৫.৩-উদান(1)

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D`vb
kÖxgr †R¨vwZcvj wfÿz

Ab~w`Z
www.kalpataruboi.org
2 LyÏKwbKv‡q D`vb (cvwj-evsjv)

LyÏKwbKv‡q D`vb (cvwj-evsjv) 3
LyÏKwbKv‡q
D`vb
(bev½ kv¯Ívkvm‡bi GK A½)
webqvPvh© kÖxgr cÖÁv‡jvK gnv¯’wei

Ges
mycwÐZ kÖxgr Avh©esk gnv¯’wei
KZ…©K cixwÿZ I ms‡kvwaZ
kÖxgr †R¨vwZcvj wfÿz

Ab~w`Z
m¤úv`KgÐjx
kÖxgr weayi wfÿz
f`šÍ KiæYvesk wfÿz
kÖxgr myf‚wZ wfÿz
wÎwcUK cvewjwks †mvmvBwU

evsjv‡`k
LyÏKwbKv‡q D`vb
Abyev` : kÖxgr †R¨vwZcvj wfÿz
MÖš’¯^Z¡ : Abyev`K
cÖ_g cÖKvk : 2474 ey×vã, 1930 wLªóvã
cybg©y`Yª : 2551 ey×vã, 2007 wLªóvã
wØZxq ms¯‹iY : 2557 ey×vã, †cŠl 1420, wW‡m¤î 2013
cÖKvkK : wÎwcUK cvewjwks †mvmvBwU, evsjv‡`k
gy`Yª : Rwb cÖ‡mm, Av›ìwKjøv, PÆMÖvg
kÖ×v`vb : 200 UvKv
Khuddaka Nikaye UDANA

Translated by Ven. Jyotipal Bhikkhu
Published by Tripitak Publishing Society, Bangladesh
Khagrachari Hill District, Bangladesh
e-mail : tpsocietybd@gmail.com
Price : Taka 200 only
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cwiwbe©vY jv‡fi ci Zuvi wb_i wbe©vK cweÎ †`navZz
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wej‡¤^ n‡jI AvR Avgiv GB cig cyY¨cyiæ‡li
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mgMÖ wÎwcUK evsjvq Abyev` K‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z PvB|
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Avgiv G Kv‡R m×g©cÖvY wfÿz-M„nx mK‡ji
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cyY¨cyiæ‡li cweÎ KiKg‡j—
cig K…ZÁZvq kÖ×vÄwjiƒ‡c wb‡ew`Z|
wÎwcUK cvewjwks †mvmvBwU

evsjv‡`k

cÖKvk‡Ki wb‡e`b
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Avgv‡ì cig †mŠfvM¨ †h, G †`‡ki gvwU‡Z kÖveKey× kÖxgr
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cÖK…wZi A‡gvN weavb Abyhvqx Zuvi mevK Dcw¯’wZ GLb Avi Avgv‡ì
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wZwb ej‡Zb, G‡Z K‡i mevB wÎwcU‡K wea„Z ey‡×i Dc‡`kevYx¸‡jv
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8 LyÏKwbKv‡q D`vbwb‡e`b
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G Kv‡R Avgiv m×g©cÖvY, m×g©wn‰Zlx DcvmK-DcvwmKv‡ì AvšÍwiK
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GB cÖKvkbv ms¯’v †_‡K Avgiv BwZc~‡e© kÖ‡×q kÖxgr KiæYvesk
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Ki‡Z hvw”Q| GwU cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq 1930 mv‡j| Abyev` K‡i‡Qb
kÖxgr †R¨vwZcvj wfÿz| Avi GB ms¯‹i‡Y m¤úv`bvi KvRwU K‡i‡Qb
kÖ‡×q kÖxgr weayi wfÿz, f`šÍ KiæYvesk wfÿz I kÖxgr myf~wZ wfÿz|
GB D`vb eBwU cybtcÖKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡qB evsjvq wÎwcUK cÖKvkbvi
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cwil`, cwiPvjbv cwil‡ì mKj m`m¨ I wbqwgZ kÖ×v`vb `vZv
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m~Î, webq I Awfag©| Rbwk¶v, †jvKwn‰ZlYv, wegyw³Ávb wÎwcUK MÖ‡š’i
cÖ‡Z¨K Q‡ÎB Av‡Q| wÎwcUKkv¯¿ cig Áv‡bi Avavi I gyw³ cvivevi|
GB MÖš’mg~n Aek¨cvV¨, wbZ¨ cÖwZcvj¨ wel‡q ficyi| †fvMx, Z¨vMx,
†hvMx, Fwl, mvay, m¾b, M„nx, cÖeªw¾Z, ¯¿x-cyiælwbwe©‡k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K
e¨w³iB Aek¨ ÁvZe¨ welq¸wj‡Z c~Y|© wÎwcUKkv¯¿ cvV Kiv gvbe
gv‡ÎiB KZ©e¨| †jvKwnZKi gnvDc‡`kc~Y© Abycg Ag~j¨ iZœ¯îƒc
wÎwcUK MÖš’ gvMax fvlvq wjwLZ| BD‡ivc I Gwkqvi cÖvq me RvwZi
fvlv‡Z ey×evK¨ wÎwcUK kv¯¿ Ab~w`Z nBqv‡Q| BD‡iv‡ci gnv gnv
mvwnZï_x, fvlvwe` cwÐZMY cvwj MÖš’ Abyev‡ì fvi wbqv Kvh©
Kwi‡Z‡Qb| fvi‡Zi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡`‡k †Kv‡bv fvlv‡ZB Bnvi Abyev` G
hver nq bvB| e‡½i †MŠie gnvgbxlx ¯^M©xq Avï‡Zvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq kv¯¿
evP¯úwZ m¤^y×vMg PµeË©x g‡nv`‡qi ï‡f”Qvq KwjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q
cvwj fvlv wk¶vi cÖeZ©b nq| cwiZv‡ci welq GB †h, fvi‡Zi Ab¨
†Kv‡bv cÖ‡`‡k Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wek¦we`¨vj‡q cvwj fvlv wk¶vi cÖPjb GLb
nq bvB! ïay evivYmxi wn›`y wek¦we`¨vj‡q ermi c‡bi †lvj c~‡e© R‰bK
wmsnjx wf¶zi mvnv‡h¨ cvwj fvlv wk¶v`vb Kiv nB‡ZwQj ewjqv Avwg
Zx_©åg‡Y wMqv Rvwbqv AvwmqvwQjvg| hvK, †mme welq mwe¯Ív‡i ejv
wb®úÖ‡qvRb|
fvi‡Zi cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡`‡ki fvlvq wÎwcUK MÖš’ Ab~w`Z nBqv cÖPvwiZ
LyÏKwbKv‡q D`vb (cvwj-evsjv)

cÖ‡ewkKv 13
nIqv evÃbxq| †mw`b K‡e Avm‡e ZviB Avkvq Avgiv †P‡q AvwQ| mgMÖ
fvi‡Z Ôe½evYxÕ GKwU mg„w×kvwjbx fvlv ewjqv cwiwPZ| mgMÖ weªwUk
mvgªv‡R¨ evOvjv Bs‡iwR fvlvi c‡iB ¯’vb jvf K‡i| RvZxq fvlv mg„×
nIqv RvZxq DbœwZi GKUv cÖavb j¶Y| e½fvlvq †hgb bvbv welwqYx
Ávb I wkw¶vi welq msM„nxZ, Ab~w`Z I ÁvbfvÐvi ivwkK…Z Kiv
nBqv‡Q| †Zgwb mgMÖ wÎwcUK kv¯¿ ey×evYxi Abyev` Kwiqv Avgvi mv‡ai
gvZ…evYx‡K Z‡ZvwaK m¤ú`kvwjbx †`wL‡Z cvB‡j Avwg AZ¨šÍ cyjwKZ
nBe|
AZ¨šÍ my‡Li welq GB †h, e½xq †eŠ×‡ì mvgvb¨ †Póvq I c~R¨cv`
kÖxgr cÖÁv‡jvK gnv¯’we‡ii cÖvYcvZ cwikÖ‡g GKwU ¶z`ª gy`ªvhš¿
eªþ‡`‡ki ivRavbx †i½y‡b cÖwZwôZ nBqv‡Q, Bnv‡Z wkw¶Z evOvjx †eŠ×
wf¶zMY †hvM`vb Kwiqv †`k-†`kvšÍi nB‡Z ey×evK¨ wk¶vjvf Kwiqv
wbR‡ì gvZ…fvlv evOvjvq cvwj MÖš’mg~‡ni Abyev` Kwi‡Z K…ZmsKí
nBqv‡Qb| c~R¨cv` kÖxgr cÖÁv‡jvK gnv¯’we‡ii Avkv mdj nDK, BnvB
Kvgbv|
wÎwcUK kv‡¯¿i e½vbyev‡ì Rb¨ wkw¶Z mg_© I fvlvwe`, cwÐZ, eû
Drmvnx †jv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb|
AvR wÎwcUK kv‡¯¿i AšÍM©Z m~ÎwcU‡Ki LyÏKwbKvq ch©vqfz³ D`vb
MÖš’ e½v¶‡i gyw`ªZ g~j I Abyev` †`wLqv Avwg eoB mš‘ó nBqvwQ,
gvbbxq kÖxgr †R¨vwZcvj wf¶z g‡nv`q g~jmn GB MÖ‡š’i e½vbyev`
Kwiqv‡Qb|
wf¶z g‡nv`q we‡`¨vrmvnx I AK¬všÍKg©x, Zuvnvi cÖ_g †Póv A‡bKvs‡k
mdj nBqv‡Q| D`vb A_©vr kÖxey×gyLwbtm„Z DjøvmaŸwb AwZ my›ì Ávbc~Y©
MÖš|’
†jŠwKK I †jv‡KvËi ag©mg~‡ni h_vh_ Abyf‚wZ, cÖZ¨¶xKiY, mZ¨
Avwe®‹vi, gbb, wPšÍb, Abya¨vb B`¨vw` Øviv cweÎ AšÍ‡i †h cÖxwZi †h
Djøvm R‡b¥, ZvnvB üw` DcK‚‡j D”Q¡wmZ nBqv D‡V, GB D`vb MÖš’
ZvnvB, A_©vr üw` cvivev‡ii Ávbmgy‡`ª `„ó, kÖæZ, cwiKwíZ AbywgZ I
cÖZ¨¶xf‚Z mZ¨ I ag© mgy”Q¡wmZ DjøvmevYxB GB D`vb MÖš|’ Djøvm,
we‡eK, cÖxwZ I weivM—welq PZzó‡qi g‡a¨B MÖšL’ vwb cÖwZwôZ, RM‡Z
hZwKQy Avwe®‹vi Av‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ gb¯Í‡Z¡i Avwe®‹viB mevi †miv
Avwe®‹vi| êÁvwb‡Ki e¯‘RM‡Zi wbZ¨be Avwe®‹vi †hgb AZ¨šÍ
Avðh©RbK I PgKcÖ` †Zgwb gb¯Í‡Ë¡i g‡bvRM‡Zi fvewb‡`©k I
ag©wb‡`©k AZ¨šÍ †KŠZzKven I cig Avðh©|
14 LyÏKwbKv‡qcÖD`vb
‡ewkKv(cvwj-evsjv)
msmviP‡µi AveZ©‡bi Rb¥Rb¥všÍ‡i cviwgZv c~Y© Kwiqv RxeRMr
ag©RMr I g‡bvRM‡Zi m‡e©vcwi AvwZ¥K kw³i kiY, aviY I Abykxjb,
m¤úÖmviY, evûjxKiY fveivR¨ g‡bvRM‡Zi cig DbœwZ I cig wb`k©b|
Rb¥Rb¥všÍ‡ii mvabvi Øviv gb-gyKzi m¤úÖmvwiZ I weïw×K…Z Kwiqv
wek¦eªþv‡Ði—RxeRM‡Zi mgMÖ fve g‡bi AveZ©b, weeZ©b, mseZ©b
BZ¨vw`‡K ¯^xq gvbm gyKz‡i cÖwZfvZ, cÖwZdwjZ Kwiqv `k©b, gbb I
aviY Kwievi AwgZ Ávb, Ac~e© a¨vb Z_vMZ fMevb mg¨Km¤^y× jvf
KwiqvwQ‡jb| BnvB g‡bvweÁv‡bi cig Avðh©, AZ¨šÍ A™¢zZ Pig wk¶v I
cig Ávb|
h_vf‚Zfv‡e Kvh©KviYbxwZi, msmviP‡µi, Rb¥všÍi-in‡mï,
RxeRM‡Zi, fveRM‡Zi h_vh_fv‡e cÖZ¨¶xKiY mv¶vrKvi Z_vMZ
fMevb mg¨Km¤^y‡×i †jv‡KvËi ¸‡Yi AšÍM©Z I welqxf‚Z|
wPËwbiæcY, ag©wbiæcY, RxeRM‡Zi in‡m¨v‡™¢`, g‡bviv‡Rï AveZ©b,
weeZ©b, wbeZ©b, m‡¼vPb, cÖmviY m¤^‡Ü we‡kl wePvi AeaviY ZË¡wbiæcY
BZ¨vw` Z_vMZ mg¨Km¤^y‡×i Ávb‡MvPi welq| m‡e©vcwi `ytL,
`ytLmgy`q, `ytLwb‡iva Ges `ytLwb‡iv‡ai Dcvq—GB welq PZzóq mgMÖ
†eŠ×ag© I †eŠ× `k©‡bi gyL¨ cÖwZcv`¨ welq|
Avgiv ¶z`ªÁv‡b ¯^íeyw×‡Z GB a‡g©i cV‡b, cvV‡b, ai‡Y, avi‡Y,
wPšÍvq, M‡elYvq I h_vh_ cÖZ¨¶xKi‡Y Amg_© nBqvB G‡nb Ag~j¨
ag©i‡Zœi gh©v`v eywS‡Z A¶g nBqv cwoqvwQ| Bnv cweÎ fviZf‚wgi Avh©
mbvZb ag©, fviZevmx gv‡ÎiB †MŠi‡ei welq, Avh©RvwZi †kÖô AjsKvi
ag©-AvfiY|
†mvRv mij K_vq ewj, Z_vMZ fMevb mg¨Km¤^y×-†`wkZ I
ZrcÖweZ©Z ag© me©Rbxb I gvbemgv‡Ri wPif‚lY| AwZ ms‡¶‡c AZ¨šÍ
mvaviY I mnR cÖwZcvj¨ GKwU D`vniY w`qv Avgv‡ì K_vi mZ¨Zv
cÖgvY Kwi‡Z PvB| kÖx kÖx fMevb mg¨Km¤^y×-Dcw`ó cÂbxwZ gvbe
gv‡ÎiB wbZï¶Yxq A‡½i f‚lY¯îƒc| GgbwK j¾v wbevi‡Yi Rb¨
gvbe gvÎB †hgb AšÍZc‡¶ KwU †_‡K Rvby ch©šÍ wbZ¨ Av”Qvw`Z Kwiqv
iv‡L, †Zgb fMevb ey×-Dcw`ó cÂbxwZ gvbegv‡ÎiB Aek¨cÖwZcvj¨
wbZ¨ iw¶Ze¨ KwU Av”Qv`b e¯¿m`„k| ZrcÖwZwôZ Avh© Aóvw½K bxwZ,
`kv½ bxwZ cÖf…wZI gvbe gv‡ÎiB A‡½i †kvfv I †MŠie ea©bKvix
gnvg~j¨ f‚lYZzj¨| †h gvbe cÂbxwZ i¶v K‡i bv, †m Rbmgv‡R f`ª
bv‡g cwiwPZ nBevi †hvM¨ nB‡Z cv‡i bv|
RM‡Z Amf¨ ee©i bv‡g cwiwPZ c„w_exi Avw`g Awaevmxiv e¯¿
LyÏKwbKv‡q D`vb (cvwj-evsjv)

cÖ‡ewkKv 15
cwiavb bv Kwiqv bMœ I Aa©bMœ Ae¯’vq _vwKZ| RM‡Z mf¨Zv Avwe®‹v‡ii
m‡½ m‡½ gvb‡eiv Kvco ey‡b Zv‡ì j¾vwbeviY Kwievi Dcvq K‡i †bq
Ges wb‡R‡ì Abve„Z †`n e¯¿v”Qvw`Z Kwiqv mf¨ bv‡g cwiPq cÖ`vb
K‡i, BnvB BwZnv‡mi K_v| Avwg ewj wK wZbwU gyL¨ Kvi‡Y gvb‡eiv e¯¿
cwiavb Kwiqv _v‡Kb| cÖ_g KviY—j¾vwbeviY, wØZxq KviY—
kxZvZcwbeviY, Z…Zxq KviY—A‡½i †mŠ›`h©e„w×| AvRKvj mf¨RM‡Zi
†mŠLxb †jv‡Kiv wbZ¨ be be my›ì my›ì e¯¿ I A½fi‡Yi Avwe®‹vi
Kwiqv wb‡R‡ì eyw×gËv I †mŠ›`h©m„wói civKvôv cÖ`k©b Kwi‡Z‡Qb| whwb
hvnvB Kiæb mg¯Í cÖ‡Póvi cÖ_g D‡Ïk¨ j¾vwbeviY| †Zgwb gvbe
gv‡ÎiB bxwZ-ag© cÖwZcvjb †`n I g‡bi cÖavb f‚lY, i¶vKeP I
gnvag©¯îƒc| bxwZnxb I ag©nxb n‡j †KnB cÖK…Z gvbe bv‡gi †hvM¨
nB‡Z cv‡i bv|
†Kv‡bv MÖš’we‡k‡li cÖ‡ewkKv we¯Í…Z Av‡jvPbvi cÖK…ó ¯’j b‡n| †hB
MÖ‡š’i cÖ‡ewkKv wjwL‡Z Avwg Abyiæ× nBqvwQ †mB MÖš’ m¤^‡Ü ¯’‚jfv‡e
AviI ¸wUK‡qK K_v ewjqv Avgvi e³‡eï Dcmsnvi Kwie|
mywe¯Í…Z myMfxi gnvmgy‡`ªi Rj †h¯’vb †_‡KB msMÖnxZ nBqv
Av¯^vw`Z nDK bv †Kb Zv‡Z GKgvÎ †jvYvimB Abyf‚Z n‡e—Zvi
Ab¨_v †bB| †Zgwb mywe¯Í…Z myMfxi †eŠ×ag© I †eŠ× `k©‡bi A_©vr
wÎwcUK kv‡¯¿i †h¯’vb †_‡K im MÖnY Kiv nDK bv †Kb, Zvnv GKgvÎ
wegyw³i‡mB ficyi| Z_vMZ mg¨Km¤^y‡×i D`vbevYx—Avb›àŸwb ag© I
Áv‡bi h_vf‚Z mv¶vrKv‡ii cyjKMxwZ—cv‡V e½xq cvVK-cvwVKvMY
cyjwKZ, Avb›`vwff‚Z I wegyw³imvwfwl³ nDb| kÖxgr †R¨vwZcvj bexb
hwZ Z_vMZ AwgZv‡fi AwgZ Ávb‡R¨vwZ e½evYxi g‡a¨ cÖKvk Kwiqv
ab¨ I K…Zv_© nDb| gyw³gkv‡ji w`MšÍ D”Q¡wmZ cÖfvq wb‡R cÖfvwš^Z
nBqv ci‡KI cÖfv`v‡b mg_© nDb| gnv¯’wei kÖxgr cÖÁv‡jvK bvbv
welwqYx cÖÁv`vb Kv‡h© wPie¨vc„Z _vwKqv DrmM©xK…Z Rxbe‡K mv_©K
Kiæb, BnvB Kvgbv|
†i½yb BwZ
ïK¬v`kgx kÖxwMixk P›`ª we`¨vwe‡bv`
14 AMÖnvqY, 1337 mvj

m~ wP c Î
1. †evwa eM©
1. cÖ_g †evwa m~Î ............................................................. 21
2. wØZxq †evwa m~Î............................................................23
3. Z…Zxq †evwa m~Î............................................................24
4. ûsû¼ m~Î ................................................................... 26
5. eªvþY m~Î ...................................................................28
6. gnvKvk¨c m~Î.............................................................. 29
7. ARKjvcK m~Î ............................................................30
8. m½vgwR m~Î ................................................................ 31
9. RwUj m~Î ...................................................................33
10. evwnq m~Î .................................................................34
2. gyPwj›` eM©
1. gyPwj›` m~Î ................................................................. 41
2. ivR m~Î .....................................................................42
3. `Ð m~Î.......................................................................44
4. mrKvi m~Î ..................................................................45
5. DcvmK m~Î .................................................................47
6. Mwf©Yx m~Î ...................................................................48
7. GKcyÎ m~Î .................................................................50
8. mycÖevmv m~Î ................................................................52
9. wekvLv m~Î ..................................................................58
10. fwÏq m~Î.................................................................. 60
3. b›` eM©
1. Kg©wecvKR m~Î ............................................................ 64
2. b›` m~Î ...................................................................... 65
3. h‡mvR m~Î .................................................................. 71
4. mvwicyÎ m~Î .................................................................78
5. gnv‡gv˜Mjøvqb m~Î ........................................................78
6. wcwj›è”Q m~Î .............................................................79

7. ïµ-D`vb m~Î.............................................................. 81
8. wcÐcvwZK m~Î .............................................................84
9. wkí m~Î .....................................................................87
10. †jvK m~Î ..................................................................89
4. †gwNq eM©
1. †gwNq m~Î ...................................................................93
2. D×Z m~Î.................................................................. 102
3. †MvcvjK m~Î ............................................................. 103
4. hÿcÖnvi m~Î ............................................................. 106
5. bvM m~Î.................................................................... 109
6. wc‡Ðvj m~Î................................................................ 112
7. mvwicyÎ m~Î............................................................... 113
8. my›ìx m~Î ................................................................. 114
9. Dc‡mb m~Î ............................................................... 119
10. mvixcyÎ Dckg m~Î.................................................... 120
5. †mvY eM©
1. wcÖqZi m~Î ................................................................ 122
2. Aívqy m~Î ................................................................. 123
3. mycÖey× Kzôx m~Î .......................................................... 125
4. Kzgvi m~Î.................................................................. 130
5. D‡cvm_ m~Î .............................................................. 131
6. †mvY m~Î .................................................................. 143
7. K•Lv‡ieZ m~Î ........................................................... 150
8. msN‡f` m~Î .............................................................. 151
9. mavqgvb m~Î ............................................................. 152
10. P‚jcš’K m~Î ............................................................ 153
6. Rb¥vÜ eM©
1. Avqyms¯‹vi wemR©b m~Î ................................................. 155
2. mß RwUj m~Î ............................................................ 162
3. cÖZ¨‡e¶Y m~Î ........................................................... 166
4. cÖ_g bvbv Zxw_©q m~Î ................................................... 166
5. wØZxq bvbv Zxw_©q m~Î .................................................. 172
6. Z…Zxq bvbv Zxw_©q m~Î .................................................. 176

7. myf‚wZ m~Î ................................................................. 177
8. MwYKv m~Î................................................................. 177
9. DcvwZavewšÍ m~Î ......................................................... 180
10. DrcwË m~Î .............................................................. 181
7. P‚j eM©
1. cÖ_g jKzÉK fwÏq m~Î ................................................. 184
2. wØZxq jKzÉK fwÏq m~Î ............................................... 185
3. cÖ_g mË¡ m~Î ............................................................. 186
4. wØZxq mË¡ m~Î ............................................................ 187
5. Aci jKzÉK fwÏq m~Î ................................................188
6. Z…òvms¶q m~Î........................................................... 189
7. cÖcÂ¶q m~Î ............................................................. 190
8. K”Pvb m~Î................................................................. 191
9. D`cvb m~Î................................................................ 191
10. D‡`b m~Î ............................................................... 194
8. cvUwjMÖvgxq eM©
1. cÖ_g cwiwbe©vYmshy³ m~Î .............................................. 196
2. wØZxq cwiwbe©vYmshy³ m~Î ............................................. 197
3. Z…Zxq cwiwbe©vYmshy³ m~Î............................................. 198
4. PZz_© cwiwbe©vYmshy³ m~Î .............................................. 198
5. Pz›` m~Î .................................................................... 199
6. cvUwjMÖvgxq m~Î .........................................................207
7. wØavc_ m~Î ............................................................... 216
8. wekvLv m~Î ................................................................ 218
9. cÖ_g èŸ m~Î ............................................................ 221
10. wØZxq èŸ m~Î ......................................................... 222
cwiwkó .....................................................................225


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weÁv‡bi Kvi‡Y bvgiƒc, bvgiƒ‡ci Kvi‡Y lovqZb, lovqZ‡bi Kvi‡Y
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†kl nB‡Z cÖ_g ch©šÍ cÖwZ‡jvg fvebvµ‡g my›ìiƒ‡c g‡bvwb‡ek
Kwi‡jb :
Òhw` GB KviY bv _v‡K Zvnv nB‡j GB dj nq bv| Bnvi wb‡iv‡a
Bnvi wb‡iva nq; h_v : Awe`¨vi wb‡iv‡a ms¯‹v‡ii wb‡iva, ms¯‹v‡ii
wb‡iv‡a weÁv‡bi wb‡iva, weÁv‡bi wb‡iv‡a bvgiƒ‡ci wb‡iva, bvgiƒ‡ci
wb‡iv‡a lovqZ‡bi wb‡iva, lovqZ‡bi wb‡iv‡a ¯ú‡k©i wb‡iva, ¯ú‡k©i
wb‡iv‡a †e`bvi wb‡iva, †e`bvi wb‡iv‡a Z…òvi wb‡iva, Z…òvi wb‡iv‡a
Dcv`v‡bi wb‡iva, Dcv`v‡bi wb‡iv‡a f‡ei wb‡iva, f‡ei wb‡iv‡a R‡b¥i
wb‡iva, R‡b¥i wb‡iv‡a Riv, g„Zz¨, †kvK, wejvc, `ytL, `ywðšÍv I nv-
ûZv‡ki wb‡iva nq| GBiƒ‡cB m¤ú~Y© `ytLivwki wb‡iva nBqv _v‡K|Ó
a3
et& t & & i& u&

u —
‘‘
n "m,
Q R bhF ।
a3 C n b,
& c& a+’’ d&।
3. !" t&
3. e& &—e& &
ur& jя
я + !"r,- $
md।
t& el0 n t 2 &+। a3

t ac 5 "5 67$t t
c& & 2c p& a2& "& —
‘‘i is& i& , i p i& upjя, is&
a i& , i " i& rj;
&—
GB mZ¨v_© Rvwbqv fMevb ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY Kwi‡jb :

mKj mskq ZLb jq—
`yt‡Li KviY Kx‡m aŸsm nq
h‡e nq †mB Áv‡bi D`q| wØZxq|
3. Z…Zxq †evwa m~Î

3. Diæ‡ejv-wb`vb :
ZLb fMevb ivwÎi †kl hv‡g cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv` (cwU”Pmgyàv`) a‡g©
my›ìiƒ‡c Aby‡jvg I cÖwZ‡jvg fvebvbyµ‡g g‡bvwb‡ek Kwi‡jb :
Òhw` Bnv _v‡K Z‡e Bnv nq, Bnvi DrcwË‡Z Bnvi DrcwË nq| hw`
Bnv bv _v‡K Z‡e BnvI nq bv, Bnvi wb‡iv‡a BnviI wb‡iva nq; h_v :

ajяc C, Cc DEF&, DEFc
r&, rc &, c H ,
H c , c I, Ic u&,
uc
,
c я, яc яF&
d, mn। e
d,,n ।
‘‘ajя t a " C", C"
DEF", DEF" r", r"
", " H ", H "
", " I", I"
u", u"
",
"
я", я" яF& -
d, rjn। e d,,n
" +’’।
a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
Awe`¨vi Kvi‡Y ms¯‹vi, ms¯‹v‡ii Kvi‡Y weÁvb, weÁv‡bi Kvi‡Y bvgiƒc,

bvgiƒ‡ci Kvi‡Y lovqZb, lovqZ‡bi Kvi‡Y ¯úk©, ¯ú‡k©i Kvi‡Y
†e`bv, †e`bvi Kvi‡Y Z…òv, Z…òvi Kvi‡Y Dcv`vb, Dcv`v‡bi Kvi‡Y
fe, f‡ei Kvi‡Y Rb¥, R‡b¥i Kvi‡Y Riv, g„Zz¨, †kvK, wejvc, `ytL,
`ywðšÍv I nv-ûZv‡ki DrcwË nq| GBiƒ‡cB GB m¤ú~Y© `ytLivwki mgy`q
nBqv _v‡K|Ó
ÒAwe`¨viB A‡kl weivM I wb‡iv‡a ms¯‹v‡ii wb‡iva, ms¯‹v‡ii
wb‡iv‡a weÁv‡bi wb‡iva, weÁv‡bi wb‡iv‡a bvgiƒ‡ci wb‡iva, bvgiƒ‡ci
wb‡iv‡a lovqZ‡bi wb‡iva, lovqZ‡bi wb‡iv‡a ¯ú‡k©i wb‡iva, ¯ú‡k©i
wb‡iv‡a †e`bvi wb‡iva, †e`bvi wb‡iv‡a Z…òvi wb‡iva, Z…òvi wb‡iv‡a
Dcv`v‡bi wb‡iva, Dcv`v‡bi wb‡iv‡a f‡ei wb‡iva, f‡ei wb‡iv‡a R‡b¥i
wb‡iva, R‡b¥i wb‡iv‡a Riv, g„Zz¨, †kvK, wejvc, `ytL, `ywðšÍv I nv-
ûZv‡ki wb‡iva nq|Ó
GBiƒ‡cB †mB m¤ú~Y© `ytLivwk wbiæ× nBqv hvq—GB mZ¨v_© Rvwbqv
fMevb ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY Kwi‡jb :

‘‘
n "m,
Q R bhF ।
"-& 7$ &,
-1 o
n,’’n &।
4. h&h0 t&
4. e& &—e& &
ur& jя
я + aяg" $
md।
t& el0 n t 2 &+। a3

t ac 5 "5 67$ ।
a3 aDE h&h0я2 bhF

0; u 0t
d& m। m+& 3&

aig msMÖv‡g ZLb Rq—
Zcb AvKv‡k h_v Aefv‡m
webv‡k gv‡ii ˆmb¨Pq| Z…Zxq|
4. ûsû¼ m~Î
4. Avwg GBiƒc ïwbqvwQ—GKmgq fMevb ey×Z¡ jv‡fi ci cÖ_g
Diæ‡ejvq ˆbiÄbvb`xi Zx‡i ARcvj-b¨v‡MÖvag~‡j evm K‡ib| ZrKv‡j
fMevb wegyw³myL Abyfe Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z mßvnKvj GK a¨vbvm‡b ewmqv
_v‡Kb|
AZtci †mB mßvn AZxZ nB‡j fMevb †mB mgvwa nB‡Z DwV‡jb|
ZLb gvb I †µva¯^fvem¤úbœ GK eªvþY fMev‡bi wbKU Avwmqv mvì
m¤¢vlY I m`vjvc †kl Kwiqv GKcv‡k¦© ùvovBj| GKcv‡k¦© ùvovBqv
1
[ ( +. @. &. +.)]
2
[hh0я ( +. @. &. +.)]

F+& + t en& a7$ । en& $
bhF
n& e`—‘‘t ,
, bhF
, ` bhFF1 "m’’?
a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
‘‘ bhF !"m,
h&h02 k t।
n- c bh`,
"m bh& @।
t d ’’ `t&।
†mB eªvþY fMevb‡K wRÁvmv Kwij, Ô†n †MŠZg, eªvþ‡Yi ¯îƒc Kx?
†Kvb †Kvb ag© AvPiY Kwi‡j eªvþY nIqv hvq?
fMevb D³ cÖ‡kœi m¤ú~Y© mZ¨v_© wew`Z nBqv ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v

D”PviY Kwi‡jb :
eªvþY—whwb evwnZ cvc,
gvb-†µvanxb weivMx,
mshZwPË, wbe©vYMZ,
we‡Øl †gvn †ZqvMx;
eªþPh©evm n‡q‡Q huvnvi
cvc e„w× †Kv_v bvwn f‡e,
ag©Z eªvþY ewjqv ZLb
Kwn‡Z cv‡ib wZwb Z‡e| PZz_|©
5. bhF t&
1
[bhF (.)]
2
[hh0 ( +. @. & +.)]

5. e& &—e& &
t& я
a3f Q। Qs ` t
Qs ` gl Qs ` Qs ` c1
Qs ` 7$ Qs ` p Qs ` `n
Qs ` ard Qs ` Qs ` n2

0& ।
ad
Qsn - Qcn; s
,-
Qn —‘‘e,
,, bhF Qcn; e,
,,
bhF Qcn+’’। e& 6t, aDE bhFя
,
n& e`—‘‘t ,

n, bhF , `
bhFF "m’’?
a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
5. eªvþY m~Î
5. Avwg GBiƒc ïwbqvwQ—GKmgq fMevb kÖve¯Íx‡Z Abv_wcwÐK
†kÖôxwbwg©Z †RZeb wenv‡i evm K‡ib| ZrKv‡j (GKw`b) Avqy®§vb
mvwicyÎ, gnv‡gv˜Mjøvqb, gnvKvk¨c, gnv‡KvU&wVZ, gnvKwàb, gnvK”Pvqb,
gnvPz›`, Abyiæ×, †ieZ, b›` I Avqy®§vb Avb›` fMev‡bi wbKU
Avwm‡ZwQ‡jb| Zuvnvw`M‡K `~i nB‡ZB Avwm‡Z †`wLqv fMevb
wf¶zw`M‡K ewj‡jb :
Ôwf¶zMY, H †`L eªvþ‡Yiv Avwm‡Z‡Q|Õ
fMevb Dnv ewj‡j GKRb eªvþY RvZxq wf¶z fMevb‡K ewj‡jb :
Ôf‡šÍ, Kxiƒ‡c eªvþY nIqv hvq? eªvþYKiY ag© Kx Kx?Õ
fMevb D³ cÖ‡kœi GBiƒc m¤ú~Y© mZ¨v_© AeMZ nBqv ZrKv‡j GB
cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY Kwi‡jb :
‘‘!t "m, `n ।
1
[c ( +. +. .)]
2
[Qn ( +. +.)]

+F &я !d, 1 s bhF’’ d&।
6. t&
6. e& &—e& &
я
n। Qs
pg&2 Q!"3 d, !k । a3
Qs a 5 Q!" 67$ । a3
Qs 5 Q!" 67$ e —
‘‘&-& я& f @’’n।
dt u k& Qn
n Qs f2
। a3 Qs
dt 2,t
bI &
evwnZ Kwiqv cvc

¯§„„wZ‡hv‡M K‡i wePiY,
¶xY-ms‡hvRb ey×
ZvnvivB †jv‡K‡Z eªvþY| cÂg|
6. gnvKvk¨c m~Î
6. Avwg GBiƒc ïwbqvwQ—GKmgq fMevb ivRM„n bM‡i Kj›`K-wbev‡c
†eYyeb wenv‡i evm Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| ZrKv‡j Avqy®§vb gnvKvk¨c
wcàjx¸nvq cxwoZve¯’vq AZ¨šÍ `ytL‡e`bvMÖ¯Í I welg e¨vwaMÖ¯Í nBqv
evm Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| †mB †ivM nB‡Z gyw³jvf Kwi‡j wZwb ivRM„‡n wf¶v
Kwi‡Z gb¯’ Kwi‡jb|
†mB mgq cuvPkZ †èZv Avqy®§vb gnvKvk¨c‡K wcÐ`vb Kwievi B”Qv
cÖKvk Kwij; wKš‘ Avqy®§vb gnvKvk¨c †mB cuvPkZ †èZvi wcÐ
bv jBqv c~e©vnè mg‡q Pxei cwiavbc~e©K cvÎPxei jBqv ivRM„‡n
Mwie
1
[ ( +.)]
2
[lHg& ( @.), mg& (.)]
3
[Q!" ( @. +.)]

t t`+ я& f — d
F । ad
Qsn& &
я f `n& d F ।
a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
‘‘aDE DE&, n& 7$&।
+F & n &, & br bhF’’n n7$&।
7. aя t&
7. e& &—e& &
&1 aя
`, aя ,
।

tn & ab n ; ` e&
H । a3 aя ,

& nmt&
& & up
0; u 0t

a- ,t& ‘‘ak k’’ akk& a —‘‘e
, F, `’’।
ZuvwZw`‡Mi e¯Íx‡Z wf¶v‡_© Mgb Kwi‡jb| fMevb wè¨P‡¶ †`wL‡jb †h,

Avqy®§vb gnvKvk¨c `wi`ª ZuvwZw`‡Mi ew¯Í‡Z wf¶vi Rb¨ hvB‡Z‡Qb|
fMevb Zuvnvi Ôgayi im Av¯^v`‡bi jvjmvwenxbZvÕ I ÔMwi‡ei cÖwZ
`qvÕ—GB gnvZ¥¨Øq wew`Z nBqv ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY
Kwi‡jb :
AÁvZ †h, Aci-†cvlK, `všÍwPË, cÖwZwôZ mv‡i,
¶xYvme D˜MxwiZ †Øl, Kwn Avwg eªvþY Zvnv‡i| lô|
7. ARKjvcK m~Î
7. Avwg GBiƒc ïwbqvwQGKmgq fMevb cvev MÖv‡g ARKjvcK bvgK
ˆP‡Z¨ ARKjvcK h‡¶i N‡i evm K‡ib| ZrKv‡j fMevb ivwÎi Mfxi
AÜKv‡i wegy³ ¯’v‡b ewmqvwQ‡jb| ZLb Aí Aí e„wó cwo‡ZwQj| †mB
mgq ARKjvcK h¶ fMev‡bi fq, ¯ÍäZv I †ivgvÂ Drcv`‡bi
B”Qvq
1
[2& (+.)]

a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
‘‘ "m , - bhF।
a3 e& `d, kdt+’’ t&।
8. rя t&
8. e& &—e& &
t& я
a3f Q। Qs rя
t& apt
n& । a Qs
rя Fd—‘‘a@ rя t&
apt’’। & Q я& a ।
Qs rя aDEs& r,-
& n । a3 Qs
rя
Zuvnvi wbK‡U Dcw¯’Z nBj Ges Kv‡Q _vwKqv wZbevi ÔA°zj-c°zjÕ

ewjqv weKU aŸwb Kwij| †m weKU wckvPiƒc awiqv Ô†n kÖgY, GB †Zvgvi
Dci wckvP cwojÕ ewjqv fq †`LvB‡Z jvwMj|
h‡¶i †mB weK…wZi Øviv fMev‡bi †KkvMÖ gvÎ UjvB‡Z cvwi‡e bv—
GB A_© wew`Z nBqv fMevb ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY Kwi‡jb :
eªvþY ¯âg© m‡e h‡e nq cviMZ
wckvP, ˆckvPx ie Z`v nq civnZ| mßg|
(ÔA°zj-c°zjÕ—wckv‡Pi kã)
8. m½vgwR m~Î
8. Avwg GBiƒc ïwbqvwQ—GKmgq fMevb kÖve¯Íx bM‡i Abv_wcwÐK
†kÖôxwbwg©Z †RZeb wenv‡i evm Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| ZrKv‡j GKw`b Avqy®§vb
m½vgwR fMevb‡K †`wLevi Rb¨ kÖve¯Íx‡Z Mgb Kwi‡jb| Zuvnvi cyivbv
¯¿x (f‚Zc~e©v fvh©v) ¯^vgx kÖve¯Íx‡Z Avwmqv‡Qb ïwbqv †Q‡jmn †RZe‡b
Avwmj|
hLb Avqy®§vb m½vgwR †Kv‡bv GK e„¶g~‡j wèvwenv‡i ewmqvwQ‡jb,
†mB mgq Zuvnvi cyivbv ¯¿x Zuvnvi wbKU Dcw¯’Z nBqv ewjj :

Fd s rя 0; u 0t Qsn&
rя& e`—‘‘dtD1, F, ’’n। e& 6t,
Qs rя I+ a ।
dm Qs rя Fd Qsn&
rя& e`—‘‘dtD, F, ’’n। dm
Qs rя I+ a ।
m Qs rя Fd Qsn&
rя& e`—‘‘dtD, F, ’’n। m
Qs rя I+ a ।
a3 Qs rя Fd & &
Qs rя ,t k2—‘‘e 3 ,
F, t; ’’n।
a3 Qs rя & & o Q।
a3 Qs rя Fd a-&4
nt
Ô†n kÖgY, Avgvi cyÎ GLb wkï, Avgv‡K cvjb Ki|Õ Avqy®§vb
m½vgwR Dnv ïwb‡jb wKš‘ bxie iwn‡jb| cybivq Avqy®§vb m½vgwRi
cyivbv ¯¿x Zuvnv‡K ewjj, Ô†n kÖgY, Avgvi cyÎ GLb wkï, Avgv‡K cvjb
Ki|Õ wØZxqev‡iI Avqy®§vb m½vgwR bxie iwn‡jb| Avevi Avqy®§vb
m½vgwRi cyivbv ¯¿x Zuvnv‡K ewjj, Ô†n kÖgY, Avgvi cyÎ GLb wkï,
Avgv‡K cvjb KiÕ| Z…Zxqev‡iI Avqy®§vb m½vgwR bxie iwn‡jb|
AZtci Avqy®§vb m½vgwRi cyivbv ¯¿x †Q‡jwU‡K Zuvnvi m¤§y‡L †dwjqv
Ô†n kÖgY, GBwU †Zvgvi †Q‡j, Bnv‡K †cvlY KiÕ ewjqv Pwjqv †Mj|
wKš‘, Avqy®§vb m½vgwR †Q‡jwU‡K wdwiqvI †`wL‡jb bv, †Kv‡bv
K_vI ewj‡jb bv| Avqy®§vb m½vgwRi cyivbv ¯¿x Pwjqv hvB‡Z hvB‡Z
wZwb Kxiƒc Kwi‡Z‡Qb Zvnv Rvwbevi Rb¨ cðvr wdwiqv †`wL‡Z jvwMj|
hLb
1
[dt5 ( +.)]
2
[k (.) e]
3
[e ( +. .)]
4
[a- ( @. +.)]

an+ ad Qsn& rя& & & on&
Qn&, s e —‘‘ `& F t
at’’। 2tt & Q k। ad
b `, d akn Qs

rя Fd er& p&।
a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
‘‘Qn&
n, kn& `।
r rя& t&, & br bhF’’n a7$&।
9. я2 t&
9. e& &—e& &
& + ।
mh я2 + n t+ an7$
& umjяn jяn, umjяjяm
n o dn, agm яn—‘‘i d+’’।
†m †`wLj †h wZwb †Q‡jwUi w`‡K wdwiqvI Pvwn‡Z‡Qb bv, †Kv‡bv K_vI

Kwn‡Z‡Qb bv| ZLb †m ÔGB kÖgY Avi cyÎI Pvq bvÕ fvweqv cybivq
Mgbc_ nB‡Z wdwiqv Avwmqv †Q‡jwU‡K jBqv Pwjqv †Mj|
fMevb gbyl¨P¶zi AZxZ weï× wè¨P¶zi Øviv Avqy®§vb m½vgwRi
cyivbv ¯¿x‡K GBfv‡e Ac`¯’ nB‡Z †`wLqv Ges Avqy®§vb m½vgwR †h ¯¿x-
cy‡Îi cÖwZ Z…òvnxb, Zvnv AeMZ nBqv ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY
Kwi‡jb :
Avwm‡j Avb›` bvwn
M‡Z b‡n †kvKvZzi gb,
m½gy³ m½vgwR—
Kwn Avwg Zuvnv‡i eªvþY| Aóg|
9. RwUj m~Î
9. Avwg GBiƒc ïwbqvwQ—GKmgq fMevb MqvZx‡_© Mqvkxl© bvgK
cvlv‡Yi Dci evm Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| ZrKv‡j A‡bKRb RUvavix Zvcm
†ngšÍ-iv‡Î gvN gv‡mi †kl Pvwi w`‡b I dvêyb gv‡mi cÖ_g Pvwi
w`‡b,

ad
mh я2 + n t+
an7$ & umjяn jяn
umjяjяm n1 o dn agm яn—‘‘i
d+’’।
a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
‘‘ u `+ +, !vt w+2 я।
5 cd "m `, `+ ` bhF’’ &।
10.
10. ! t&
10.
10 e& &—e& &
t& я
a3f Q। ! r`+
p 2 d+ k r -я
Mqvb`x‡Z I MqvcyKz‡i GKevi Wz‡e Avevi I‡V, †Kn Wz‡e †Kn I‡V,
†Kn Rj‡mPb K‡i, †Kn-ev AwMœcwiPh©v K‡i| H AvU w`b ga¨‡`‡k
wngcvZ nBZ| GZ kxZ nB‡jI Zvnv‡ì Hiƒc Kwievi KviY Zvnv‡ì
wek¦vm Z`ªƒc AwaK kx‡Z mœvb Kwi‡j ïw× jvf nq|
fMevb wè¨P‡¶ Dnv †`wL‡jb Ges R‡j mœvb Kwi‡j ïw× nq ewjqv
†h wek¦vm Dnv KzgvM©, Dnv‡Z ïw× jvf nq bv, Avh© Aóvw½K gvM© Ges
cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv` a‡g© ÁvbB ïw×i Dcvq—fMevb Dnv h_vh_ eywSqv‡Qb,
Zvnv m¤ú~Y© AeMZ nBqv ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY Kwi‡jb :
hwÌ A‡bK evi—mœvb K‡i R‡j †Kv‡bv Rb,
Z_vwc †m D`‡K‡Z—ïwP bvwn nq Zvi gb;
mZ¨ Avi ag© huvi Av‡Q—wZwb ïwP wZwbB eªvþY| beg|
10. evwnq m~Î

†kÖôxwbwg©Z †RZeb wenv‡i evm Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| ZrKv‡j evwnq `viæPxwiq
1
[umjяjя& n ( +. +. .)]
2
[+ ( +.)]

a`
+ `+f c
jя,&।
a3 ! r`+ 2 l+ e& `
k u—‘‘ ` an atg&
n, a& & aDE’’।
a3 ! r`+ F am
at ! r`+ ` `kDE
! r`+ 0; u 0t !& r`+&
e`—‘‘ t&, !, a, atg& n।
2 t t& a a 1 atg&
n’’।
‘‘a3 ` an atg&
n’’? ‘‘at, !, ut я 2 t &। t

e a& m md। , !,

a ` at ` "m& +’’।
bv‡g GK Zvcm mgy`ªZx‡i myàviK bvgK ¯’v‡b evm Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| wZwb

Z_vq eû‡jv‡Ki †MŠie-mrKvi, c~Rv-m¤§vb I †mev-ïkÖƒlv jvf
Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb; Ges h‡_ó Pxei, wcÐcvZ, kqbvmb I Ila-c_¨vw`
cvB‡ZwQ‡jb| ZrKv‡j GKw`b evwnq `viæPxwiq wbR©‡b ewmqv a¨vb
Kwievi mgq g‡b g‡b GBiƒc fvwe‡Z jvwM‡jb : Ô†jv‡K hw` †Kv‡bv
An©r ev An©Ë¡gvM©jvfx e¨w³ _v‡Kb, Avwg Zuvnv‡ìB GKRb|Õ
ZLb evwnq `viæPxwi‡qi cÖwZ AbyK¤úKvix, wn‰Zlx cyi‡bv ÁvwZ-
†èZv wP‡Ëi Øviv Zuvnvi wPËweZK© Rvwbqv Zuvnvi wbK‡U Avwmqv
ewj‡jb, Ô†n evwnq, Zzwg An©rI bI Ges An©Ë¡gvM©jvfxI bI| †Zvgvi
Ggb DcvqI (cÖwZc`v ev gvM©) bvB †h, Zzwg An©r nB‡Z cvi wKsev
An©Ë¡gvM©jvfx nB‡Z cvi|Õ
Zvnv ïwbqv evwnq `viæPxwiq †èZv‡K wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, Ô†n †è‡Z,
Z‡e Ggb †K Av‡Qb whwb An©r ev An©Ë¡gvM©jvfx?Õ
†èZv : Ô†n evwnq, DËi Rbc‡` kÖve¯Íx bv‡g GK bMi Av‡Q,
Z_vq
1
[a ( @. .)]
2
[я ( +.)]

a3 ! r`+ &я
p5 k। bt et t я&
a3f Q 0। mh

,- ab `0n। a3 ! r`+
,-
0; u 0t
,- e`—‘‘& ,
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b¨vq KK©k ev‡Kï Øviv Av‡µvk, MvjvMvwj, wnsmv I `ytL cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z
Avi¤¢ Kwiqv‡Q|
Cl©vcÖK…wZ Zxw_©qw`‡Mi GBiƒc `yivPvi wew`Z nBqv fMevb ZrKv‡j
GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY Kwi‡jb :
MÖv‡g wKsev Ai‡Y¨ myL-`ytL jwfqv,
bv fvweI ¯^K…Z ev ciK…Z ewjqv|
myL-`ytL¯úk©—¯‹‡Üi Kvi‡Y,
wbiæcwa R‡b Zvnv ciwk‡e †Kg‡b? PZz_|©
5. DcvmK m~Î
ZrKv‡j B”Qvb½j MÖv‡gi GKRb DcvmK †Kv‡bv Kvh© Dcj‡¶ kÖve¯Íx‡Z
Dcw¯’Z nBqvwQj| †m Z_vq ¯^xq KZ©e¨ †kl Kwiqv fMev‡bi wbKU
Dcw¯’Z nBj Ges Zuvnv‡K e›`bv Kwiqv GKcÖv‡šÍ ewmj| ZLb fMevb
Zvnv‡K ewj‡jb, ÔDcvmK, A‡bK w`‡bi ci Avwm‡j †h?Õ DcvmK ewjj,
Ôf‡šÍ, Avwg eûw`b nB‡Z fMevb‡K `k©b Kwievi Rb¨ B”Qv
†cvlY

‘‘`2&,
n,
n& u 0, a
`& ` ` cF+ !@2। e& ,&
n&
u 0’’n।
a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
‘‘ & d,
C"m !h ।
d& DE&,
я яs& 2!nr’’ d&।
6. b+ t&
16.
16 e& &—e& &
t& я
a3f Q। aDE
bя F я b+ uяDE। a3
Kwi‡ZwQjvg; wKš‘ †Kv‡bv-bv-†Kv‡bv KZ©e¨K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ _vKvq

fMevb‡K `k©b Kwievi Rb¨ Avwm‡Z cvwi bvB|
`yj©f ey× DrcwËKv‡j `yj©f gbyl¨Rb¥ jvf KwiqvI KvgbveûjZvi
Rb¨ Kvgy‡Kiv ey×c~Rv-ag©kÖeYvw` cyY¨Kv‡h©i Aemi cvq bv; wKš‘ wb®‹vg
e¨w³iv wbZ¨B H mKj mrKv‡h© my‡hvM cvBqv _v‡Kb—GB A_© fMevb
me©‡Zvfv‡e AeMZ nBqv ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY Kwi‡jb :
†Kv‡bv wel‡qi cÖwZ Z…òv huvi bvwn fe gv‡S—
GKvšÍB myLx wZwb, eûkÖæZ, K…ZKvh© Kv‡R|
Z…òvhyZ †jvK †`L, GKRb Ac‡ii cÖwZ,
nBqv Avm³wPË `ytL‡fvM Kwi‡Z‡Q AwZ| cÂg|
6. Mwf©Yx m~Î
16. kÖe¯Íx-wb`vb :
ZrKv‡j GK cwieªvR‡Ki ZiæYx fvh©v Mwf©Yx nBqvwQj| cÖm‡ei mgq
Avmbœ nB‡j †mB cwieªvwRKv cwieªvRK‡K ewjj, Ô†n eªvþY, ˆZj jBqv
Avm; hvnv‡Z Avgvi mšÍvb cÖme nB‡j DcKvi nB‡e|Õ
bя & bя& e`—‘‘c t&, bhF,

& Q, & я
+’’।
e& 6t, bя & bя& e`—‘‘
&,
1, & Q+’’? dm bя &
bя& e`—‘‘c t&, bhF, & Q, &
я
+’’। dm bя &
bя& e`—‘‘ &,
, & Q+’’?
m bя & bя& e`—‘‘c t&,
bhF, & Q, & я
+’’।
DE 7$
F bhF p t& & +2,
+&।
a3 bя e —‘‘DE
7$ F bhF p
t& & +, +&। &-& DE
7$& nt t& t y&
Qnt ucdt3 @&, & i я
+’’।
GBiƒc ewj‡j †mB cwieªvRK H cwieªvwRKv‡K ewjj, Ôf‡`ª, Avwg

ˆZj †Kv_vq cvBe?Õ cwieªvwRKv Z_vwc cybt cybt ˆZj Avwb‡Z ewjj|
ZrKv‡j †KvkjivR cÖ‡mbwRr Zuvnvi Lv`¨fvÐvi nB‡Z kÖgY-eªvþYMY‡K
h‡_”Qv N„Z I ˆZj cvb Kwi‡Z w`‡Zb; wKš‘ jBqv hvB‡Z w`‡Zb bv|
†mB cwieªvRK fvwej, fvÐviN‡i cÖPzi cwigv‡Y ˆZj cvb Kwij; wKš‘ M„‡n
wdwiqv Avwmqv egbI Kwi‡Z cvwij bv, we‡iPbI [nRgI] Kwi‡Z cvwij bv|
†m Zxeª K‡Vvi I welg `ytL cvB‡Z jvwMj| †m `yt‡L Aaxi nBqv Gcvk-
Icvk, DjyU-cyjU Kwi‡Z [MovMwo w`‡Z] jvwMj| fMevb c~e©v‡nè AšÍe©vm
cwiavbc~e©K cvÎPxei jBqv kÖve¯Íx‡Z wf¶v Kwievi mgq Zvnvi H
`y`©kv
a3 bя DE
1
[
( @. +. .)]
2
[@ ( +. .)]
3
[ugt ( +. @. +.), uct ( +. @. a7$.), uct (.)]

7$& nt t& t y& Qnt k
ud& &, a"। d, b1 2
H7$ Q ।
a3
bI & t t`+ t&
f । ad
& bя& d, b
2 H7$& Q& &।
a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
‘‘ ad,
g я ad।
d& DE&,
я яs& 2!n`t’’2 n7$&।
7. et t&
17.
17 e& &—e& &
t& я
a3f Q।
aDE
†`wL‡jb|
Kvgy‡Ki †fvR‡b AÁZv‡nZz `ytL nq; wKš‘ wb®‹v‡gi nq bv—fMevb GB
A_© m¤ú~Y© AeMZ nBqv ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY Kwi‡jb :
†Kv‡bv wel‡qi cÖwZ Z…òv bvB hvnv‡ì f‡e,
GKvšÍB myLx Zviv Avh©gvM©‡e`Ávb j‡f|
Z…òvhyZ †jvK—†`L GKRb Ac‡ii cÖwZ,
nBqv Avm³wPË, `ytL‡fvM Kwi‡Z‡Q AwZ| lô|
7. GKcyÎ m~Î
ZrKv‡j †Kv‡bv GK Dcvm‡Ki GKgvÎ wcÖq-g‡bvÁ cyÎ g„Zz¨gy‡L cwZZ
nq| ZLb eû DcvmK wfRv Kvc‡o wfRv Pz‡j w`b-`ycy‡i fMev‡bi
wbKU
1
[p ( @.)]
2
[2!d`t ( @.), 2!nr (?)]

u et 0 ।
a3 mh u alt al
0& ; u 0t

n& a
t en&
+& । en& n u
e`—‘‘&
5, u , alt al i"- 0n
’’?
e& 6t, u
n& e`—‘‘{& ,
n,
et 0। & alt al
i"- 0n ’’।
a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
‘‘r " 1, 3 `।
ay яn, cя & cn
‘‘ ` t `, apt яn r&।
Fn ay-&, c Q & dt’’n t&।
Dcw¯’Z nBqvwQj| Zvnviv fMevb‡K e›`bv Kwiqv GKcv‡k¦© ewm‡j

fMevb Zvnvw`M‡K ewj‡jb, Ô†n DcvmKMY, †Zvgiv wfRv Kvc‡o wfRv
Pz‡j w`b-`ycy‡i †Kb GLv‡b AvwmqvQ?Õ
ZLb †mB DcvmK fMevb‡K ewjj, f‡šÍ, Avgvi GKgvÎ wcÖq-g‡bvÁ
cy‡Îi g„Zz¨ nBqv‡Q| ZvB Avgiv wfRv Kvc‡o wfRv Pz‡j w`b-`ycy‡i
GLv‡b AvwmqvwQ| wcÖqe¯‘i cÖwZ g‡bi †h Uvb ZvnvB `ytL, †Kbbv †mB
wcÖ‡qi mwnZ hLb we‡”Q` nB‡Z nq, ZLb Zvnv cÖv‡Y Avi mn¨ nq bv;
wKš‘ hvnviv msmv‡i wcÖqe¯‘i cÖwZ Avmw³wenxb, Zvnv‡ì wcÖqwe‡”Q‡`
`ytL‡eva nq bvZ`_© fMevb me©cÖKv‡i wew`Z nBqv ZrKv‡j GB
¶wYK-gayi g‡bvi‡g MÖw_Z gvbe-†è eû,
`ytwLZ wbnxb n‡q Zviv †h‡Z‡Q giY ivRe‡k|
wèm-iRbx ¯§„wZ‡hv‡M Z¨wR‡Q gayi Kvg hviv,
Zvnviv `y¯Íi hg‡fvM, Kwi‡Q Lbb `ytLg~j| mßg|
1
[r " ( +. +.)]

8. p t&
18 e& &—e& &
f&1
18.
f"2। p "+ t
b& "। t& -kb d, b 2
H7$ + k a" —‘‘ m md
i er d, "m& ; p2n

i er d,
2n; & & b& t& er& d,&
&jя+’’।
a3 p "+ & Qn —‘‘e t&,
a@t,
0; u 0t `

n; ap!"& ap0& h7$& !& H &
c—‘ p ,
n, "+
n;
ap!"& ap0& h7$& !& H & c+’।
ed
8. mycÖevmv m~Î
18. Avwg GBiƒc ïwbqvwQ—GKmgq fMevb KzwÐKv‡Z KzÐavb e‡b evm
Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| ZrKv‡j †KvwjqKb¨v mycÖevmv mvZ ermi Mf©aviY Kwiqv,
mßvn awiqv hš¿Yvq Aw¯’i wQj| †m Zxeª K‡Vvi `ytmn †e`bvq cxwoZv
nBqv wZb cÖKv‡ii weZK© Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z Zvnv mn¨ Kwi‡ZwQj : ÔGKvšÍB
†mB fMevb mg¨Km¤^y× whwb GBiƒc `ytL cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ ag©‡`kbv
K‡ib| GKvšÍB myc_Mvgx Zuvnvi wkl¨ wf¶zMY huvnviv GBiƒc `ytL
cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ h_vag© AvPiY Kwi‡Z‡Qb| GKvšÍB my‡Li †mB wbe©vY,
hvnv‡Z GBiƒc `ytL bvB|Õ
AbšÍi mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨v ¯^vgx‡K m‡¤^vab Kwiqv ewjj, ÔAvh©cyÎ,
Avcwb fMev‡bi Kv‡Q hvBqv (Avgvi nBqv) Avwg e›`bv Kwi‡ZwQ ewjqv
AebZwk‡i fMev‡bi c‡` e›`bv Kiæb| wZwb my‡L Av‡Qb wK bv, Zuvnvi
†ivMvw` fq bvB wK bv, my¯’ kix‡i my‡L-¯^”Q‡›` Kvjhvcb Kwi‡Z‡Qb
1
[f& ( +. @. +.)]
2
[f7$ ( @. +.)]

wK
—‘ p ,
n, "+ t b& "।
t& -k b d, b 2 H7$
+ k a" — m md
i
er d, "m& ; p2n
i er d, 2n;

& & b& t& er& d,& &jя+’’’।
‘‘’’n t p "+
2 t
0; u 0t
n& a
t
en& +। en& n t
n&
e`—‘‘ p ,
n, "+

n, ap!"& ap0& h7$& !& H & c; ed
—‘ p ,
n, "+ t b& "।
t& -k b d, b 2 H7$
+ k a" — m md

i
bv, wRÁvmv Kiæb Ges ejyb : Ôf‡šÍ, †KvwjqKb¨v mycÖevmv mvZ ermi
e¨vwcqv Mf©aviY Kwi‡Z‡Q| †m GK mßvn ch©šÍ hš¿Yvq Aw¯’i nBqv‡Q|
†m Zxeª K‡Vvi welg `yt‡L cxwoZv nBqv iZœÎ‡qi ¸Y weZK© [wPšÍv] Kwi‡Z
Kwi‡Z Zvnv mn¨ Kwi‡Z‡Q . . . (c~e©er)|
ÔAv”QvÕ ewjqv †mB †KvwjqcyÎ mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨vi Kv‡Q ¯^xKvi
Kwiqv fMev‡bi wbKU Dcw¯’Z nBj| Zrci fMevb‡K e›`bv Kwiqv
GKcv‡k¦© ewmqv ewj‡Z jvwMj, f‡šÍ, mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨v fMev‡bi
kÖxPi‡Y AebZwk‡i e›`bv Kwi‡Z‡Q| †m fMev‡bi Av‡ivM¨, wbf©qZv I
myL-¯^”Q›`Zv wRÁvmv Kwi‡Z‡Q Ges ewj‡Z‡Q, f‡šÍ, mycÖevmv
†KvwjqKb¨v mvZ ermi Mf©aviY Kwiqv mvZ w`b hš¿Yvq Aw¯’i wQj|
GLb AZ¨šÍ Zxeª K‡Vvi welg `yt‡L cxwoZv nBqv wZb cÖKv‡ii weZ‡K©i
Øviv Zvnv mn¨ Kwi‡Z‡Q, ÔGKvšÍB †mB fMevb mg¨Km¤^y× whwb GBiƒc
(Mf©‡e`bv) `ytL cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ ag©‡`kbv Kwi‡Z‡Qb| GKvšÍB
fMev‡bi wkl¨ wf¶zmsN myc_Mvgx, huvnviv GBiƒc `ytL cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨
h_vag© AvPiY Kwi‡Z‡Q| †mB wbe©vY GKvšÍB myLgq, hvnv‡Z GB

cÖKv‡ii `ytL bvB|Õ
ÔmycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨v mywLbx, wb‡ivwMbx nBqv wb‡ivM cyÎ cÖme
KiæK!Õ
er d, "m& ; p2n
i er d, 2n;

& b& t& er& d,& &jя+’’’।
‘‘ + p "+; a a& t&
я-’’। ` `
p "+ +
a a& t& я।
‘‘e&,
n’’ t

&
a
nt at u7$
n& a
t ,F&
t & y& c । ad t
p & "+& & a& a& t& я&।
s e —‘‘ac& ,
, ab& ,
,
3 d
, t & p
"+ ` ` 1
+ a a& t&
я +’’! at + я a ।
ewjqv Avkxe©v` KwievgvÎ †m mywLbx, wb‡ivwMbx nBqv wb‡ivM cyÎ cÖme

Kwij|
Ômvay f‡šÍÕ ewjqv †mB †KvwjqcyÎ fMev‡bi Avkxe©v` Awfb›`b I
Aby‡gv`b Kwiqv Avmb nB‡Z DwVqv fMevb‡K Awfev`bc~e©K cÖ`w¶Y
Kwiqv ¯^xq M„‡n wdwiqv Avwmj|
†KvwjqcyÎ mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨v wb‡ivwMbx nBqv wb‡ivM cyÎ cÖme
Kwiqv‡Q †`wLqv †m fvwej, A‡nv, KZB Avðh© Z_vM‡Zi gnvFw×gšÍZv
I gnvkw³gšÍZv! GgbwK mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨v mywLbx nDK! ejvgvÎB
mywLbx, wb‡ivwMbx nBqv wb‡ivM cyÎ cÖme Kwiqv‡Q|Õ Dnv fvweqv †m mš‘ó,
Avbw›`Z I cÖxwZ-cÖdzjøwPË nBj| AbšÍi mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨v ¯^vgx‡K
WvwKqv ewjj, Ô†n Avh©cyÎ, Avcwb fMev‡bi wbKU Mgb Kiæb, hvBqv
Avgvi K_vq fMev‡bi kÖxPi‡Y e›`bv Kwi‡eb Ges ewj‡eb, f‡šÍ,
mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨v mvZ ermi Mf©aviY Kwiqv GK mßvn hš¿Yvq Aw¯’i
1
[ ` (+.), ` (?)]

wQj| †m GLb mywLbx, wb‡ivwMbx nBqv wb‡ivM cyÎ cÖme Kwiqv‡Q| †m
mßvnKvj ey× cÖgyL wf¶zmsN‡K wcÐ`vb Kwi‡Z Pvq| f‡šÍ
fMevb,
a3 p "+ & Qn —‘‘e t&,
a@t,
0; u 0t `

n—‘ p ,
n, "+

n+’; ed —‘ p ,
n, "+ t
b& "। t& -kb e + a
a& t& я। t& !dp&
, &
t
n। a" ,
n,
p "+ t
t d&
, ’’’।
‘‘’’n t p "+
2 t
0; u 0t
n& a
t
en& +। en& n t
n&
e`—
‘‘ p ,
n, "+
n; ed
—‘ p ,
n, "+ t b& "।
t& -kb e + a a& t& я।
t& !dp&
, &
t n। a" ,
n,
p "+ t
t d&
, ’’’।
wf¶zms‡Ni mwnZ mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨vi mvZ w`‡bi wbgš¿Y MÖnY Kiæb|Õ

†m Ô†ek fv‡jvÕ ewjqv ¯^xK…Z nBqv fMev‡bi wbKU Mgbc~eK © e›`bv
Kwij I Dc‡i Kw_Z g‡Z fMevb‡K wbgš¿Y Kwij|
Aci GKRb DcvmK †mB mgq ey× cÖgyL wf¶zmsN‡K wbgš¿Y
KwiqvwQj| †mB DcvmKwU Avqy®§vb gnv‡gv˜Mjøvq‡bi `vqK| fMevb
Avqy®§vb gnv‡gv˜Mjøvqb‡K ewj‡jb, †n †gv˜Mjøvqb, †mB Dcvm‡Ki Kv‡Q
hvBqv GBiƒc e‡jv : mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨v mvZ ermi Mwf©Zve¯’vq _vwKqv
mvZ w`b hš¿Yvq Aw¯’i nBqvwQj| †m GLb mywLbx, wb‡ivwMbx nBqv
wb‡ivM cyÎ cÖme Kwiqv‡Q| Zvnv‡K ey× cÖgyL wf¶zmsN‡K wcÐ`vb Kwievi
my‡hvM cÖ`vb Kiv nDK| †Zvgvi †mB DcvmK †k‡l wcÐ`vb Kwi‡e| Ônu¨v
f‡šÍÕ ewjqv Avqy®§vb gnv‡gv˜Mjøvqb fMevb‡K cÖZz¨Ëi w`qv †mB

Dcvm‡Ki evwo‡Z Mgb Kwi‡jb; wMqv DcvmK‡K ewj‡jb, †n DcvmK,
mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨v mvZ ermi Mwf©bx _vwKqv mßvnKvj hš¿Yvq Aw¯’i
wQj| †m
aDE u !dp
,
s
t n । ` u Qs
gl 1 u7$ । a3
Qsn&
gl& Qn —‘‘e t&, gl, u
0; u 0t & u & e& —‘ p , Q6 ,
"+ t b& " । t& -kb e
+ a a& t& я। t& !dp&
, &
t n। p "+ t

t, c t&
+’2 { u7$’’।
‘‘e&,
n’’ Qs gl
2 t
u 0; u 0t & u & e`—
‘‘ p , Q6 , "+ t b& "। t&
-k b e + a a& t& я। t&
!dp&
, &
t n। p "+ t
t, c t& +’’।

‘‘ ` ,
n, a@ gl & "m& 2
—

d я+ ` d `, p "+ t
t,
c& +’’। ‘‘dn& a&3, Q6 , "m&
2
—
d я+ `। d t& 2
’’।
GLb mywLbx, wb‡ivwMbx nBqv wb‡ivM cyÎ cÖme Kwiqv mßvnKvj ey× cÖgyL
wf¶zmsN‡K wcÐ`vb Kwi‡Z wbgš¿Y Kwiqv‡Q| Zvnvi mvZ w`‡bi wbgš¿Y
M„nxZ nDK| Zzwg †k‡l wcÐ`vb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e| Ôhw` Avh© gnv‡gv˜Mjøvqb
Avgvi †fvMm¤úwË, Rxeb I kÖ×v—GB wZbwU wel‡qi cÖwZf‚ (Rvwgb)
nb; Z‡e myceÖ vmv †KvwjqKb¨v GLb wcÐ`vb KiæK| Avwg wc‡Q Kwie|
†mB wZbwU Kx Kx?
1
[g (.)]
2
[ + DE (.)]।
3
[dn& & (+.), dn& & (.)]

(1) Avgvi †fvMm¤úwËi †hb †Kv‡bv AšÍivq bv nq|
(2) Avgvi Rxe‡bi †hb †Kv‡bv AšÍivq bv N‡U|
‘‘ ` ,
n, a@ gl dn& "m& 2
—

d я+ `, p "+ t
t,
c& +’’।
a3 Qs gl & u & DEt
0; u 0t

n& e`—‘‘ DEt1,
n, u ; p "+ t

t,
c +’’।
a3 p "+ t& !dp&
, &
F+ +
я+ t np m , d
&
n& n bd
, &।
a3 Qs t & & e`—‘‘c ,
, +&, c +&, c d d,’’n? ‘‘ ,
n t, +&, +&! t

m& 6t+’’।
(3) Avgvi kÖ×v †hb n«vm bv cvq|

Ô†n DcvmK, Avwg †Zvgvi Rxeb I †fvMm¤úwËi cÖwZf‚ nBjvg|
kÖ×vi Rb¨ ZzwgB `vqx|Õ Ôhw` f‡šÍ gnv‡gv˜Mjøvqb, Avcwb m¤úwË I
Rxeb GB `yBwU wel‡qi Rb¨ `vqx nb; Z‡e mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨v
mßvnKvj wcÐ`vb KiæK| Avwg wc‡Q Kwie|
AZtci Avqy®§vb gnv‡gv˜Mjøvqb Dcvm‡Ki mwnZ GB K_v w¯’i Kwiqv
fMev‡bi wbKU Avwm‡jb Ges Zuvnv‡K ewj‡jb, f‡šÍ, DcvmK‡K
ewjqvwQ| mycÖevmv mvZ w`b wcÐ`vb KiæK| †mB DcvmK †k‡l w`‡e|
wbw`©ó w`‡b mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨v hver ÔAvi bv, Avi bvÕ ewjqv wb‡la
Kwij bv, Zver ¯^n‡¯Í ey× cÖgyL wf¶zmsN‡K cwi‡ekb I cwiZzó Kwij
Ges †Q‡ji Øviv fMevb I wf¶zmsN‡K e›`bv KivBj|
Avqy®§vb mvwicyÎ †Q‡jwU‡K wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, Ôerm, †Zvgvi Mf©evm
mn¨ nBqvwQj wK? Zzwg M‡f© my‡L hvcb Kwi‡Z cvwiqvwQ‡j wK? †Zvgvi
1
[ DE ( @.)]

†Kv‡bv `ytL nq bvB †Zv?Õ †Q‡j ewjj, Ôf‡šÍ, Avgvi Kxiƒ‡c mn¨ nB‡e!
a3 p "+—‘‘t "m d&
n+’’ at + я a । a3

( p & +"+& at& & + я& t1
p & "+& e`—‘‘ic@ t&, p ,
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1
[ &
, ajяg (a. . 8.20)]
2
[& ( +. @. .)]

†`wLqv

,1, d d ac ab "m, & s s
a d a
n।
‘‘ `&,
,, d F & । &
d & F& & p2 +& , 3&
u । m,
,, d F & , &
d & F& & p +& 3&
u ; a&,
,, d ac ab
"m, & s s a d a
n।
‘‘ `&,
,, ` , @3&—r
a`+
- +, d& t3 яn t;
‘ d’ t C& cn। m,
,, ` ,
@3&—r a`+
- + d& t яn
t, ‘ d’ t C& cn; a&,
,,
d `t ac ab "m, & s s a
d a
n।
†`wLqv Amy‡iiv gnvmgy‡`ª AwfiwgZ nq|

(3) wf¶zMY, cybt gnvmgy`ª giv-cuPvi mwnZ evm K‡i bv| †Kv‡bv
giv-cuPv gnvmgy‡`ª cwo‡j Dnv‡K kxNªB Zx‡i jBqv Av‡m, ¯’‡j Zzwjqv
†`q| gnvmgy`ª †h giv-cuPvi mwnZ evm K‡i bv, †Kv‡bv giv-cuPv cwo‡j
kxNª Dnv‡K Zx‡i jBqv Av‡m, ¯’‡j Zzwjqv †`q| wf¶zMY, BnvI
gnvmgy‡`ªi Z…Zxq Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv †`wLqv Amy‡iiv
gnvmgy‡`ª AwfiwgZ nq|
(4) wf¶zMY, cybt M½v, hgybv, APieZx, mif‚, gnx cÖf…wZ
gnvb`xmKj gnvmgy‡`ª wgwjZ nBqv Zvnv‡ì c~‡e©i bvg-†MvÎ Z¨vM K‡i
Ges gnvmgy‡`ª MY¨ nq| GB †h M½v, hgybv, AwPieZx, mif‚, gnx cÖf…wZ
gnvb`xmKj gnvmgy‡`ª Avwmqv c~‡e©i bvg-†MvÎ Z¨vM K‡i, gnvmgy`ª
ewjqvB cwiwPZ nq, wf¶zMY, BnvI gnvmgy‡`ªi PZz_© Avðh©-A™¢zZ
1
[am ( bt)]
2
[pDE ( +.), p& (.)]
3
[t ( @. +. .)]

ag©—
‘‘ `&,
,, ` n d& apn,
` an, " n, d t& -t&
DE। m,
,, ` n d& apn,
` an, " n, md t& -t&
DE; a&,
,, d d ac ab
"m, & s s a d a
n।
‘‘ `&,
,, d e F । m,

,, d e F ; a&,
,, d
n7$ ac ab "m, & s s a d
a
n।
‘‘ `&,
,, d !h a।
t , @3&—t F C
& я& яr& r l&। m,
,,
d !h a, t , @3&—
t F C & я& яr& r1
l&;
hvnv †`wLqv †`wLqv Amy‡iiv gnvmgy‡`ª AwfiwgZ nq|

(5) wf¶zMY, cybt b`xmKj gnvmgy‡`ª †h Rj jBqv Av‡Q, Avi
AvKvk nB‡Z †h e„wó c‡o, Z`&Øviv gnvmgy‡`ªi EbZv ev c~Y©Zv †`Lv hvq
bv| b`xmKj gnvmgy‡`ª †h Rj jBqv Av‡m, Avi AvKvk nB‡Z †h e„wó
c‡o, Z`&Øviv gnvmgy‡`ªi EbZv ev c~Y©Zv †`Lv hvq bv, wf¶zMY, GBwUI
gnvmgy‡`ªi cÂg Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv †`wLqv Amy‡iiv
AwfiwgZ nq|
(6) wf¶zMY, cybt gnvmgy‡`ªi me©Î GK im—jeY im| gnvmgy‡`ªi
†h me©Î GK im—jeY im, wf¶zMY, GBwUI gnvmgy‡`ªi lô Avðh©
A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv Pvwnqv Pvwnqv Amy‡iiv gnvmgy‡`ª AwfiwgZ nq|
(7) wf¶zMY, cybt gnvmgy‡`ª eûwea iZœ A‡bK Av‡Q; h_v : gy³v,
gwY, ê`yh,© k•L, wkjv, cÖevj, †iŠc¨, myeY©, cÙivM-gwY, B›`ªbxj-gwb,
1
[ 0 ( +. +.), (?)]

gnvmgy‡`ª †h eûwea iZœ Av‡Q; h_v : gy³v, gwY, ê`yh,© k•L, wkjv,
cÖevj,
a&,
,, d t ac ab "m, & s
s a d a
n।
‘‘ `&,
,, d &
-& Q । t
-— r r1 a nb। n

d я at
, dя at
,
я at
, `я at
,
dя at
। m,
,, d &
-&
Q , t
-— r r a
nb, n d я at
dя
at
... ... dя at
; a&,
,, d
a7$ ac ab "m, & s s a d
a
n। i ,
,, a7$ d ac ab "m
s s a d a
n।
‘‘e ,
,, is& "m a7$ ac ab "m,
s s
,- is& "m a
n। a7$?
†iŠc¨, myeY©, cÙivMgwY, B›`ªbxjgwY| wf¶zMY, GBwUI gnvmgy‡`ªi mßg

Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv †`wLqv Amy‡iiv gnvmgy‡`ª AwfiwgZ nq|
(8) wf¶zMY, cybt gnvmgy`ª gnv gnv cÖvYxM‡Yi evm¯’vb| †mB
cÖvYxmKj; h_v : wZwg grm¨, wZwg½j grm¨, wZwgiwc½j grm¨, Amyi,
bvM I MÜe©| gnvmgy‡`ª GKkZ †hvRb `xN© cÖvYxI Av‡Q; `yBkZ,
wZbkZ, PvwikZ, cuvPkZ †hvRb `xN© cÖvYxI Av‡Q| wf¶zMY, gnvmgy‡`ª
†h gnv gnv cÖvYxM‡Yi evm¯’vb; h_v : wZwg gvQ, wZwg½j, wZwgiwc½j,
Amyi, bvM I MÜe©, kZ †hvRb cÖvYx, `yB, wZb, Pvwi, cuvPkZ †hvRb `xN©
cÖvYxiI evm¯’vb; GBwU gnvmgy‡`ªi Aóg Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv
†`wLqv Amy‡iiv gnvmgy‡`ª AwfiwgZ nq|
†n wf¶zMY, GB cÖKviB GB ag©-web‡q AvUwU Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©

Av‡Q—hvnv †`wLqv †`wLqv wf¶ziv GB ag©-web‡q AwfiwgZ nq| †mB
1
[ r r ( +. +., a. . 8.19)]

AvUwU Kx Kx?
‘‘ @3,
,, d abn abF
ab b, Q ; e ,
,,
is& "m ab , ab ab2,
Q aDE2"। m,
,, is& "m
ab , ab ab2, Q
aDE2"; a&,
,, is& "m $ ac
ab "m, & s s
,- is& "m a
n।
‘‘ @3,
,, d $"m & t; e
,
,, & & ,& DEt& &
я+ kn। m,
,, & ,&
DEt& & я+ kn; a&,
,,
is& "m d ac ab "m, & s s
,-
is& "m a
n।
‘‘ @3,
,, d F & ; &
d & F& & p +& ,
3&
(1) wf¶zMY, gnvmgy`ª †hgb µgwbgœ, µgMfxi, µgk AMva M¤¢xi—

nVvr cÖcv‡Zi g‡Zv AwZ Mfxi b‡n, †mB cÖKvi GB ag©-web‡qI µwgK
wk¶v, µwgK Kvh©, µwgK AvPiY; (GB ag©-web‡qi mwnZ cwiPq nB‡Z
bv nB‡ZB) nVvr An©Ë¡ jvf nq bv| GB ag©-web‡q †h µwgK wk¶v,
µwgK Kvh©, µwgK AvPiY; nVvr An©Ë¡ jvf nq bv| wf¶zMY, GBwU GB
ag©-web‡q cÖ_g Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv †`wLqv wf¶zMY GB ag©-
web‡q AwfiwgZ (we‡klfv‡e Abyi³) nq|
(2) wf¶zMY, †hgb gnvmgy`ª w¯’i¯^fvewewkó| KL‡bv Zxi AwZµg
K‡i bv| GBiƒc Avgvi (M„nx ev wf¶z) kÖveKM‡Yi Rb¨ Avwg †hB
wk¶vc` wb‡`©k KwiqvwQ Zvnv Avgvi wkl¨MY Rxe‡bi RbÏ j•Nb K‡i
bv| Avgvi kÖveKMY †h Avgvi wbw`©ó wk¶vc` Rxeb i¶vi RbÏ j•Nb
K‡i bv, GBwUI GB ag©-web‡q wØZxq Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv
†`wLqv wf¶zMY GB ag©-web‡q AwfiwgZ nq|
(3) wf¶zMY, †hgb gnvmgy`ª giv-cuPvi mwnZ evm K‡i bv, †Kv‡bv
giv-cuPv cwo‡j Zvnv‡K kxNªB Zx‡i Av‡b, Kz‡ji Dci Zzwjqv †`q|

wf¶zMY, GBiƒc †h e¨w³ `ytkxj, cvcx, fxZ-kw¼ZwP‡Ë MgbKvix,
u ; e ,
,, g d + "m
a ` 0 ` 2cnmn a F F2DE
abh`+ bh`2DE an- a mя,
& ; a3 & p nt u,। d
j
, n, a3 Q 5,
` । m,
,, g d + "m
a ` 0 ` 2cnmn a F F2DE
abh`+ bh`2DE an- a mя,
& ; p & nt u,। d
j
, n, a3 Q 5,
` ; a&,
,, is& "m ac
ab "m, & s s
,- is& "m a
n।
‘‘ @3,
,, ` , @3&—r
a`+
- + d& t яn t,
‘ d’ t C& cn; e ,
,, `t —
t, bhF, , d 3p "m as
a& bяt1 яn t,
‘ F
†Mvc‡b cvcKg©iZ, kÖgY bv nBqvI kÖgY ewjqv cwiPq cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z‡Q,

eªþPvix bv nBqvI eªþPvix ewjqv cwiPq w`‡Z‡Q, wfZ‡i cuPv, ivM
(KvgivM)-hy³, AveR©bvm`„k, Zvnvi mwnZ msN mnevm K‡i bv; ciš‘
GKwÎZ nBqv kxNªB Zvnv‡K ms‡Ni ev (mgv‡Ri) evwni Kwiqv iv‡L,
hwÌ †m wf¶zms‡Ni ga¨¯’‡j e‡m, Z_vwc †m msN nB‡Z `~‡iB iwnqv‡Q,
msNI Zvnvi wbKU nB‡Z `~‡i| wf¶zMY, GBwUI GB ag©-web‡q Z…Zxq
Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv †`wLqv wf¶zMY GB ag©-web‡q AwfiwgZ
nq|
(4) wf¶zMY, †hgb M½v, hgybv, AwPieZx, mif‚, gnx cÖf…wZ
gnvb`xmKj gnvmgy‡`ª Avwmqv c~‡e©i bvg-†MvÎ cwiZ¨vM K‡i, gnvmgy‡`ªi
g‡a¨B cwiMwYZ nq, Z`ªƒc ¶wÎq, eªvþY, êk¨ I k~`— ª GB Pvwi RvZxq
1
[bя (. +.)]

†jvK Z_vM‡Zi †`wkZ ag©-web‡q AvMvi nB‡Z AbvMv‡i cÖeªw¾Z
nBqv
@t’ t C& cn। m,
,, `t —t,
bhF, , d 3p "m as a&
bяt яn t, ‘ F @t’ t C&
cn; a&,
,, is& "m `t ac ab
"m, & s s
,- is& "m a
n।
‘‘ @3,
,, ` n d& apn, `
an, " n, d t& -t&
DE; e ,
,, !- `
,- a
b" bn, b" t& -t&
DE। m,
,, !- `
,- a
b" bn, b" t& -t&
DE; a&,
,, is& "m d ac ab
"m, & s s
,- is& "m a
n।
‘‘ @3,
,, d e F ; e ,

,, a& "m e t । m,
,, a&
"m e t ; a&,
,, is& "m n7$
ac ab "m, & s s
,- is& "m
a
n।
c~‡e©i bvg-†MvÎ Z¨vM K‡i Ges kÖgY kvK¨cyÎ bv‡g cwiMwYZ nq|
wf¶zMY, GBwUI GB ag©-web‡q PZz_© Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv
(5) wf¶zMY, †hgb b`xmKj gnvmgy‡`ª †h Rj cÖ`vb K‡i, Avi
AvKvk nB‡Z †h e„wó c‡o, Zvnv‡Z gnvmgy‡`ªi Rj Kwg‡Z ev evwo‡Z
†`Lv hvq bv| wf¶zMY, †mBiƒc eû wf¶z Abycwa‡kl (Dcwa Aewkó bv
iwLqv, cÂ-Dcv`vb¯‹‡Üi wKQyB we`¨gvb bv ivwLqv) wbe©vYavZz‡Z
cwiwbe©vwcZ nB‡jI Zvnv‡Z wbe©vYavZzi EbZv ev c~YZ© v `„ó nq bv|
wf¶zMY, GBwUI GB ag©-web‡q cÂg Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv
(6) wf¶zMY, gnvmgy‡`ªi †hgb me©Î GK †jvbvim, GB ag©-web‡qI
me©Î GK wegyw³im| GB ag©-web‡q †h me©Î GK wegyw³im, BnvI GB

ag©-web‡q lô Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv †`wLqv wf¶zMY GB
ag©-
‘‘ @3,
,, d !h a,
t , @3&—t F C
& я& яr& r l&; e ,
,,
a& "m !h a; t ,
@3&—`t 7$, `t mp", `t id,
dnd, d !, t !jr, a a7$r g।
m,
,, a& "m !h a, t
, @3&—`t 7$, `t mp", `t
id, dnd, d !, t !jr, a a7$r
g; a&,
,, is& "m t ac ab
"m, & s s
,- is& "m a
n।
‘‘ @3,
,, d &
-& Q , t
-— r r a nb, n
web‡q AwfiwgZ nq|

(7) wf¶zMY, gnvmgy‡`ª †hgb gy³v, gwY, k•L, wkjv, cÖevj, †mvbv,
iƒcv, cÙivM-gwY, B›`ªbxj-gwY cÖf…wZ eû i‡Zœi, A‡bK i‡Zœi AvKi|
wf¶zMY, Z`ªƒc GB ag©webqI wewea i‡Zœi AvKi| GB ag©-web‡q iZœmg~n
nB‡Z‡Q :
1| PËv‡iv mwZcU&Vvbv—Pvwi ¯§„wZcÖ¯’vb|
2| PËv‡iv m¤§àavbv—Pvwi mg¨K cÖavb ev mg¨K cÖ‡Póv|
3| PËv‡iv Bw×cv`v—Pvwi Fw×cv` ev Fw× jv‡fi PvwiwU A½|
4| cwÂw›`ªhvwb—kÖ×v, exh©, ¯§„wZ, mgvwa I cÖ‡Áw›`ªq|
5| cÂejvwb—kÖ×vw` cuvP cÖKvi ej|
6| mË †evÀ½vwb—mß †evÀv½ ev m‡¤^vwa jv‡fi mvZwU A½|
7| Awi‡hv AU&Vw½‡Kv g‡¹v—Avh© Aóvw½K gvM©|
wf¶zMY, GB ag©-web‡q †h H mKj eû i‡Zœi, A‡bK i‡Zœi AvKi;
BnvI GB ag©-web‡q mßg Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv †`wLqv
wf¶zMY GB ag©-web‡q AwfiwgZ nq|
(8) wf¶zMY, †hgb gnvmgy`ª wZwg, wZwg½j, wZwgiwc½j, Amyi, bvM,

MÜe©vw` GKkZ †hvRb, `yBkZ, wZbkZ, PvwikZ, cuvPkZ †hvRbcÖgvY
d я at
dя at

я at
`я at

dя at
; e ,
,, a& "m
&
-& Q ; t
-— n,
tH c 2n, , H-
c 2n, a+, a+H c
2n, a, at 2n1। m,
,, a&
"m &
-& Q , t
-— n,
tH- c 2n, +,
H c 2n, a+,
aH c 2n, a, at 2n; a&,

,, is& "m a7$ ac ab "m, & s
s
,- is& "m a
n। i ,
,, is&
"m a7$ ac ab "m, s s
,- is&
"m a
n+’’।
a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
cÖvYxM‡Yi evm¯’vb| Z`ªƒc GB ag©-web‡qI gnv gnv cÖvYxM‡Yi evm¯’vb|

h_v : †mªvZvcbœ, †mªvZvcwËdj jv‡f wbiZ; mK…`vMvgx, mK…`vMvgxdj
jv‡f wbiZ; AbvMvgx, AbvMvgxdj jv‡f wbiZ; An©r I An©Ë¡dj jv‡f
wbiZ| wf¶zMY, GB ag©-webq †h †mªvZvcbœvw` gnv gnv cÖvYxM‡Yi
evm¯’vb, BnvI GB ag©-web‡q Aóg Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv
wf¶zMY, GB ag©-web‡q GB AvUwU Avðh©-A™¢zZ ag©—hvnv †`wLqv
GB ag©-web‡q giv-cuPvi b¨vq `ytkxj e¨w³i mwnZ evm Kiv nq bv,
1
[atH c ( +.)]

GB A_© wew`Z nBqv fMevb ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v ewj‡jb :
‘‘nn , 2& ।
s nn& 3, e& & +’’ d&।
6. F t&
46.
46 e& &—e& &
t& я
a3f Q। Qs c
an+ y1 t b।
F u 2 Qs c u7$ ।
a3 F u 2 2 l+
e& ` k u—‘‘3 3 a@ c
"m& & & a& aj en&
en d& C& bh`& `&। &-& &
ot t act as a&
bя@’’n।
Qv`b Kwi‡j nq AwZ eilY,

Lywjqv ivwL‡j ZZ bv nq el©Y;
ZvB m‡e Av”Qv`b Ki D‡b¥vPb,
n‡e bv Giƒ‡c Zv‡n AwaK el©Y| cÂg|
6. †mvY m~Î
ZrKv‡j Avqy®§vb gnvK”Pvqb ¯’wei AewšÍ †`‡k KziiNi bMi¯’
ce©ZcÖcv‡Z evm Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| ZLb Avqy®§vb gnvK”Pvq‡bi `vqK
†mvYKzwUKYœ DcvmK Zuvnvi †meK wQ‡jb| GK`v wbR©‡b wekÖvg Kwievi
mgq †mvYKzwUK‡Yœi g‡b g‡b GBiƒc ZK© DwVj : ÔAvh© gnvK”Pvq‡bi
ag©‡`kbv †hB cÖKvi, Zvnv‡Z †`wL‡ZwQ N‡i _vwKqv GB GKvšÍ cwic~Y,©
GKvšÍ cwiï×, my‡aŠZ k•Lm`„k eªþPh© cvjb Kiv mnR b‡n| Avwg
†Kkk¥kÖæ †Q`b Kwiqv Kvlvq e¯¿ cwiavbc~e©K AvMvi nB‡Z AbvMv‡i
cÖeªw¾Z nB bv †Kb?Õ
1
[ry ( @. . 257), y (.)]

a3 F u 2 s c
0; u 0t Qsn& c& a
t en&
+। en& n F u 2 Qsn&
c& e`—
‘‘i" {&,
n, 2 l+ e& `
k u—‘3 3 a@ c "m&
& & a& aj en& en d&
C& bh`& `&। &-& & ot
t act as a& bя@’n।
bя &,
n, a@ c’’।
e& 6t, Qs c F& u & 2&
e`—‘‘dk& , F, я+& e
t& e @&
bh`&। i t&, F, t Q
- !d&
& aя t& e
t& e @& bh`’’n। a3
F u 2 a bjя
C
2 m।
dm ... ... dm Qs c F&
u & 2& e`—‘‘dk& , F, я+& e
t&
e @& bh`&। i t&, F, t Q
-
!d& & aя
t& e
t& e @& bh`’’n।
dm F u 2 a
bjя
C 2 m।
AbšÍi DcvmK †mvYKzwUKYœ Avqy®§vb gnvK”Pvq‡bi wbKU Mgb Kwiqv

Zuvnv‡K Awfev`bc~e©K GKcv‡k¦© ewm‡jb Ges ewj‡jb, f‡šÍ, wbR©‡b
ewmqv wPšÍv Kwievi mgq Avgvi g‡b g‡b GBiƒc ZK© DwVj : ÔAvh©
gnvK”Pvqb †hBiƒc ag©‡`kbv Kwi‡Z‡Qb, Zvnv‡Z †`wL‡ZwQ †h N‡i
_vwKqv GB GKvšÍ cwic~Y© cwiï× my‡aŠZ k•Lm`„k eªþPh© cvjb mnR
b‡n| Avwg †Kkk¥kÖæ †Q`b Kwiqv Kvlvq e¯¿ MÖnYc~e©K AvMvi nB‡Z
AbvMv‡i cÖeªw¾Z nB bv †Kb?Õ ÔAvh© gnvK”Pvqb, Avgv‡K cÖeªw¾Z
Kiæb|Õ
m F u 2

2 l+ e& ` k u—‘‘3 3
a@ c "m& & & a& aj
en& en d& C& bh`& `&। &-&
& ot t act as a&
bя@’’n। m F u 2 s
c 0; u 0t Qsn& c&
a
t en& +। en& n F u
2 Qsn& c& e`—
‘‘i" {&,
n, 2 l+ e& `
k u—‘3 3 a@ c "m&
& & a& aj en& en d&
C& bh`& `&। &-& & ot
t act as a& bя@’n।
bя &,
n, a@ c’’।
a3 Qs c F& u & 2& bя ।
an,F31 ap
, । a3
Qs c & & ac c
g&
, & nt Qsn& F& u m ।
Avqy®§vb gnvK”Pvqb ewj‡jb, Ô†n †mvY, hve¾xeb GKvnvix, GKkvqx

nBqv eªþPh© cvjb `y®‹i| Zzwg ¯^M„‡n M„nxfv‡e _vwKqvB ey×kvm‡b
†hvMhy³ nI|Õ H K_vq †mvYKzwUK‡Yœi cÖeªR¨vi B”Qv Pwjqv †Mj| wKQyw`b
c‡i Avevi Zvnvi †mB B”Qv Drcbœ nB‡j c~e©er Avqy®§vb gnvK”Pvqb‡K
Zvnv RvbvBqv cÖeªR¨v cÖv_©bv Kwi‡jb| Avqy®§vb gnvK”Pvqb c~‡e©i g‡Zv
ewj‡j †m-ev‡iI Zvnvi cÖeªR¨vi B”Qv Pwjqv †Mj| Z…ZxqeviI DcvmK
†mvYKzwUKYœ cÖeªR¨vi B”Qv Ávcb Kwi‡j Avqy®§vb gnvK”Pvqb Zuvnv‡K
cÖeªw¾Z Kwi‡jb|
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nBqv GKcv‡k¦© ùvovBj| GKcv‡k¦© ùvovBqv fMevb‡K ewjj :
f‡šÍ fMevb, GLb Avcwb cwiwbe©vwcZ nDb! †n myMZ, GLb Avcwb
cwiwbe©vwcZ nDb! GLb cÖfz fMev‡bi cwiwbe©v‡Yi mgq nBqv‡Q|
fMevb, Avcwb ewjqvwQ‡jb, Ôhver Avgvi wf¶z kÖveKMY Avh©gvM©
jvf

n t + 1 !h "m"
"m"mp2n +`p2n a"m`, & Q`&
ugt Q`, n n DE n 7$ n
n
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g& gt p2& "m& n+’। e
,
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gt p2& "m& n। b ,
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Kwiqv wbcyY, webxZ, wekvi`, a¨vbekxf‚Z, eûkÖæZ, ag©avix, ag©vPvix,

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Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e bv, hver AÁZviƒc XvKbv Uvwbqv ag© Lywjqv w`‡Z, fvM
Kwiqv †`LvB‡Z I mij Kwiqv e¨vL¨v Kwi‡Z mg_© nB‡e bv, Drcbœ
ciwb›`vi ag©Z cÖwZev‡` fv‡jviƒ‡c wbMÖn Kwiqv wPËvKl©K, cvcbvkK I
Aag© aŸsmKviK ag©‡`kbv Kwi‡Z mg_© nB‡e bv, Zver Avwg cwiwbe©vwcZ
nBe bv|Õ fMevb, GLb Avcbvi wf¶z-kÖveKMY cUz, webxZ, wekvi`,
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nBqv‡Qb| Zuvnviv GLb ¯^xq ¯^xq AvPv‡h©i Kv‡Q wk¶v Kwiqv
Rbmgv‡R
1
[ t (a. . 8.70), pt ( +. +. .),
pt ( @.)]
2
[ n
n e ( +. +. &. . 5.822)]

n+’। e ,
n,
,

t + !h "m" "m"mp2n
+`p2n a"m` & Q`& ugt Q`,n
n DEn 7$n n
яn ut+n upn&
p& "m g& gt p2& "m& n।
b ,
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!h "m" "m"mp2n +`p2n
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Drcbœ ciwb›`v‡K ag©Z mywbMÖn Kwiqv cvcweZviK, cvcaŸsmKviK
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cwiwbe©vwcZ nDb! †n myMZ, GLb Avcwb cwiwbe©vwcZ nDb! GLb
fMev‡bi cwiwbe©v‡Yi mgq nBqv‡Q|
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wekvi`v, a¨vbcÖvßv, eûkÖæZv, ag©avwiYx, ag©PvwiYx, KZ©e¨civqYv I
h_vag©-cvjbKvwiYx nBqv‡Qb, GLb Zuvnviv ¯^xq AvPv‡h©i Kv‡Q ag©wk¶v
Kwiqv Rbmgv‡R cÖPvi, Aa¨vcb, Ávcb I ¯’vcb Kwi‡Z Ges D‡b¥vPb
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1
[&
n ( &. . 5.822)]
n,
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n,
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e& 6t,
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ajt , a
n `t m’’n $&।
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mg_©Zv jvf Kwiqv‡Qb| f‡šÍ fMevb, GLb Avcwb cwiwbe©vwcZ nDb! †n
myMZ, GLb Avcwb cwiwbe©vwcZ nDb! GLb cÖfz fMev‡bi cwiwbe©v‡Yi
mgq nBqv‡Q|Õ
cvcgwZ gvi GBiƒc ewj‡j fMevb Kwn‡jb, †n cvcgwZ gvi, Zzwg
GLb wb‡ðó nI| AwP‡iB Z_vMZ cwiwbe©vY jvf Kwi‡eb| AbšÍi
fMevb ¯§„wZ I Ávb‡hv‡M Pvcvj ˆP‡Z¨ Avqyms¯‹vi eR©b Kwi‡jb A_©vr
GB nB‡Z wZb gv‡mi ci êkvLx c~wY©gv ch©šÍ Avgvi cÖvYevqy Pwj‡Z
_vKzK, Zvici wbiæ× nDK ewjqv Awaôvb Kwi‡jb| fMevb Avqyms¯‹vi
eR©b Kwi‡j gnvf‚wgK¤ú Avi¤¢ nBj, RxeM‡Yi fq I †jvgnl©Y nB‡Z
jvwMj Ges †èZv‡ì †Xvj¸wj dvwUqv †Mj! ms¯‹v‡ii AwbZ¨Zvm~PK
A_© wew`Z nBqv fMevb ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY Kwi‡jb :
ms¯‹vi wbe©vY Zzjbv KwiÕ gywb,
fems¯‹vi Kwijv wemR©b,
a¨vb, we`k©b fvebviZ wP‡Z
eg©mg †K¬k Kwijv we`viY| cÖ_g|
2. tя2 t&
1
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(.)]

52.
52 e& &—e& &
t& b
।
w & 2 l
67$ !d7$ n । a3 я

0; u 0t
n& a
t
en& +।
t ` я2, t ` , t ` a`,
t ` e 2, t ` bя, rk c
"1
a- akn।
ad я t ` я2, t `
, t ` a`, t ` e 2, t ` bя,
rk c "
a- akn।
s u7$ e& & ut r& t ,FяFf&
3&2 nt t ` я2, t ` , t ` a`,
t ` e 2, t ` bя, я& Ft
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2. mß RwUj m~Î
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wekvLvi cÖvmv‡` evm Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| ZrKv‡j fMevb GKw`b weKv‡j a¨vb
nB‡Z DwVqv c~e©‡Zvi‡Yi ewnf©v‡M ewmqvwQ‡jb, Ggb mgq †KvkjivR
cÖ‡mbwRr fMev‡bi wbKU Dcw¯’Z nBqv Awfev`bv‡šÍ GKcv‡k¦© ewm‡jb|
ZLb mvZRb RUvavix Zvcm, mvZRb wbMÖ©š’ mbœ¨vmx, mvZRb Dj½
mbœ¨vmx, mvZRb GKe¯¿avix mbœ¨vmx I mvZRb cwieªvRK fMev‡bi wbKU
w`qv hvB‡ZwQj| Zvnv‡ì KwU‡`k mye×, bL I †jvg my`xN©| Zvnviv bvbv
cÖKv‡ii ZvcmR‡bvwPZ `ªe¨mvgMÖx jBqv hvB‡ZwQj| †KvkjivR
cÖ‡mbwRr Zvnvw`M‡K ?D³ cÖKv‡i fMev‡bi wbKU w`qv hvB‡Z †`wLqv
Avmb nB‡Z DwVqv Mv‡qi Pvì evgcv‡k¦© Kwiqv gvwU‡Z Rvby ivwLqv e›`bv
Kwij Ges wZbevi ¯^xq bvg D‡jøL Kwiqv cwiPq cÖ`vb Kwij,
ÔcÖfyMY,
1
[+" (. &. . 1.122; +. . 1.280)]
2
[$& ( +. @. +.)]

& —‘‘я&,
n, ; я&,
n,
; я&,
n, ’’।
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я2 , t ` , t ` a` , t ` e 2 ,
t ` bя ,
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t en& +। en& n я

n& e`—‘‘ 1
n, an
atg& n e & aDE’’2।
‘‘djя& e&, я,
t m" &
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n n& "n
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n।
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it&3, a , DE dpDE।
& , я, `@& b&। d +y
ad it&, a , DE
Avwg †KvkjivR cÖ‡mbwRr, Avwg †KvkjivR cÖ‡mbwRr|Õ

ZvcmMY Pwjqv †M‡j †KvkjivR cÖ‡mbwRr fMev‡bi wbKU Mgbc~e©K
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An©r ev An©Ë¡gvM©jvfx Av‡Qb, H ZvcmMY Zuvnv‡ì Ab¨Zg| fMevb
ewj‡jb, gnvivR, †Zvgvi b¨vq Kvg‡fvMx cyÎ‡ewóZ nBqv kqbKvix,
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MÖnYKvixi c‡¶ Bnv Rvbv `y®‹i †h Dnviv An©r ev An©Ë¡gvM©¯’ wK bv|
gnvivR, GKÎev‡mi Øviv †jv‡Ki kxj Rvwb‡Z nq A_©vr †jvKwU
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g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i cix¶v Kwi‡Z nq, webv g‡bv‡hv‡M nVvr †jvK †Pbv
hvq
1
[ ` ( +.), ` ( @.), ` (+.), ( &. . 1.122),
` (?)]
2
[aDE ( +. .), aDE ( @. +.)]
3
[ it ( @. +. @. a7$.)]

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dpDE। c , я, DE b। `
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dpDE’’।
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n, ab&,
n!
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n,
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n n& "n
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n। & , я, +& b&... ... c
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a , DE dpDE’’’।
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cv‡i, AÁ e¨w³ cv‡i bv| gnvivR, wec`Kv‡jB Ávbej KZ`~i Rvwb‡Z
nq; ZvnvI A‡bK cix¶vi ci, Aí w`‡b b‡n; g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ØvivB m¤¢e
nq, Z`fv‡e nq bv; ÁvbevbB Rvwb‡Z mg_©, A‡Ái c‡ÿ Am¤¢e|
gnvivR, ag©v‡jvPbvq Áv‡bi cix¶v Kwi‡e, Zvnv‡Z eûw`b g‡bv‡hvM
w`‡Z nB‡e, Z`fv‡e cviv hvq bv, ÁvbevbB Zvnv Rvwb‡Z cv‡i, AÁ
Rvwb‡Z cv‡i bv|
Bnv ïwbqv †KvkjivR cÖ‡mbwRr fMev‡bi me©ÁZv Áv‡b I
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Avcwb Kx my›ìfv‡e eY©bv Kwi‡jb †h,
1| `xN©w`b AeavbZvi mwnZ GKÎev‡mi Øviv †jv‡Ki ¯^fve Rvwb‡Z
nq|
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3| wec`Kv‡j Ávbej Rvwb‡Z cviv hvq|
1
[
& ( &. . 1.122)]

‘‘e,
n, `1 o` я& o`t cn।
$& o`& a& c o 2। i ,
n, &
яяl& t w t p - ot
d gF p r
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DE& я+@, "m F&4 `’’ d&।
4| Av‡jvPbvq AwfÁZvi cix¶v nq| . . . BZ¨vw`|

f‡šÍ, H mbœ¨vmxiv AvgviB †jvK, Dnviv QÙ‡ekx ¸ßPi, iv‡R¨
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c‡i Avwg cwi`k©bv_© hvBe| f‡šÍ, GLb Zvnviv QvB-Kvwj ayBqv,
my›ìiƒ‡c mœvb Kwiqv, myMwÜ †jcb Kwiqv, Ges Pzj-ùvwo KvwUqv mv`v
Kvco cwiavb Kwi‡e| cÂKvg cwi‡fv‡M gbcÖvY Xvwjqv w`‡e Ges
cÂKv‡g iZ nBqv Bw›`ªqmKj cwiPvjbv Kwi‡e|
Bw›`ªqmy‡Li Rb¨ I Dìc~wZ©i Rb¨ QÙ‡ek awiqv †Kn †Kn Hiƒ‡c
RbmvaviY‡K eÂbv Kwiqv _v‡K—GB A_© wew`Z nBqv fMevb ZrKv‡j
bv †Pwó‡e me Kv‡h, bv nB‡e c‡ii PvKi,
bv _vwK‡e civkÖ‡q Rxeb hvwc‡Z †Kv‡bv bi;
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3. c,F t&
1
[` ( &. . 1.122)]
2
[o ( +. @. +.), o ( +. @. a7$.), o ( &.
. 1.122)]
3
[`n ( @.)]
4
[F& ( +.), F+ ( @. +.), Fя& (.)]

53.
53 e& &—e& &
t& я
a3f Q।
at a
a "m + c, n , a `
"m
-& ।
a3
1 at a a "m +
t a ` "m
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i& u& u —
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54.
54 e& &—e& &
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a3f Q। mh
t-
3. cÖZ¨‡e¶Y m~Î
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fvebvq cwic~Y©Zvjvf Aby`k©b Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z ewmqvwQ‡jb| wZwb A‡bK
cvc cwiZ¨³ I A‡bK m×g© fvweZ nBqv‡Q †`wLqv ZLb GB cÖxwZMv_v
D”PviY Kwi‡jb :
c~i‡e AvwQj hvnv Z`v bvwn Zvnv,
Z`v Zvnv wQj c~‡e© bvwn wQj hvnv;
wQj bv n‡e bv Avi G‡e bvB Zvnv| Z…Zxq|
4. cÖ_g bvbv Zxw_©q m~Î

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iæwP|
1
[et& t ( +. .)]
2
[et& t ( +. .)]

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r` 7$ ।
n FbhF e& e&7$—‘‘
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e& e&7$—‘‘a , i c&
yDE’’n। n FbhF e& e&7$—
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FbhF e& e&7$—‘‘an , i
c& yDE’’n। n FbhF e&
e&7$—‘‘& я+& & +&, i c& yDE’’n।
n FbhF e& e&7$—‘‘aDE& я+&
aDE& +&, i c& yDE’’n। n FbhF
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c& yDE’’n। n FbhF
e& e&7$—‘‘ 3 & F, i
e&7$—‘‘ ` ` 3 & F, i
e&7$—‘‘ 3 & F, i
c& yDE’’n।
bvbv cÖKvi wg_¨v`„wó‡Z Zvnviv Avm³| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv kÖgY-eªvþY GBiƒc

ev`x GBiƒc `k©x : ÔAvZ¥v kvk¦Z (wbZ¨); BnvB mZ¨, Ab¨wU A_©vr AvZ¥v
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wg_¨v| †Kn †Kn GBiƒc ev`x, GBiƒc `„wóm¤úbœ : ÔAvZ¥v AbšÍ; BnvB
mZ¨, Ab¨wU wg_¨v| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv kÖgY-eªvþ‡Yi g‡Z, kixiB Rxe; kixi
I Rx‡ei g‡a¨ †f` bvB; GBwUB mZ¨, AciwU wg_¨v| Avi †Kn †Kn
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†Kn GBiƒc ev`x, GBiƒc `„wóm¤úbœ : ÔAvZ¥v g„Zzï ci cybR©b¥ MÖnY
K‡i,

fя я n aDEDE& t+
n n—‘‘e "m, "m; "m,
e "m’’।
a3 mh
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t& f & । t& f `t c
t&
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t en& +& । en& n
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n& e`&—

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n, mh t FbhFbя t&
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7$ ।
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fя я
n aDEDE& t+ n n—‘e
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cybR©b¥ MÖnY K‡i GgbI bq, AvZ¥v †h g„Zzï ci cybR©b¥ MÖnY K‡i bv
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kÖgY-eªvþY GBiƒc ev`x GBiƒc `k©x . . . c~e©er|
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AeMZ nB‡jb Ges ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY Kwi‡jb :
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be be eÜb m`v nq e„w×;
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kqbvmb I Ilac_¨jvfx nq| f‡šÍ, Avi hLb ey×MY msmv‡i Rb¥MÖnY
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hZ¶Y bvwn I‡V †è cÖf¼i

ZZ¶Y L‡`¨v‡Zi †R¨vwZ aivci,
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1. cÖ_g jKzÉK fwÏq m~Î
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ag© cÖ`k©b KivB‡ZwQ‡jb, (j¶Y Avj¤^b) MÖnY KivB‡ZwQ‡jb,
wPËweïw×i Rb¨ DrmvwnZ I ag©imv¯^v`‡b mš‘ó Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| Bnv‡Z
Avqy®§vb jKzÉK fwÏ‡qi wPË Avme nB‡Z gy³ nBj| fMevb ey×P‡¶
†`wL‡jb, Avqyy®§vb mvwicyÎ Avqy®§vb jKzÉK fwÏq‡K A‡bK cÖKv‡i
ag©‡`kbv Kwi‡Z‡Qb, Avi Dnv‡Z Zuvnvi wPË Avme nB‡Z gy³ nBqv‡Q|
H welq Rvwb‡Z cvwiqv fMevb ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY
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‘‘ud& a" b" pt,
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nn& & t, e n d, ’’ d&।
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Kwi‡ZwQj| GKw`b A‡bK wf¶z cÖvZtKv‡j AšÍe©vm cwiavb Kwiqv
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wenv‡i wdwiqv Avwmqv AvnviK…Z¨ mgvcbc~e©K fMev‡bi wbKU Mgb
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kÖve¯Íx‡Z cÖvq †jv‡Kiv AwaK¶Y Kvgvm³ . . . cÖgËfv‡e
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‘‘n я n, Inn।
t!n !d, c ।
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mgv”Qbœ Z…òvi Qv`‡b,
Ave× bgywP cv‡k grm¨ h_v Kzgxb wfZ‡i
avq Riv-giY m`‡b,
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5. Aci jKzÉK fwÏq m~Î

ZrKv‡j Avqy®§vb jKzÉK fwÏq A‡bK wf¶zi wc‡Q wc‡Q Avwmqv fMev‡bi
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†`wLqv wf¶zMY‡K m‡¤^vab Kwiqv ewj‡jb :
Ôwf¶zMY, †Zvgiv H KzrwmZ, A`k©bxq, evgb, N„Y¨ wf¶zwU‡K A‡bK
wf¶zi wcQ‡b wcQ‡b Avwm‡Z †`wL‡ZQ wK?Õ Ônu¨v f‡šÍ|Õ
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aDE fDE1
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AZtci fMevb Zvnvi ¸Y wew`Z nBqv ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v
D”PviY Kwi‡jb :
cweÎZv A‡MÖ KwiÕ ïå AveiY cwiÕ
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cvcnxb GKRb Av‡m Ki ìkb,
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6. Z…òvms¶q m~Î
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at
d DE C& c, n ।
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g~j hvi bvB, bvBK aiv, cvZv bvB hvi, †Kv_vq jZv,
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7. cÖcÂ¶q m~Î
ZLb fMevb ¯^xq cwiZ¨³ cÖcÂmsÁv cÖZ¨‡e¶Y Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z Dcweó
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cÖcÂwenxb gywb †hBRb w¯’wZ bvwn hvi msmv‡i,
eÜb wQuwoqv cÖvPxi jw•Nqv wMqv‡Qb whwb cicv‡i,
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8. c t&
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a- n l0& Q

яt uя& & F"

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69 e& &—e& &
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Dc‡ekbc~e©K Avcbvi †`‡ni Dci ¯§„wZ ivwLqv Kg©¯’v‡b g‡bvwb‡ek
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Kv‡qi ewÎk AïwP welq m`vB Av‡Q fvebv hvi,
Ôhw` bv _vwKZ Z‡e bv nBZ, hw` bvwn n‡e n‡e bv AviÕ
mß we`k©b µ‡g †m fvweqv Kv‡j nq Z…òvmvMi cvi| Aóg|
9. D`cvb m~Î
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nb|

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mg~‡j, †mRb Kwi‡eb Avi wKev AbymÜvb? beg|
10. D‡`b m~Î

70. Avwg GBiƒc ïwbqvwQ—GKmgq fMevb †KŠkv¤^x‡Z †NvwlZviv‡g
evm Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| ZrKv‡j †KŠkv¤^xivR D‡`b evMv‡b Mgb Kwi‡j Zuvnvi
AšÍtcyi Av¸‡b cywoqv wMqvwQj| Dnv‡Z k¨vgveZx cÖgyLv cuvPkZ ¯¿x
cywoqv gwiqv wMqvwQj| †mBw`b cÖv‡Z KZK¸wj wf¶z cvÎPxei MÖnYc~e©K
†KŠkv¤^x‡Z wf¶vq cÖ‡ek Kwi‡jb| Z_vq wf¶v Kiv †kl nB‡j
AvnviK…Z¨ mgvß Kwiqv Zuvnviv fMev‡bi wbKU Mgb Kwi‡jb| Z_vq
wMqv Zuvnv‡K Awfev`bc~e©K GKcv‡k¦© ewmqv ewj‡jb, Ôf‡šÍ, ivRv hLb
evMv‡b
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g‡a¨ †Kn †Kn †mªvZvcbœv, †Kn †Kn mK…`vMvwgbx, Avi †Kn †Kn
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nq bvB|
AbšÍi fMevb GZ`_© wew`Z nBqv ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY
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GB D`vb D”PviY Kwi‡jb :
Av‡Q †mB wf¶zMY, †nb AvqZb
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Kwi‡jb :
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Kwi‡jb :
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cÖwZMÖnY Kwi‡jb :
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nq ax‡i gnv‡ivM welg, giYMvgx|
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Qsn& & e`—‘‘a&, , n;
i c’’। a3 Qs
t`+&
t n& ,t k—‘‘i&,
n,

t`+’’n।
a3 Qs n cn ang
` ,t t ` ` Q2 & td
n&
2d lH &। a3 Qs
n t
lH 2
0; u 0t
n&
a
t en& +। en& n Qs

n& e`—‘‘i" {&,
n,
n
bvMmgvj †`wL‡jb, cw_g‡a¨ `yB iv¯Ív `yB w`K nB‡Z Avwmqv GK¯’v‡b
wgwjZ nBqv‡Q| ZLb fMevb‡K ewj‡jb, Ôf‡šÍ, GB c‡_ hvB‡Z nB‡e|Õ
fMevb Aci iv¯ÍvwU †`LvBqv ewj‡jb, ÔbvMmgvj, GBwUB c_, GB c‡_
hvBe|Õ
`yBevi-wZbevi Zuvnv‡ì g‡a¨ GBiƒc ejvewj nBj| †k‡l Avqy®§vb
bvMmgvj fMev‡bi cvÎPxei cw_g‡a¨ ivwLqv Ôf‡šÍ, cvÎPxie GLv‡b
iwnjÕ ewjqv Pwjqv †Mj|
†mB c‡_ hvBevi mgq ga¨c‡_ Avqy®§vb bvMmgvj‡K WvKv‡Z AvµgY
Kwij| WvKv‡Ziv Avqy®§vb bvMmgv‡ji nvZ-cv fvw½qv w`j, cvÎwU
fvw½qv †dwjj Ges m•NvwULvwb wQuwoqv †dwjj| ZLb Avqy®§vb bvMmgvj
fv½v cvÎ I †Quov Pxei jBqv fMev‡bi Kv‡Q Avwm‡jb Ges Zuvnv‡K
e›`bv Kwiqv GKcv‡k¦© ewmqv ewj‡jb, Ôf‡šÍ, †mB c‡_ hvBevi mgq
¸ß¯’vb nB‡Z WvKv‡Z AvµgY Kwiqv Avgvi nvZ-cv fvwOqv w`qv‡Q,
cvÎwUI
cn ang ` ,t t ` ` Q2 &,
td
n& , 2d lH ’’n।

a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
‘‘ d& ` &, aDEя -।
d я &, d + n’’n t&।
8. t&
78.
78 e& &—e& &
t& b
। t
0 । a3 alt
al
0; u 0t
n&
a
t en& +। en& n& &
&
e`—
fvwOqv †dwjqv‡Q Ges m•NvwULvwbI wQuwoqv w`qv‡Q|Õ

Am‡Zi mwnZ wgwk‡j Hiƒc `y`©kv †fvM Kwi‡Z nq wKš‘
cwÐZmnev‡m †Kv‡bv wec‡` cwo‡Z nq bv—GB A_© wew`Z nBqv fMevb
Kwiqv g~‡L©i m‡b cwÐZ wenvi,
Ávb‡hv‡M me©cvc KwiÕ cwinvi
†µŠÂ h_v bxi Z¨wRÕ ¶xi K‡i cvb,
†mBiƒc cvcZ¨vM K‡ib weØvb| mßg|
8. wekvLv m~Î
78. Avwg GBiƒc ïwbqvwQ—GKmgq fMevb kÖve¯Íxi c~e©viv‡g
wgMvigvZv wekvLvi cÖvmv‡` evm Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| ZrKv‡j wgMvigvZv
wekvLvi GK AwZ Av`‡ii †cŠÎxi g„Zz¨ nq| †mB w`b wekvLv w`b`ycy‡i
wfRv Kvc‡o wfRv Pz‡j fMev‡bi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z nB‡jb| wZwb fMevb‡K
e›`bv Kwiqv GKcv‡k¦© ewm‡j fMevb Zuvnv‡K ewj‡jb :
‘‘n t&, , Qc alt al i"- 0n
’’? ‘‘t ,
n, 0। &
alt al i"- 0n ’’। ‘‘ic@ t&,

, 1 t 2 t ` t `’’?
‘‘ic@&,
3 t t `
t `’’।
‘‘+!h , , t & &
n+’’? ‘‘ ,
n, t & &
n; ,
n... a7$,
n... t,
n... n,
n...
d,
n... `t,
n... +F,
n... d,
n,
t & & n। e,
n, t
& & । at,
n, t
& n+’’।
Ôwekv‡L, Zzwg †Kv_v nB‡Z wfRv Kvc‡o wfRv Pz‡j w`b`ycy‡i GLv‡b
AvwmqvQ?Õ
wekvLv : f‡šÍ, Avgvi AwZ Av`‡ii GK †cŠÎx gviv wMqv‡Q| ZvB
Avwg wfRv Kvc‡o wfRv Pz‡j w`b`ycy‡i GLv‡b AvwmqvwQ|
fMevb : wekv‡L, Zzwg kÖve¯Íx‡Z hZ gbyl¨ Av‡Q, ZZwU cyÎ-†cŠÎ PvI
wK?
wekvLv : nu¨v f‡šÍ, kÖve¯Íx‡Z hZ gbyl¨ Av‡Q Avwg ZZwU cyÎ-†cŠÎ
PvB|
fMevb : wekv‡L, kÖve¯Íx‡Z ˆ`wbK KZ †jv‡Ki g„Zz¨ nq?
wekvLv : f‡šÍ, kÖve¯Íx‡Z ˆ`wbK `kRbI g‡i, bqRbI g‡i| AvU,
mvZ, Qq, cuvP, Pvwi, wZb, `yBRbI g‡i AšÍZ ˆ`wbK GKRb nB‡jI
g‡i| f‡šÍ, kÖve¯Íx‡Z †jvK g‡i bv Ggb w`b bvB|
fMevb : wekv‡L, Z‡e Zzwg wK Avkv Ki †h KL‡bv Zzwg ï®‹ em‡b
ï®‹ †K‡k _vwK‡Z cvwi‡e?
‘‘& & DE , , a t& ` ` alt
@ al ’’? ‘‘ &,

n। a& ,
n,
!h t ` t `’’।
‘‘ & , , & , & & d,; & 6
1
[ (?)]
2
[ (?)]
3
[ic@&
n
( @.)]

, 6 & d,; & a + , a + &
d,; & t , t & d,; & 7$ ,
7$ & d,; & DE & , DE & & d,;
& `t+ & , `t+ & & d,, & & & ,
& & & d,; & + , + & d,, &
, & d,; & , & d,;
& a7$ , a7$ & d,; & t , t &
d,; & n , n & d,; & d , d
& d,; & `t , `t & d,; & +F
, +F & d,; & d , d & d,; &
e& &, e& & d,&; & t &, t & d,&,
a я a +’’।
a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
‘‘ ` ,
d, `1 sr।
wekvLv : f‡šÍ, ZZ †ewk cyÎ-†cŠ‡Î Avgvi cÖ‡qvRb bvB|

fMevb : wekv‡L, hvnv‡ì GKkZ wcÖqe¯‘ Av‡Q Zvnv‡ì GKkZ
`ytL| (D³ cÖKv‡i beŸB, Avwk Avw` Kwiqv GK ch©šÍ Avwb‡Z nB‡e|)
hvnv‡ì GKwUI wcÖqe¯‘ bvB Zvnv‡ì `ytLI bvB| Zvnviv A‡kvK wb®úvc
I Dcvqvmk~b¨ ewjqv Avgvi AwfgZ|
AbšÍi GB wcÖqwe‡”Q`-`ytLRwbZ A_© AeMZ nBqv fMevb ZrKv‡j
hvnv wKQy †kvK wejvc `ytL A‡bK cÖKvi Aebx‡Z
wcÖq‡nZz nq mwe D`q wcÖqnx‡b bv‡i Rbwg‡Z|
& 2cp
n e,
a n
n e
‘‘s + ,
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s a & я& t,
1
[d, (a7$.)]

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9. $b t&
79.
79 e& &—e& &
я
n। a3 Qs b lt

0; u 0t
n& a
t en& +।
en& n Qs b lt
n& e`—
‘‘b , ’’। ‘‘ t&, b, &
DE +’’।
a3 Qs b lt u7$
n& a
t
,F& t & abgnt Q an, l0 +t
я"& jяt 67$t b।
a3 Qs b lt & abgnt Q
an, l0 +t я"& jяt 67$t
b + R ~{ n DEt
Zviv exZ‡kvK Zvnviv myLx hviv wcÖqnxb wÎfze‡b,

ZvB hw` PvI wbg©j wbe©vY KwiI bv †cÖg Kv‡iv m‡b| Aóg|
9. cÖ_g èŸ m~Î

79. ivRM„‡n †eYyeb-wb`vb :
ZrKv‡j gjøcyÎ Avqy®§vb èŸ fMev‡bi wbKU Dcw¯’Z nBqv Zuvnv‡K
Awfev`bc~e©K GKcv‡k¦© Dc‡ekb Kwiqv ewj‡jb, Ô†n myMZ, GLb Avgvi
cwiwbe©vwcZ nIqvi mgq nBqv‡Q|Õ fMevb ÔZ_v¯‘Õ ewjqv AbygwZ
w`‡jb|
ZLb Avqy®§vb èŸ Avmb nB‡Z DwVqv fMevb‡K Awfev`b I cÖ`w¶Y
Kwi‡jb| Zrci AvKv‡k DwVqv k~‡bï Dci cÙvm‡b ewm‡jb Ges
। @3 p R ~{
n DE ; e Qs b lt
& abgnt Q an, l0 +t я"&
jяt 67$t b + R ~{
n DEt +।
a3
et& t & & i& u&

u —
‘‘a
" DE, +
& 1 b।
c & C, DEF& at’’ &।
10.
10. db t&
80.
80 e& &—e& &
t& я
a3f Q। t

,- Qn —
‘‘
,’’। ‘‘
n’’
,-
c &।

e`—
†ZRK…rmœ [†ZRKwmb] fvebv Kwiqv a¨vb nB‡Z DÌvbc~e©K cwiwbe©vwcZ

nB‡jb| ZLb Zuvnvi ke‡`n a¨vbvwMœ‡Z `» nB‡ZwQj, wKš‘ Avð‡h©i
welq Dnvi QvB wKsev gwm †`Lv hvB‡ZwQj bv|
AbšÍi GZ`_© wew`Z nBqv fMevb ZLb GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY
Kwi‡jb :
fvwOj kixi, wbwej msÁv, †e`bv AšÍwn©Z,
mKwj cÖkvšÍ n‡jv ms¯‹vi, weÁvb A¯ÍwgZ| beg|
10. wØZxq èŸ m~Î

ZrKv‡j fMevb wf¶zMY‡K m‡¤^vab Kwiqv WvwK‡jb| wf¶zMY Ôf`šÍÕ
ewjqv Zuvnviv cÖZz¨Ëi w`‡jb| fMevb ewj‡Z jvwM‡jb :
gjøcyÎ èŸ hLb AvKv‡k cÙvm‡b Dc‡ekbc~e©K †ZRK…rmœ
[†ZRKwmb] a¨vb nB‡Z DwVqv cwiwbe©vY cÖvß nBqvwQj, ZLb Zvnvi
‘‘b ,
,, lt & abgnt Q an,
l0 +t я"& jяt 67$t b
+ R ~{ n DEt ।
@3 p R ~{
n DE ; e ,
,, b lt
& abgnt Q an, l0 +t я"&
jяt 67$t b + R ~{
1
[+& ( +. +.), +& (.)]

n DEt +’’।
a3
et& t & & i& u&
u —
‘‘ay , я я 1।
ab
- n , 3 E
e& mt&, !ny&।
DE& t, t& a`& ’’n &।
2g2 a7$।
g„Z‡`n `» nBevi mgq f¯§I †`Lv hvBwb, gwmI †`Lv hvBwb| wf¶zMY,
†hgb N„Z wKsev ˆZj `» nBevi mgq f¯§I †`Lv hvq bv, gwmI †`Lv
hvq bv, Z`ªƒc èŸ gjøcy‡ÎiI AvKv‡k DwVqv cÙvm‡b Dc‡ekbc~e©K
†ZRK…rmœ [†ZRKwmb] fvebv Kwiqv cwiwbe©vY cÖvß nBevi mgq Zvnvi
R¡jšÍ g„Z‡`‡ni f¯§I †`Lv hvBwb, gwmI †`Lv hvBwb|
AbšÍi fMevb GZ`_© AeMZ nBqv ZrKv‡j GB cÖxwZMv_v D”PviY
Kwi‡jb :
Zß AqmvwMœ h_v wb‡f hvq gy˜Mi cÖnv‡i,
µ‡g µ‡g †Mj †Kv_v bv‡i †Kn Rvwb‡Z Dnv‡i;
mg¨K wegy³ †nb ZxY© huviv, Kvgeb¨vRj,
wb‡`©wk‡Z bvB MwZ, jvfx‡ì myL APÂj| `kg|
[ cvUwjMÖvgxq eM© Aóg mgvß ]
d&
b ` 6t, `n 2।
d"3 `, b
u gd&—
g& $& !", g& d& `n।
ng , yg ` `t
dgn" F, n7$gn яcn1 ।
1
[я ( @.)]
2
[2g (.)]

tgn ` `-, 27$g2
a +- t&, g7$&
t&।
& `, , ad & u+h3
u 7$।
¯§viK-Mv_v
wbe©vY Pvwi n‡q‡Q ewY©Z, Pz›`, cvUwjMÖvgxq,
wØavc_, wekvLv I èŸmn †gvU GKz‡b `k|
D`v‡b DwjøwLZ eM©mg~‡ni ¯§viK-Mv_v :

eM©g‡a¨ cÖ_g †evwa, gyPwj›` wØZxq,
Z…Zxq b›`K eM©, †gwNq PZz_,© cÂg †mvY,
Rb¥vÜ lô I Aóg eM© cvUwjMÖvgxq
GKz‡b Avwk m~Î GB Aóe‡M© myewY©Z
wbwðZ GB D`vb¸wj Pÿz®§vb wegj ey×fvwlZ|
[ D`vb evsjv mgvß ]
1
[n7$g& n ( +. .)]
2
[27$g ( @. &. +.), 27$g ( +. .)]
3
[at& uh (.), d & unh ( @. & +.)]
cwiwkó
D`vbU&VK_v nB‡Z msM„nxZ
cigv_©-cÖ`xc
1. †evwa eM©
1| D`vbs—cÖxwZ‡eM nB‡Z DwÌZ M`¨ ev c`¨gqx fve weKvk|
Ge‡¤§ myZs—(fMevb huvnv‡K ag©-A_©-e¨vKiYvw`‡Z AwfÁ ewjqv
cÖksmv Kwiqv‡Qb †mB Avqy®§vb Avb›` ¯’wei ewj‡Z‡Qb) gr KZ©„K Giƒc
kÖæZ| cwU”Pmgyàv`—cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv` ag©| Aby‡jvgs—DrcwË ci¤úiv|
Awe`¨v—†gvn, PZzivh©m‡Z¨ AÁZv| m•Lviv—†jŠwKK KzkjvKzkj
Kg©‡PZbv| Dnv wZb cÖKvi; h_v : cyTT & vwfm•Lviv, AcyTT
& vwfm•Lviv I
Av‡bÄvwfm•Lviv| weT&TvYs—cybR©b¥ MÖnYKvix wPË| bvgs—†e`bv,
msÁv I ms¯‹vi¯‹Ü| iƒcs—gvwU, Rj, AwMœ I evqy Ges Dnv‡ì
mswgkÖ‡Y Drcbœ e¯‘i bvg ÔiƒcÕ| QjvqZbs—P¶z, KY©, bvwmKv, wRnŸv,
Kvq, I gb| dm&‡mv—Qq AvqZ‡bi mwnZ iƒc-kãvw` Qq wel‡qi ¯úk©|
†e`bv—myL-`ytLvw` Abyf‚wZ| ZY&nv—KvgZ…òv, feZ…òv I wefeZ…òv
(webó nBevi B”Qv)| Dcv`vb—Z…òvi Pig cwiYwZ, hLb g‡b nq Avwg
evwÃZ webv wfbœ bwn| Dnv Pvwi cÖKvi; h_v : 1) Kvg, 2) `„wó,
3) kxjeªZMÖnY, 4) AvZ¥ev`| kÖ×v Avw`—m‡›`n cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ kÖ×v
cÖ_g Drcbœ nq, ZvB ÔkÖ×v Avw` . . . Õ GBfv‡e Ab~w`Z|
2| cwU‡jvgs—wb‡ivaci¤úiv|
3| gvi‡mbs—Kvg, AiwZ, Z›`ªvjm¨, Z…òv, m‡›`n, ¶zrwccvmv,
ci¸Y g`©bvwfjvl I wg_¨vjä hkvw`|
4| Dm&m`v—me©`v cvc mªweZ nq ewjqv ivM, †Øl, †gvn, gvb I
`„wó—GB cuvPwUi bvg ÔDrm`vÕ|
5| ms‡hvRb—`kwea ms‡hvRb; h_v : m°vhwÙ&wV, wewPwK”Qv,
kxjeŸZcivgv‡mv, Kvgiv‡Mv, cwU‡Nv, iƒciv‡Mv, Aiƒciv‡Mv, gv‡bv,

D×”Ps, Awe¾v|
6| AT&TvZs—AwfT&TvZs, AwfÁvZ A_©vr An©r| Dnvi Ab¨ A_©,
whwb jvf-mrKvi cvBevi Rb¨ we‡k¦ cwiwPZ nB‡Z Pv‡nb bv, †mBiƒc
AÁvZ| LxYvmes—ÿxYvme| Avme Pvwi cÖKvi—Kvgvme, fevme,
`„óvme I Awe`¨vme|
7| m‡Kmy a‡¤§my—¯^xq AvZ¥fve bv‡g AvL¨vZ iƒcvw` cÂ Dcv`vb
¯‹‡Ü| cvi¸—cwiÁvb, Z¨vM, mv¶vrKvi I fvebvi cwic~Y©Zv cÖvß nBqv
cviMZ|
8| m½v—ivM, †Øl, †gvn, gvb I `„wó—GB cuvPwUi Øviv RxeMY
G‡K A‡bï mwnZ m½e× nq ewjqv Dnv‡ì bvg Ôm½Õ|
9| m”Ps—wg_¨vevK¨ weiwZ—mZ¨, PZzivh©mZ¨ Ges cigv_© mZ¨ ev
Awfag©| a‡¤§v—Avh©gvM© I Avh©dj|
10| Z‡gv ZÌ b we¾wZ—mvaviY †jv‡Kiv P›`ª-m~h©vwì Afv‡e
wbe©vY wbZ¨ AÜKvi ewjqv g‡b Kwi‡e GB Avk¼vq fMevb ewj‡Z‡Qb †h
wbe©v‡Y AÜKviI bvB|
2. gyPwj›` eM©
1| we‡eK—Dcwa we‡eK ev wbe©vY| ZyU&Vm&m—†mªvZvcwË,
mK…`vMvgx, AbvMvgx I An©Ë¡gvM© m‡šÍv‡li Øviv mš‘ówPË e¨w³i| KweZvq
ÔZz‡ói we‡eKmyLÕ GBfv‡e M`¨ Kwiqv A_© M„nxZe¨| cm&m‡Zv—ÁvbP¶zi
Øviv `k©bKvixi| Ae¨vc¾s—†µvak~b¨Zv|
2| DcU&Vvb mvjvhs—ag©mfvgÐ‡c| a¤§x ev K_v—PZzivh©mZ¨ a‡g©i
Aewnf‚©Z K_v| Awi‡hv ZzY&nxfv‡ev—GKvšÍ wnZven, weï×, DËg
Avh©Zzòxfve| a¨v‡bi Øviv †gŠbfvevj¤^b| w`wehs myLs—wè¨wenvi
fvebviZ eªþv Ges iƒc-mgvcwË mgvcbœ gbyl¨M‡Yi myLI Ôw`wehs myLsÕ
k‡ãi A‡_© M„nxZe¨|
3| wewnsmwZ—`ytL cÖ`vb K‡i| †c”P—ci‡jv‡K| myL‡gmv‡bv—
myLv‡š^lYKv‡j|
4| ci‡Zv `‡n_—Agy‡Ki Øviv Avgvi GBiƒc myL ev GZB `ytL
Drcbœ nBj BZ¨vw` cÖKv‡i c‡ii Nv‡o PvcvbI DwPZ bq| Dcwa—iƒc,
†e`bvw` cÂ¯‹Ü|
5| b †nvwZ—bvB, Z…òvi Øviv Avgvi ewjqv M„nxZ nq bvB|

m•LZa¤§m&m—hvnvi KZ©e¨ †kl nBqv‡Q| †mªvZvcwËgv‡M© `yt‡Li cwiÁv,
mgy`‡qi cwiZ¨vM, wb‡iv‡ai mv¶vrKvi I Avh© Aóvw½K gvM© fvebv—GB
PvwiwU KvR, Z`ªƒc mK…`vMvgx, AbvMvgx Ges An©Ë¡gv‡M©I Pvwi PvwiwU
Kwiqv 16wU KZ©e¨ hvnvi mgvß nBqv‡Q|
6| †e`¸‡bv—†h AwihgM&MTvYm•LvZs †e`s MZv AwaMZv †Zb P
†e‡`b wbeŸvYs MZvwZ †e`¸‡bv| Avh©gvM©Ávbiƒc Ô†e`Õ ev Ômš‘wóÕ
huvnv‡ì AwaMZ, Ges †mB m‡šÍv‡li Øviv huvnviv cwiwbe©vYcÖvß, ZuvnvivB
†e`Á|
7| gbv‡cv—mðwiÎ| wchiƒc—iƒcvw` wcÖqe¯‘| ANvwe‡bv—
KvwqK-gvbwmK `yt‡L `ytwLZ| cwiRybœv—†ivM-†kvKvwì Øviv nxb
Ae¯’vcÖvß| AN—msmviveZ© `ytL| Avwgm—Avgk©bxq ev ¯úwk©Ze¨ e¯‘|
g„Zzï Øviv webó nq ewjqv mKj RxeB g„Zzï Avwgl| Awe`¨v I Z…òviƒc
Dnv‡ì `yBwU g~j Avh©gvM©Ávbiƒc †Kv`vwji Øviv Dnviv mg~‡j DrcvwUZ
nq|
8| g~j&nMe&fv—e¨vKzjMf©v| M‡f© mšÍvb cÖ_gZ †mvRvfv‡e ewmqv
_v‡K| cÖmeKv‡j Kg©R evqyi Øviv PvwjZ nBqv wdwiqv hvq| Hiƒ‡c
EaŸ©c` Aatwki nBqv ewnwb©®ŒgYKv‡j Kg©dj fv‡jv bv _vwK‡j †hvwbØvi
e× nBqv hvq A_ev wZh©Kfv‡e †hvwbØv‡i Avwmqv c‡o| H Ae¯’vq
Ôe¨vKzjMf©vÕ ewjqv Kw_Z nq|
myàevmv—†Kvwjq ivRKzgvix| wZwb fMev‡bi cÖavbv †mweKv I DrK…ó
†fvR¨`vwqKvM‡Yi AMÖMY¨v wQ‡jb| †mB †mªvZvcbœv ivRKzgvixi M‡f©
c~wiZ cvigx kÖveK †evwamË¡ mxejx ¯’wei Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| GBiƒc cyYëvb
gnvcyiæl Ges Zuvnvi Rbbx Kx Kvi‡Y mvZ ermi mvZ w`b hver gnv Kó
†fvM Kwi‡Z‡Qb Zvnv †`LvBevi Rb¨ cigv_©-`xcbx‡Z GB AvL¨vwqKvwU
Kw_Z nBqv‡Q :
AZxZKv‡j evivYmxi GK ivRv‡K †KvkjivR eû ˆmb¨mvg‡šÍi mwnZ
Ae‡iva Kwiqv wbnZ K‡ib Ges evivYmx iv‡Ri cÖavbv gwnlx‡K wb‡Ri
cvUivYx K‡ib| evivYmx iv‡Ri cyÎ wcZvi g„Zz¨Kv‡j ¸ßØvi w`qv cjvBqv
wMqv ¯^xq ÁvwZwgÎ eÜzevÜeMY‡K GKwÎZ Kwiqv eû ˆmb¨mvgšÍ msM„nxZ
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msev` ïwbqv cy‡Îi Kv‡Q cÎ w`‡jb, Ôerm, hy× Kwiqv KvR bvB—
evivYmx bMixi Pvwiw`‡K Ggbfv‡e wNwiqv †dj, †hb †jvK evwn‡i hvB‡Z

bv cv‡i| Zvnv nB‡j R¡vjvwbKv‡ôi A_ev av‡bï Afv‡e DrKwÉZ nBqv
gvby‡liv ivRv‡K ea Kwiqv †Zvgvi n‡¯Í mgc©Y Kwi‡e|Õ ivRcyÎ gvZvi
cÎ cvBqv bMixi Pvwi gnvìRv mvZ ermi iæ× Kwiqv ivwLqvwQ‡jb|
bvMwi‡Kiv †QvU Øvi w`qv Kvô I avb¨ msMÖn KwiZ| ivYx Dnv ïwbqv
cy‡Îi Kv‡Q ¸ßP‡ii Øviv ewjqv cvVvB‡jb, Ôerm, †QvU ìRvmKjI e×
Kwiqv †djÕ| ivRcyÎ ZvnvB Kwi‡jb| ZLb bvMwi‡Kiv Kvô I av‡bï
Afv‡e Db¥ËcÖvq nBqv mßg wè‡m ivRv‡K gvwiqv †dwjj Ges Zuvnvi
wki jBqv ivRKzgv‡ii n‡¯Í mgc©Y Kwij| ivRKzgvi bM‡i Mgbc~e©K †mB
iv‡Rï Aaxk¦i nB‡jb|
†mB ivRcyÎ eZ©gv‡b mycÖevmv †KvwjqKb¨vi M‡f© Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
†klKv‡j wZwbB jvfxM‡Yi AMÖMY¨ mxejx gnv¯’weiiƒ‡c L¨vZ nb| mvZ
ermi bMi Ae‡iv‡ai d‡j Zuvnv‡K mvZ ermi Mf©evm hš¿Yv †fvM
Kwi‡Z nq Ges mvZ w`b mKj ìRv eÜ Kivi mvZ w`b Mf© nB‡Z
ewnwb©®Œg‡Yi c_ bv cvBqv cwoqv _vwK‡Z nq| gvZv Dnvi civgk©`vZv
ewjqv Zuvnv‡K `xN©Kvj Mf©aviY hš¿Yv †fvM Kwi‡Z nBqv‡Q|
Z_vMZm&m—AU&Vwn Kvi‡Ywn fMev Z_vM‡Zv| Z_v AvM‡ZvwZ
Z_vM‡Zv, Z_v M‡ZvwZ—Z_vM‡Zv, Z_ jK&LYs AvM‡ZvwZ—Z_vM‡Zv,
Z_a‡¤§ h_ve‡Zv Awfm¤^y‡×vwZ—Z_vM‡Zv, Z_`m&wmZvh Z_vM‡Zv, Z_
evw`Zvh—Z_vM‡Zv, Z_ KvixZvh—Z_vM‡Zv, AwffebU&‡Vb Z_vM‡Zv|
Z_v AvMZ ewjqv Z_vMZ, Dnvi A_© Kx? me©‡jv‡Ki wnZmvab gvb‡m
c~e© c~e© ey×M‡Yi b¨vq AcwiwgZ ¸Ymgwš^Z nBqv AvMgb Kwiqv‡Qb
ewjqv fMev‡bi GK bvg Z_vMZ| †hgb c~e© ey×MY `vb, kxj, ˆb®Œg¨,
cÖÁv, exh©, ¶vwšÍ, mZ¨, Awaôvb, ˆgÎx I D‡c¶v—GB `k cvigx, `k
Dccvigx I `k cigv_© cvigx cwic~Y© Kwiqv ey×fv‡e AvMZ nBqv‡Qb,
Z`ªƒc fMevbI wÎsk cvigx c~Y© Kwiqv ey× nb| c~e© c~e© ey×M‡Yi b¨vq
fMevb ab-cwiZ¨vM, ¯¿x-cwiZ¨vM, cyÎ-cwiZ¨vM, A½-cwiZ¨vM I Rxeb-
cwiZ¨vM—GB cÂ gnvcwiZ¨vM Kwiqv ÁvwZwnZ, †jvKwnZ Ges eyw×i
cwicK¡Zv mvab Kwiqv Avwmqv‡Qb| c~e© ey×M‡Yi b¨vq Avgv‡ì fMevbI
mßwÎsk †evwac¶xq ag© fvebv Kwiqv ey×Z¡ jvf Kwiqv‡Qb, ZvB
kÖxfMev‡bi bvg Z_vMZ|
Z_vMZ ewjqv Z_vMZ—†hgb c~e© c~e© ey×MY Rb¥gv‡ÎB DËi w`‡K
mvZ cv Mgb K‡ib Ges ÔA‡¹vngw¯§, †mU&‡Vvngw¯§Õ ÔAMÖZ¡ †kÖôZ¡Õ jvf
KwiqvwQ ewjqv exievK¨ aŸwbZ K‡ib, fMevbI Z`ªƒc KwiqvwQ‡jb ewjqv
Z_vMZ| c~e© ey×M‡Yi b¨vq fMevbI ˆb®Œ‡gï Øviv KvgZ¨vM, A‡µv‡ai

Øviv †µvaZ¨vM, Av‡jvKmsÁvi Øviv Z›`ªvj‡mï Z¨vM, GKvMÖZvi Øviv
J×Z¨vby‡kvPbv-Z¨vM, ag©wePv‡ii Øviv m‡›`nZ¨vM, Ges ag©v‡gv‡ì Øviv
AiwZ Avw` eûwea cvc Z¨vM Kwiqv wMqv‡Qb ewjqv fMev‡bi bvg
Z_vMZ|
Kxiƒ‡c ÔZ_j¶‡YÕ AvMZ ewjqv Z_vMZ? c„w_exavZzi KK©k j¶Y,
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cÖenY j¶Y, AvKvkavZzi k~b¨Zv j¶Y, iƒ‡ci iƒcY ev wfbœ fve aviY
j¶Y, †e`bvi Abyfeb j¶Y, msÁvi mÄvbb j¶Y, ms¯‹v‡ii
Awfms¯‹iY j¶Y, weÁv‡bi weRvbb j¶Y, Z`ªƒc AvqZb, avZz, Bw›`ªq,
mZ¨, c”PqvKvi (DcKviK ag©) ¯§„wZ, exh©, Fw×, ej, †eva¨½, Avh©
Aóvw½K gvM©, mß weïw× Avw` mKj ag© I ¯^fv‡ei h_vh_ j¶Y im
cÖZ¨¶ Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv fMev‡bi bvg Z_vMZ|
fMevb †hB PZzivh©mZ¨ Avwe®‹vi Kwiqv‡Qb Dnv ÔZ_Õ j¶Yhy³ A_v©r
Zv`„k ¯^fvem¤úbœ, Dnvi KL‡bv Ab¨_v nq bv ZvB Kw_Z nBqv‡Q :
Z_vwb mPvwb mgšÍ PK&Lybv,
Z_v B`à”PhZv P meŸ‡mv
AbT&T‡bh¨ bh‡Zv wefvweZv
Z_vM‡Zv †Zb wR‡bv Z_vM‡Zv,
Z_v`k©x ewjqv Z_vMZ, Z_vev`x ewjqv Z_vMZ Ges Z_vKvix ewjqv
Z_vMZ| ms‡¶‡c Mv_vq wk¶Yxq :
h‡Zv P a¤§s Z_‡ge fvmwZ
K‡ivwZ ev Zm&mbyiƒcgË‡bv,
¸‡Ywn †jvKs Awff‚hïxhwZ
Z_vM‡Zv †Zbwc †jvKbvh‡Kv|
GBiƒ‡c Z_vMZ k‡ãi A_© AwZ ms‡¶‡c mgvß Kiv nBj| cigv_©
`xcbx‡Z Ges gayiv_©wejvwmbx‡Z mywe¯Í…Z A_© ewY©Z Av‡Q|
9| ¯^vZbvh—¯^vZb cy‡Yï Rb¨, A_v©r AvMvgxKj¨ `vbgq cyY¨
jv‡fi Rb¨| cvwU‡fv‡Mv—cÖwZf‚ ev Rvwgb| b Zx‡iwZ—mgvß K‡i bv|
mvavi‡Y—eûwea `yt‡Li KviY hvnv Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q mPivPi Dcw¯’Z
nBqv _v‡K|
10| cbœ‡jv‡gv—†jvg hLb wknwiqv †mvRv nBqv I‡V bv|
cièy‡Ëv—cicÖ`Ë `ª‡eï Øviv Rxebhvcb| wgMfz‡Zb †PZmv—Z`ªƒc
g„M Ai‡Y¨ wePiYKv‡j mKj e¯‘i cÖwZ AjMœwPË nBqv h_v-B”Qv
MgbvMgb I kqbvw` K‡i, Z`ªƒc g„MwPËer wP‡Ëi Øviv|
3. b›` eM©
1| AwenT&Tgv‡bv—ˆPZwmK `ytL Drcv`b bv Kwiqv c~e©Kg©R
`ytL‡K w¯’ifv‡e mn¨ Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z AbvnZ wP‡Ë| Rbs j‡cZ‡e—
Avgvi Rb¨ Ila-c_¨vw` cÖ¯‘Z Ki BZ¨vw` Kvnv‡KI ewjevi cÖ‡qvRb nq
bv| KviY ¶xYvmeM‡Yi B”Qv—av‡bi †Lvmvi b¨vq A_ev cvÐz cjv‡mi
b¨vq GB †`n ¯^qs Lywjqv co–K; h_v :
bvwfK•Lvwg giYs bvwfK•Lvwg RxweZs
KvjÂ cwUK•Lvwg wbweŸms fZ‡Kv h_v|
2| AvewËm&mvwg—wdwiqv hvBe| Aàg‡Ëv—¯§„wZ nB‡Z fvebvi
welq (Kg©¯’vb) Z¨vM bv Kwi‡j Zvnv‡K AcÖgË e‡j|
eycKU&‡Vv—e¯‘Kvg Ges †K¬kKvg nB‡Z Kvq Ges wPË‡K
mshZKvix| AvZvcx—KvwqK Ges ˆPZwmK ex‡h©i Øviv ZvwcZ, †ZRe¯‘|
cv‡ci Aci bvg Ô†K¬kÕ; †Kbbv Dnviv RxeMY‡K †K¬k cÖ`vb K‡i| Dnv
`k cÖKvi, h_v : †jvf, †Øl, †gvn, gvb, `„wó, wewPwKrmv, w_b (KvwqK
Avjm¨), J×Z¨, wbj©¾Zv I wbf©qZv| cwnZ‡Ëv—kixi Ges Rxe‡bi
ggZv Z¨vM Kwiqv m×g© I wbe©vYMZwPË|
AwfÁv—AwfÁv Qq cÖKvi; h_v : c~e©wbev‡m AwfÁvb (we‡kliƒ‡c
Rvbv), wè¨P¶z AwfÁvb, ciwPËweRvbb AwfÁvb, wewea Fw×Ávb,
wè¨kÖæwZÁvb I Avme¶qÁvb| c¼—wg_¨v`„wó‡K `„wóc¼ ejv nq| cybt
cybt †h‡Kv‡bv f‡e Drcbœ nBqv RxeMY H ¯’v‡bi gvqv Qvwo‡Z Pvq bv;
ZvB c¼cwZZ †jv‡Ki b¨vq nq ewjqv mKj msmvi‡K fec¼ ejv nq|
3| wZm&‡mv we¾v—c~e©wbevmvby¯§„wZ, wè¨P¶z I Avme¶qÁvb‡K
wÎwe`¨v e‡j| Av‡jvKRvZv weh—P›`mnm&m mywihmnm&‡mwn IfvwmZ
wehwZ A‡_v| h‡mvR cÖgyL cÂkZ wf¶z me©‡Zvfv‡e Awe`¨vÜKvi weawgZ
Kwiqv Av‡jvKgq Aefvmgq nBqv wePiY Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb ewjqv fMevb
Zuvnv‡ì cÖksmv Kwi‡Z‡Qb|
4| cwigyLs mwZs DU&Vv‡cZ¡v—Avi¤§YvwfgyLs mwZs
DcU&VwcZ¡vwhZ¡v—ÔAhs mwZ DcU&wVZv †nvwZ m~cU&wVZv bvwmKM&‡M ev gyL
wbwg‡Ë evÕ wef½| bvwmKv‡MÖ ev gyLgÐ‡j ¯§„wZ ¯’vcb Kwiqv|
†gvnK&Lh—PZzivh©m‡Z¨ AÁZviƒc †gvn ev Awe`¨vi webvk Ges
†gvng~jRvZ hveZxq AKzkj a‡g©i webvk|

5| KvhMZvh mwZhv—G¯’‡j †Kk nB‡Z cyixl ev weôv ch©šÍ
kixivsk c„w_ex avZzi Ask, wcË nB‡Z gyÎ ch©šÍ AvcavZz BZ¨vw` iƒ‡c
¯’wei KvqMZvby¯§„wZ fvebv K‡ib| dm&mvhZ‡bmy—P¶z, KY©, bvwmKv,
wRnŸv, Kvq I gb GB QqwU‡K Qq ¯úk©vqZb e‡j| RT&Tv—gvM©dj
Áv‡bi Øviv cÖwZwe× ev jvf Kwi‡e, mv¶vrKvi ev cÖZ¨¶ Kwi‡e|
eyU&Vvwm—DwÌZ nb, Kxiƒ‡c a¨vb nB‡Z DwÌZ nIqv hvq; wb‡ivas
mgvc‡bœvwn Ainv †P AinËdjm&m, AbvMvwg †P AbvMvwgdjm&m Dàv‡`b
eyU&wV‡Zv bvg †nvwZ| djwP‡Ëi DrcwË‡Z a¨vb nB‡Z IVv nq| m‡°v—
†èivR kµ| gq~‡ii c‡ì b¨vq c`wewkóv cuvPkZ my›ìx Aáiv †èivR
KZ©„K †cÖwiZ nBqv Aó mgvcwËwbiZ lovwfÁ gnvcyiæl gnvKvk¨c‡K `vb
w`‡Z AvwmqvwQj| wZwb `vb MÖn‡Y A¯^xK…Z nB‡j Zvnviv †è‡jv‡K
wdwiqv wMqvwQj| mvZ w`b wb‡iva mgvcwË a¨vb nB‡Z DwVqv hLb
Avqy®§vb gnvKvk¨c wcÐPvi‡Y cÖweó nb, ZLb H AáivMY †èivR‡K bv
ewjqv Avevi wf¶v w`‡Z Avwmj, wKš‘ wZwb GeviI Zvnv‡ì wf¶v MÖnY
Kwi‡jb bv| wZwb ewj‡jb, Ô`wi`ªw`‡MiB DcKvi Kwie, Zvnv‡ìB wf¶v
MÖnY Kwie|Õ AáivMY †è‡jv‡K wdwiqv †M‡j †èivR wRÁvmv Kwiqv H
welq AeMZ nB‡jb, ZLb wZwb GK e„× ZuvwZi †ek awiqv myRv bvgœx
†èivYx‡K e„×v ZuvwZi †e‡k M„‡n ivwLqv w`qv Lv`¨-†fv‡R¨ fvÐ cwic~Y©
Kwi‡jb| Avqy®§vb gnvKvk¨c Zuvnv‡ì M„nØv‡i Dcw¯’Z nB‡j Zuvnviv
Lv`¨-†fvR¨ w`qv cvÎ cwic~Y© Kwiqv w`‡jb| GBiƒ‡c msN †èMY KZ…©KI
c~wRZ nB‡Zb|
9| IK—AvqZb| P¶z, KY©, bvwmKv, wRnŸv Kvq I gb—GB Qq
AvqZ‡bi Øviv 108 cÖKvi Z…òv ¶wiZ nq ewjqv Z…òvi Aci bvg
IKmvix, Dnvi Afv‡e A‡bvK mvix| 108 cÖKvi Z…òv, h_v : D³ P¶z
Avw` Qq AvqZ‡bi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z KvgZ…òv, feZ…òv Ges wefeZ…òv ev
webó nBevi Z…òv—GB wZbwU Kwiqv †gvU 18 cÖKvi Z…òv mªweZ nq|
Zb¥‡a¨ KvgZ…òv—e¯‘Kvg I †K¬kKvg †f‡` wØwea; myZivs 36 cÖKvi
Z…òv| cÖ‡Z¨K Z…òv AZx‡Zi Z…òv, eZ©gv‡bi Z…òv I fwel¨‡Zi Z…òv
†f‡` wÎwea, AZGe (36 r 3) = 108 cÖKvi Z…òv|
10| gvi—cÂgvi, †K¬kgvi, Awfms¯‹vi ev (†fvM‡PZbv gvi)
(cyTT & vwfm•Lviv, AcyTT& wfm•Lviv I Av‡bÄvwfm•Lviv), ekeZ©x
¯^M©evmx †ècyÎ gvi (GB gviÎq Avh©gv‡M©i DrcwË¶‡Y civ¯Í nq),
¯‹Ügvi I g„Zz¨gvi (GB gviØq cwiwbe©vY cÖvwßi mgq AwšÍg wPË ¶‡Y

Awff‚Z ev civwRZ nq)—GB cuvP cÖKvi gvi‡K cÂgvi e‡j|
meŸfev—mKj fe ev msmvi| avZz‡f‡` fe wZb cÖKvi; h_v : Kvgfe,
iƒcfe, I Aiƒcfe| ¯‹Ü‡f‡` fe wZb cÖKvi; h_v : GK‡evKvi (¯‹Ü)
fe, PZz‡evKvi fe I cÂ‡evKvi fe| msÁv‡f‡` fe wZb cÖKvi; h_v :
msÁvfe, AmsÁvfe, I ˆbemsÁv-bv-msÁvfe| mËvw` †f‡` fe wZb
cÖKvi; h_v : mË¡‡jvK ev RxeRMr, ms¯‹vi‡jvK ev evn¨ RMr Ges
AeKvk‡jvK ev AvKvkavZz| D³ me©cÖKvi feB DrcwË-wej‡qi Aaxb
ewjqv AwbZ¨| DrcwË-webv‡ki m‡½ m‡½ H mKj f‡e wb‡®úwlZ nB‡Z
nq ewjqv `ytL, Ges Dnviv mvik~b¨, Avi KvnviI B”Qve‡k cwiPvwjZ nq
bv ewjqv AbvZ¥v|
4. †gwNq eM©
1| cavbvh—fvebvw` kÖgY ag© Kwievi Rb¨| Awfm‡jøwLKv—
†K¬kwbP‡qi ¯^íZvmvwaKv, cwiZ¨vMKvwiYx| †P‡Zv weeiY màvhv—wP‡Ëi
AveiY¯îƒc lobxei‡Yi cwiZ¨v‡M I wP‡Ëi weKvkK kg_-we`k©b
fvebvq DcKvix| wbweŸ`vh weivMvh wb‡ivavh—GB wZb c‡ì Øviv
we`k©b †`wkZ| Dcmgvh AwfT&Tvh—GB `yB c‡ì Øviv gvM© †`wkZ|
m‡¤^vavh wbeŸvbvh—GB `yB c‡ì Øviv dj Kw_Z nBqv‡Q| Awà”Q
K_vh—AgyK Kvg¨ e¯‘ jvf nB‡j Zvici nB‡Z ag©K‡g© g‡bv‡hvM wè
GBfv‡e gnv B”Qv m¤úbœ e¨w³ gb‡K cÖ‡eva w`qv _v‡K, wKš‘ Avkv hLb
wm× nq ZLb AviI kZ Avkv Avwmqv Zvnvi gb‡K Kv‡g Ave× K‡i ZvB
Kw_Z nBqv‡Q :
ÔPZze&wf AU&VR&SMgv AU&Vvwn P †mvjm
†mvjmwn P ewËsm AwÎ”Qs P°gvm‡`
B”QvnZm&m †cvmm&m P°s fgwZ gÌ‡KÕwZ|
B”Qv ev Z…òvi cwiZ¨v‡MB gyw³, BZ¨vw` Awà”Q K_v ejv DwPZ|

we‡eK—evsjvq we‡eK k‡ãi A_© Ávb eySvq| wKš‘ h_v_©Z we‡eK k‡ãi
A_© wZb cÖKvi; h_v : Kvqwe‡eK, wPËwe‡eK I Dcwawe‡eK| GKvKx emv,
DVv, Pjv, kqb Kiv Ges KvRKg©vw` Kivi bvg Kvqwe‡eK| cÖ_g a¨vb
Avw` PvwiwU a¨vb I Pvwi AiƒcvePi a¨vb GB AvU cÖKvi mgvcwËi bvg
wPËwe‡eK| wbe©v‡Yi bvg Dcwawe‡eK| ivMm&m cnvbvh—Kvgiv‡Mi
cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ KvqMZv¯§„wZ ev `k AïfmsÁv fvebv Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

D`vniY¯îƒc, GKRb †jvK KuvwP jBqv avb KvwU‡Z wQj| ZLb Zvnvi
†¶‡Zi †Niv fvw½qv KZK¸wj Miæ avb LvB‡Z jvwMj| †m KuvwP ivwLqv
jvwV jBqv Miæ mKj ZvovBqv w`j| Ges †NivLvwb †givgZ Kwiqv w`j|
Zvici Avevi KuvwP jBqv avb KvwU‡Z jvwMj| G¯’‡j avb¨‡”Q`bKvixi
b¨vq †hvMvePi, avb¨‡¶‡Îi b¨vq ey×kvmb, KuvwPi b¨vq cÖÁv,
avb¨‡”Q`‡bi b¨vq we`k©b fvebv, jvwVi b¨vq Aïf fvebv, †Nivi b¨vq
Bw›`ªq mshg, †Niv fvwOqv Miæ cÖ‡e‡ki b¨vq cÖgvèkZ Kvgiv‡Mi
DrcwË| Miæ ZvovBqv †Niv †givgZ Kwiqv cybt avb¨‡”Q`‡bi b¨vq Aïf
fvebvi Øviv KvgivM weZvwoZ Kwiqv AcÖgËfv‡e cybt we`k©b fvebviZ
nIqv| wÙ&‡Vea‡¤§ wbeŸvYs—Aw¯§-gvb mg~‡j wQbœ nB‡j GB AvZ¥fv‡eB
wbe©vY jvf nq| GZB my›ì cwic~Y©fv‡e fMevb gyw³i welq †`kbv
Kwiqv‡Qb, GLb gyw³Kvgx e¨w³iB we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb| êivM¨m¤úbœ cwÐZ
mywkw¶Z †jv‡Ki †Póv _vwK‡j ïf gyn~Z© Avwm‡e|
2| TZ¡vb D`heŸhs—D`q-e¨qÁvb Rwb¥‡j Avme¶q nq ewjqv
A½yËi wbKv‡qi PZz° wbcv‡Z Kw_Z nBqv‡Q| cÖwZmw¤¢`vgv‡M© D`q-e¨q
fvebvi cÖYvjx Kw_Z nBqv‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ cÖ‡Z¨K ¯‹‡Ü D`q ev DrcwË `k©b
Kwi‡Z cuvPwU j¶Y Ges e¨q ev wejq `k©b Kwi‡Z cuvPwU j¶Y `„ó nq|
D`q-e¨q `k©‡b †gvU 50wU j¶Y `„ó nq; h_v : Awe`¨v, Z…òv, Kg© I
Avnv‡ii DrcwË‡Z iƒ‡ci DrcwË, Dnv‡ì wb‡iv‡a iƒ‡ci wb‡iva|
Avwef©ve (wbeŸwË) j¶‡Yi Øviv iƒ‡ci DrcwË I wZ‡ivfve (wecwiYvg)
j¶‡Yi Øviv iƒ‡ci wb‡iva ÁvZe¨| BZ¨vw` cwic~Y© Rvwb‡j Avme¶q
Kwiqv `yt‡Li AšÍmvab Kiv nB‡e| AZGe h_vh_ Rvwbevi Rb¨
cÖwZmw¤¢`vgvM© Aa¨qb wbZvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
3| wg”QvcwYwnZs wPËs—wnsmª Rš‘, cÖej kÎæ, GgbwK wb`©q ivRv
ch©šÍ Rx‡ei †h Awbó Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv wg_¨v`„wó, wg_¨vmsKí cÖf…wZ Aó
wg_¨vag© Zvnv A‡c¶vI Rx‡ei me©bvk mvab K‡i| AZGe H mKj
weler cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv mg¨K`„wó mg¨K msKívw` Avh© Aóvw½K gv‡M©i
¯§iY, aviY I e„w×i Øviv my‡Li fvMx nB‡Z †Póv Kiv eyw×gvb
gvbegv‡ÎiB KZ©e¨|
4| iRbx‡hmy—KvgivM DrcwËi †nZzf‚Z wÎ‡jv‡Ki welq mK‡j|
†Kvc‡b‡h¨ b KzàwZ—Avgvi Awbó Kwij BZ¨vw` bewea †µva DrcwËi
KviY we`¨gvb _vwK‡jI whwb µz× nb bv|
5| bvM—Av¸ k‡ãi A_© cvc| †mB Av¸ whwb K‡ib bv wZwbB bvM
ev wb®úvc ey×bvM| Aci bvM k‡ãi A_© n¯Íx| mc©‡KI bvM ejv nq|

GLv‡b Zvnv b‡n|
6| c¯’Â mhbvmbs—msmM©weiwnZ kh¨v I Avmb, mq‡bi Abyev‡`
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b kqbB ivwLqv †Ìqv nBqv‡Q, Dnvi A_© kh¨v ewjqv
M„nxZe¨| AwawP‡Ë P Av‡hv‡Mv—Aó mgvcwË fvebvq ZrciZv|
7| †gvbc‡_my—mßwÎsk †evwac¶xq ag© Ges Awakxj, AwawPË I
AwacÖÁv wk¶v| mßwÎsk †evwac¶xq ag©; h_v : Pvwi mwZcU&Vvbv, Pvwi
m¤§àavbv, Pvwi Bw×cv`v, cwÂw›`ªhvwb, cÂejvwb, mß †evÀv½vwb Ges
Awi‡hv AU&Vw½‡Kv g‡¹v (142 c„ôvi Abyev‡` `ªóe¨|)
8| Awaevm‡h—mn¨ Kwi‡e| c‡i kZ Awbó mvab Kwi‡jI Dnv
wb‡Ri c~e©K…Z Kg©dj g‡b Kwiqv mn¨ Kiv DwPZ| whwb wÎsk cviwgZv
c~Y© Kwi‡Z mgy`ªR‡ji AwaK i³ `vb Kwiqv‡Qb, b¶ÎivwRi †P‡q †ewk
P¶z `vb Kwiqv‡Qb, ce©Z nB‡ZI †ewk gyKzU-†kvwfZ wki `vb Kwiqv‡Qb
GBiƒc AbšÍ cy‡Yï Avavi fMevb mg¨Km¤^y×‡KI c~e©K…Z cvc `ytL
w`qvwQj, Avi mvaviY †jv‡Ki K_vB-ev Kx?
fMevb c~‡e© GK cwÐZ eªvþY R‡b¥ cuvPkZ wkl¨‡K wk¶v w`‡Zb|
fxg bvgK GK cÂvwfÁvcÖvß Fwl Z_vq Avwm‡j †evwamË¡ Zuvnv‡K
Kvg‡fvMx ewjqv wb›`v K‡ib| Zuvnvi wklïvI H K_vq mvq cÖ`vb K‡i|
†mB cvcK‡g©i d‡j my›ìx cwieªvwRKv fMev‡bi I cuvPkZ wf¶zi e„_v
Kzrmv iUbv Kwi‡Z mg_©v nq| Kg©dj †fvM bv nB‡j KL‡bv LÐb nq bv|
GgbwK fMevb ey×Z¡ jvf KwiqvI Dnv LÐvB‡Z cvwi‡jb bv| ZvB
Ac`v‡b D³ nBqv‡Q : Ô . . . bwn K¤§s webm&mwZÕ A_©vr Kg© KL‡bv webó
nq bv| AZGe cvcKg© weler cwiZ¨vR¨|
5. †mvY ¯’wei eM©

cy_y AËv—c„_K AvZ¥v| ey×a‡g© ÔAvZ¥vÕ k‡ãi ¯’‡jB Ab¨ ag©vej¤^x
†jLKMY †Mvjgvj Kwiqv e‡mb| ZvB K‡ZK cigv_©ZË¡ cÖKvwkZ
nB‡Z‡Q :
fMevb ey× AvZ¥v ¯^xKvi K‡ib bv, A_P c~e©wbevm Ges Rb¥všÍiev`
cÖPvi Kwiqv‡Qb, ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b Hiƒc AvZ¥v k‡ãiI cÖ‡qvM Kwiqv‡Qb|
fMevb †Kvb cÖKv‡ii AvZ¥v ¯^xKvi K‡ib bv? AvZ¥ev`xi g‡Z kvk¦Z,
aªæe, wPi¯’vqx AvZ¥v I cigvZ¥v Av‡Q, Dnv Awebk¦i GgbwK Rxe ea
Kwi‡jI H AvZ¥v‡K ea Kwi‡Z cviv hvq bv| Hiƒc wPi¯’vqx AvZ¥v (ego)
fMevb ey× ¯^xKvi K‡ib bv| KZK¸wj mZ¨ †jŠwKK Avi KZK¸wj mZ¨
†jv‡KvËi| †jŠwKK mZ¨ fve‡ev‡ai Rb¨ fMevb eënvi Kwiqv‡Qb e‡U;

wKš‘ cigv_©Z Dnv mZ¨ ewjqv cÖPvi K‡ib bvB| †hgb M„n ewj‡Z
†jŠwKK e‡k mZ¨ nB‡jI Avm‡j M„n ewjqv †Kv‡bv GKwU wRwbm bvB|
euvk, KvV, gvwU, wUb, †eZ, †c‡iK BZ¨vw` ci¯úi ms‡hvM Kwiqv GK LÐ
AvKvk‡K wNwiqv w`‡j Dnv M„n bv‡g me©m¤§wZµ‡g eëüZ nq, Z`ªƒc
AvZ¥v ewjqv †Kv‡bv GKwU ¯’vqx wKQy bvB, iƒc, †e`bv, msÁv, ms¯‹vi I
weÁvb—GB cÂ¯‹Ü aviY Kwiqv †jv‡K ÔAvwgÕ, ÔZzwgÕ ewjqv e‡j,
Avwg‡Z¡i Awfgvb K‡i|
Zb¥‡a¨ AvZ¥ev`x‡ì †Kn †Kn iƒc‡K, †Kn †Kn †e`bv‡K, †Kn
msÁv‡K, †Kn ms¯‹vi‡K Ges †KnI-ev weÁvb‡K AvZ¥v ewjqv g‡b K‡i|
wKš‘ †KnB H cÂ¯‹Ü‡K ¯ê‡k cwiPvwjZ Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv Ges †KnB
Zvnv‡Z wKQy mvi wRwbm cvq bvB AZGe Dnv KvnviI AvZ¥v b‡n, †jv‡K
eënv‡ii myweav_© AvZ¥v bvg cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Q gvÎ|
GLb cÖkœ nB‡Z cv‡i c~e© c~e© R‡b¥ †evwamË¡ cviwgZv c~Y© Kwi‡jb,
†kl R‡b¥ ey×Z¡ jvf Kwi‡jb| †Kvb e¯‘wU Hiƒ‡c Rb¥všÍi MÖnY Kwij?
Z`yË‡i—¯’vqx †Kv‡bv e¯‘ Rb¥všÍi MÖnY K‡i bv, Ges c~‡e©i †nZz webvI
nq bv| †hgb GKwU e„¶ nB‡Z dj cwoj, H d‡ji exR nB‡Z Avi GK
e„¶ Drcbœ nBj, G¯’‡j c~e©eZ©x e„¶wU cieZ©x e„¶iƒ‡c Av‡m bvB,
c~e©eZ©x e„‡¶i ex‡Ri Afv‡e cieZ©x e„‡¶i DrcwËI Am¤¢e nBZ| Z`ªƒc
†Kv‡bv AvZ¥v ewjqv kvk¦Z e¯‘ Rb¥všÍi MÖnY K‡i bv Ges c~e©eZ©x Kg©-
ex‡Ri Afv‡e cieZ©x Rxeiƒcx e„‡¶iI D`&Mg nq bv| †hgb aŸwb I
cÖwZaŸwbi ci¯úi m¤^Ü Z`ªƒc Rx‡ei c~e© c~e© K‡g©i mwnZ ci ci R‡b¥i
m¤^Ü iwnqv‡Q| ZvB eënvwiK e‡k ÔAvwg AgyK R‡b¥ cviwgZv c~Y©
KwiqvwQÕ ewjqv fMevb ewjqv‡Qb| cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv‡` [KviY-d‡j] Ávb
nB‡jB AvZ¥`„wóiƒc wg_¨v`„wó `~ixf‚Z nq| e¯‘Z cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv` e¨ZxZ
†Kv‡bv `ªe¨B bvB| †h cÖ`xcwU †`wL‡ZQ Dnvi KviY Kx? `xcvavi
ˆZjewZ©Kv I AwMœms‡hvM Dnvi KviY| KviY PZzó‡qi Afv‡e cÖ`xciƒcx
dj `„k¨gvbiƒ‡c AvZ¥cÖKvk Kwi‡e bv| mKjB Z`ªƒc ÁvZe¨|
3| a¤§PK&Ly—†mªvZvcwËgM&‡Mv| Dnvi GKwU Dcgv : e¯¿m`„k wPË,
Avevi e¯¿ gwjb nIqvi b¨vq wPË cvcg‡j gwjb nIqv; e¯¿ †aŠZ Kwievi
Z³vi b¨vq `vb-kxjvw` AvbyµwgK K_v; R‡ji b¨vq kÖ×v; ¶vi‡hv‡M cybt
cybt AvQovBqv e¯¿ †aŠZKi‡Yi b¨vq cvcZ¨v‡Mi I m×g©jv‡fi Drmvn|
e‡¯¿i gqjv cwi®‹vi nBqv hvIqvi b¨vq cvcvcM‡g wP‡Ëi cÖfv¯î Ae¯’v|
e‡¯¿i wbg©jZv cÖfv¯îZv cwi”QbœZv mvevbvw` ¶v‡ii ØvivB we‡klfv‡e
m¤úvw`Z nq; H ¶vim`„k †mªvZvcwËgvM©| GB †mªvZvcwËgvM© mnmª

b¨vqgwÐZ, cig `yj©f| Dnv jvf Kwi‡j Acvq `yt‡Li fq wPiZ‡i
AcmvwiZ nBqv hvq| AZGe gbyl¨gv‡ÎiB †mªvZvcwËgvM© jv‡fi Rb¨
mKj kw³ w`qv †Póv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
Acic”P‡hv—bvm&m c‡iv c”P‡hv, b cim&m m×vh GÌ eËZxwZ|
iZœÎ‡qi ¸Y m¤^‡Ü, Avh©KvšÍ kxj m¤^‡Ü ev Avh© b¨vq cwU”P-mgyàv`
m¤^‡Ü wek¦vm Rb¥vBevi Rb¨ hLb Aci KvnviI mvnv‡hï cÖ‡qvRb nq bv,
¯^xq wPË ØvivB ¯^qs eywSqv _v‡Kb ZLb kv¯Ív-kvm‡b Acic”PqZv ev
¯^q¤¢zÁvb Drcbœ nq|
†mªvZvc‡bœv—†mvZ m•LvZs AwihgMœs Avw`‡Zv c‡bœv—wbe©vYMvwgbx
†mªvZiƒc Avh© Aóvw½K gv‡M© cÖ_g cwZZ e¨w³| wbh‡Zv—ag©wbq‡g
wbqwgZ ev wbqZ|
4| D‡c”P—PZzicv‡q ev gbyl¨‡jv‡K GB cvc Avi Avgv‡ì
cðv`vbymiY Kwi‡e bv, GB ¯’vb nB‡Z cjvBqv †M‡j euvwPe GBiƒc Avkv
Kwiqv|
5| msKm&mi mgvPv‡iv—†Kv‡bv AcweÎ KvR †`wLqv ÔAgyK GB KvR
Kwiqv _vwK‡eÕ GBfv‡e c‡ii Avk¼vRbK AvPvi, A_ev †Kn †Kv‡bv
gš¿Yv Kwi‡j cvcx e¨w³ k¼v K‡i †h ÔDnviv †eva nq Avgvi welq
Av‡jvPbv Kwi‡Z‡QÕ Hiƒc Avk¼vRbK Kg©Kvix e¨w³ ÔmsKm&mi
mgvPv‡ivÕ| PËv‡iv mwZcU&Vvbv : (1) Kv‡h Kvhvbycm&mbv mwZcU&Vvbv—
†`‡ni cÖ‡Z¨K AïwP Ask, k¦vm-cÖk¦vm I g„Z‡`‡ni Ae¯’v cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c
ch©‡e¶Y| (2) †e`bvmy †e`bvbycm&mbv mwZcU&Vvbv—myL, `ytL I D‡c¶v
†e`bvi D`‡q Dnv wK Kv‡gi Avwgl‡nZz nBj A_ev wK êivM¨‡nZz nBj
Zvnv cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c ch©‡e¶Y| (3) wP‡Ë wPËvbycm&mbv mwZcU&Vvbv—
wPË ivMhy³, †Ølhy³, †gvnhy³ nB‡j A_ev exZivM, exZ‡Øl I exZ‡gvn
nB‡j Z`&welqI mg¨Kfv‡e Rvbv| wP‡Ëi gnvcÖvYZv jvf, wP‡Ëi
m¼xY©Zv, †jŠwKK Ae¯’v †jv‡KvËi Ae¯’v, Awegy³ Ae¯’v Ges wegy³
Ae¯’v m¤^‡Ü mwe‡kl Ávb| (4) a‡¤§ a¤§vbycm&mbv mwZcU&Vvbv—¯^xq
gvb‡m Kvg”Q›`vw` bxeiY _vwK‡j Av‡Q ewjqv Rvbv, Kxiƒ‡c Dnv Z¨vM
Kiv hvq I cyb‡ivrcwË bv nq g‡Zv Kiv hvq Z`&wel‡q h_vh_ Ávb|
cÂ¯‹‡Üi DrcwË-wejq m¤^‡Ü Ávb, P¶z, KYv©wì mwnZ iƒc-kãvwì
mgvM‡g †h eÜb ev ms‡hvR‡bi m„wó nq Dnvw`M‡K †Q`b Kwievi Dcvq
Rvbv, mß †eva¨½ I Avh© Aóvw½K gvM© fvebvi AwfÁZv jvf, GB
mKj‡K Ôa‡¤§my a¤§vbycm&mbv mwZcU&VvbvÕ e‡j| ms‡¶‡c K‡qK Mv_vq :

Kvhvbycm&mbv Kv‡h †e`bv Abycm&mbv,
wPËvbycm&mbv wP‡Ë a‡¤§ a¤§vbycm&mbv|
Avbvcvb Bwihvc_s m¤úRT&Ts cwU°zjs
avZz wmewÌKv be PzÏmv Kvhvbycm&mbv|
myLs `yKL& s Z`T&Ts ev mvwgms ev wbivwgms
†e`bs †e`gv‡bv, †mv Z`vKvis Ôbycm&m‡h|
ivM-†`vm-†gvns wPËs gn¹Zs P DËis,
mgvwnZs wegyËwšÍ wPËvbycm&m‡h wfK&Ly|
bxei‡Ymy L‡Ümy AvhZ‡bmy †evÀ‡½
m‡”Pmy AÀË ewn×v a¤§vbycm&m‡h hwZ|
PËv‡iv m¤§àavbv—AK…Zc~e© KvwqK, evPwbK I gvbwmK cvc bv

Kwievi Rb¨ cÖej B”Qv, ejeZx †Póv, Ges gnv D‡`¨vM, K…Zc~e© cvc
wPšÍv cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ cÖej B”Qv, ejeZx †Póv Ges gnv D‡`¨vM| AÁvZ
m×g© Rvwbevi RbÏ AK…Zc~e© mrKg© Kwievi Rb¨ cÖej B”Qv, ejeZx
†Póv Ges gnv D‡`¨vM| ÁvZm×g© bv fzwjevi Rb¨, w¯’wZ, e„w× I
AcwiwgZ AwaK Kwievi Rb¨ cÖej B”Qv, ejeZx †Póv Ges gnv D‡`¨vM|
PËv‡iv Bw×cv`v—(cÖwZmw¤¢`vgvM© I wef½ nB‡Z †`wLqv jB‡eb
¯’vbvfveekZ G¯’‡j w`‡Z cvwijvg bv)| cÂ-Bw›`ªq I cÂej—Abyev‡`
†`Lyb)|
mË †evÀ½vwb—¯§„wZ, ag©wePvi, exh©, cÖxwZ, cÖkvwšÍ, mgvwa I
D‡c¶v|
Awi‡hv AU&Vw½‡Kv gM&‡Mv—mg¨K `„wó, mg¨K msKí, mg¨K evK¨,
mg¨K Kg©všÍ, mg¨K AvRxe, mg¨K e¨vqvg, mg¨K ¯§„wZ, I mg¨K mgvwa|
(myPviæiƒ‡c Rvwbevi Rb¨ cvwj fvlvq AwfÁZv jvf AZz¨Ëg)| H
mßwÎsk †evwac¶xq a‡g©i bvggvÎ Rvwb‡j Kvh© nB‡e bv, hZB Dnv‡ì
A_© M‡elYv Ges fvebv Kiv hvB‡e ZZB gvbm iZœ‡Kv‡l Ôcig `yjø‡fvÕ
m×g©iZœ mwÂZ nB‡e|
Mv_vi Abyev‡` ÔQv`b Kwi‡j nq AwZ eilYÕ—GB K_vi Zvrch©
GB : †h e¨w³ †Mvc‡b cvc Kwiqv Dnv KvnviI Kv‡Q cÖKvk K‡i bv, †m
AbeiZ cvc Kwi‡Z _v‡K, †h-e¨w³ GKevigvÎ cvc Kwi‡jI ¸iæ cÖf…wZ
mr †jv‡Ki wbKU Dnv cÖKvk Kwiqv H cvcKg©‡nZz eoB jw¾Z I AbyZß
nq, Zvnvi cvc Avi evwo‡Z cv‡i bv| AZGe cvc †Mvcb bv Kwiqv
¸iæ‡K Ávcbc~e©K Zvnvi cÖwZKvi Kiv †kÖq|

6| w`¯^v Av`xbes †jv‡K—eid †hgb Mwjqv cwoqv wbZ¨ ¶q cvB‡Z
_v‡K Ges cwi‡k‡l ei‡di Aw¯ÍZ¡ ch©šÍ †jvc cvBqv _v‡K GB RM‡Z
RxeM‡Yi kixiI Z`ªƒc ¶qcÖvß nBqv Ae‡k‡l e¨w³‡Z¡iI Aw¯ÍZ¡ wejyß
nBqv hvq, AZGe RM‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K Drcbœ `ªe¨B GK GKwU `yt‡Li
AwMœwkLvm`„k| Hiƒc `ytLgq c`v_© eyw×gvb e¨w³ KL‡bv Avwg ev Avgvi
ewj‡e bv, AZGe mKj m„ó e¯‘B AbvZ¥v| TZ¡v a¤§s wbiæcwas—hvnv
KL‡bv m„ó nq bvB Ggb Ag„Zg‡qi webvkI bvB, Kvg-Dcwa, †K¬k-Dcwa
Ges ¯‹Ü-Dcwa nB‡Z Dnv wegy³| ˆZj †hgb R‡j Xvwjqv w`‡jI Dnv
R‡ji mwnZ wg‡k bv, †ZgbB Ôwbe©vYÕ iƒc Ag„Zgq ÔAm•LZavZzÕ
we`¨gvb _vwK‡jI Dnv m„ó RM‡Zi mwnZ wbwj©ßfv‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i| gwjb
e¯¿ Lywjqv bv ivwL‡j †hgb b~Zb e¯¿ cwiavb Kiv nq bv, Z`ªƒc mKj
mvsmvwiK e¯‘i gvqv Z¨vM bv Kwi‡jI wbe©vYvg„Z jvf Kiv hvq bv|
Avh©gvM© I d‡ji Øviv mgy`q evmbvi mgy‡”Q` Kwiqv wbe©vY cÖZ¨¶ Kwiqv
Avqy®§vb †mvY ¯’wei cÖxwZMv_v ewj‡Z‡Qb ÔTZ¡v a¤§s wbiæcwasÕ|
10| cyeŸvcwihs we‡mms—c~ec © i we‡klZ¡ `yB cÖKv‡i jvf nq, kg_
(mgvwae‡k) I we`k©be‡k| Zb¥‡a¨ fvebv Ôwbwg‡ËÕi DrcwË nB‡Z
†bemT&Tv-bvmT&TvhZb ch©šÍ kg_e‡k Ges Ôiƒcs Awb”PsÕ GB nB‡Z
An©Ë¡jvf ch©šÍ fvebv we`k©be‡k m¤úvw`Z nq| G¯’‡j e‡k †Kej
we`k©‡bi A_© M„nxZe¨|
6. Rb¥vÜ eM©
ZzjgZzjm¤¢es—(GBiƒc A_©I nB‡Z cv‡i) h_v : Zzjs—KvgvePi
Kg©| AZzjs—Aci †kÖô †jŠwKK Kg©| A_ev Zzjs—KvgvePi I
iƒcvePi Kg©| AZzjs—AiƒcvePi Kg©, A_ev Zzjs—Aí djcÖ` Kg©|
AZzjs—eûdjcÖ` Kg©| m¤¢es—DrcwËRbK| H Zzjbxq Kg© ev
AZzjbxq Kg©mKj cybR©b¥ cÖ`vb K‡i ewjqv fMevb mKj fems¯‹vi—
mKj †jŠwKK Kg©‡PZbv wemR©b Kwi‡jb|
3| Aû—wQj, An©Ë¡Ávb DrcwËi c~‡e© wP‡Ë †K¬kmKj we`¨gvb wQj|
Z`v bvû—An©Ë¡gvM©¶‡Y †mB mKj †K¬k wQj bv| bvû c~‡eŸ—†h-mKj
Abe`¨ ag© GLb Avgv‡Z we`¨gvb, c~‡e© Dnv wQj bv| Z`v Aû—hLb
AMÖgvM©Ávb Drcbœ nq ZLb mKj Abe`¨ ag© we`¨gvb wQj| b Pvû . . .
we¾wZ—†evwagÐ‡c Dcweó nBevi c~‡e©I wQj bv, fwel¨‡ZI nB‡e bv
Ges GLbI bvB| Avh©gvM© GKevi e¨ZxZ `yBevi Drcbœ nq bv, ZvB

An©Ë¡gvM©Ávb jv‡fi ci¶‡YB wbiæ× nBqv hvq †mB nB‡Z Avh©gvM©wPË
we`¨gvb bvB ewjqv ewj‡Z‡Qb|
7. P‚j eM©|
eÆs—†K¬kveZ©| wbivms—wbe©vY| e¨vMv—we‡m‡mb AMv—AMÖgvM©
jä ewjqv cybt AwaM‡gi KviY bvB, m¤ú~Y© AwaMZ nBqv‡Q GBiƒc A_©
`ªóe¨| wemyKL& v—m„wó aŸs‡mi mgq PZz_© m~‡h©i D`‡q †hgb gnvb`x
mKj weï®‹ nBqv hvq Z`ªƒc PZz_© gvM©Áv‡bi D`‡qI Z…òvb`x weï®‹
nBqv wMqv‡Q|
g~js—Awe`¨v| Qgv—Avme, bxeiY I wg_¨v gv‡bvwb‡ek (A‡qvwb‡mv
gbwmKv‡iv) †K ÔQgvÕ ev †¶Î ejv nBqv‡Q| jZv—gvbvwZ gvbvw` kvLv-
cÖkvLver jZv| cvZv—g`-cÖgv`-gvqv-kVZvw` cvZv|
7| †hB fMevb ey× cÖcÂwenxb gywb, msmv‡i huvnvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Am¤¢e,
whwb Z…òvi eÜb Ges Awe`¨vi cÖvPxi AwZµg Kwiqv‡Qb, †mB Z…òvwenxb
gywb‡K †èMYmn mKj Pµevjevmx RxeMY Rvwb‡Z cv‡i bv| GB Mv_vi
Øviv AÁ e¨w³M‡Yi †h, kÖxfMev‡bi A‡jŠwKK ¸‡Yi K_v eY©bv Kwi‡Z
mvnm KzjvB‡e bv Zvnv eySv hvB‡Z‡Q| †èMYI huvnv‡K Rvwb‡Z cv‡i bv
Aa¨vZ¥ fvebvk~b¨ mvaviY †jLKMY Kxiƒ‡c kÖxfMev‡bi ¯^gy‡L Kw_Z
†jv‡KvËi ¸Y eY©bv Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e? Bnv †h fvebvcivqY f³M‡Yi
cÖZ¨¶ Kwievi welq|
(Ae Dcm‡M©i we¯Íviv_© MÖn‡Y) Ae Dcm‡M©i cwife ev Am¤§vb A_©
MÖnY Kwiqv A_©K_vq wjwLZ nBqv‡Q ... b K`vwP AeRvbvwZ b cvwi‡fvwZ
A_ †Lv Ah‡ge †jv‡K A‡¹v †mU&‡Vv DË‡gv ce‡ivwZ Miæ K‡iv‡šÍv m°”Ps
c~Rv m°vi wbi‡Zv †nvZxwZ| fMevb‡K mKj mË¡MY †èMY Ges eªþMY
KL‡bv AeÁv K‡i bv| Aciš‘ wek¦eªþv‡Ði AMÖ, †kÖô, DËg AwZ DËg
ewjqv †MŠie K‡i Ges h‡Zœi mwnZ Zuvnvi c~Rv-mrKv‡i wbiZ nq|
8| †bv Pm&m—AZxZKv‡j hw` Kg© I †K¬k bv _wKZ| †bv P †g
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kÖxgr †R¨vwZcvj wfÿz

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4 LyÏKwbKv‡q D`vb (cvwj-evsjv)

kÖ×v`vb : 200 UvKv

Khuddaka Nikaye UDANA

Price : Taka 200 only

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16 LyÏKwbKv‡q D`vb (cvwj-evsjv)

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18 LyÏKwbKv‡q D`vb (cvwj-evsjv)

LyÏKwbKv‡q D`vb (cvwj-evsjv) 19

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