FACE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION:

Facial recognition system is basically a type of biometric software that identifies a

person in a image by comparing pattern. These type of software mainly used for
security purposes but are also being used in different application such as
facebook, snapchat, faceapp etc uses face recognition software to help user tag in
photographs. As face is undeniably connected to the owner but identical twins
have some exception cases. It is not even transferable as like the pin code of your
cell phone or your mails. The system can store the record in the local data base or
in any smart card.

WHAT ARE BIOMETRICS?

Biometric is basically a unique measureable characteristic of a human being and it can identify
any person individually. It can also measure behavioral and psychological characteristics of a
person. Psychological characteristics include:

1) Finger scan
2) Facial recognition
3) Iris scan
4) Hand scan and
5) Retina scan

Behavioral characteristics include:

1) keystroke scan
2) voice scan
3) signature scan

WHY WE CHOOSE FACERECOGNITION OVER OTHER BIOMETRICS?

There are some following reasons we should use face recognition and these are:

1) accurate and precise readings

2) it does not require an expert to relate the comparison between two readings
3) no user is require for this purpose
4) these software are being used to perform passive identification such as in air ports.

IMPLEMENTATION:
These type of technologies are operated using four step:

1) Capture:
A sample of face of any person is captured during identification process.

2) Extraction:
Unique data from that persons face is extracted (like specific characteristics) and
template is created

3) Comparison:
The sample is then compared to the many other samples that are stored in a data base.

4) Match/non match:
The system then decides that whether the specifications of that particular individual
matches with the other samples.
HOW FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM WORKS?
This software has the ability to first recognize face and if we look ourselves in the mirror we will
notice that we have some distinguishable landmarks on our face. There are about 80 nodal
points on our face thorough which our face can be recognized. However only a few are
measured by a software and these are:

1) Width of nose
2) Cheek bone
3) Distance between our eyes
4) Width of our nose
5) Chin and
6) Jaw line

It is basically obtained from 70 nodal points and after that it gets the representation of the face.
After that it matches the image with the given sample .These nodal points are measured and
they create a numerical code, basically a string of numbers that represents a face. Only 14-22
nodal points are needed to recognize a face.
3-D FACIAL RECOGNITION:
Feature extraction model does not provide as accurate results as that of a 3D facial recognition
model as it can recognize the sample or the person from various angles. The main thing which it
focuses is the iris of the eye. Unlike the finger prints people have different iris , even the
identical twins have different pattern of iris. So there won’t be any problem while using this
model

COMPONENTS OF FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM

Following are the three components of a face recognition system:

1) Enrollment module:

It scans and capture the analog or digital image of a person

2) Data base:
 Another entity handles the compression, processing and storage of the captured data
with stored data.

3) Verification module:
It consists of a preprocessing system. In this system the newly added sample is matched
with the sample stored in the database and the decision is made on the data stored in
the data base

ADVANTAGES:
1) It is performed without even a person even knowing of it
2) It is inexpensive and a appropriate way of recognition
3) It is a very fast system , it compares 1,00,000 faces per second.

DISADVANTAGES:

1) It cannot distinguish between identical twins.

 2) It only works at the angle of 20 degrees and after that it causes some
problems.
3) It does not recognize a person in dim light or the person wearing glasses. It
can’t even recognize the person wearing sun glasses or any other thing
which is covering the face of the object.
4) Even a big smile on your face can cause problem for this technology as it
changes your facial expressions

APPLICATION:
Day care: identifies who is going to pick your children.

Residential Security: helps to alert the home owner on the entrance of a stranger

Voter verification: eligible politicians are required their identity during voting process.

Banking using ATM: Helps to quickly identify a customer in a bank.

CONCLUSION:
Face recognition technology has been associated with a very top secure application but this
technology is now a day’s being widely used in all application, even this technology is being
found in our cell phone but as mentioned before it is not able to identify the identical twins.