CARYL RUSBULT


Publications
Finkenauer, C., Wijngaards de Meij, L., Reis, H. T., & Rusbult, C. E. (in press).
The importance of seeing what is not there: A quasi-signal detection analysis of
positive and negative behavior in newlywed couples. Personal Relationships

Hannon, P., Rusbult, C. E., Finkel, E. J., & Kumashiro, M. (in press). In the wake of
betrayal: Amends, forgiveness, and the resolution of betrayal. Personal Relationships.

Rusbult, C. E., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (in press). Interdependence theory. In K. Dowding
(Ed.), Encyclopedia of power. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Rusbult, C. E., & Agnew, C. R. (2010). Prosocial motivation and behavior in close
relationships. In M. Mikulincer & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Prosocial motives, emotions, and
behavior: The better angels of our nature (pp. 327-345). Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.

Finkel, E. J., Campbell, W. K., Buffardi, L. E., Kumashiro, M., & Rusbult, C. E. (2009).
The metamorphosis of Narcissus: Communal activation promotes relationship
commitment among narcissists. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1271-
1284. Download here

Molden, D. C., Lucas, G. M., Finkel, E. J., Kumashiro, M., & Rusbult, C. (2009).
Perceived support for promotion-focused and prevention-focused goals: Associations
with well-being in unmarried and married couples. Psychological Science, 20, 787-
793.Download here
Rusbult, C.E., Finkel, E.J., & Kumashiro, M. (2009). The Michelangelo phenomenon.
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 305-309.Download here

Rusbult, C. E., & Kubacka, K. E. (2009). Interdependence theory. In H. T. Reis &

S. Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of human relationships (pp. 868-871).
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Rusbult, C. E., & Kubacka, K. E. (2009). Mutual cyclical growth. In H. T. Reis & S.
Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of human relationships (pp. 1135-1136). Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage.

Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., Kubacka, K. E., & Finkel, E. J. (2009). “The part of me
that you bring out”: Ideal similarity and the Michelangelo phenomenon. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 61-82. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., & Righetti, F. (2009). Investment model. In H. T. Reis & S.

Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of human relationships (pp. 927-930). Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage.

Finkel, E. J., & Rusbult, C. E. (2008). Prorelationship motivation: An interdependence

theory analysis of situations with conflicting interests. In J. Shah & W. Gardner (Eds.),
Handbook of motivation science (pp. 547-560). New York: Guilford.

Kumashiro, M., Rusbult, C. E., & Finkel, E. J. (2008). Navigating personal and relational
concerns: The quest for equilibrium. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95,
94-110. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2008). Why we need interdependence

theory. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2/5, 2049-2070.

Kumashiro, M., Rusbult, C. E., Finkenauer, C., & Stocker, S. L. (2007). To think or to
do: The impact of assessment and locomotion orientation on the Michelangelo
phenomenon. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24, 591-611. Download
here
Rusbult, C. E. (2007). Interdependence theory. In R. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs
(Eds.), Encyclopedia of social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 488-490). Newbury Park:
Sage.

Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., Stocker, S. L., Kirchner, J. L., Finkel, E. J., & Coolsen,
M. K. (2007). Self processes in interdependent relationships: Partner affirmation and the
Michelangelo phenomenon. In P. Hauf & F. Försterling (Eds.), Making minds: The
shaping of human minds through social context (pp. 147-161). Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Athenstaedt, U., Van Lange, P. A. M., & Rusbult, C. E. (2006). Soziale interdependenz.
In H. W. Bierhoff & D. Frey (Eds.), Handbuch der psychologie: Sozialpsychologie und
kommunikationspsychologie (pp. 479-485). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe-Verlag.

Kumashiro, M., Rusbult, C. E., Wolf, S., & Estrada, M. J. (2006). The Michelangelo
phenomenon: Partner affirmation and self movement toward one’s ideal. In K. Vohs & E.
Finkel (Eds.), Intrapersonal processes and interpersonal relationships: How they relate.
(pp. 317-341) New York: Guilford.

Rusbult, C. E., Coolsen, M. K., Kirchner, J. L., & Clarke, J. (2006). Commitment. In A.
Vangelisti & D. Perlman (Eds.), Handbook of personal relationships (pp. 615-635). New
York: Cambridge.

Gaines, S. O., Jr., Henderson, M. C., Kim, M., Gilstrap, S., Yi, J., Rusbult, C. E., Hardin,
D. P., & Gaertner, L. A. (2005). Cultural value orientations, internalized homophobia,
and accommodation in romantic relationships. Journal of Homosexuality, 50, 97-
117. Download here

Neiss, M. B., Stevenson, J., Sedikides, C., Kumashiro, M., Finkel, E. J., &
Rusbult, C. E. (2005). Executive self, self-esteem, and negative affectivity:
Relations at the phenotypic and genotypic level. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 89, 593-606. Download here
Rusbult, C. E., Hannon, P. A., Stocker, S. L., & Finkel, E. J. (2005). Forgiveness
and relational repair. In E. L. Worthington, Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness.
New York: Brunner-Routledge.

Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., Stocker, S. L., Kirchner, J. L., Finkel, E. J., & Coolsen,
M. K. (2005). Self processes in interdependent relationships: Partner affirmation and the
Michelangelo phenomenon. Interaction Studies, 6, 375-391.Download here

Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., Stocker, S. L., & Wolf, S. T. (2005). The
Michelangelo phenomenon in close relationships. In A. Tesser, J. Wood, & D. A.
Stapel (Eds.), On building, defending, and regulating the self: A psychological
perspective (pp. 1-29). New York: Psychology Press.

Reis, H. T., & Rusbult, C. E. (Eds.) (2004). Key readings on close relationships.
Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.

Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., Coolsen, M. K., & Kirchner, J. L. (2004).

Interdependence, closeness, and relationships. In D. J. Mashek & A. Aron (Eds.),
Handbook of closeness and intimacy (pp. 137-161). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Sedikides, C., Rudich, E. A., Gregg, A. P., Kumashiro, M., & Rusbult, C. (2004). Are
normal narcissists psychologically healthy?: Self-esteem matters. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 87, 400-416. Download here

Kelley, H., Holmes, J., Kerr, N., Reis, H., Rusbult, C., & Van Lange, P. (20 03).
An atlas of interpersonal situations. New York: Cambridge.

Rusbult, C. E., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2003). Interdependence, interaction, and

relationships. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 351-375. Download here

Finkel, E. J., Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., & Hannon, P. A. (2002). Dealing with
betrayal in close relationships: Does commitment promote forgiveness? Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 956-974.Download here
Kilpatrick, S. D., Bissonnette, V. L., & Rusbult, C. E. (2002). Empathic accuracy
and accommodative behavior among newly married couples. Personal
Relationships, 9, 369-393. Download here

Kumashiro, M., Finkel, E. J., & Rusbult, C. E. (2002). Self-respect and pro-
relationship behavior in marital relationships. Journal of Personality, 70, 1009-
1049. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., Finkel, E. J., & Wildschut, T. (2002). The war of
the Roses: An interdependence analysis of betrayal and forgiveness. In P. Noller
& J. A. Feeney (Eds.), The intricacies of marital interaction (pp. 251-281). New
York: Cambridge.

Davis, J. L., & Rusbult, C. E. (2001). Attitude alignment in close relationships. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 65-84. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., Arriaga, X. B., & Agnew, C. R. (2001). Interdependence in close

relationships. In G. J. O. Fletcher & M. S. Clark (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of
social psychology: Interpersonal processes (pp. 359-387). Oxford: Blackwell.

Rusbult, C. E., Olsen, N., Davis, J. L., & Hannon, P. (2001). Commitment and
relationship maintenance mechanisms. In J. H. Harvey & A. Wenzel (Eds.), Close
romantic relationships: Maintenance and enhancement (pp. 87-113). Mahwah, NJ:
Erlbaum.

Rusbult, C. E. (2000). Interdependence theory. In A. E. Kazdin, Encyclopedia of

psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 330-331). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
and Oxford Univ. Press.

Rusbult, C. E., & Arriaga, X. B. (2000). Interdependence in personal relationships. In W.

Ickes & S. Duck (Eds.), The social psychology of personal relationships (pp. 79-108).
Chichester: Wiley.
Rusbult, C. E., Van Lange, P. A. M., Wildschut, T., Yovetich, N. A., & Verette, J.
(2000). Perceived superiority in close relationships: Why it exists and persists. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 521-545. Download here

Drigotas, S. M., Rusbult, C. E., & Verette, J. (1999). Level of commitment,

mutuality of commitment, and couple well-being. Personal Relationships, 6, 389-
409. Download here

Drigotas, S. M., Rusbult, C. E., Wieselquist, J., & Whitton, S. (1999). Close
partner as sculptor of the ideal self: Behavioral affirmation and the Michelangelo
phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 293-
323. Download here

Foster, C. A., & Rusbult, C. E. (1999). Injustice and powerseeking. Personality

and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 834-849. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., Wieselquist, J., Foster, C. A., & Witcher, B. S. (1999).

Commitment and trust in close relationships: An interdependence analysis. In J.
Adams & W. H. Jones (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal commitment and
relationship stability (pp. 427-449). New York: Plenum.

Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., Semin-Goossens, A., Görts, C. A., & Stalpers, M.
(1999). Being better than others but otherwise perfectly normal: Perceptions of
uniqueness and similarity in close relationships. Personal Relationships, 6, 269-
289. Download here

Wieselquist, J., Rusbult, C. E., Foster, C. A., & Agnew, C. R. (1999).

Commitment, pro-relationship behavior, and trust in close relationships. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 942-966. Download here

Agnew, C. R., Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., & Langston, C. A. (1998).
Cognitive interdependence: Commitment and the mental representation of close
relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 939-
954. Download here
Arriaga, X. B., & Rusbult, C. E. (1998). Standing in my partner’s shoes: Partner
perspective-taking and reactions to accommodative dilemmas. Personality and
Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 927-948. Download here

Martz, J. M., Verette, J., Arriaga, X. B., Slovik, L. F., Cox, C. L., & Rusbult, C. E.
(1998). Positive illusion in close relationships. Personal Relationships, 5, 159-
181. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., Bissonnette, V. L., Arriaga, X. B., & Cox, C. L. (1998).

Accommodation processes during the early years of marriage. In T. N. Bradbury
(Ed.), The developmental course of marital dysfunction (pp. 74-113). New York:
Cambridge.

Rusbult, C. E., Martz, J. M., & Agnew, C. R. (1998). The investment model scale:
Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment
size. Personal Relationships, 5, 357-391.  >Download here

Bissonnette, V. L., Rusbult, C. E., & Kilpatrick, S. D. (1997). Empathic accuracy

and marital conflict resolution. In W. Ickes (Ed.), Empathic accuracy (pp. 251-
281). New York: Guilford.

Cox, C. L., Wexler, M. O., Rusbult, C. E., & Gaines, S. O., Jr. (1997). Prescriptive
support and commitment processes in close relationships. Social Psychology Quarterly,
60, 79-90. Download here

N-US;" lang="EN-US">Gaines, S. O., Jr., Panter, A. T., Lyde, M. D., Steers, W.

N., Rusbult, C. E., Cox, C. L., & Wexler, M. O. (1997). Evaluating the
circumplexity of interpersonal traits and the manifestation of interpersonal traits in
interpersonal trust. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 610-
623. Download here

Gaines, S. O., Jr., Reis, H. T., Summers, S., Rusbult, C. E., Cox, C. L., Wexler,
M. O., Marelich, W. D., & Kurland, G. J. (1997). Impact of attachment style on
reactions to accommodative dilemmas in close relationships. Personal
Relationships, 4, 93-113. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., & Arriaga, X. B. (1997). Interdependence theory. In S. Duck (Ed.),

Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research, and interventions (2nd
Ed., pp. 221-250). Chichester: Wiley.

Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., Arriaga, X. B., Witcher, B. S., &
Cox, C. L. (1997). Willingness to sacrifice in close relationships. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 72, 1373-1395. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (1996). Interdependence processes. In

E. T. Higgins & A. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic
principles (pp. 564-596). New York: Guilford.

Rusbult, C. E., Yovetich, N. A., & Verette, J. (1996). An interdependence analysis of

accommodation processes. In G. J. O. Fletcher & J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge structures
in close relationships: A social psychological approach (pp. 63-90). Mahwah, NJ:
Erlbaum.

Drigotas, S. M., Whitney, G. A., & Rusbult, C. E. (1995). On the peculiarities of loyalty:
A diary study of responses to dissatisfaction in everyday life. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 21, 596-609. Download here

Lin, Y. H. W., & Rusbult, C. E. (1995). Commitment to dating relationships and cross-
sex friendships in America and China: The impact of centrality of relationship, normative
support, and investment model variables. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,
12, 7-26. Download here

Rusbult, C. E. (1995). Commitment. In A. S. R. Manstead & M. Hewstone (Eds.),

Blackwell dictionary of social psychology (p. 109). Oxford: Blackwell.
Rusbult, C. E., Insko, C. A., & Lin, Y. H. W. (1995). Seniority-based reward allocation in
the United States and Taiwan. ">Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 13-30. Download
here

Rusbult, C. E., & Martz, J. M. (1995). Remaining in an abusive relationship: An

investment model analysis of nonvoluntary commitment. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 21, 558-571. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (1995). Interdependence theory. In A. S. R.

Manstead & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Blackwell dictionary of social psychology (pp. 329-
334). Oxford: Blackwell.

Rusbult, C. E., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (1995). Social exchange theories. In A. S. R.

Manstead & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Blackwell dictionary of social psychology (p. 551).
Oxford: Blackwell.

Van Lange, P. A. M., & Rusbult, C. E. (1995). My relationship is better than – and not as
bad as – yours is: The perception of superiority in close relationships. Personality and
Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 32-44. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., & Verette, J. (1994). The investment model: An
interdependence analysis of commitment processes and relationship maintenance
phenomena. In D. Canary & L. Stafford (Eds.), Communication and relational
maintenance (pp. 115-139). New York: Academic Press.

Yovetich, N. A., & Rusbult, C. E. (1994). Accommodative behavior in close

relationships: Exploring transformation of motivation. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology, 30, 138-164. Download here

Lipkus, I., & Rusbult, C. E. (1993). Reactions to individuals who are consistently positive
or negative: The impact of differing interaction goals. Human Relations, 46, 481-
499. Download here
Rusbult, C. E. (1993). Understanding responses to dissatisfaction in close
relationships: The exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect model. In S. Worchel & J. A.
Simpson (Eds.), Conflict between people and groups: Causes, processes, and
resolutions (pp. 30-59). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.

Rusbult, C. E., & Buunk, B. P. (1993). Commitment processes in close relationships: An

interdependence analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 175-
204. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., Onizuka, R. K., & Lipkus, I. (1993). What do we really want?:
Mental models of ideal romantic involvement explored through multidimensional
scaling. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 493-527. Download
here

Drigotas, S. M., & Rusbult, C. E. (1992). Should I stay or should I go?: A

dependence model of breakups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
62, 62-87. Download here

Farrell, D., & Rusbult, C. E. (1992). Exploring the exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect
typology: The influence of job satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and investment
size. Journal of Employee Responsibilities and Rights, 5 (3), 201-218.

Lin, Y. H. W., Insko, C. A., & Rusbult, C. E. (1991). Rational selective exploitation
among Americans and Chinese: General similarity, with one surprise. Journal of Applied
Social Psychology, 21, 1169-1206.

Rusbult, C. E. (1991). Commentary on Johnson’s “Commitment to personal

relationships”: What’s interesting, and what’s new? In W. H. Jones & D. W. Perlman
(Eds.), Advances in personal relationships (Vol. 3, pp. 151-169). London: Kingsley.

Rusbult, C. E., & Verette, J. (1991). An interdependence analysis of accommodation

processes in close relationships. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 19, 3-33.
Rusbult, C. E., Verette, J., Whitney, G. A., Slovik, L. F., & Lipkus, I. (1991).
Accommodation processes in close relationships: Theory and preliminary empirical
evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 53-78. Download here

This paper received the Reuben Hill Award from the National Council on Family
Relations (1991) and the New Contribution Award from the International Society
for the Study of Personal Relationships (1991-92)

Farrell, D., & Rusbult, C. E. (1990). Exploring the exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect
typology: The effects of job satisfaction, investment size, and quality of alternatives.
Proceedings of the 1990 Conference of the Council on Employee Responsibilities and
Rights (pp. 26-37). Orlando, FL: Council on Employee Responsibilities and Rights.

Farrell, D., Rusbult, C., Lin, Y. H., & Bernthal, P. (1990). Impact of job satisfaction,
investment size, and quality of alternatives on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect responses
to job dissatisfaction: A cross-lagged panel study. In L. R. Jauch & J. L. Wall (Eds.),
Best Paper Proceedings of the Academy of Management (pp. 211-215). San Francisco:
Academy of Management.

Rusbult, C. E., Campbell, M. A., & Price, M. E. (1990). Rational selective exploitation
and distress: Employee reactions to performance-based and mobility-based reward
allocations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 487-500. Download
here

Rusbult, C. E., Insko, C. A., Lin, Y. H. W., & Smith, W. J. (1990). Social motives
underlying rational selective exploitation: The impact of instrumental versus
social-emotional allocator orientation on the distribution of rewards in groups.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 984-1025.

Johnson, D. J., & Rusbult, C. E. (1989). Resisting temptation: Devaluation of alternative

partners as a means of maintaining commitment in close relationships. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 967-980. Download here
Rusbult, C. E., Farrell, D., Rogers, G., & Mainous, A. G., III (1988). Impact of
exchange variables on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: An integrative model of
responses to declining job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 31,
599-627. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., Lowery, D., Hubbard, M., Maravankin, O. J., & Neises, M. (1988).
Impact of employee mobility and employee performance on the allocation of
rewards under conditions of constraint. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 54, 605-615. Download here

Rusbult, C. E. (1987a). Commitment in close relationships: The investment

model. In L. A. Peplau, D. O. Sears, S. E. Taylor, & J. L. Freedman (Eds.),
Readings in social psychology: Classic and contemporary contributions (pp. 147-
157). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Rusbult, C. E. (1987b). Responses to dissatisfaction in close relationships: The exit-

voice-loyalty-neglect model. In D. Perlman & S. Duck (Eds.), Intimate relationships:
Development, dynamics, and deterioration (pp. 209-237). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Rusbult, C. E., Morrow, G. D., & Johnson, D. J. (1987). Self-esteem and problem solving
behavior in close relationships. British Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 293-303.

Duffy, S., & Rusbult, C. E. (1986). Satisfaction and commitment in homosexual and
heterosexual relationships. Journal of Homosexuality, 12, 1-23.

Lowery, D., & Rusbult, C. E. (1986). Bureaucratic responses to antibureaucratic

administrations: Federal employee reaction to the Reagan election. Administration and
Society, 18, 45-75. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., Johnson, D. J., & Morrow, G. D. (1986a). Determinants and

consequences of exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: Responses to dissatisfaction in
adult romantic involvements. Human Relations, 39, 45-63. Download here
Rusbult, C. E., Johnson, D. J., & Morrow, G. D. (1986b). Impact of couple
patterns of problem solving on distress and nondistress in dating relationships.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 744-753. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., Johnson, D. J., & Morrow, G. D. (1986c). Predicting satisfaction

and commitment in adult romantic involvements: An assessment of the
generalizability of the investment model. Social Psychology Quarterly, 49, 81-
89. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., Zembrodt, I. M., & Iwaniszek, J. (1986). The impact of gender and
sex-role orientation on responses to dissatisfaction in close relationships. Sex
Roles, 15, 1-20. Download here

Farrell, D., & Rusbult, C. E. (1985). Understanding the retention function: A model of
the causes of exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect behaviors. Personnel Administrator, 30,
129-140.

Rusbult, C. E., & Lowery, D. (1985). When bureaucrats get the blues: Responses to
dissatisfaction among federal employees. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15, 80-
103.

Rusbult, C. E. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and
deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 101-117. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., & Farrell, D. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The
impact on job satisfaction, job commitment, and turnover of variations in rewards, costs,
alternatives, and investments. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 429-438. Download
here

Rusbult, C. E., & Zembrodt, I. M. (1983). Responses to dissatisfaction in romantic

involvements: A multidimensional scaling analysis. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology, 19, 274-293. Download here
Rusbult, C. E., & Medlin, S. M. (1982). Information availability, goodness of outcome,
and attributions of causality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 292-
305. Download here

Rusbult, C. E., Musante, L., & Solomon, M. (1982). The effects of clarity of decision rule
and favorability of verdict on satisfaction with resolution of conflicts. Journal of Applied
Social Psychology, 12, 304-317.

Rusbult, C. E., Zembrodt, I. M., & Gunn, L. K. (1982). Exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect:
Responses to dissatisfaction in romantic involvements. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 43, 1230-1242. Download here

Farrell, D., & Rusbult, C. E. (1981). Exchange variables as predictors of job

satisfaction, job commitment, and turnover: The impact of rewards, costs,
alternatives, and investments. Organizational Behavior and Human
Performance, 27, 78-95.

Rusbult, C. E. (1980a). Commitment and satisfaction in romantic associations: A test of

the investment model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 172-
186. Download here

Rusbult, C. E. (1980b). Satisfaction and commitment in friendships. Representative

Research in Social Psychology, 11, 96-105.

McCallum, R., Rusbult, C. E., Hong, G., Walden, T. A., & Schopler, J. (1979). Effects of
resource availability and importance of behavior on the experience of crowding. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1304-1313. Download here

Rusbult, C. E. (1979). Crowding and human behavior: A guide for urban

planners. Environment and Planning, 11, 731-744.

Schopler, J., Rusbult, C. E., & McCallum, R. (1979). Conceptual dimensions of

crowding: A multidimensional scaling analysis. In M. R. Gurkaynak & W. A. LeCompte
(Eds.), Human consequences of crowding (pp. 205-217). New York: Plenum.
 Schopler, J., Rusbult, C. E., & McCallum, R. (1978). Conceptual dimensions of
crowding: A North Carolina study. Journal of Population, 1, 231-238. Download here

 
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