SECTION 7.

01: LANDSCAPING
7.01.1 SCOPE

1. These Works shall consist of the furnishing of ail materials and the construction,
installation and completion in all respects of landscaping.

2. Landscaping will generally be installed at locations within she right-of- way, such as
earth slopes, interchange areas, median strips and areas set aside for pedestrians.

3. These Works shall also include preparation and submission to the Engineer of all
necessary working drawings and as built drawings, and all relevant literature, samples and
certifications of the quality of products.

4. Hard Landscaping refers to structural items such as concrete and brick paving, curbing,
terracing, planter boxes, special drainage work, and architectural features generally.

5. Soft Landscaping refers to items associated with preparing areas for planting and the
planting of trees, shrubs, ground cover, vines, grass, and turning.

7.01.2 LANDSCAPING STANDARDS

1. Soft Landscaping shall conform to the relevant requirements of the following

standards, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer:

1.1 "Grade and Standards for Nursery Trees - Part II: Palms and Trees", by Department
of Agriculture, Florida, USA.

1.2 BS 3936 - Part 1 Nursery Stock, Trees and Shrubs

1.3 BS 4428 General Landscape Operations

1.4 BS 5236 Cultivation and Planting of Trees in the

Extra Large Nursery Stock Category

1.5 ANSI: Z60-1 American Standards for Nursery Stock

1.6 ASTM: D2607-69 Standard Classification of Peat, Mosses,

Humus and Related Products

1.7 ASTM: D2974-71 Standard Method of test for Moisture, Ash,

And Organic Matter of Peat Materials
1.8 ASTM: D2975-71 Standard Method of Test for Sand Content of
Peat Materials

1.9 ASTM: D2976-71 Standard Method of Test for pH of Peat

Materials

1.10 ASTM: D2977-71 Standard Method of Test for Practical Size

Range of Peat Materials

2. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval, information and
certificates for all materials proposed for use in the Soft Landscaping Works. These shall
include:

2.1 Manufacturers' certified analysis of all standard products, including fertilizers

2.2 Certificates confirming the origin, size and age of all plant material

2.3 Health certificates for all imported plant material

3. The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of all items purchased and shall
submit an inspection plan for review. The inspection plan shall cover those items intended
for shop inspection and the procedures for carrying out such inspections.

7.01.3 PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS

1. Agricultural Soil

1.1 Soil shall be obtained from well drained arable land approved by the Engineer
before its use. It shall be free-draining, non-toxic and capable of sustaining healthy plant
growth, Soil shall not contain refuse, roots, noxious weed, phototoxic materials, coarse
sand, rocks, sticks, brush, litter or other deleterious materials. The content of heavy clay
should not exceed 25% by weight .

1.2 Agricultural soil brought on to the Site without prior inspection and approval shall
be at the risk of the Contractor, who shall remove it at his own expense unless otherwise
instructed by the Engineer.

1.3 The Contractor shall arrange for physical and chemical analyses of representative
samples of the soil to be made by an approved soil laboratory. Separate analyses shall be
provided for each source of supply. The following parameters shall be determined and in
the event that the soil does not conform to the following specified standards, it shall be
liable to rejection inside the plants pits by the Engineer:
7-1
1.3.1 Stones: none bigger than 50 mm in diameter

1.3.2 Gravel (larger than 2 mm diam): 5% or less

1.3.3 Sand (0.05-2.0 mm diam): 70% or more

1.3.4 Silt and clay (less than 0.05 mm diam): 25% or less

1.3.5 Conductivity: less than 4 mm mS(micron S)/cm at 25 degrees C in a saturated

soil extract (=2,560 ppm)

1.3.6 PH: pH 6.0 - 8.5 in a saturated soil extract

1.3.7 Boron: less than 1 ppm in a hot saturated soil extract

1.3.8 Chlorine (C1): less than 175 ppm in a saturated soil extract

1.3.9 Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP): less than 12%

1.3.10 Sodium absorption ratio (SAR): less than 10%

1.4 A sample load of agricultural soil of not less than 5 cu. m, from each source, shall
be submitted for approval. This sample, if approved, shall be retained for comparison with
subsequent loads.

2. Peat Humus

2.1 Peat humus shall be natural peat consisting of sedge, sphagnum or reed peat and
shall pass through a 12 mm screen. Humus shall be free from sticks, stones, roots or other
objectionable matter and shall have an acidity range between pH 4 and pH 7.5. The
minimum organic content shall be 85% on a dry weight basis. Peat humus shall be
delivered in undamaged commercial bales in an air-dry condition.

3. Fertilizers

3.1 Inorganic fertilizers shall be applied to the irrigation water by the use of injection
equipment. Fertilizers shall be approved soluble NPK fertilizers in a suitable ratio applied
at a dilution rate of one kg fertilizer to 1,000 1tr of water. Alternatively slow release
fertilizers could be used and applied by hand to the plants, taking into consideration
the soil tests, the plants' needs and under the supervision of the Engineer.

7-2
3.2 Proposals for use of any of the following alternative fertilizer types and
composition where injection equipment is not specified for use may be submitted for
consideration:

3.2.1 Compound fertilizers applied at the rate of N=100 Kg/du; P205=150

Kg/du; and K20=100 Kg/du.

3.2.2 Single super phosphate fertilizers with a minimum content of 18% P205
applied at the race of 2.4 kg/cu.m of soil

3.2.3 Controlled release fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 16-17-5+Fe and a

release longevity of 12+4 months at 21 degrees C soil temperature. Fertilizer
planting tablets shall be tightly compressed fertilizer chips forming plant tablets,
each weighing approximately 21 gm

3.2.4 Slow release fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 20-10-5 + traces (Fe, Mn and
Zn) with a release longevity of 1-24 months

3.2.5 Nitrogen fertilizer in the form of urea pills containing 32% to 46%
nitrogen

However, the suitable fertilizer type and grade shall be determined after testing the soil
samples to suit the type of plantation desired.

4. Planting Medium

4.1 Planting medium shall consist of a homogeneous mixture of 2 parts agricultural

soil to one part of peat humus by volume. Fertilizers shall be added to the agricultural
soil and peat humus mixture as specified. The medium may contain at least 10% of
organic matter and subject to the Engineer's Approval.

5. Mulch

5.1 Aggregate mulch shall consist of washed gravel free from dirt, organic matter,
clays, clay film or other deleterious matter. The aggregate, samples of which shall be
submitted for approval, shall be of a consistent color, texture and type throughout. Grading
shall be as follows:

5.1.1 For trees and shrubs: 50-75 mm diameter or subject to Engineer's

Approval.
5.1.2 For ground cover, shrubs and other plants: 18-28 mm diameter or subject
to Engineer's Approval.

7-3
6. Plants Generally

6.1 All plants shall be of the size specified. No plant shall be less than the minimum
size and at least 50% shall be in the upper part of the specified range. Plants that meet the
measurements specified but do not possess the normal balance between height and spread
will not be accepted.

6.2 All planting stock shall be well-balanced and well formed, sound, vigorous,
healthy and free from disease, sunscald, abrasion, harmful insects or insect eggs and with a
healthy, unbroken root system. Unless otherwise specified, only nursery-grown plants
shall be used, except if approved by Engineer.

6.3 Nomenclature of trees and plants shall conform to the scientific names given in the
following books. Alternative names can be checked in these books to confirm that plants
agree with the botanical description given:

6.3.1 American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature (AJCHN) -

"Standardized Plant Names"

6.3.2 Royal Horticultural Society - "Directory of Gardening'.

6.3.3 Post, George E., "Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai", American university
of Beirut.
6.3.4 Scientific books approved by the Engineer.

6.4 If specified plants are unobtainable, details of alternatives shall be submitted

with the Tender, stating how they differ from the plants specified. Such substitutions
shall be subject to approval.

7. Trees (Other Than Palms)

7.1 Trees shall be symmetrically developed, their structure and habit of growth typical
of their species or variety with straight stems and an intact central leader. Trees shall have
a minimum height of 1.2 m above planting level.

7.2 Where trees of 1.2 m height are unobtainable, and subject to the submission of
evidence to that effect, the Contractor may, if approved, substitute trees of 1 m height.

8. Palms

8.1 Palms shall be balled and bur lapped unless container grown palms
are available. Offshoots will not be accepted. They shall have a vigorous
7-4
root system, a crown of new leaves, proper color of leaves of an adult palm
and sufficient hardiness. Height of palm shall be not less than 1.5 m from
planting level to the base of the growing tip. Palms of 1.5 m height shall have a root-
ball diameter of 0.75 m to 0.9 m; for 2 m to 3 m height the root-ball diameter shall be 1 m
to 1.5 m.

8.2 Prior to transporting for transplanting, all suckers, flowering and fruiting
parts, and approximately 30% of fronds shall be removed. The remaining fronds shall
be sprayed with an anti-desiccant during transplanting, lifted to enclose and protect
the growing tip, wrapped in Hessian and securely tied in position. The roots shall be
balled and the Hessian tied.

9. Shrubs and Bushes

9.1 Shrubs shall have a height of 0.75 m., be of good form, well grown and bushy.
Deciduous shrubs may be supplied bare-rooted, earth-balled and Hessian covered or
container-grown. Evergreen shrubs shall be either earth-balled or container-grown. Each
shrub shall possess a structure and habit of growth typical of the species or variety. Bushes
shall have a minimum of 25 cm. heights except if approved by Engineer.

9.2 Where shrubs of the specified height are not available, the Contractor may, if
approved use smaller substitutes.

10. Vines, Climbing plants. Ground Cover and

Succulents

10.1 Vines, ground cover and succulent plants, shall be well rooted and of not less than
one year full growth, and shall be fully acclimatized to outside conditions if pot grown.
Before delivery to site, all plants (other than succulents) shall be dipped or sprayed with
an anti-desiccant.

10.2 Climbing plants shall have a minimum of 3 leading shoots, each 0.75 m in length.
Their growth shall be symmetrically and balanced. They shall have been grown in on kg
containers for at least one year, subject to approval of Engineer depending on the design
aspect.

11. Grass

11.1 Grass seed shall consist of "Cynodon dactylon" (Bermuda Grass)/ Paspalum
Vagimatun generally and "Stenoaphrum complanatum" or similar species to shaded areas.
Grass stolons shall be "Cynodon dactylon" (Bermuda grass)/ Paspalum Vagimatun or other
varieties tolerating stress of heat, drought salinity. A seed mix of year round
evergreen grass can be used depending on climate of project area and subject to
engineers approval.
7-5
11.2 A fresh supply of seed shall be obtained for each growing season. Before ordering,
results of testing for germination, purity and composition shall be submitted for approval.
The tag from the producer may be approved by the engineer.

12. Tree Stakes and Ties (Excluding Palm Stakes)

12.1 All stakes shall be timber, straight, free of projections and pointed atone end. The
lower ends shall be coated with a non-injurious wood preservative to a minimum height of
0-15m below ground level, to be applied at least 2 weeks before use. Stakes shall be 50mm
thick, the length below ground to be 1.3m and the length above to be for the full height of
the stem or half full height for feathered species. This depends on the strength of wind
and type of tree and subject to engineer's approval.

12.2 Alternatively, tree stakes shall be mild steel tubes protected by a PVC coating in
mid-green of similar approved color. The tops and bottoms of the steel tubes shall be sealed
with plastic caps. The external covering shall have horizontal ridges at regular intervals to
facilitate the fixing of tree ties. Steel tube shall have a diameter of 35mm and a height of
2.0 m, or depending on tree size.

12.3 Wooden and steel stakes shall not be used on the same site.

12.4 Tree ties shall consist of synthetic rubber compound, approximately .03 m in
length with rubber of Hessian buffer or P.E. Pipes could be used to cover and protect
2mm. galvanized wire.

13. Stakes for Palms

13.1 Stakes for palms shall be rough-sawn timber, free from knots, rot, cross-grain or
other defects that would impair their strength. The size shall be 50mm by 100mm by 2m
minimum length, depending upon the palm size, or the palm could be tied with ropes to
straighten it firmly depending on site conditions and subject to Engineer's approval.

13.2 Alternatively, palms shall be stabilized with 4, 7-standard galvanized guy wires of
6 mm diameter and of length suited to each tree, fixed to a position approximately two
thirds of the tree height. The wire guy shall be looped around the palm stem and protected
by a neoprene or P.E.Tube. Each wire shall be connected via a 50 mm galvanized
turnbuckle to a 150 mm malleable iron ground anchor fixed by 1.2 m long drive rods.

14. Hessian Bands

14.1 Hessian bands shall be 75 mm wide and of lengths as necessary for wrapping tree
trunks and main branches.
7-6
15. Climber Guards

15.1 Climber guards shall be of an approved proprietary brand.

16. Hydro seeding Equipment and Materials

16.1 Equipment shall have a built-in agitation system and operating capacity sufficient
to agitate, suspend and homogeneously mix slurry containing not less than 20 kg of fiber
mulch, fertilizers, chemicals and seed mix for each 400 1tr of water. Equipment shall meet
the minimum requirements of a slurry distribution line large enough to prevent stoppage
and shall be equipped with a set of hydraulic spray nozzles which shall provide a
continuous non-fluctuating discharge of at least 1.5 MN/sq.m (220 psi) at the end of the
spray nozzle.

16.2 Sand stabilizing chemicals shall be at least equal to 'Erodofix 35' {sand- lock).

16.3 Fiber Mulch shall consist of one of the following alternatives:

16.3.1 Conditioned peat fiber

16.3.2 Wood cellular fiber manufactured by hydro seeding.

16.3.3 Emulsified shredded newspaper

16.4 Fertilizer shall be of commercial grade, free flowing, inorganic, granular NPK
fertilizer. It shall be uniform in composition, conform to BS 5551 and bear the
manufacturer's guaranteed statement of analysis which shall conform to the following:

16.4.1 10% nitrogen (N)

16.4.2 15% available phosphoric acid (P)
16.4.3 10% potash (K)

16.5 Water shall be provided from sources approved by the Engineer as being suitable
for irrigation, and free from substances harmful to plant life. Certified laboratory water
quality test reports shall be provided from an approved independent testing laboratory.
These test reports shall provide evidence that the water conforms to the quality criteria.
Reports shall be submitted 2 weeks prior to beginning any watering operations and
thereafter once per month during hydro seeding operations. Water shall not exceed the
following parameters:

7-7
16.5.1 Electro – conductivity : 4 mS (micron S) /cm

16.5.2 PH : 6.7

16.5.3 Chlorides : 1,000 ppm

16.5.4 Total dissolved solid s : 2,000 ppm

16.6 Seeds for native and other species used in hydro seeding shall be freshly obtained
from plants growing in the Kingdom wherever possible and shall be true to type.
Commercial bulk seed mixes shall bear their point of origin and certification thereof. The
Contractor shall allow for laboratory testing of the seed for germination which shall be
certified as being not less than 60%. Seed mixtures shall be as specified on the Drawings or
as shown in to planting schedules.

7.01.4 SOFT LANDSCAPING CONSTRUCTION

1. General

1.1 Agricultural soil shall not be brought to the Site or spread when in an excessively
wet condition.

1.2 Planting shall be carried out accordance with the Drawings and shall be liable to in
situ adjustments as required. Planting areas and tree pits shall be measured and pegged out
for approval before starting the planting.

1.3 All imported plants shall be hardened-off to site conditions for an appropriate
length of time for the species and season before planting out. Conditioning time shall be
minimum of 10 weeks for autumn planting and 6 weeks for spring planting, depending on
species, condition of plants and subject to engineer's approval.

1.4 All works shall be carried out during the appropriate season and in weather
conditions suitable for the operation of planting of large palms during the period of
optimum root growth, i.e. mid April to end of September depending on location of project
in Jordan taking into consideration that the prevailing temp. does not exceed 30ْ C,
and subject to Engineer's approval.

1.5 All operations shall be executed by suitable, approved machines or by hand. Any
Works in confined spaces, around existing trees or in the vicinity of major utilities shall be
executed by hand.

1.6 Existing trees, shrubs or other plants shall not be removed without approval. The
Contractor shall protect all plants from malicious or accidental damage and shall ensure that
7-8
no branches are lopped and no tree roots exceeding 50 mm in diameter are severed from
growing trees except for pruning and training operations. Soil, spoil, constructional
material or rubbish shall not be stored or deposited within 3 m of existing trees, shrubs or
hedges. No fires shall be lit within the landscape boundaries. Any damage shall be made
good by the Contractor at his own expense.

2. Storage Requirements

2.1 Alt materials to be used in landscaping and stored at the Contractor's yard shall be
kept covered and protected. Any plants held for planting shall be kept in a special
compound, sheltered from direct sun and drying winds and watered regularly.

2.2 Agricultural soil shall be stored in heaps no higher than 1.5 m and shall be protected
from undue compaction.

2.3 All oil and petrol containers shall be kept in suitable sheds provided by the
Contractor who shall observe all regulations regarding the storage of flammable liquids. If
any areas of soil are affected by oil or petrol spillage, the contaminated soil shall be dug up
until uncontaminated soil is reached; the excavated soil carted away and such areas made
good as directed, at the Contractor's expense.

2.4 The Contractor shall ensure that all chemicals are stored, handled and supplied
strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. All chemicals in the dosages
specified shall be non-toxic to human being, birds and animals and be approved for use in
the Works.

3. Soil Grading and Preparation

3.1 Subsoil shall be excavated to achieve tolerances specified for finished level of soil,
and when reasonably dry and workable, graded to smooth, flowing contours with all minor
hollows and ridges removed. Non cohesive, light subsoil shall be loosened with a 3-tine
ripper, 300 mm deep at one m centers. All perennial weeds shall be treated with herbicides
and the period of time recommended by the manufacturer shall be allowed to elapse before
grading.

3.2 Finished ground levels shall be 30 mm below adjoining paved areas or curbs after
settlement, except for any median strip where New Jersey barriers are specified, in which
cases the finished level shall be 100 mm below the top of the New Jersey barrier after
settlement. Finished ground level adjoining buildings shall be kept 150 mm below the
level of the damp proof course.

3.3 Areas to be grassed shall be excavated to 150 mm below finished levels and shall be
brought up to finished levels using agricultural soil. When reasonably dry and workable,
the agricultural soil shall be graded to finished grade with all minor hollows and ridges
7-9
removed.

3.4 Areas for shrubs shall be cultivated to a depth of 300 mm and brought up to within
100 mm below finished grade. Planting medium shall be spread evenly over planting areas
to a depth of 100 mm prior to planting.

3.5 All weeds, rocks and other debris shall be removed and disposed of and the
Contractor shall ensure that all planting positions are well drained.

4. Planting Procedures

4.1 The outline of soft landscaping areas shall be staked out for approval. Agricultural
soil shall then be supplied and spread over needed areas. Planting medium shall be
prepared and spread over the planting areas.

4.2 Tree, shrub and other planting positions shall then be staked out for approval.
Planting pits shall be excavated to the sizes specified and excavated subsoil removed from
the Site. Each planting pit shall be filled with irrigation water to ensure that the water can
drain away. Stakes shall be driven where specified, a layer of planting medium spread over
the bottom of each pit and lightly tramped, and each plant positioned and surrounded with
planting medium. Plants shall be tied to stakes and aggregate mulch spread as specified.

4.3 All plants shall be checked one week after planting for signs of wind shake and
loosening due to soil subsidence which shall be made good as necessary. All plants shall
thereafter be checked at monthly intervals until the end of the Maintenance Period.

4.4 Re-seeding fertilizers shall then be applied and grass seeding/stolen planting carried
out to the areas shown on the Drawings.

5. Preparation of Planting Medium

5.1 Planting medium shall be mixed thoroughly before placing in planting pits, or on
planted or grassed areas. The Engineer shall be present during the production of prepared
planting medium.

6. Planting Trees and Palms

6.1 Trees pits shall be excavated 1 m square to a depth 1 m below finished grade and
pit bottoms shall be broken up to an additional depth of 300mm, depending on the size of
root ball and tree. In general, the pit should be 30cm larger than root ball in all
directions, excavated material unsuitable for re-use shall be disposed of.

6.2 Before planting, any broken or damaged roots shall be cut back to sound growth and
any cut ends over 25 mm diameter shall be treated with tree wound dressing.
7-10
6.3 For bare-rooted trees, backfilling shall be placed in 150 mm to 250 mm layers to
ensure close contact with roots and to eliminate air pockets. Firming shall take place as
backfilling proceeds, so as not to damage roots, and the soil shall be heeled- in firmly
around the root collar. For root-balled trees, backfilling shall be firmed around the root-ball
in layers, so as not to disturb the roots.

6.4 Where 'long term' fertilization of trees and palms is specified or required by the
Engineer, 'slow release' tablet fertilizer shall be placed around each root-ball, after half of
the planting medium has been placed. Tablets shall be placed around the pit perimeter,
equally spaced at the rate of one tablet (21 gm) for each 10 mm of tree caliper.

6.5 Trees shall be placed centrally in the pits and at the original soil depth and watered
thoroughly after backfilling. A water-holding depression 150 mm deep and 0.6 m
minimum diameter shall be excavated around each tree.

6.6 In the case of palm trees, trunk burlap, frond wrapping and dead fronds shall be
removed after new growth indicates that turgor has been restored or after the second
growing season.

7. Staking and Tying Trees and Palms

7.1 For standard trees, one stake shall be inserted into the tree pit with a minimum of one
third of the length below ground level. For root-balled trees and those in containers, a
crowbar or similar tool shall be used to probe through the root system and make a pilot hole
into which the stake can be driven with minimum root disturbance. The tree shall be
secured firmly, but not rigidly, to the stake with at least 2 ties, to prevent abrasion between
the stake and the tree. The top tie shall be positioned 25 mm from the top of the stake and
the lower tie approximately halfway down. The tie shall consist of a metal string (1.5 mm
diameter) with one end covert by a rubber tube (3 mm diameter) for a length of 30 cm. This
end shall surround the tree trunk while the other end shall be connected to the supporting
stake located in the opposite direction of the prevailing wind and at distance of 30 cm
minimum.

7.2 For extra heavy standard trees, 3 stakes shall be inserted into the tree pit
equidistantly around the tree trunk with a minimum of one third of the length of each stake
below ground level. For root-balled trees and for those in weld mesh containers, the stakes
shall be driven clear to the root-ball to avoid damage to the root system. The tree shall be
secured firmly, but not rigidly, with approved proprietary ties.

7.3 Palms shall be staked as shown on the Drawings, using either stakes or guy wires or
ground anchors, as specified.

8. Planting Shrubs and Ground Cover

7-11
8.1 Holes for plants, including shrubs and ground cover, shall be excavated to a depth of
0.5 m below finished grade and to a diameter of 0.5 m. Whenever the root-ball, container or
root system is of such a dimension as to prevent proper backfilling being carried out, the
diameter of the hole shall be broken up to an additional depth of 0.3 m.

8.2 Plants shall be set plumb and at such level that, after settlement; they will bear the
same relationship to the level of the surrounding ground as they did in the nursery.

8.3 Earth-balled Hessian-covered plants shall have all cloth, ropes etc., removed from
the tops of the earth-balls but no cloth shall be removed from under the earth-balls.

8.4 Disturbance of the root system or the balls of earth shall be avoided when removing
plants from containers. Cutters shall be used on metal containers.

8.5 Plants with broken root-balls that fall apart while being planted will not be
accepted.

8.6 Prepared planting medium shall be carefully packed around each root-ball in 150
mm layers and well heeled-in, to position the plant and eliminate air pockets.

8.7 Where 'long term' fertilization of shrubs is specified or required by the Engineer,
'slow release' tablets shall be placed, during shrub planting, in a similar manner to that
specified for trees and palms, but at the rate of one tablet (21 gm) for each 300 mm of shrub
height.

8.8 Each plant shall be thoroughly watered when the plant area has been backfilled with
planting medium to the base of the root-ball. When the water has drained away completely,
backfilling shall be completed and the plant re-watered.

8.9 Climbing plants shall have their leading shoots trained around the supporting wire
mesh.

9. Pruning

9.1 Immediately after planting, all plants shall be pruned as directed and in
accordance with accepted horticultural practices. Pruning shall consist of carefully
cutting back any damaged, dead or diseased branches and removal of any weak or
malformed growth, with the aim of forming each type of stock to the standard shape for its
species. All pruning cuts greater than 200 mm shall be treated with an approved tree wound
dressing.

10. Placing Aggregate Mulch

7-12
10.1 Aggregate mulch shall be laid sequentially with the plant material and to a thickness
of 75 mm and shall be kept away from all drain inlets and all pedestrian and vehicular
areas.

11. Watering and Protection of Trees and Plants

11.1 The Contractor shall ensure that sufficient water is applied to maintain healthy growth
of all trees and plants.

12. Grass Seeding

12.1 Compound fertilizer shall be applied dry in 2 equal dressings at the rate of 60
gm/sq.m and watered in, one day before seeding or turfing. After final grading the soil shall
be raked to a fine tilth. All stones over 25 mm diameter shall be removed.

12.2 Where grass seeding is specified, seed shall not be sown when the wind strength
prevents uniform application. Seeds shall be sown at the rate of 1kg/100sq.m depending on
variety and form of seed using manually operated broadcast spreader. The seed shall be
divided into 2 equal portions and each portion spread separately and in transverse directions
in order to ensure a uniform seed distribution. The seed shall be raked into the top 5 to 15
mm of the seed bed surface to ensure germination. Grass seed shall be sown in spring or
early summer, early or late in the day when the ambient temperatures are consistently
below 33 degrees C in the daytime and above 16 degrees C at night. Seed beds shall be
rolled after sowing, and after rolling a pre-emergent herbicide shall be applied.

13. Grass Turfing

13.1 Drill lines shall be 100 mm deep and at 150 mm intervals in the prepared seed bed.
Each drill shall be laid at 100 mm centers with grass rhizomes each 0.25 m in length, and
the area covered with growing medium, with ends protruding 50 mm above the soil surface.
Solons shall not be delivered to the Site until soil preparation has been completed.

13.2 Solons shall be planted in the spring or early summer, early or late in the day when
the ambient temperatures are consistently below 33 degrees C in the daytime and above 16
degrees C at night.

13.3 After planting the lawn shall be leveled and lightly rolled with a 50 kg roller.

14. Watering Mowing and Protection of Grassed Areas

14.1 The Contractor shall water immediately after sowing or turfing and continue
watering during the establishment phase to ensure healthy growth of all grass.

7-13
14.2 When the grass is at a height of between 40 mm and 80 mm, all stones larger than
25 mm in diameter shall be removed and the grass rolled with a light roller. After 48 hours
the grass shall be cut with a roto-scythe to approximately 50 mm height. All clippings shall
be removed and disposed of.

14.3 Subsequent mowing of grassed areas shall be in accordance with the approved
Maintenance Schedule.

14.4 Newly seeded and turfed areas shall be protected with approved fencing one m
high, until the grass is well established, after which the fencing shall be removed and the
ground reinstated.

15. Acceptance of Grassed Areas

15.1 After 3 months following the date of sowing, the Engineer will inspect the grassed
areas to determine the success of germination and establishment. Any areas that have not
germinated or areas which contain grass which is not of the type sown or germinated areas
that have not produced uniform appearance, shall be re-seeded by the Contractor at his own
expense.

16. Hydro seeding

16.1 Hydro seed application shall be coordinated with grading operations. The surface
shall be cleared of all rubbish, debris stones larger than 50 mm diameter and of all
vegetative material and existing top soil removed to a depth of 25 mm. Pulverized bark and
humectants shall be spread evenly over the entire surface to be seeded, to provide a 25 mm
layer of pulverized bark and 500 gm/sq.m of humectants. A homogeneous mixture shall be
achieved by rotovating of a depth of 15 mm. Pre-watering shall then be carried out.

16.2 Slurry mixture shall consist of sand stabilizer (400 1tr/ha); fiber mulch (2,000 kg/ha
if .emulsified shredded newspapers or wood cellular fiber, otherwise 1,000 kg/ha of
conditioned peat fiber); fertilizer (350 kg/ha); soil conditioner (25 kg/ha); and seed mix (as
directed).

16.3 To prepare the slurry mixture on Site, water shall be added at the rate of between
22,500 and 30,000 1tr/ha depending upon the type of seed mix, type of fiber mulch and the
machine capacity. All empty bags shall be saved for checking by the Engineer. An
additional 50% or 75% of the originally specified seed mix shall be added to any slurry mix
which has not been applied within 2 hours or 6 hours respectively after mixing. Slurry mix
which has not been applied within 6 hours after mixing shall not be used.

16.4 Test plots shall be used initially to calibrate equipment and rate of vehicle travel, to
the Engineer's satisfaction. Site areas shall then be sprayed with a uniform visible coat
using an organic green dye. Slurry shall be applied in a downward drilling motion via a fan
7-14
stream nozzle. Slurry shall not be sprayed on roads, footpaths and areas other than those
specified. Rate of application of hydro seed slurry shall be 22,500 1tr/ha. Time of
application shall be between the beginning of November and mid-January depending on
climate location of project, Barricades, fencing and signs shall be erected to protect, all
hydro seeded areas.

16.5 Within 24 hours after hydro seeding, the irrigation spray system shall be operated 10
times daily for 12 minutes at a precipitation rate of 10 mm/h. This sequence shall be
adjusted to maintain soil moisture within the top 75 mm. Erosion of slurry or seed shall be
avoided. Irrigation shall continue until the seedlings have grown to between 75 mm and
100 mm in height. The germination stage will be approximately 30 days. Initial re-
seeding wherever directed, and subsequently at 30 day intervals, shall be undertaken, until a
germination rate of 20 plants/sq.m has been achieved.

16.6 During the establishment stage the irrigation frequency shall be decreased and he
duration of each watering cycle increased to 5 times daily for 24 minutes at the
precipitation rate of 10mm/h. this shall continue for 90 days. All seeded areas shall be re-
fertilized at the end of the establishment stage at the rate of approximately 350kg/ha.,
depending on weather, type of soil and location and subject to Engineer's approval.

16.7 Watering shall be carried out once every 3 days whilst increasing the duration of the
watering to allow for maximum water penetration to the root system. Irrigation systems
shall be operated 3 times nightly for 30 minutes at the precipitation rate of 10 mm/h. This
"hardening-off" stage of irrigation shall be continued for 30 days.

17. Labeling of Trees and Plants

17.1 Approved type plastic labels, clearly and permanently marked with the species and
variety shall be attached to each tree, shrub and plant or to each group of these where
applicable.

18. "As Built" Drawings

18.1 Promptly upon completion of all landscaping Works, the Contractor shall furnish the
Client with 3 bound sets of 'as built' drawings which shall include the names and accurate
locations of all species installed in all the planted areas.

7.01.5 MEASUREMENT

1. Trees, Palms, Shrubs, Ground Cover, Succulents and Climbing Plants shall be
measured by the number of each type furnished, installed, including preparation of planting
areas and all necessary agricultural soil, fertilizers, staking, tying and incidentals, and
accepted.
7-15
2. Hydro seeding and Grass shall be measured by square meter furnished, planted,
including preparation of planting areas and all necessary agricultural soil, fertilizers and
incidentals, and accepted.

3. Aggregate mulch shall be measured by cubic meter furnished, laid and accepted.

4. Additional Fertilizers, recommended by the Independent Soil Analyst and approved

for use shall be measured by kilogram furnished, incorporated in the Works, and accepted.

PAY ITEMS UNIT OF MEASUREMENT

(1) Trees Number

(2) Palms Number

(3) Shrubs Number

(4) Ground Cover Number

(5) Succulents Number

(6) Climbing Pants Number

(7) Grass (Seed) Square meter (sq.m.)

(8) Grass (Solons) Square meter (sq.m.)

(9) Hydro seeding Square meter (sq.m.)

(10) Gravel Mulch Cubic Meter (cu.m.)

(11) Additional Fertilizers

(Each authorized type) Kilogram (kg)

SECTION 7.02: IRRIGATION SYSTEM

7.02.1 SCOPE

1. These Works shall consist of furnishing, installing, testing and putting into service,
complete irrigation systems to provide water for the trees, shrubs and plants around and
adjacent to the highway system, all as and where shown on the Drawings.
7-16
2. These Works shall include all civil, mechanical and electrical Works, pipelines,
pumping stations, water tanks, filters, fertilizer injection equipment, control valves,
pressure regulators and gauges, water meters, automatic or manual controllers, and all
incidentals and spare parts specified and as appropriate for the particular irrigation system
specified.

3. The irrigation system shall be as specified for the particular Project and shall be of a
type which will supply the quantities of water required, on a "programmable" basis. The
irrigation system shall, in general, be either drip irrigation utilizing drip emitters or
sprinkler irrigation using either bubblers or spray heads.

4. The source of water for irrigation is stream, reservoir, borehole or the domestic
water supply network. Where the domestic water supply network is the source of irrigation
water, this aspect should be covered in the "Special Specifications".

5. Furthermore, when access to the domestic water supply is intended, there shall be
co-ordination with the appropriate authorities regarding the planning, design, construction
of the works and the subsequent operation of the irrigation network.

6. Back flow presenters (of the double check valve type) shall be installed at points of
connection to the domestic water supply network.

7. All associated electrical installations, required for operation of the pumping station
equipment and of the system generally, shall be as specified in Section 6.18 - "Electrical
Works for Irrigation System".

8. The control head for each irrigation branch system shall include all components as
shown on the Drawings, as required for the complete operation of the system.
The final size of all components of each control head for each irrigation branch
system shall be a minimum of 20% greater than the demand load as designed
and submitted in tabular form drawn up as follows, with the working drawings
for approval:

Control Irrigation Capacity at Peak Water Apporox. Working

Head Controller Control Head Demand Pressure at
Control Head
No. (Ltr / hr) (Ltr / 24 hr) (MN/ sq.m)

9. These Works shall also include preparation and submission of detailed working
7-17
drawings prior to commencement of installation Works and 'as built' drawings on
completion of such Works.

10. 'As built' drawings, prepared on completion of the irrigation Works, shall show the
location with respect to the highway and other pipelines and other permanent features, of all
pumping stations, water tanks, irrigators, valves, pipelines, fittings and other items
incorporated in the Works. They shall also show the sizes of alt pipes, their pressure class
or rating, and the actual pressures as measured on the highest and lowest spray heads
commanded by each control valve.

7.02.2 SCHEDULES OF PROPOSED EQUIPMENT

1. Schedules containing full details of all principal items of the irrigation system shall
be submitted by the Contractor together with his Tender. The Contractor shall ensure
conformity of the equipment with the requirements of the Specifications. Any additional
information required by the Engineer shall be provided promptly by the Contractor.

2. A summary of Irrigation Equipment Manufacture, drawn up as follows, shall be

included in the Contractor's submission:

Country Catalog
Description Manufacturer of Reference
Origin

3. The Contractor shall supply equipment from the manufacturer's lists with the
characteristics indicated in his Tender unless otherwise agreed.

4. Products of manufacturers having good repute and standing will be considered by

the Engineer on an equal basis. In this respect, the Engineer's decision shall be final.

5. Approval of a manufacturer does not necessarily constitute approval of his product

as equal to that specified.

6. The Contractor shall ascertain that the approved manufacturers are capable of
supplying the required materials and/or equipment and shall ensure conformity with the
Specifications in all respects.

7.02.3 APPROVAL OF EQUIPMENT

1. Equipment shall not be ordered until approved by the Engineer. All documentation
submitted in respect of equipment shall be in the English language.

2. Promptly upon signing the Contract, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer 3
7-18
copies of the detailed characteristics of all irrigation equipment proposed, including
catalogs (originals not copies) with identification references. Particulars shall be given of
any manufacturer's deviations from the Specifications. The Contractor shall also confirm
that the selected irrigation system equipment robust, able or withstand rough handling, and
capable of supplying the specified quantities of water on a programmable basis.

3. The Contractor shall, at his own expense, present samples to the Engineer of the
various valves, pipes, fittings and other products proposed for use. Such samples will be
required only after approval of their technical characteristics.

4. The Engineer may verify the performance and quality of any samples by arranging
for such tests as he deems appropriate to be carried out at the Contractor's expense.

5. Approval of samples by the Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor of his
obligations in respect of the suability of equipment or its final performance once installed,
and coordination of elements into a fully operational irrigation system. The Contractor shall
not be entitled to any compensation in respect of rejection of any sample by the Engineer
and shall be held responsible for any delay resulting from such rejection.

7.02.4 WORKING DRAWINGS AND 'AS BUILT'

DRAWINGS

1. The Irrigation System Drawings are outlining design drawings, describing the
irrigation installations deemed necessary to achieve the required performance.

2. The Contractor shall submit for approval 3 sets of fully detailed working drawings
before commencing the Works. These working drawings shall conform with the
requirements of the Drawings and shall show the physical layout of all approved
equipment, locations of all pipelines, pumping stations, water tanks, and construction and
installation details.

3. The Contractor shall also prepare setting out drawings for pipelines which shall be at
1:1000 scale or larger, and with one meter contour intervals or smaller. The working
drawings shall include details of the types, locations and proposed methods of attachment
of pipe supports at structures.

4. Work shall not be commenced on Site until all working drawings have been
approved.

5. Upon completion of the Works, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer one
transparency (Softcopy) and 3 prints of each of the working drawings which shall have
been fully updated and corrected to represent 'as built' drawings. The Contractor shall also
submit all other relevant information and documentation concerning the operation of
irrigation equipment.
7-19
7.02.5 INSTALLATION AND CHECKING

1. The irrigation Works shall be supervised by qualified representatives of the

Contractor and full facilities and assistance shall be provided by the Contractor to enable
the Engineer to inspect or check the Works at any time. Such inspection or checking shall
in no way relieve the Contractor from any of his obligations. He may be required to open
up for inspection any equipment that has been delivered to the Site partly assembled.

2. The Contractor shall be responsible for the correctness and safety of all electrical
and mechanical connections for the irrigation system, before the system is brought into
service, including checking the proximity of different metals to ensure no chemical reaction
or corrosion will occur.

7.02.6 HANDLING OF EQUIPMENT

1. The Contractor shall provide for the safe handling, off-loading and installation of all
items supplied and shall be responsible for obtaining, and maintaining currently valid, test
certificates for handling equipment.

2. Programming of deliveries shall be coordinated to ensure accessibility of equipment

at the appropriate stage of construction. The Contractor shall protect and maintain in good
condition all equipment during storage, delivery, installation and until hand-over upon
completion.

7.02.7 SPARES

1. At the commencement of the Contract the Contractor shall submit a detailed list of
minimum essential spares recommended by the irrigation system manufacturer, together
with current prices and catalog identification.

2. Lists of any additional spares recommended by the manufacturers shall also be

submitted, referenced to each major item of equipment and showing the current prices and
catalog identifications.

3. The Engineer will select the types and numbers of spares he requires and will
instruct the Contractor to proceed with their purchase and delivery to the Employer's store
or depot. The spares shall be supplied and suitably packed for transportation to the Site and
for long term storage and shall include all fastenings, lugs, screws, etc. Identification labels
shall be attached to the outside and also enclosed within the package.

7.02.8 EQUIPMENT LABELS AND CHARTS

7-20
1. Each piece of equipment shall have a certified nameplate, permanently attached at
the factory and in a readily accessible location, printed or stamped clearly with the name
and address of the manufacturer, equipment model number, serial number, date of
manufacture, performance rating or duty, pressure, temperature, or other limitations and
other relevant data.

2. Aluminum tags 50 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thick with stamped lettering filled
with black print and with heavy aluminum or brass hooks and chains shall be provided in
lieu of labels wherever the latter cannot easily identify the equipment.

3. Charts indicating the schedules for equipment lubrication, maintenance and

essential operating instructions shall be prepared, mounted on protected wooden plaques or
6 mm Masonite boards, covered with heat bonded clear plastic laminate or framed under
glass. These charts shall be permanently fixed with four brass screws at approved locations
as directed.

4. Prior to preparing labels and tags, and maintenance charts, a preliminary schedule
shall be submitted for approval, showing the equipment to be labeled or tagged with
suggested nomenclature, and maintenance schedules proposed.

7.02.9 OPERATION AND INSTRUCTION MANUALS

1. Prior to final acceptance the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer 6

sets of operation, maintenance and instruction manuals relating to the irrigation
system. The manuals shall be A4 size, bound in loose leaf binders or booklets suitably
enclosed and shall include the following information:

1.1 Setting up, putting into service and operating instructions.

1.2 Fault location and repair procedures.

1.3 Maintenance instructions, including schedules for preventive maintenance,

and recommended lubricants and equivalents.

1.4 Complete recommended spares list, including manufacturers' names and

catalog numbers.

1.5 Names and addresses of manufacturers' local authorized representatives and

service agents.

7.02.10 PIPES AND FITTINGS

1. Pipe Identification

7-21
1.1 The following identification markings shall be legibly cast, stamped or indelibly
panted on all pipes prior to their delivery to the Site:

1.1.1 Trade name, or manufacturer's name, monogram or identification mark

1.1.2 Relevant standards

1.1.3 Nominal diameter and pressure class designation

1.1.4 Length of pipe if non-standard

1.1.5 Angle of bends in degrees

1.1.6 Date of manufacture

1.1.7 Lot reference

1.1.8 Type of material used

2. Ductile Iron Pressure Pipe

2.1 Ductile iron pressure pipe shall conform to Federal Specification WW-P- 421 or
ANSI A21.51 Class 50, 1.0 MN/sq.m, unless shown otherwise on the Drawings.

2.2 Unless otherwise noted, factory protection shall consist of internal cement mortar
lining conforming to ANSI A21.4 with sulfate resistant Portland cement and external
bitumen coating of one mm thickness.

3. Unplasticized PVC Pressure Pipe

3.1 Plastic pipe supply line shall be UPVC of the types and classifications as shown on
the Drawings. Plastic pipe supply line shall conform to either JSS/324/1984 or ASTM D
1785 or D 2241 . Plastic pipe supply line and fittings shall be the solvent cemented type.

3.2 Fittings shall he injection molded UPVC, Schedule 40, conforming to JSS/324/1984
or ASTM D 2466, except that fittings for plastic pipe supply line 50 mm diameter or larger
with a pressure rating of 2.2 MN/sq.m (22 kg/sq.cm) shall be injection molded UPVC,
Schedule 80, conforming to ASTM D 2467.

3.3 Solvent cement and primer for UPVC plastic pipe and fittings for supply line shall
be of commercial quality specifically manufactured for use with rigid UPVC plastic pipe
and fittings. The solvent cement and primer issued shall be made by the same manufacturer.
The color of the primer shall contrast with the color of the pipe and fittings.
7-22
4. Steel Tube

4.1 Steel pipe and couplings and wrought iron couplings shall conform to JSS/137/1980
or ASTM A53 or ASTM A120, standard weight, galvanized. Fittings (except couplings)
shall be galvanized malleable iron, banded and threaded 68 kg Class.

5. Flexible Pipe Couplings

5.1 Flexible couplings shall be of the correct type and class recommended by the
manufacturer for the specific pipe material and pressure and is fixed in Accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.

5.2 Couplings shall be of the straight type to connect two plain ended pipes of the same
outside diameter or of the stepped type for large differences in diameter. Couplings shall be
with center register. Material shall be malleable iron conforming to ASTM A47 or rolled
steel conforming to ASTM A781. Rubber rings shall conform to ASTM D1414.

5.3 Allowable angular defection shall be not less than 6 degrees for sizes up to 600 mm
diameter. Factory protection shall consist of external and internal bitumen coating of one
mm thickness.

6. Flexible Connectors

6.1 Flexible Connectors shall be expansion joints of the stainless steel pack less bellows
type suitable for 1.6 MN/sq.m (16 kg/sq.cm) water pressure. Sizes shall be the same as the
pipes on which they are to be installed, with screwed ends for sizes 50 mm or smaller and
flanged ends for sizes larger than 50 mm.

7. Flanged Adaptor

7.1 Flanged adaptors shall be of the correct type and class recommended by the
manufacturer for the specific pipe materials and pressure and be fixed in accordance with
the manufacturer's recommendations.

7.2 Length of adaptor shall be 200 mm for diameters up to 150 mm; 250 mm for
diameters between 200 mm and 300 mm and as approved for diameters larger than 300
mm. Factory protection shall consist of external and internal bitumen coating of 1 mm
thickness.

8. Jointing Materials

7-23
8.1 Gaskets shall be elastomeric full face, 3 mm thick joint rings conforming to ASTM
C564 with dimensions conforming to BS 3063.

8.2 Rings shall be elastomeric conforming to ASTM D1414 with dimensions as per the
manufacturer's recommendations to suit the type of joint required.

8.3 Bolts and nuts shall be ISO metric black hexagon with a minimum tensile strength of
433 MN/sq.m and a maximum elongation of 17%. After fixing, bolt projection shall be
between 3 mm and 6 mm.

8.4 Washers shall be back steel conforming to ASTM F 844.

7.02.11 VALVES AND ACCESSORIES

1. General Requirements

1.1 These requirements apply to valves up to and including 350 mm nominal diameter.

1.2 Valves shall be rated at 1.0 MN/sq.m (10 kg/sq.cm)

1.3 Size 50 mm and smaller shall have screwed ends.

1.4 Size 65 mm and larger shall have flanged end connections (1.6 MN/sq.m).

1.5 Construction of the valve shall allow for complete servicing without the need to
remove the valve body from the line.

1.6 Factory protection of cast iron valves shall consist of an initial coat of protective
paint applied immediately after shot blasting and a second coat on assembly.

1.7 For cast iron valves that will be installed indoors, the protective coating shall consist
of two coats of zinc primer. Two coats of oil paint shall be applied, one before and one after
assembly. For cast iron valves that will be buried or installed inside valve chambers, the
protective coating shall consist of two coats of cold coal tar based primer. Two coats of hot
coal tar based coating shall be applied after assembly.

1.8 After testing, each valve shall be drained, cleaned and closed. Valves shall be
prepared for dispatch in such a way as to prevent, the possibility of damage to inside or
outside parts during transit. All machined parts shall be protected against rusting by
painting or by other approved means.

1.9 For all underground valves, the Contractor shall provide a valve support, the
necessary ductile iron Flanged/spigot pipes for connecting to pipes and all necessary
7-24
fittings, tapers, flanged adaptors, bolts, nuts, gaskets etc. for a complete installation.

1.10 The valve box shall be constructed as shown on the Drawings.

1.11 Valve markers shall bear suitable identification marking, as shown on the Drawings
or as directed.

2. Gate Valves

2.1 Unless shown otherwise on the Drawings, gate valves shall be of the same size as the
pipeline.

2.2 Size 75 mm and smaller shall be all bronze and shall conform to Federal
Specification WW-V-54, with solid wedge disk, non-rising stem, and screwed bonnet.

2.3 Sizes larger than 75 mm shall conform to AWWA C500, with cast iron body,
bronze-mounted, inside screw, solid wedge, resilient seated, bolted bonnet and non-rising
stem, suitable for 1.0 MN/sq.m (10 kg/sq.cm).

2.4 Gate valves shall be supplied with hand wheels, valve caps or extension spindle
sockets as shown on the Drawings.

2.5 The valve stem and seat shall be removable from the valve body without
disconnecting the body from the piping system.

3. Butterfly Valves

3.1 Butterfly valves shall conform to AWWA C 504, cast iron and carbon steel, double
flanged, resilient seated.

3.2 Operation key shall be as shown on the Drawings.

4. Globe Valves

4.1 Size 50 mm and smaller shall be all bronze and shall conform to Federal
Specification WW-V-51F, with integral seat, revolving seat and disk, inside screw, rising
stem and screwed bonnet.

4.2 Sizes larger than 50 mm shall be of cast iron body with bronze trim, renewable seat
and disk, outside screw, rising stem and flanged bonnet.

7-25
5. Check Valves

5.1 Size 50 mm and smaller shall be all bronze and shall conform to Federal
Specification WW-V-51, swing type with renewable composition disk and screwed cap.

5.2 Sizes larger than 50 mm shall be cast iron body, bronze-mounted, of the non-slam,
swing check or lift check types as shown on the Drawings, with gunmetal renewable
seating rings.

6. Solenoid Valves

6.1 Electric solenoid control valves shall be diaphragm operated, globe pattern remote
control valves for open/close operation.

6.2 Solenoid valves shall be of the slow-opening and slow-closing type suitable for the
indicated low flow/low operating capacity at an operating, pressure of .05 to 1.5 (1.4)
MN/sq.m (0.5 to 15 (14) kg/sq.cm).

6.3 Solenoid valves shall be of the normally closed type i.e. energized coil opens the
valve. Upon a power failure or de-energizing of the solenoid coil, the valve shall close.

6.4 Solenoid valves shall be actuated by a low power, 2 Watt, 24 volt A.C. solenoid
actuator. The solenoid plunger shall have a "grit filter" which shall filter all water entering
the plunger tube and minimize the possibilities of plunger "hang-up" due to debris or grit.
The solenoid shall have stainless steel "U" frame and a completely encapsulated coil of
molded epoxy to make it waterproof. Coil wire leads shall not be less than 2.5 sq.mm direct
burial wires.

6.5 Valves shall have a manual flow control stem and handle for adjusting the flow
through the unit and for manual shut-off of the valve. A manual operating bleed plug shall
provide for manual operation of the valve without energizing the solenoid coil. The
solenoid plunger shall be spring loaded to assure positive seating and allow valve to be
mounted in any position desired and not be restricted to a horizontal position. A stainless
steel spring on top of the diaphragm shall assure positive closure and seating of the
diaphragm.

6.6 A self-flushing, nylon screen shall be located in the inlet water passage and shall
filter all water going to the bonnet chamber. Valves with un- screened internal passages for
delivering control water to the bonnet chamber shall not be accepted. The type of valve
shall be specifically designed for operation in silty, sandy, severe water conditions.

6.7 Solenoid valves shall be fitted with all necessary pilot valves, copper tubes and
contacts for remote indication of table valve status position open or closed, at the irrigation
program controller.
7-26
6.8 Valve bodies and bonnets shall be constructed of heavy cast brass with accurately
machined surfaces. Alternatively, the valve body shall be glass filled nylon, the bonnet
shall be ASB. The diaphragm shall be of nylon reinforced Buna-N rubber or approved
equivalent for maximum strength and durability. The molded, high pressure diaphragm
shall provide for positive shut-off and eliminate any "weeping".

6.9 The valve construction shall be such as to provide for all internal parts to be
removable from the top of the valve by removal of the bonnet and not require the valve
body so be removed from the piping system. The solenoid shall be constructed such That
the coil is detachable from the plunger tube without removal of the solenoid actuator from
the valve bonnet and thus eliminating the requirement of cutting the field wire connections
for removal or servicing. Maximum bolting strength between bonnet and body shall be
accomplished by stainless steel bolts threading into the body. A molded-in "O"-ring on the
diaphragm shall provide for watertight seal between body and bonnet.

6.10 Valves shall have an operating pressure rating of not less than 1.5
MN/sq.m 15 (14) kg/sq.cm) and a fluid temperature rating of not less than 93
degrees C. All parts shall be of non-corrosive, non-ferrous material of cast brass, machined
brass, rubber, molded plastic or stainless steel.

7. Pressure Reducing Valves

7.1 Pressure reducing valves (PRV) shall automatically reduce a higher inlet pressure to
a steady lower downstream pressure regardless of changing flow rate and/or varying inlet
pressure. They shall also prevent slamming or water hammier through effective cushioning
devices. The PRV shall incorporate an orifice/strainer block and a plugged outlet on the
downstream end for measuring the reduced pressure.

7.2 One portable pressure gauge suitable for fitting to the plugged outlet shall be
supplied with every batch of 25 valves or fraction thereof exceeding 12 units. The number
of pressure gauges thus supplied shall not be less than 2 nor more than 5. The valves shall
have a control accuracy of plus or minus 2.5% of the preset reduced pressure value and
shall have a drop tight shut- off, full face seating.

7.3 Setting of the controlled downstream pressure and its tensing shall be carried out at
the factory. Field tests shall be carried out to confirm the controlled pressure. The
maximum upstream pressure that the valve shall be able to reduce to the indicated
downstream pressure shall not be less than 1.5MN/sq.m (15 kg/sq.cm).

7.4 The valve body shall be tested at l.6MN/sq.m (16 kg/sq.cm).

7.5 The valve shall be hydraulically operated and of the self-contained differential
piston or pilot controlled diaphragm or piston type.
7-27
7.6 The valve shall close drop tight to no-flow conditions and when the downstream
pressure exceeds the inlet pressure.

7.7 The main valve shall be of the globe or angle type as specified. The pilot controls,
the trim of both main valve and pilot controls and all springs shall be of stainless steel 303.
The diaphragm shall be of nylon reinforced Buna – N.

7.8. Internal coating shall consist of epoxy resin.

8. Remote Controlled Pressure Reducing Valves

8.1 The remote controlled pressure reduced valves Shall be pressure reducing valves
provided with a solenoid activated shut-off valve similar to the shut-off valve controlling
the specified solenoid valve.

9. Pressure Relief Check Valves (Pump Control Valves)

9.1 Pressure relief valves shall operate to automatically maintain a constant maximum
system pressure, regardless of varying demand rates, by relieving excess pressure to pump
suction. They shall also control excess pressure within the system and prevent back flow in
case of pressure reversal.

9.2 The valve shall operate when die system pressure exceeds a certain preset
maximum. This maximum pressure shall be coordinated with the pump characteristics,
particularly the shut-off head, to avoid overheating of the pump motor at low demands.

9.3 The valve shall have a control accuracy of plus or minus 5% of the preset maximum
system pressure and shall have a drop tight shut-off whenever the system pressure is below
the preset relief pressure.

9.4 Setting of the relief pressure and testing shall be carried out at the Factory. Field
tests shall be carried out to confirm the relief pressure.

9.5 The main valve shall be of the globe type as specified. The pilot controls, the trim of
both main valve and pilot controls and all springs, shall be of stainless steel 303. The
diaphragm shall be of nylon reinforced Buna-N.

9.6 Internal coating shall consist of epoxy resin.

10. Air Valves

10.1 The Contractor shall supply and install air valves at locations as shown on the
7-28
Drawings.

10.2 Air valves shall have cast iron body and bolted cover, rubber outlet seat, plastic or
ebonite ball, forged bronze screws and guide for ball acting under pressure. Valves shall be
of the dynamic type where there is no possibility of the ball being drawn into the orifice
due to high air velocities. Valves shall be factory tested to 1.6MN/sq.m (16 kg/sq.cm).

10.3 Valves shall be isolated from the mainline with a brass or gunmetal male screwed
stop valve.

10.4 Combination air valves shall be used for relieving air under vacuum or
pressure and in bulk and shall consist of a large orifice to release or admit
air during charging or emptying of mains and small orifice to release air
accumulated at summits of mains under pressure. The large orifice area shall
be equal to or greater than the inlet of the valve. The valve shall be fitted
with a nitrile rubber lined butterfly valve with nylon coated disc on a stainless steel shaft
operated by lever handle with indicator and locking thumb screw.

10.5 Air and vacuum valves shall be Types I and II. Type I (large orifice) shall be used
for releasing or admitting air during filling or emptying of pipes. Type II (small orifice)
shall be used for automatically releasing, under pressure, accumulated air at summits of
mains and where necessary at gradient changes.

10.6 The air valves shall generally be of a manufacture compatible with that of the
control valves.

11. Penstocks (Sluice Gates)

11.1 Penstocks shall be the sluice gate type conforming to AWWA C501, non- rising
stem having a faced back, studded for connecting to the discharge pipe flange and suitable
for on-seating pressure with conventional closure and circular aperture. The stem shall be a
continuous single piece. Couplings will not be allowed.

11.2 Unless otherwise specified, any of the materials listed in Section 2 of the AWWA
Standard may be used in manufacture, except materials identified as being subject to de-
zincification or de-acumination.

11.3 Sluice gates shall be operated by a hand wheel without gears. Maximum operating
head from surface of water to centerline of gate shall be as shown on the Drawings.

11.4 A leakage test, conforming to Section 6.3 of the AWWA C501 Standard, shall be
carried out at the factory on all sluice gates and 3 copies of all test (certificates and results
shall be submitted.

7-29
11.5 Surfaces of castings shall be factory protected as specified for cast iron valves.

12. Backflow Preventers

12.1 Backflow preventers shall be installed in the locations shown on the Drawings.
Normally for each control head in the system a backflow preventer shall be installed
upstream of all other components in the control head. Backflow preventers shall only be
installed in locations where they are readily accessible for maintenance and testing and
shall not be located where any part of the device can become submerged at any time.

12.2 Backflow preventers shall be of the reduced pressure principle type.

12.3 Backflow preventers shall be evaluated and tested by an approved authority and
certified by the American Society of Sanitary Engineering Standards 1013 (Latest Edition)
for reduced pressure principle backflow preventers. Such valves shall also meet the
performance requirements of AWWA C 506 and the performance requirements of the
University of Southern California Foundation for Cross Connection Control Research or
approved equivalents.

12.4 Backflow presenters up to 75 mm in size shall be machined cast bronze body

construction and up to 150 mm in size shall be cast iron body construction and all with
internal waterways epoxy coated, stainless steel and/or brass internal parts and stainless
steel flange bolts, durable, tight-seating rubber check valve assemblies.

12.5 Backflow presenters shall be suitable for supply pressure up to 1.2 MN/sq.m (12
kg/sq.cm) and for water temperature up to 44 degrees C. The operating range for flow and
pressure loss shall be as shown on the Drawings.

12.6 The backflow prevented assembly shall consist of a pressure differential relief valve
located in a zone between, two positive seating check valves. The relief valve shall contain
a separate means whereby free air will enter the zone, and contained water will be
discharged to the atmosphere, when the valve is fully open.

12.7 The backflow assembly shall include 2 gate valves for isolating unit, and 3 test
cocks for testing the device to ensure proper operation.

12.8 Backflow preventers shall be designed for inline servicing.

13. Water Meters

13.1 Water flow meters shall be installed in the locations shown on the Drawings.

13.2 Unless stated otherwise on the Drawings, the meter shall be of the helical rosary
type and suitable for a normal flow stated on the Drawings. It shall be accurate to within
7-30
5% over the specified flow range.

13.3 The meters shall measure the instantaneous rate of flow as well as totalize the flow.

13.4 No negative reading shall be imposed by air passage or suction due to the emptying
of the pipe system upstream from the meter.

13.5 The meter shall be made of corrosion and wear resistant materials. It shall have dial
glass wipers. The meter shall be sealable against, unauthorized tampering.

14. Jointing Materials

14.1 Gaskets, rings, nuts, bolts and washers for valves and accessories shall conform to
all requirements for jointing materials specified under "Pipes and Fittings".

15. Valve Accessories

15.1 Hand wheels shall be made of cast iron to ASTM A126. Hand wheels shall be
marked "CLOSE" with an arrow to indicate clockwise direction of closure. Diameters and
other construction details shall be to manufacturer's standards. One hand wheel shall be
supplied for each hand operated valve.

15.2 Valve caps shall be of cast iron to ASTM A126 or malleable iron to ASTM A47.
Set screws of valve caps shall be mild steel M12.

15.3 Operation keys shall be of the combination prising bar and lifting key type, 1.5 m
long vertical bar, and 0.5 m long horizontal bar. Keys shall be supplied at the rate of one for
every 5 valves with a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 10.

15.4 Extension spindles for gate valves shall be hot dip galvanized, size 18 mm by 18 mm
for valves up to 200 mm diameter and 24 mm by 24 mm for valves 250mm to 350 mm
diameter. Length, for each valve size, shall suit excavation requirements. Spindles shall
have cast iron or malleable iron caps and couplings conforming to ASTM A126 and to
ASTM A47 respectively, on both ends of extension spindles (cap connecting to valve). Set
screws of caps and couplings shall be mild steel M12.

15.5 Protection tubes for extension spindles shall be either UPVC or cast iron. Shape,
size and other construction details shall be to manufacturer's standards. Tubes shall have
caps encircling extension spindles.

15.6 Surface boxes shall be of cast iron. Frames and lids shall be cast conforming to
ASTM A126. Studs, bolts, nuts and hinge pins shall be mild steel M12. Chains shall be
mild steel or wrought iron. Lids shall be of the medium grade type B. Lifting keys shall be
malleable iron, supplied at the rate of one per 5 covers.
7-31
16. Valve Chambers and Markers

16.1 Unless shown otherwise on the Drawings all backflow preventers, gate valves,
pressure regulators, electric solenoid valves, manual control valves, pressure gauges and
water meters shall be installed in precast concrete access boxes of proper size for easy
access. Access boxes shall be complete with precast concrete cover. Concrete for access
boxes shall be Class 20.

16.2 Unless shown otherwise on the Drawings all access boxes shall be installed on a
suitable base of gravel for proper foundation of box and easy leveling of box to proper
grade and also to provide drainage of the access box.

16.3 Valve markers showing the reference numbers of the valves shall be of materials
and to the dimensions, shapes and details as shown on the Drawings.

7.02.12 IRRIGATORS

1. Irrigation Program Controllers

1.1 Irrigation program controllers shall be of the dual program, electro-mechanical type
or computer (solid state) type, capable of fully automatic or manual operation of the
system. They shall be housed, as required, in either pedestal mounted or wall mounted
corrosion proof and weatherproof lockable cabinets.

1.2 Each controller shall be capable of operating the required number of stations. Each
station shall be capable of controlling 3 (2) electric remote valves operating on 24 volts AC,
and shall have a minimum time setting control capable of being set for 2 minute increments
from 2 to 60 minutes, unless otherwise indicated, or set to omit the station from the
irrigation cycle.

1.3 The controller shall have a selector for a 7-day program for each station with up to
23 (8) start times per day on each program.

1.4 The controller shall have a switch for fully automatic or manual operation or to
allow valve power output to be interrupted without affecting the controller timers.

1.5 The contraire shall have a remote pump start circuit to activate a remote pump start
relay to run the pump during the irrigation cycle.

1.6 The controller shall allow for opening the first solenoid valve before operating the
pump and also for closing the last solenoid valve after stopping the pump.

1.7 The controller shall, where shown on the Drawings, be suitable for receiving
7-32
controlled signals from a remote computer-assisted control center to supervise the operation
of the solenoid valves.

1.8 The controller shall feature automatic fault identification to identify electrical
shorts, skips the shorted stations ,and continues to water the remaining program.

1.9 The controller shall have a non-volatile memory.

1.10 The controller shall allow for water budget feature by program.

1.11 The controller shall allow for Cycle & Soak feature by station.

2. Irrigator Spray Heads

2.1 The spray head shall be of the fixed, non-rotating spray or stream spray type
adaptable for full circle or part circle wetting patterns. It shall be made of rugged brass or
plastic as shown on the Drawings and be able to withstand rough handling.

2.2 The spray nozzles shall be capable of providing a precise and uniform spray pattern
at the specified pressure and precipitation rate.

2.3 Spray head discharge rate, spray radius and operating nozzle pressure shall be as
shown on the Drawings.

2.4 Shrub spray heads shall be installed at a fixed height above finished ground level as
shown on the Drawings.

2.5 Grass spray heads shall be of the pop-up type that retracts flush with finished ground
level when out of operation. During operation, the net pop-up height shall be not less than
150 mm. The pop-up extension shall be totally enclosed when out of operation, in a sealed
plastic tube and shall be designed to prevent intrusion of debris and clogging or jamming.

2.6 The Contractor shall submit the test results carried out at the factory substantiating
the required performance (discharge and radius of throw at the prescribed operating
pressure and height above ground) and showing the actual precipitation rate and its
uniformity as obtained from the uniformity test carried out using catch cans. The uniformity
test shall be carried out on single spray heads selected at the rate of one out of every batch
of 1,000 spray heads, the tested spray heads shall be labeled and shall accompany the test
results.

2.7 Sprayers installed at low points shall be equipped with low head
drainage prevention seal .

7-33
2.8 Sprayers shall be connected to the pipe using a flexible swing joint.

2.9 Sprayers shall be connected to the pipes using vandalism resistant

connection.

3. Irrigation Rotor Sprinkler Heads:

3.1 The full or part circle sprinkler shall be a water lubricated ,gear drive
type ,meeting the coverage radius, flow and pressure as shown on the design drawings.

3.2 The sprinkler shall not reverse direction during continuous operation in
the full circle mode . The part circle sprinkler shall have an adjustable arc coverage of
50 to 330 degs.

3.3 Arc adjustment shall be performed with or without the rotor in

operation.

3.3 The nozzle shall be independent of the riser stem . The nozzle shall cover
close to long range.

3.4 The sprinkler shall have a pressure activated wiper seal . It shall prevent
the sprinkler from sticking in the up position, and be capable of sealing the sprinkler
riser stem to the sprinkler cap.

3.5 The sprinkler shall have a basket screen filter attached to the drive
housing.

3.6 Sprinklers located at low points shall have a special seal to prevent low
head drainage.

3.7 Sprinklers shall have an arc memory feature.

3.8 Sprinklers shall be connected to the pipes using swing joint and
vandalism resistant connection.

4. Irrigator Bubblers

4.1 Bubblers shall be either the adjustable flow type or the pressure compensating type,
both constructed of hard durable heat resistant plastic. The discharge rate and operating
pressure shall be as shown on the Drawings. Bubblers shall have an inlet screen constructed
of plastic to protect nozzle against clogging.
7-34
4.2 The adjustable flow bubbler shall be provided with a tamper proof adjusting brass
screw for throttling the flow down to complete shut-off.

4.3 The pressure compensating bubbler shall consist of an integral rubber device that
automatically modulates pressure and discharges the specified flow at varying operating
pressure conditions, within the required range.

5. Polyethylene Tubing and Fittings

For Drip Irrigation

5.1 The lateral hoses on which drip emitters are installed and all distribution tubing shall
be manufactured from a high grade compound of polyethylene incorporating carbon black
to ensure maximum resistance to ultra-violet radiation combined with adequate flexibility
to prevent splitting when fittings are installed.

5.2 Polyethylene pipe shall conform to ASTM D 1248, Type II, Class C, Grade P 23,
and shall withstand a one hour hydrostatic pressure of. 35MN/sq-m (3.5 kg/sq.cm) when
tested m accordance with ASTM D 1598, Wall thicknesses of polyethylene pipe shall be a
minimum of 2 mm and shall be of such thickness as to withstand the full operating pressure
without deformation or failure Polyethylene pipe shall show no evidence of failure when
tested by the environmental stress cracking test.

5.3 For each environmental stress cracking test, 6 randomly selected 250 mm long
specimens shall be tested. A 10% oversized barbed fitting shall be inserted into one end of
each specimen. The barbed fitting shall have an outside diameter which is 10% greater
than the maximum outside barb diameter specified m Table 1 of ASTM D 2609 for the pipe
size being tested. The specimens shall be placed in a 10% "Ideal CO-630" solution at 50
degrees C for a 24 hour period. After this period the specimens shall be examined for
failure.

5.4 Drip lateral fittings shall be of sturdy and durable construction with minimum flow
resistance and shall be recommended by the manufacturers of the polyethylene pipe.
Couplings shall be of the compression type. Connection of laterals to manifolds shall be
achieved using compression fittings or insert barbs with external retaining clamps or collars
to provide a positive pipe to fitting connection that will not separate at the designed
pressure.

5.5 The fitting shall attach to the manifold by solvent cement for UPVC and by threaded
connection or rubber grommet ( Clamp Saddle ) for polyethylene. Ends of laterals shall
be folded over and held in place by a slide collar
7-35
5.6 Drip laterals shall be anchored to the soil using ground hooks ,placed at
5 meters intervals.

5.7 Polyethylene fittings shall be either compression type or push fit with
clamp.

6. Emitters for Drip Irrigation

6.1 Emitters shall be of the pressure compensating type or continuous

flushing type with a flow exponent and manufacturing coefficient of variation as
specified for the particular Project, They shall be constructed to satisfy the requirements
specified for every type identified for the particular project. Emitters shall be continuously
self-cleaning without requiring system pressure changes or system flow interruption to
activate the self-cleaning action.

6.2 The emitter body shall be constructed of durable heat and weather resistant plastic
suitable for direct burial or exposed application and shall be opaque to ultra-violet light.
Outlets shall have an internal barb appropriate for the outside diameter of the distribution
tubing for snap-on attachment. The distribution tubing shall be placed underground unless
otherwise shown on the Drawings.

6.3 Flow regulating diaphragms shall be highly resilient silicon elastomer. Flow orifices
shall be of sufficient size to pass the particle size specified as well as bios lime produced by
soil-borne organisms.

6.4 The pressure compensating feature in the pressure compensating type emitters shall
allow the emitters to operate over the pressure range specified with a pressure-discharge
response allowing a constant discharge over the operating pressure range.

7. Boxes for Drip Emitters

7.1 Emitter boxer shall be of rugged thermoplastic with top access cover and side
openings for the drip line and emitter distribution tubing, and of sizes and shape suitable
for £he emitters with which they are used. The boxes shall be used to protect the emitters
and shall be installed buried with top of cover flush with the finished ground surface.

7. Irrigation Taps

7.1 Irrigation taps shall be brass bib taps with stepped tapered hose connections of sizes
and installation details as shown on the Drawings.

7-36
8. Quick Coupling Valves :

8.1 The valve body shall be constructed of heavy cast brass . The cover shall
be made of durable thermoplastic rubber ,and shall be self closing.

8.2 The valve shall be opened and closed by a brass key of the same
manufacturer .

8.3 The valve shall be connected to the pipes by a swing joint assembly.

8.4 The Valve shall be housed in a suitable ,lockable valve box.

7.02.13 PUMPING UNITS

1. Materials

1.1 All materials shall be demonstrated to be adequately corrosion resistant. Assembly

arrangements shall include isolation of dissimilar metals to avionic galvanic interaction.

1.2 Pumps shall have factory plugged connections for casing vents, drain and suction
and discharge pressure gauges.

1.3 Rotating assemblies shall be statically and dynamically balanced at the factory of
manufacture.

1.4 Packing rings shall be installed in alternate layers staggered 90 degrees. Packing
shall be tightened to seal while permitting the prescribed amount of leakage for lubrication.

1.5 Pumps shall have shaft packing or mechanical seals compatible with pump design
and the nature of liquid pumped, in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations
or as specified.

1.6 Operating characteristics pump point of specified flow and head shall fall near the
point of maximum efficiency as obtained from manufacturer's published data. The pump
shall be able to supply 50% of the specified flow at an increase in head not exceeding 50%
of the range between specified and shut-off heads.

1.7 Power rating of pump drive motor shall ensure non-over loading of the motor
throughout the capacity range of the pump for the impeller diameter selected.

1.8 Pumps shall be provided from the factory complete with electric motors mounted on
a common cast iron or steel base complete with anti-vibration mountings to manufacturer's
recommendations and properly aligned.
7-37
2. Shop Tests

2.1 Certified results of shop tests made by the manufacturer in accordance with
applicable portions of the Hydraulic Institute Standards, unless otherwise approved, for
each pump shall include the following:

2.1.1 Performance test throughout capacity range of pump with specified design
operating point clearly indicated on pump flow-head characteristic curve.

2.1.2 Hydrostatic pressure test to 1.5 times shut-off pressure of pump.

1.2 Pump data submitted shall include pump designation number shown on the
Drawings; model number; serial number; customer order number; flow; suction and
discharge pressures; shut-off pressures; and speed.

3. Horizontal Pumps

3.1 Each horizontal pump shall be base mounted, double suction, single multiple stage
as required, centrifugal type, directly connected to the motor through a heavy duty flexible
coupling, with heavy gauge coupling guard.

3.2 The pump casing shall be high tensile strength cast iron, designed for a working
pressure of l.6MN/sq.m (16 kg/sq.cm), and fitted with easily removable bronze wear rings
dowelled to casing.

3.3 The impeller shall be bronze, enclosed, double suction type, fastened the shaft by
stainless steel key and screw locked.

3.4 Suction and discharge nozzles shall be of in-line piping design.

3.5 The shaft shall be of high strength steel, sized to carry axial and radial thrust with
minimum deflection and protected against corrosion by full length bronze shaft sleeves.
Suitable gaskets shall be provided between impeller hub and shaft sleeves.

3.6 The pump rotating element shall be supported by 2 heavy duty, grease lubricated
ball bearings for both radial and thrust loads, mounted in machined moisture proof and
dustproof cast iron housings, bolted to the pump casing with register fits to ensure
permanent alignment. Bearings shall be provided with grease seals and water slingers to
protect against contamination, and shall be readily accessible for lubrication.

3.7 Mechanical seals shall be hi-resist face, carbon washer and stainless steel parts,
except where mechanical glands are fitted.

7-38
3.8 Pump and motor shall be mounted on a common base reinforced against deflection,
with drip rim, drain tapping, bolt holes and grouting hole.

3.9 Impeller and pump outer casing shall be factory treated by shot blasting and priming
with epoxy or approved equal treatment. Casing shall then be given one undercoat and one
top coat of chlorinated rubber of approved color.

4. Motor for Horizontal Pump

4.1 The motor shall be supplied by the manufacturer of the pumping equipment and
shall be suitable for the pump duty concerned.

4.2 The motor shall conform to all relevant requirements of Section 6.18 - "Electrical
Works for Irrigation System".

5. Submersible Pumps

5.1 Each submersible pump shall be of the submersible centrifugal type forming, with
its electric motor, a compact unit on a combined base and with a suction strainer. A
threaded discharge elbow shall form an integrally cast part of the pump casing. The pump
shall be provided with a clamp for the discharge pipe and with a watertight cable entry.

5.2 The pump shall have a cast iron casing, impeller and motor stator housing. The shaft
and all bolts and nuts shall be of stainless steel, the impeller shall be of bronze. The pump
shall have two double face mechanical seals. An oil casing shall be provided within the
pump to lubricate and cool the seal rings. The pump shall be fitted with bronze case wear
rings and bronze terminal cover.

5.3 The whole unit shall be externally finished in black, non-hardening, corrosion-
resistant, rubber-bitumen paint or in the manufacturer's standard finish, if approved.

6. Motor for Submersible Pump

6.1 The motor shall conform to all relevant requirements of Section 6.18 – "Electrical
Works for Irrigation System.

7.02.14 MECHANICAL FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES

1. Pressure Gauges

1.1 Glycerin filled and hermetically sealed pressure gauges shall be installed in the
irrigation networks as shown on the Drawings. Pressure gauges shall conform to Federal
Specification GG-G-76 and shall be of class, style, type and pressure range as shown on the
Drawings.
7-39
1.2 Pressure gauges shall be constructed of stainless steel, bronze or other corrosion
resistant metals. Plastic materials shall not be used.

1.3 Dial diameter shall be of such size and range as to allow easy reading with black
numerals on white background. Dial face shall be calibrated in increments of 1 m head of
water.

1.4 All pressure gauges used in the Works, or for testing, shall be accompanied by a
calibration and testing certificate from the manufacturer or from an independent testing
laboratory.

2. Strainers

2.1 Size 50 mm strainers and smaller shall be screwed, Y-type, bronze body, 10-
kg/sq.cm (150 psi) steam working pressure rating, with 20-mesh stainless steel screen and
screwed cap with a half inch tapped hole and a blow down valve installed.

2.2 Strainers larger than 50 mm shall be flanged, basket type, cast iron body,
0.84MN/sq.m (8.6 kg/sq.cm) steam working pressure rating, with 20-mesh stainless steel
basket screen, bolted cap and 19 mm tapped hole at the bottom with a blow down valve
installed.

3. Filters

3.1 Filters shall be installed where shown on the Drawings. The purpose of the filters
shall be removal of suspended solids from the pumped water at a flow equal to the capacity
of the pumping station.

3.2 The capacity of each filter unit and screen mesh size shall be as shown on the
Drawings. Unless shown otherwise, the filter unit shall be of the screen type and composed
of filter housing, screen or filter cartridges, flush valves, isolation valves and pressure
gauges. The filter housing shall be of stainless steel and of a type suitable for horizontal
installation.

3.3 Inlet and outlet connections shall be of a size and type suitable for connecting to the
pump discharge header on which the filter unit is to be installed. Inlet and outlet shall be
provided with gate valves for isolating the filter unit from the system.

3.4 The screen or filter shall consist of a stainless steel screen for a perforation size
larger than 0.8 mm or of a polymer mesh for sizes smaller, than 30 meshes. The support of
the screen or filter shall be a stainless steel cartridge that allows easy field replacement of
the screen or filter.

7-40
3.5 The discharge from the flush port shall be conveyed in a UPVC pipe, of adequate
size, to the sump of the pumping station or as shown on the Drawings.

4. Fertilizer Injection Equipment

4.1 Fertilizer injection equipment shall be of the Venture type by-passed on the main
pipeline and consist of a fertilizer tank with a minimum capacity of dry chemical fertilizer,
as shown on the Drawings, having a hinged pressure tight cover.

4.2 Connections from the tank to the pipeline shall be sized so as to allow the fertilizer
to be dissolved and dispersed at the rate shown on the Drawings for normal pump
operation.

4.3 All parts in contact with the fertilizer shall be of corrosion resistant material.

5. Roof Cowls for Pumping Station

5.1 Roof cowls shall be of the spun dome type designed for roof curb mounting. Relief
vents shall be fully weatherproofed and of all aluminum construction. All materials used
shall be solid non-ferrous.

5.2 The cowl cover shall be constructed of heavy gauge aluminum and shall comprise a
square spun hinged type dome, connected to the square curb with a smooth spun venture.
The cowl cover shall be provided with wire mesh bird screen.

5.3 The damper shall be multi-blade type.

6. Metal Work

6.1 All purpose metal items required in the Works shall be fabricated in accordance with
the relevant requirements of Section 5.16 - "Structural Steelwork and Metal Components".

6.2 Painting of purpose-made metal items shall be in conformity with the relevant
requirements of Section 8.09 - "Painting of Structures".

7.02.15 CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION

1. General

1.1 The Contractor shall stake out the location of each run of pipe and all valve and
equipment locations prior to ditching. Before installation is started in any given area, the
Engineer will check all locations and give his approval if found satisfactory.

1.2 The main, sub main and lateral line shall be installed to the depths as shown on the
7-41
Drawings.

2. Excavation and Backfilling

2.1 Trench excavation, provision of bedding and backfilling for irrigation

pipelines shall conform to all relevant requirements of Section 5.13 - "Pipe
Culverts and Storm Drains and Utility Ducts" and of Section 2.09 - ''Excavation and
Backfill for Structures", appropriate to the type and class of pipe being laid, and as shown
on the Drawings.

2.2 All piping under pavements shall be installed in pipe sleeves (ducts) to permit
replacement at a later date. Sleeves for irrigation piping shall be sulfate resistant reinforced
concrete pipe conforming to the relevant requirements of section 5.13 - "Pipe Culverts,
Storm Drains and Utility Ducts". Locations and sizes of pipe sleeves are as shown on the
Drawings. Pipe and sleeves, or sleeves only, shall be placed prior to or during construction
of the highway. Any piping installed after completion of the highway construction shall be
placed after jacking a pipe sleeve under the pavement. The Contractor will not be permitted
to cut into the pavement for pipe installation.

3. Delivery of Pipes and Fittings

3.1 The Contractor shall follow the pipe manufacturer's recommended procedures for
delivery, unloading, stacking and handling pipes and fittings.

3.2 Loading and unloading shall be carried out by lifting with hoists, using ropes or
slings in order to avoid shock or damage. Fittings shall be loaded and unloaded
individually. Pipes handled on skid ways shall not be skidded or rolled against pipes or
other materials already on the ground. No dragging on the ground will be allowed.

3.3 Pipes shall be stacked by placing the first layer on level timber. Pipes shall not rest
on sockets or joint faces. Pipes of the same diameter shall be stacked together. Pipe stacks
shall be suitably covered if directed.

3.4 Rubber rings, plastic materials and other similar materials shall be stored in covered
locations in their original packing.

4. Pipe laying

4.1 Pipe laying operations, including handling, laying, jointing, concreting, anchoring
and testing, shall be carried out in conformity with all relevant requirements in Section 5.13
- "Pipe Culverts and Storm Drains and Utility Ducts" and with the following requirements.

4.2 All pipes shall be examined for damage of any sort to the pipe barrels and linings,
before laying. Pipes shall be tested for soundness in accordance with the manufacture's
7-42
instructions. Damaged or otherwise unsatisfactory pipes shall not be incorporated in the
Works.

4.3 When pipes are being jointed, the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations
shall be followed regarding cleanliness of joint surfaces, lubricant or solvent used, correct
location of components, provision of correct gaps between end of spigot and back of socket
for flexible joints, etc. Flexible joints shall not be deflected beyond maximum permissible
angles given by the manufacturer and/or relevant standard, whichever is the smaller.
Special instructions issued by a manufacturer of proprietary joints, e.g. patent detachable
flexible joints, shall be complied with when laying and jointing.

4.4 Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, joints on spigot and socket pipes (other
Chan plastic pipes) shall be flexible and sealed with an approved rubber ring or flexible
gasket and shall withstand the various tests specified herein for pipelines. For pipes up to
and including 67.5 mm nominal bore, joints shall be capable of withstanding a deflection of
up to 1.5 degrees in any direction and for pipes over 67.5 mm nominal bore up to 0.5
degrees in any direction, All pipes shall be capable of withstanding a "draw" of 13 mm over
and above the initial jointing allowance which is the 6 mm to 13 mm gap between the
spigot and the shoulder of the socket measured parallel to the centerline of the pipes.

4.5 At every fitting causing a change in the direction of flow; the Contractor shall
construct a thrust block of Class 25 concrete to the dimensions shown on the Drawings.
Thrust blocks shall be provided for all fittings of 100 mm in diameter and over. If the
manufacturer recommends thrust blocks for smaller diameters, they shall be constructed in
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The additional excavation required
to obtain a firm thrust face against undisturbed soil shall be made after the pipeline has
been jointed. Concrete for the thrust block shall be placed the same day as the pipe laying is
carried out. Concrete shall cure for at least 3 days before any pressure is applied to the
thrust blocks.

4.6 Where flotation of pipes may occur due to floodwater or otherwise, water shall be
excluded from the interior of pipe and sufficient backfill shall to placed above the pipe to
prevent its flotation. Open trenches shall be kept clear of pounded water at all times. Any
pipe that has floated shall be removed and its bedding shall be corrected prior to relaying.

4.7 The outside surfaces of pipes to be built into structures shall be cleaned immediately
before installation. Protective coatings to metal pipes shall be removed as ordered. Plastic
pipes shall be painted with appropriate solvent cement and sprinkled with dry coarse sand
whilst wet. Two flexible joints or flexible patented joints shall be provided adjacent to
structures. The first joint shall be placed not more than one pipe diameter from the face of
structure and the second joint not more than 2 pipe diameters away from the first or 0.6 m
for pipes up to 350 mm diameter.

4.8 The interior of pipes shall be kept free from dirt and debris and when pipe laying is
7-43
not in progress, open ends of pipe shall be closed by approved means.

4.9 Sub main lines shall be laid in such a manner that there will be a minimum loss of
head upgrade otherwise the natural slope of the terrain should be followed in longest
possible straight line. Provision shall be made for expansion and contraction as
recommended by the manufacturer. Plastic pipe shall be cut with a hand saw or hack saw
with the assistance of a square in sawing vice, or in a manner so as to ensure a square cut.
Burrs at cut ends shall be removed prior to installation to ensure a smooth unobstructed
flow. All plastic-to-plastic joints shall be solvent-weld joints, using solvent recommended
by the pipe manufacturer. All plastic-to-metal joints shall be made with plastic male
adaptors. All plastic pipe and fittings shall be installed as recommended by the pipe
manufacturer and the Contractor shall make arrangements with the manufacturer for any
field assistance that may be .necessary. The Contractor shall be responsible for correct
installation.

4.10 Lateral polyethylene hoses shall be heated in hot water or hot air. Grease, soap,
detergents and transit shall not be used as lubricants. An open flame shall not be used to
heat the hose. Coils of polyethylene hose shall be carried over rough ground from point of
storage to point of use. Coils shall be unrolled in a manner to minimize stresses and prevent
kinking. This should be accomplished by carrying the coil and paying out one loop at a
time. In no case shall hose be subjected to reverse curvature. If kinks occur, they shall be
cut out and the hose spliced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

5. Installation of Valves

5.1 Prior to installation, valves shall be inspected for cleanliness of bore, seating
surfaces etc. and for handling damage, cracks, missing parts and tightness of bolting.
Valves shall be in closed positions before installation.

5.2 Valves shall be operated through one complete opening and closing cycle in the
position in which they are to be installed to ensure proper functioning.

5.3 Valves shall be set and jointed to the pipe in the manner specified for laying and
jointing pipe and in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Each valve shall
be provided with a concrete pad as shown on the Drawings so that the pipe does not support
the weight of the valve. Valve shall not be used to spring misaligned pipe into alignment
during installation.

5.4 All Stressed bolts (bonnet, seal plate and end connections) shall be inspected for
adequate tightness after installation and prior to field testing.

5.5 Valves shall be protected against action of external agents by a coat of approved
bituminous compound, applied cold by hand brushing after pressure tests on pipelines have
been completed. Buried bolts etc., shall be protected against corrosion, with approved paint
7-44
or polyethylene wrapping.

6. Installation of Penstocks

6.1 For each penstock, the wall thimble, operating mechanism, stem and stem guides
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Tolerances
between seating faces shall be maintained and any warping avoided.

6.2 Tapped holes in thimbles shall be protected during concreting and setting. Surfaces
of thimbles and gates shall be protected from concrete spillage, paint, oil and debris.
Thimbles shall be supported to prevent shifting during pouring and braced horizontally and
vertically to prevent distortion.

6.3 Nuts shall be tightened in sequence after setting and the entire assembly shall be
cleaned, adjusted and lubricated after installation.

6.4 Penstocks shall be operated through one complete cycle on installation to ensure
proper functioning.

6.5 Penstocks shall be protected against action of external agents with one coat of
approved bituminous compound applied cold by brush after installation. Buried bolts, etc.
shall be protected against corrosion, with approved paint or polyethylene wrapping.

7. Installation of other System Components

7.1 Irrigation components forming a control head shall be located in downstream order
as follows: backflow prevented, control valve, fertilizer applicator and gate valve, pressure
gauge, fertilizer applicator and gate valve, pressure gauge, filter, pressure gauge, electric
solenoid valve, water flow meter and pressure regulator.

7.2 Filter and fertilizer applicator equipment shall be mounted on a concrete pad
forming an integral installation. The filter shall be located downstream of the fertilizer
applicator to prevent contamination from the injection process. The concrete pad shall be
Class 25 with dimensions as recommended by the equipment manufacturer.

7.3 Installation of miscellaneous components of the system shall be in accordance with

the manufacturer's instructions.

8. Installation of Pumping Units

8.1 Pumps and motor shall be supported where applicable on an isolated reinforced
concrete foundation as shown on the Drawings and shall be properly aligned and leveled.
Piping shall be supported independently of pump connections. Drains for packing glands
and machine bases shall be piped to the nearest floor drain or sump. Before operation the
7-45
Contractor shall ensure that the pump is properly lubricated, the rotating element rotates
freely by hand, the casing is vented and full of water, the direction of rotation is correct, the
strainer is clean and suction and discharge valves are open.

9. Waterproofing of Structures

9.1 Waterproofing of water retaining structures shall not be commenced until tested for
water tightness and found satisfactory.

7.02.16 TESTING

1. Field Testing or Pipelines

1.1 The Contractor shall provide pumping equipment, pressure gauges, instruments and
water needed for hydrostatic field testing. Tests shall be carried out, in the presence of the
Engineer.

1.2 Pipelines shall be partially backfilled before testing. Fittings and joints shall be
permanently anchored before testing and left exposed for checking. Pipe work shall be
clean and swabbed.

1.3 Each test section shall be limited to 500 m or the length between valve positions,
whichever is shorter. Ends of test sections shall be securely plugged and strutted. Ends of
risers shall be plugged and all air purged.

1.4 No testing shall be carried out against a closed valve or against

or through the pressure reducing valves. The setting of the pressure reducing valves
shall not be changed for testing purposes. Pressures shall be applied by approved manually
operated or motor driven test pumps.

1.5 Exposed joints shall be examined for visible leaks and repaired where necessary.
Should a test section fail, leaks shall be located, and defective pipes or joints made good or
replaced and the pipeline retested.

1.6 Test records shall be kept an approved form, and the original copy shall be
submitted to the Engineer immediately after completion of each test.

2. Hydrostatic Test for Pipelines

2.1 The pipeline shall be filled slowly with water from the lowest point. After filling
with water; absorbent, pipes shall be allowed to stand for at least 24 hours before testing to
allow for complete absorption.

7-46
2.2 Entrapped all shall be bled and pressurizing shall then proceed until the specified
test pressure is reached in the lowest part of the pipeline section under test. Further
quantities of entrapped air shall be bled while the pressure is being raised.

2.3 Unless otherwise specified, the test pressure shall be equal to 1.5 times the
maximum working pressure of the pipeline as shown on the Drawings or as determined by
the Engineer on Site, but shall in no case exceed 75% of the factory hydrostatic test
pressure.

2.4 The test pressure shall be maintained for one hour by pumping using a separate
test pump. Pumping shall then be stopped for 2 hours at the end of which time the line shall
be depressurized to the original test pressure and the volume of water pumped into the line
recorded.

2.5 The pipeline shall be deemed to have failed the test if visible leaks are detected
(regardless of leakage being within the allowable specified limit) or if the volume of water
pumped to restore original test pressure after the period when pumping was stopped
exceeds 0.8 1tr / day per km of pipe per mm of pipe diameter for each 3kg /sq.cm of
applied pressure for asbestos cement pipes, or 0.1 1tr/day per km of pipe per mm of pipe
diameter for each 3 kg /sq.cm of applied pressure for other pipe material.

3. Testing of Water Retaining Structures

3.1 Watergates of water retaining structures shall be tested prior to backfilling against
any exterior wall faces.

3.2 The structure shall be thoroughly cleaned out and filled with water from an
approved source. After allowing 7 days for absorption (or other period if specified) the
water level shall be recorded by a hook gauge with venire attachment or by other approved
means, and the water shall be allowed to stand for s farther period of 7 days. During the
final 24 hours of this period, the total drop in water level, after allowing for evaporation and
rainfall, shall not exceed 0.001 times the average water depth of the full tank or 10 mm
whichever is the smaller.

3.3 Notwithstanding satisfactory completion of the water absorption test, any leakage
visible on the outside faces of the structure shall be stopped. Any caulking or making good
of cracks in the wall section shall, where practicable, be carried out from the inside face and
to dose satisfaction of the Engineer.

3.4 Upon completion of the test, the Contractor shall empty the structure, dispose of the
contents and shall clean the structure and any equipment therein of all deposits left by the
water.

7.02.17 MAINTENANCE PROGRAM

7-47
1. The Contractor shall submit a detailed Maintenance Program for approval, at least 2
months prior to putting the irrigation system info service. This Program shall include an
Operation and Maintenance Organization Chart and all activities incidental thereto.

2. During the Maintenance Period, the Contractor shall maintain in proper operating
condition all irrigation equipment, pipes, valves, pumping stations, and appurtenances. A
record shall be kept of all maintenance and repair activities throughout the Maintenance
Period, including the date, location and type of work performed all repairs and replacement,
activities and equipment relevant to the Maintenance works. This record shall be complete
and acceptable to the Engineer.

7.02.18 MEASUREMENT

1. Pumping Stations shall be measured as a lump sum item for each type of pumping
Station furnished, constructed equipped with all mechanical equipment, pump/motor units,
valves and pipe work within the Pumping Station, filter, fertilizer equipment, tanks,
fittings and facilities, completed, put into service, and accepted.

2. All Electrical Works shall be measured separately as prescribed in Section 6.18 –

"Electrical Works for Irrigation System"(except for the pump motors which shall be
deemed to form part of the pump installations within the Pumping Stations).

3. Valves outside pumping stations and outside water tanks shall be measured by the
number of each type and type of installation (i.e. direct burial or inside chambers) installed
complete with chamber where required, completed and accepted.

4. Irrigation Pipes (outside pumping stations and outside water tanks) shall be
measured by the lin.m of each type, size and class of pipe installed, complete with fittings
and in all other respects, and accepted. Pipe measurements shall be made along the
centerline of the pipe from end of pipe to outside face of walls, or from inside face of wall
to outside face of wall as appropriate, and shall be continuous across valves and accessories
without deduction for such items.

5. Irrigators (excluding drip emitter distribution tubing) shall be measured by the

number of each type and size installed, completed and accepted.

6. Drip emitter distribution tubing shall be measured by the lin.m of each size installed,
completed and accepted. The cost of additional on-line emitters shall be included in the
price of linear meter of tubing.

7. Spares for the irrigation system shall be a Prime Cost Item and shall be measured by
the numbers of each type and class of spare part authorized by the Engineer; purchased by
the Contractor, handed over, and accepted.
7-48
8. Excavation and preparation of trenches, provision and installation of concrete
bedding, cradles or surrounds, pipe bedding, thrust blocks, trench backfilling and
compaction, pavement reinstatement, and testing, shall not be measured for direct payment,
but shall be considered as subsidiary Works the costs of which will be deemed or be
included in the Contract prices for the Pay Items for Irrigation Pipes.

9. Air vent valves, concrete access boxes, concrete Works, and all other incidentals
shall not be measured for direct payment, but shall be considered as subsidiary Works the
costs of which will be deemed to be included in the Contract, prices for the Pay Items.

PAY ITEM UNIT OF MEASUREMENT

(1) Pumping Station

(Each type) Lump Sum (L.S.)

(2) Filters Number

(3) Fertilizer injection equipment Number

(4) Valves (outside pumping stations

and outside tanks)
(Each type, size and Number
type of installation)

(5) Irrigation Program Controller Number

(6) Irrigation Pipes

(Each type, size and class) Linear meter (lin.m)

(7) Irrigators
(Each type and size) Number

(8) Drip Emitter Distribution

Tubing (each size) Linear meter (lin.m)

(9) Spares for Irrigation

System Prime Cost (P.C)

7-49