Chapter 3.

1
1. River through a wilderness park: Provides us fish and natural resources, ecotourism, for
making the many types of cycles happen (ex. Water cycle), providing oxygen
Water in a reservoir behind a dam: Clean water, water cycle, ecosystem
Wind: Wind power to make electricity, breeze for people to enjoy if the temperature is
hot
Wild blueberries: Food, sweetener for other food 
Trees planted in a yard: Providing oxygen for people, one small step to stopping climate
change, supporting water cycle by doing the transpiration step
   
3. If you're stressed because of various things. Going to a natural ecosystem can really
help your stress issues because of the peaceful environment. Something else is that the water
there is usually clean there which means that you can drink. Last reason how our health is
influenced by ecosystem services is because some of the products that help our health or
wellbeing are from the environment.

4. Biology, ecology, ecotourism, wildlife conservation, health and medicine, economics,

food manufacturing

5. The reason people are switching to renewable resources is because some of the non-
renewable resources, when used, can harm the environment or speed up the process of climate
change such as oil, coal, and fossil fuels. Renewable resources are just a lot healthier for the
environment 

6. The problem with this statement is that natural ecosystems can’t be artificially made at
all. Ecosystems are made naturally and can take up to numerous years to even perfect an
ecosystem. Therefore, human services that are from ecosystems are popular. Trying to make
an ecosystem is an impossible task. If someone did try to make it, it would instantly get ruined in
a matter of months.

Chapter 3.2
3. Secondary succession happens more often because most secondary succession
happens from humans such as fires, oil spills, and floods. The other thing is that primary
successions are just quite rare. They happen when an extinction event occurs such as when
dinosaurs got extinct because of vast volcanic eruptions or when there’s no animals on a plot of
land which is highly unlikely. That's why I think that secondary succession happens more often.

6. When succession happens, the environment becomes green and healthy again from
rain and other various reasons and once that happens, the abiotic factors that were once in the
ecosystem comes back because without abiotic factors, there would be no ecosystem. After
that, then the animals come back to the ecosystem and then an equilibrium will be formed
again.

8.The two differences are that when a volcanic eruption happens, it would destroy the
life around the ecosystem but would not destroy the soil in the ecosystem which would mean
that the ecosystem can still survive. When an ecosystem has a chemical spill, it would destroy
everything including the soil, making it not usable at all. This would cause the ecosystem to
completely collapse and never to work. It would take a lot of time for all the chemicals to
completely go away from the soil which would cause the ecosystem to be a primary succession
and the other one to be a secondary succession.

9. The thing about small ecosystems is that they’re in a constant state of change than
biomes. Large ecosystems can maintain the temperature, weather and animals there, but small
ecosystems can not as small differences in temperatures can drastically change the ecosystem
of a rotting log. The other thing is that since the log is rotting, at some point, it will disappear. 

Chapter 3.3
1. Species richness is the term used for the diversity of animals or plants. It is meant for
many different species of animals or other types of things in a certain area.  An example
of this is the Peruvian rainforest as it has 283 different species of trees in a hectare, but
Ontario has only 15 different species of trees in a same size deciduous forest.

4. a) Pollution, deforestation, hunting animals too much (overhunting), using the land for
cities, buildings, climate change which is causing wildfires

b) No, extinction or land loss should happen naturally and slowly but we humans are
speeding up the process for commercial or product rights, instead of doing this, we should be
taking care of the environment because sooner or later, Earth will be inhabitable and we won’t
be able to survive.

5. The reason for the acceleration of extinction is because of us humans. We are

overhunting certain species for food, clothing and other products which are harming certain
populations of species to the point of extinction. Before, certain species did not get targeted to
the point of extinction because each species had a relationship with other more ferocious
species. The predators did not hunt a specific prey every time, they hunted whatever is possible
to find, doing the opposite of that. The other thing we're doing is making human-caused
disasters. We are making disasters that are harming ecosystems and the species are trying to
migrate to other lands where they can't adapt to. Some examples of disasters are wildfires,
climate change, oil spills and more. Therefore, this is the reason extinction rates have sped up
in the present day. 

6. The four classifications are Special concern (ex. Snapping turtle), threatened (ex.
American white pelican), endangered (ex. Smallmouth salamander), and extirpated (ex. Spring
salamander)
7. When there’s a species that is in the endangered or threatened category, RENEW (Recovery
of Nationally Endangered Wildlife) prepares an action plan to ensure the recovery of the
species.