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-Ethics studies human acts or human conduct. Ethics is the practical science of the
morality of human actions. The study of ethics is human conduct; and the special aspect of
human conduct, which is the formal object of study- the morality of human acts.
-Ethics came from the Greek word ethos which means moral duty. Ethical theories,
principles and codes of conduct serve as guides of human conduct provided by ethical
systems. Ethics studies how people make judgment in regard to right or wrong.
Morality is derived from the Greek word moralis which refers to social consensus about
moral conduct for human beings and society.
-Bio-ethics is a specific domain of ethics that focuses on moral issues in the field of health
care.
-Johnston defines nursing ethics as the “examination of all ethical and bio-ethical issues
from the prospective of nursing theory and nursing ethics.”
CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION
-termed as privileged communication because it is given based on trust.
-patients and SO are expected to give the necessary information so that proper diagnosis
is made.
-information gathered from the patient should always be treated confidential. This duty
extends even after the patient’ death.
-confidential information may be revealed only when:
• The patient himself /herself permits such revelation as in the case of claim for
hospitalization, insurance benefits.
• The case is medico-legal such as attempted suicide, gunshot wounds which have to
be reported to police
• The patient is ill of communicable disease and public safety may be jeopardized
• Given to members of the health team if information is relevant to his care
PATIENTS’ RESPONSIBILITIES
• PROVIDING INFORMATION
• COMPLYING WITH INSTRUCTIONS
• INFORMING THE PHYSICIAN OF REFUSAL TO TREATMENT
• PAYING HOSITAL CHARGES
• FOLLOWING HOSPITAL RULES AND REGULATIONS
• SHOWING RESPECT AND CONSIDERATION
-nurses will not only carry out doctor’s orders but also help plan and implement patient care
as well.
-if medical orders were not carried out for some reason, such shall not only be brought to
the attention of the physician but also noted properly in the patient’s chart.
-in case the patient has a complaint against the physician, this shall be tactfully brought to
the latter’s attention.
-nurses shall remember that any medical act relegated to them is illegal because it is
specified in the Medical Law that any licensed nurse who does this, even if supervised, can
be held for illegal practice of medicine.
-situations, such as when nurses see their colleagues neglect their duties or are
incompetent shall be brought to the attention of the immediate supervisor or appropriate
authority within the agency setting before any life could be endangered.
-the use of uniform shall be specified in the policy of the hospital. It shall be worn only when
on duty. Dining in public, shopping, or going to the market while in uniform is discouraged.
Nurses’ caps are only worn on duty. Jewelry such as earrings, necklaces or bracelets is not
worn while on duty. However, wedding rings, school pins/rings may be worn.
-the patient designates a health care representative, usually a member of the family or
family physician to make decisions for him/her when he/she is unable, due to physical or
mental incapacity, to make his/her own health care decision.
-this living will is signed by the patient. It is witnessed by two other persons who declare
that the patient signed the will, that the latter appears to be of sound mind. The witnesses
must be 18 years of age or older.