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THE CONCEPT OF
SCIENCE EDUCATION

LESSON 4: Science Education

-focuses on teaching, learning, and understanding science.
Teaching Science
SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE -involves developing ways to how effectively teach science.

PHILIPPINES -exploring pedagogical theories and models in helping teachers teach scientific
concepts and processes effectively.
Learning Science
-helping students understand and love science.
Understanding Science
-implies developing and applying science-process skills and using science literacy in
understanding in the natural world and activities in everyday life.
-prepares citizens in a scientifically and technologically driven world.

Knight (1986) Science education

John Dewey (2001) stressed the provides skills and knowledge that
importance of utilizing the natural
are necessary for a person to live in.
environment to teach students.
Tilghman (2005) Science education
Marx (1994) opines that science is
develops a citizenry that will meet
going to be one of the most
the goals of science in the society.
important school subjects in the
future.

1

Early Efforts to
Improve Science
Education
1950s, scientist were concerned
with the state of science education
in the schools. Leading scientist
made Philippine authorities aware
that the teaching of science from
grade school level to college levels
in both public and private schools
was very inadequate.
National committee for Science Education
The committee identified the following areas to which improvement efforts were
needed.
a. Integration of science with classroom instruction
b. Acquisition of more science equipment and tools
c. Coordination of efforts with other agencies
d. Negotiation for a science institute for teachers
e. National science talent search and fellowship
f. Higher salaries of science and mathematics
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• Philippine Association for the Advance of Science – annual
conference which it focuses on the training of science
teachers and teaching of science. It also called the importance
of the growth of science consciousness in the general
population and the need to remedy the shortage of scientist in
the country.
• 1957 – The Philippine government made the teaching of
science compulsory in all elementary and secondary schools.
• Clark Hubler – a science educator of Wheelock College in Boston,
Massachusetts and Fulbright fellow in the Philippines in 1963-1964, noted
some salient characteristics of science education in the country – language
problem
- 3 language had to be learned by the students Filipino, English, Spanish
- 4 language for Tagalog provinces local dialect, Filipino, English, Spanish
- 5 languages for those not spoken local dialect in their home.
- He cited that the ratio of books is 1:4 in Manila public schools and 1:10 in the
rest of the country.
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• THE BSCS ADAPTATION PROJECT - The secretary of Education had
earlier set up a National Committee in Science Education to formulate objectives
for teaching of science at the three instructional level and recommended action
that would upgrade the teaching of science.
a. Subject matter competence of teachers
b. The curriculum materials
c. Laboratory equipment and science facilities in schools.
• According to the survey on the status of science teaching in the Philippines and in
U.S. conducted by the committee created by the NSDB. The committee found that
all levels of science instruction, elementary, secondary and tertiary had in
common the following weaknesses and a lack of:
1. Adequate equipment and facilities in the laboratories
2. Up-to-date and adequate textbooks, publications and reference materials
3. Qualified and imaginative teachers
4. Provision for systematic upgrading of teachers
• 1960s – a group of biological educators at the University of Philippines organized
themselves into a team to adapt the Biological Science Curriculum Study (BSCS)

• Green Version – introduce to students to the living world and sought to provide
him with biological information as may be necessary and useful as he lives his life.

• Dr. Carlos P. Romulo – submitted to he Ford Foundation

a request grant for operational and staffing cost of the
• 1962 – Adaptation on green version laboratory manual.
Science Teaching Center, for one foreign advisor for a 2-
- BSCS donated 1,600 copies of the BSCS green version textbook, year science consultant, for fellowship, for advance
experimental edition. training of teachers and supervisors, for books and

- Green version laboratory manual were tried out in ten (10) public high ESTABLISHING facilities.

schools for a full school year. THE SCIENCE

• The BSCS adaptation project was an exercise in curriculum development EDUCATION • Harry Case – head of the Ford Foundation; recommended

involved: CENTER the Philippines educational leaders for the remarkable

degree of cooperation in the establishment of the Science
- Writer-specialist Teaching Center at the University of the Philippines

- Classroom teachers

- Administrators • September 25, 1964 – U.P. grant by the Ford Foundation

providing $310,000 over a two-year period of the Science
- Illustrators and biology educators Teaching Center.

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• R.A 5506 - an Act establishing Science Education Center (SEC) as a permanent unit of the University • Philippine Association of Science Teachers (PAST) – held a
of the Philippines. This act earn marked 250,000 pesos annual from the national especial science fund
for the support of the center.
conference in 1960, it was a review of the status of science teaching in
the Philippines suggestions and recommendations for improving
• SUMMER INSTITUTE – The following are the activities were included in the summer institute to
achieve the mention competences: various aspects of science education were made.
a. discussion of the objectives of the materials
• Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) – it was part of the national
b. discussion and practice in writing instructional objectives
project of SEP.
c. study, discussion and demonstration lessons of the process of science
- MAT scholarship were granted to institutions rather to individuals.
d. Study and discussion of the basic concepts include in the materials. This section include updating and
increasing the teacher’s background knowledge in
- Its objectives was to develop within each institution a corps of science
e. Performing selected laboratory exercises from the new materials
educators committed to the improvement of science teacher training
f. Constructing simple teaching aids needed in teaching the materials
programs at the undergraduate, graduate and in-service.
g. Teaching sample classes followed by critique and discussion of the lesson taught

h. Pre and post testing of the teachers participants. The test include ‘proces’ and ‘content’ items.

SCIENCE SCHOOLS IN 1. Philippine Science High School System

THE PHILIPPINES (PSHSS)
-a government program for gifted students
1. Philippine Science High School in the Philippines.
System (PSHSS)
-a service institute of the Department of
2. Special Science Elementary Schools
(SSES) Project Science and Technology (DOST) whose
3. Quezon City Regional Science High mandate is to offer free scholarship basis for
School secondary course with special emphasis on
4. Manila Science High School subject pertaining to the sciences, with the
5. Central Visayan Institute end-view of preparing its students for a
Foundation science career (Republic Act No.3661)

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llocos Region Campus in San IIdefonso,

lIocos Sur (2003); Central Visayas Campus
At present there are thirteen (13) existing PSHS
in Argao, Cebu (2006); Central Luzon
Campuses, namely: the PSHS Main Campus in
Campus in Clark, Pampanga (2009);
Diliman, Quezon City (1964); Southern Mindanao
Cordillera Administrative Region Campus in
Campus in Davao City (1988); Western Visayas
Baguio City (2009); SOCCSKSARGEN
Campus in Jaro, Iloilo City (1993); Eastern Visayas
Region Campus in Brgy. Paraiso, Koronadal
Campus in Palo, Leyte (1996); Cagayan Valley
City (2013); and Caraga Region Campus in
Campus in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya (1998);
Ampayon, Butuan City (2014). In the coming
Bicol Region Campus in Goa, Camarines Sur
years, three (3) more campuses are
(1998); Central Mindanao Campus in Balo-i, Lanao
expected to be created to complete the
del Norte (1998);
envisioned one (1) PSHS Campus per
region.

- is in pursuance to DepEd Order No. 73

s. 2008, and DepEd Order No. 51 s.
The SSES Project envisions developing Filipino
2. Special 2010
Science - This project started in June 2007 with children who are equipped with scientific and
Elementary 57 identified elementary schools that
technological knowledge, skills and attitudes; creative and
Schools participated or were identified as
(SSES) science elementary schools in the have positive values; and lifelong learning skills to become
country. The number have grown to
Project productive partners in the development of the community
more than 60 schools nationwide and
this is now its sixth year of and society.
implementation.

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3. Quezon City Regional Science High

4. Manila Science High School
School -it was established on October 1, 1963. It is the
first science school in the Philippines.
-it was established on September 17, 1967. Originally it was named Quezon City
Science High School. It was turned into a Regional Science High School for the -the organization and curriculum puts more
National Capital Region (NCR) in 1999.
-a product of a dream to establish a special science school for talented students in
emphasis on science and mathematics.
science and mathematics.
-aims to produce scientists with souls so
-the curriculum’s focus is science and technology.
-its envisions to serve as venue in providing maximum opportunities for science-
humanities and other electives are included.
gifted students to develop spirit of inquiry and creativity. -it administers an entrance exam Manila Science
-it is well-supported by the LGU and PTA.
High School Admission Test (MSAT) for students
who wish to enroll.

5. Central Visayan Institute Foundation

The MSAT has five parts: -it is the home and pioneer of the prominent
school-based innovation known as the Dynamic
1. Aptitude in science
2. Aptitude test in mathematics Learning Program (DLP).
3. Problem-solving test in science -the school takes pride in its Research Center for
4. Problem-solving test in mathematics Theoretical Physics (RCTP) established in 1992,
5. Proficiency in english which organizes small international workshops to
foster the informational but intense exchange of
The school prides itself from
producing outstanding alumni and for ideas and perspectives on outstanding problems in
winning various national competitions. physics and mathematics.