Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Problem Description
Flow Field Analysis The figure (1) represents a 2D airfoil section of a conventional
aircraft wing. This exercise will enable the student to understand the flow field analysis
capabilities of ANSYS. Compute and plot the velocity distribution over the airfoil shown
below. The chord of the airfoil has dimensions and orientation as shown in the figure.
The flow velocity of air is 2m/s. OBJECTIVE: (i) Plot the velocity contours around the
airfoil; (ii) Plot the pressure contours around the airfoil.
2. Creating geometry
• Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... > click 'Add' select the 2D
FLOTRAN according to figure (4).
• Next, we should set up the fluid properties. Preprocessors > Flotran Set Up >
Fluid Properties. Then on the Density and Viscosity boxes select AIR-SI and
in the next window just click OK.
4. Element Material Properties
• Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > CFD > Density >
DENS=1.23.
• Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > CFD > Viscosity >
VISC=1.79e-5.
Question 1)
Given the fact that you have just had to enter a non-zero value for the viscosity, you
should now realize that the FLOTRAN element is substantially different from the
finite volume element derived in class – why? Can you find out what set of
governing equations the FLOTRAN element is derived from? What additional
physical effects are contained within the governing DE’s of the FLOTRAN element
that are not contained in the Laplace equations which were the basis for our element
derivation?
Question 2)
When you have found the governing equations of the FLOTRAN element, you
should consider what the state vector for a FLOTRAN element is composed of. In
other words, what are the quantities that need to be calculated at the nodes in order
to recover the state of the flow within the finite volume. The specification of
boundary conditions in the “Solution Phase” – step 1 may indicate what the state
variables are.
5. Mesh Size
In this case, we want to create a fine grid close to the airfoil and a coarser grid far
from the airfoil. In order to do that:
• Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > Pick Lines
select the splines, forming the airfoil and click OK, in the new window set the
SIZE=0.01 then click OK.
• Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > Pick Lines
select the exterior lines, enclosing the fluid domain, i.e. the rectangle edges,
click OK in the new window set SIZE=0.5.
6. Mesh
• Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All
The mesh looks like the figure (5).
1. Apply BC’s
• Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Fluid/CFD > Velocity > On Lines select
the left edge of rectangle and click OK. Enter 2 in the VX filed, which is
corresponding to 2 m/s and set VY and VZ to 0 (Figure 6).
• Repeat the same procedure for the airfoil surfaces and in this case set VX, VY
and VZ to 0.
• Also we need to define the boundary conditions on the remaining three edges
of rectangle, i.e. top, right and bottom sides. For this BC’s we will assume that
pressure will not be changed along these edges since they are far from the
airfoil. To do so, Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Fluid/CFD > Pressure
DOF > On Lines select the three edges and click OK. In the new window
select constant value for the frame of Apply PRES on Line As (Figure 7).
Figure (5): Fluid domain mesh.
Figure (7):
Figure (8):