Miniature particles are little when one analyzes them to macromolecules.

Glucose, C6H12O6, is
a miniature atom, while glycogen, nC6H12O6, is a macromolecule as it is enormous. A few
proteins are a huge number of amino acids long-consequently they are additionally
macromolecules.
Macromolecules: A particle containing a huge quantity of iotas, for example, protein, nucleic
corrosive, or manufactured polymer. These are typically made by polymerization of littler
subunits like amino corrosive for protein, glucose for glycogen, and so on.
Micro Molecules: An atom that is moderately littler (than a macromolecule) or have low
molecular weight. E.g.: monomers of full-scale atoms like Amino acids are monomers of protein,
glucose is a monomer of glycogen

Minerals, like vitamins, support your normal growth and development. Your body needs them to
perform vital functions. Two kinds of minerals exist: macrominerals and trace minerals.
Macrominerals, which are needed in fairly large amounts in your body, include calcium,
phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfur, and chloride. Your body also requires trace
minerals but in small quantities. Trace minerals include iron, zinc, manganese, copper, iodine,
fluoride, cobalt, and selenium
Calcium, the most plentiful mineral in your body, helps construct solid bones and teeth. It
assumes an indispensable function in muscle withdrawal and nerve motivation transmission, just
as in the tightening and unwinding of veins. Great calcium sources incorporate dairy items,
verdant green vegetables, and calcium-invigorated nourishments.
Your body needs phosphorus for the development, upkeep, and fix of your cells and tissues, just
as for the age of DNA and RNA - your hereditary structure blocks. You can discover phosphorus
in nuts, poultry, meat, eggs, fish, and vegetables.
Magnesium adds to vitality creation, animates proteins, and helps balance calcium levels. Great
wellsprings of magnesium incorporate entire grains, dark pecans, almonds, cashews, and green
verdant vegetables.
Other than assuming a key part in muscle and nerve work, sodium keeps up pulse and blood
volume. Table salt, or sodium chloride, is the most widely recognized kind of sodium. Sodium
likewise happens normally in nourishments, for example, celery, milk, and beets.

Potassium is an electrolyte, implying that it assists with leading power in your body. The mineral
additionally underpins solid heart, stomach related and strong capacities. All meats, salmon,
fumble, cod, and vegetables contain significant measures of potassium, as do dairy items and
numerous foods grown from the ground.
Chloride helps keep the correct parity of body liquids. A few instances of good chloride-
containing nourishments are ocean growth, lettuce, olives, rye, and tomatoes.
Iron structures a basic piece of hemoglobin, which is found in red platelets that give oxygen to
your body tissues. Nourishments wealthy in iron incorporate eggs, beans, verdant green
vegetables, and dried organic products.

Zinc underpins sound resistant capacity and adds to cell development. Nuts, vegetables, meat,
and pork offer abundant measures of zinc.
Your body makes connective tissue, sex hormones, bones, and blood coagulating factors with the
assistance of manganese. The best food wellsprings of manganese incorporate pineapples, wheat
germ, entire grains, nuts, and seeds.
Copper helps keep your safe framework and nerve cells solid. It is found in fish, organ meats,
dark pepper, vegetables, natural products, and vegetables.

Iodine enables your body to make thyroid hormones, which assume a fundamental part in
ordinary development and improvement. Nourishments that contain iodine incorporate lima
beans, sesame seeds, spinach, Swiss chard, turnip green, and summer squash.
Fluoride decreases the rate of tooth rot and keeps up bone structure. In spite of the fact that
fluoride is generally gotten from fluoridated water, it is additionally found in fish, gelatin, and
tea.
Selenium assumes a basic part in thyroid capacity and enables your safe framework to work
better. Brewer's yeast, margarine, garlic, sunflower seeds, Brazil nuts, and wheat germ give
noteworthy measures of selenium.

The digestive system includes a very long tube called the digestive tract and a couple additional
organs that lend a little help along the way:
1. Digestion begins in the mouth where the salivary glands make saliva (often before you
start eating — just smelling a pumpkin pie can make your mouth water).
Saliva is a fluid that contains mucin to lubricate foods, buffering agents that help to reduce
acidity, antibacterial agents to kill germs, and a digestive enzyme called salivary amylase that
begins the job of digesting complex carbohydrates. Who knew saliva contained so much stuff?
The mouth also contains teeth, which are used to chew food into smaller bits that make the
process of digestion easier later on, and a tongue, which helps move foods around in your mouth.
2. After you chew food in your mouth, it travels through your esophagus, a simple tube that
connects the pharynx (throat) with the stomach.
Between the esophagus and the stomach is a sphincter (a ring-like muscle that surrounds an
opening or passageway) called the lower esophageal sphincter that only opens when you
swallow foods or liquids or when you need to belch. The rest of the time it stays shut so the
delicate lining of the esophagus isn’t damaged by the strong acid found in the digestive juices of
the stomach.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus
often enough to cause damage to the lining.
The stomach is a muscular bag located in the upper part of the abdomen, toward the left side. It
squeezes and mixes food with digestive juices that are released from specialized cells in the wall
of the stomach. Digestive juices include hydrochloric acid, which kills microorganisms and
activates an enzyme called pepsin that helps break down proteins, and intrinsic factor, which is a
substance that helps the small intestine absorb vitamin B12. Its lining contains cells that produce
mucus to help protect the walls of the stomach from damage due to the acid.
 3. Your stomach slowly empties its contents into the small intestine, which is the longest
portion of the digestive tract.
It is divided into three sections: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.
Digestion finishes in the small intestine, and absorption of nutrients begins with a little assistance
from a few other organs.
o Pancreas: This organ is located behind the stomach. It produces digestive
enzymes and releases them into the duodenum. These enzymes include lipase,
which breaks down fats, pancreatic amylase, which breaks down carbohydrates,
proteases, which break down proteins.
o Gallbladder: This sac-like organ is located near the liver and stores bile, a
substance that helps emulsify fats so the lipases have an easier time digesting
them.
o Liver: The liver is located on the right side of the abdomen. It makes the bile that
helps emulsify fats, and it processes the nutrients that are absorbed in the small
intestine.
4. After the nutrients are digested, they’re absorbed into the cells of the small intestine.
From there, they’re absorbed into the blood and carried away to be processed and
metabolized or stored.
The material that’s left after digestion and absorption in the small intestine travels into the large
intestine, or colon. It travels up the right side of the abdomen, across the top, and down again on
the left. From there it moves toward the midline of the body and terminates at the rectum with
the anus that opens to the outside.
The main function of the colon is to absorb water, leaving more solid material that’s passed
through the rectum as stool.
The appendix is a tube-like pouch of lymphoid tissue that hangs from the large intestine in the
right lower quadrant of the abdomen.

Drinking water while you eat can help break down food. Water during a meal is not essential to
food digestion, however. It does help flush waste from the intestines and may help relieve
constipation. A better approach to improving digestion would be to cut back on fatty foods and
increase the number of fruits and vegetables you eat.