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THERMAL PHYSICS

For your practice, answer the following problems.


1. HEAT. An ice cube is placed in a cup of hot coffee. After a period of time, the ice cube melts.
Which of the following best explains why the coffee becomes cooler? Select the two best
answers.
(A) The ice absorbs energy from the coffee as heat travels from the warmer to cooler
material. (B) The cool molecules in the ice radiate energy which is absorbed by the
warmer molecules of the coffee.
(C) As the ice melts in the water, the cooler water molecules diffuse through the warmer
coffee, lowering the average kinetic energy of the drink.
(D) The hot molecules in the coffee slow down as they are absorbed by the ice cube,
causing the ice cube to melt.
(answer: A and C)

2. HEAT. 1.4kJ of energy is applied to an aluminum rod of unknown mass. Its temperature
goes from 20∘C to 45∘C. What is the mass of the rod? caluminum=0.900J/g∘C (answer:
62.22g)

3. THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM. You have 50g of water in a container above a burner. If 14kJ of
energy is put into the container (assume all of it goes into the water), and the specific
heat of water is 4.17J/goC, how much did the water's temperature rise? (answer: 670)

4. THERMAL EXPANSION. Suppose that a copper bar 2m long is raised from a temperature


of 25oC to 100oC. If the coefficient of thermal expansion for copper is 1.7x10−5, what is
the final length of the bar? (answer: 2.0025m)

5. THERMAL EXPANSION. Consider a 2 m long brass rod and a 1 m long aluminum rod.
When the temperature is 22 °C, there is a gap of 1.0 x 10 -3 m separating their ends. No
expansion is possible at the other end of either rod. At what temperature will the two
bars touch? The coefficient of thermal expansion for brass and aluminum
are 1.9x10−5/oC and 2.5x10−5/oC ,respectively. (answer: 38.4 °C)

6. HEAT AND PHASE CHANGE. A bag containing 0°C ice is much more effective in absorbing
energy than one containing the same amount of 0°C water. (a) How much heat transfer
is necessary to raise the temperature of 0.800 kg of water from 0°C to 30.0°C? (b) How
much heat transfer is required to first melt 0.800 kg of 0°C ice and then raise its
temperature? (c) Explain how your answer supports the contention that the ice is more
effective. (cwater = 4186 J/kg oC, Lf=3.34x105 J/kg, OpenStax 14.12) (answer: 𝟏.𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 J,
𝟑.𝟔𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 J)

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