15P501- STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL

CONTROL CHARTS

PRESENTED BY
Dr. K.ANAND
Assistant Professor (Sr.Gr.)
Department of Production Engineering
PSG College of Technology
Coimbatore - 641 004

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Computation of trial control limits
 Control limits which compute initially from the data collected called trial control limits.

 The control limits used for controlling the future production process will be determined based on
the present status of the process.

 If the process shows under control on both and R chart with trial control limits, then the trial
control limits themselves will be used for controlling the future production.

 If the process is not under control with trial limits, the trial control limits revised.

Suppose we have

N samples each of size n

N – No of subgroups

No of samples

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n – Size of subgroup

Size of sample

x – Individual observation

Individual items

- ith sample mean (or) average =

- Range of sample i =

- ith sample standard deviation =

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- Standard deviation of individual measurement / S.D of the universe from which samples are taken
- Standard deviation of sampling distribution
Avg. of the standard deviation of samples of any given size

= Mean of all sample means =

= Mean of all sample range =

= Mean of all sample S.D =

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- Chart (Control chart for averages)

Case 1

Historical data is available

is known

Control limits =

Upper control limit =

Lower control limit =

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Case 2
- unknown & estimated by

Control limits =
=

Upper control limit =

Lower control limit =

Case 3

- unknown & estimated by

Control limits =
=

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Upper control limit =

Lower control limit =

R Chart (Control chart for ranges)

Case 1

known

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Control limits =
Upper control limit =

Lower control limit =

Case 2
unknown

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Control limits =

Upper control limit =

Lower control limit =

S Chart (Control chart for standard deviation)

Case 1

known

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Control limits =

Upper control limit =

Lower control limit =

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Case 2
unknown

Control limits =
Upper control limit =

Lower control limit = ( are given in statistical

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 It is observed that the avg. sizes are grouped more closely around the mean size of individual
items. (S.D. of subgroups is less than the S.D. of individual items)
 As n increases control limits tighten.
 The large sample size will cause the limits of a control chart to be closer to control line (control
limits will become narrower).
 This is because of standard deviation of varies inversely with .
 Hence larger the sample size, smaller the standard deviation.
 As the control limit tighten, the sensitivity increases. Variation due to chance causes may be
considered.
 Variation within a subgroup - Can be due to chance causes (no time factor)
 Variation between subgroups - May be due to assignable causes (time factor is present)

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Control chart procedure with - R chart :
 The procedure starts collecting data, the computation of control limits and establish control charts.
 Next step is to interpret the control chart for process control
If process is not under control,
Investigate for the assignable causes
Take corrective action to eliminate the assignable causes
Allow the process to continue
 For identifying the assignable causes, it is necessary to keep track of order / time of production
and source of production such as Which machine ?
What tool?
Who was the operator?
Material used

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 THANK YOU

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 QUERIES

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