STRUCTUREOFCOORDI

NATI
ON
(
CLAUSEASACOORDI
NATE)

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ndraKasi
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itri
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mel
iSi
anturi 1
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F
AKULTASKEGURUANDANI
LMUPENDI
DIKANUNI
VERSI
TASH
KBP
 NOMMENSENPEMATANGSI
ANTAR
201
9
PREF
ACE

Fi
rstofall,thankstoGodbecauseofthehel pofHi m,
writersf
ini
shedwriti
ng
thepaperentitl
ed“STRUCTUREOFCOORDINATION-CLAUSEASCOORDINATI
ON”
righti
nthe
cal
culatedtime.Thepurposeinwri ti
ngthispaperi stofulfi
lltheassi
gnmentthatgivenby
Ma’amReinaAdel
inaSi
pahutarl ecturerinSyntacticStructure.

I
narrangi
ngthispaper,
thewriterstrulygetlotschall
engesand
obstructi
onsbutwithhelpofmanyindi
viduals,
thoseobstructi
onscouldpass.
Wri
tersal
so
reali
zedtherearesti
llmanymistakesinprocessofwritingthi
spaper.

Becauseofthat,thewriterssaythankyoutoallindi
vidualswhohelpsinthe
processofwri tingthi
spaper.Thewritersreali
zedthatthispaperstilli
mperf ectin
arrangementandthecontent. TheWriterhopethecriticismfromthereaderscanhel pthe
writersi nperfecti
ngthenextpaper.Lastbutnotthel east,
thewriters’ hopethi
spaper
canhel psthereaderstogainmoreknowl edgeaboutStructureofCoordination-Cl
auseas
Coordination
 CHAPTERI

I
NTRODUCTI
ON

A.BackgroundoftheStudy

Languagei susedtocommuni catewi thotherpeopl e.Peopleneedtostudyh owtouse

languageespeci al
lyforeignlanguage.Languagecanbestudyi nli
nguisticapproach.Themain
purposeofstudyi nglanguagebasedonChomsky( 1970:103)“Whyweshoul dstudylanguage
because l anguage isa mi rrorofhuman’ smi nd”
.I t can be viewed that l anguage as
representati onfromwhatpeopl ethinkintheirbrain.Studyingli
ngui sti
c,peopl
ewi llknow
how toi nterprethuman’ smi ndbothwri ttenandspokenl anguage.Inotherwords, peopl
e
needtoknow how wordstoputtogethertomakephrasesthencl ausesuntilsentences
whichi scalledassyntax.

Syntaxi sthepartofl i
ngui
sti
cknowledgewhichconcernsinsentences’structure.
Peopleneedtostudysyntaxtoconveymessagesinphrasesorsentences.Harman(1950:11
)
statesthat“ Syntaxistherelati
onofwordstootherwordsi nphrases,clauses,and
sentences”.
Therel ati
onbetweenonewordtoothersi
sneededtobuil
dasentenceorevena
phrase.Becauseofstudyi ngsyntaxisneededtoconveyamessage,i tneedstoappl y
syntacticstructure.

Syntacticstructureai mstomakeappropri ateelementswhi chusedtobui ldupa

sentence.Accordi
ngtoF ranci
s(1958:292),therearethef ourbasictypesofsyntacti c
structures:structure of modi fi
cation,structure of predi cation,structure of
complementation,andstructureofcoordi nati
on.Instructureofmodi fication,
thereare
twocomponentsnamel yaheadandamodi f
ier(Franci
s,1
958:293).
Thef unctionofsyntacti
c
structureofmodif i
cationistodescribetheheadofthesentence. Tocheckthesyntacti c
structure,i
tcanbeusedsyntacticanal ysi
s.

Moreover,accordi
ngtoSrijono(2001:64)“Syntacticstructureconsistsofth reetypes,
namely:construction,sentence and the l ast is constituent”.The def i
nition 2 of
constructi
onisanysignifi
cantgroupofwordormorphemes( Gleasoni
nSrijono,2001:64).
A
constructi
oncanbeaphrase, aclauseorevenasentence. Aphrasei sagroupofwordsthat
hasnosubjectandpredi cateelement( Srij
ono, 2001:
64).AccordingtoHarman( 1950:12)“
A
phraseisagroupofrelatedwordswi thoutasubj ectorapredicate,acti
ngassi nglepartof
speech”.

Aphraseusual l
yconsi stsofheadandmodi fi
ers.Themodifi
ercanbeanyki ndsof
constructi
onofthewords. Therearemanyki ndsofphrases,
namely:NounPhrase(NP),Verb
Phrase(VP)
,Adverbi
alPhrase( ADVP)
,Preposi
tionalphrase(
PP)
,Adj
ectivePhrase(ADJP).

Adverbphrasecontainsheadwordandmodi fi
ersintheformofsinglewordstocl auses.
Theheadofanadverbphrasei sanadverb.Adverbcouldbemodifi
edbyanintensi
fier,
orbya
degreeadverb(GreenbaumandNelson,2002:279).
Adverbphrasehasafuncti
onasadverbi al
intheclause.
Someexampl esofadverbphraseare:
 (
1)Themeeti
ngi
spassedqui
teseri
ousl
y

(
2)Theydothetestveryqui
ckl
y

Inthef i
rstsentence,
theadverbphrasei s“qui
teseriously”
.Theheadofthephraseis
“
seriously”andthemodifi
eris“quite”
.Itcanbesai dthatadverbmodi f
iedbyani
ntensif
ier
“
quite”.Theword“ qui
te”ispre-modi fi
erthati splacedbeforetheheadofphrase.The
f
unctionofthephraseisadverbialwhichdescribestheverb“passed”
.

Theninthesecondexample,
theadverbphraseis“veryqui
ckl
y”.
Theheadofthephraseis
“qui
ckly”andthemodif
ieris“
very”
.Theword“ very”i
stheexampleofadverbofdegree.The
word“ very”i
spre-modifi
erthatisplacedbeforetheheadofphrase.Thefuncti
onofthe
phraseisadverbi
alwhi
chdescri
bestheverb“do”.

Aclauseisagroupofrel atedwordsthatcontai nsasubjectandpredicate( Sri

jono,
2001:65).Clausecanbedi videdi ntoindependentcl ausesanddependentcl auses.The
independentclausei saf ullpredi cati
onthatmaystandal oneasa3sentence;the
dependentclausehasaspeci alintroductorywordthatmakesthepredi cati
on” depend”on
anindependentclause(F
rank,1972:222).Forexample:

(
1)I
fyouf
indhi
snotebook,
cal
lhi
m.

(
2)Sheworkedashardasshecoul
d.

Inthef i
rstexampl e,I
fyouf indhisnotebook, cal
lhimisdi vi
dedintoindependentand
dependent(subordi
nate)clause.Theindependentclauseiscallhim.Thedependentclausei
s
I
fyouf i
ndhisnotebook.Thedependentcl ausei sasadverbialwhichisexplainedthemain
sentence.Sothecl auseIfyouf indhisnotebookmodi f
iesthecl ausecallhim whichhas
functi
onasadverbialinparti
cularadverbialclausesofcondi
tion.

I
nthesecondexampl e,Sheworkedashardasshecoul disdivi
dedintoindependentand
dependent( subordi
nate)cl ause.Theindependentcl auseissheworked.Thedependent
clausei sashardasshecoul d.
Thedependentclauseisanadverbialwhichisexpl ai
nedthe
mainsentence. Sotheclauseashardasshecoul dismodi f
iedtheclausesheworkedwhi ch
hasf unctionasadverbialinparticul
aradverbi
alclausesofdegree.

Thetermofadverbi alrel atedtoGreenbeumandNel son( 2002:282)“Adverbi alrefersto

adverbphrasesandal lotherexpressi onstypesthatf unctioni nthewaysthatadverb
phrasesdo,asmodi fiersofal mostal lpartsofspeech” .Adverbialsarecl osel
yconnected
withtheverbi nthesentence( Al
lshop, 228: 1
990).Theposi tionsofadverbi alinsentenceare
usuall
yininitial,midandf inalposi tion.I tdependsontheconstructi ons.Thef ormsof
adverbi
alsarecommonl yadverboradverbphrase, nounphrase, prepositionalphrase,and
adverbi
alclause( Al
lshop,1990: 229).Thef ormshavef unctionedasadverbi alwithdifferent
meaningsli
keti me,manner, place,directi on,frequency,reason, conditi
on,anddegree.

Foranal yzi
ngsyntacticstructuretherearethreeapproaches:thef i
rsti stradi
tional
approach,thesecondisstructuralapproachandthel astistransformationalgenerative
approach.Accordi
ngtoF rank(1972:
231),structuralapproachor4structuralgrammari sa
grammarthatemphasi sonphysicalarrangementofel ementswithinasentence.Shortly,a
sentencerepresentsasubj ectandmodi f
iersrelatedtostructuralapproach.Tof i
ndthe
constituentofthesentence,itcanuseaChi nesebox.

Basedontheexamplesabovethewri
terwantstoanal
yzetheadverbi
alconstructi
ons
i
nTheSelfi
shGi
ant’sshortstorybyOscarWi
ldebasedonthestructuralapproachwith
Chi
nesebox.Theresearchenti
tled“
ANALYSI
SOFADVERBI
ALCONSTRUCTI
ONSI
NTHESELF
ISHGI
ANT
BYOSCARWI
LDE”

CHAPTERI
I

STRUCTUREOFCOORDI
NATI
ON
(
CLAUSEASACOORDI
NATED)
1
. DEF
INI
TION

Structurei
sanarrangementandorgani
zati
onofinterrelatedel
ementsi
na
materi
al,
objectorsystem,
orthrobjectorsystemsoorganized.

Coordi
nationisacomplexsyntacticstructurethatli
nkstogethertwoor
moreelements:theseelementsarecalledconjuctsorconj
oins.

Clauseisapartofthesentenceusual
lyconsi
stofasi
ngl
efi
nitecl
ausewi
tha
f
ini
teverbthatisindependent.

Coordi
nateclauseisaclause(
i.
ewordgroupcontai
ningasubjectand
predi
cate)thati
sintroducedbyoneofth
ecoordinati
ngconjuncti
onsmost
commonlyandorbut.

2.KI
NDSOFCLAUSESCOORDI
NATED

 Compoundsentence

I
sasentencethathasatleasttwoi ndependentcl
ausesjoi
nedbyacomma,
semicol
onorconjucti
onanindependentclausei
saclausethathasasubj
ect
andverbandformsacompletethought.

Ex:Ruthcal
ledagrabandwel
eftthecampus.

Strofcoord

X1 X2

Strofpre Strofpre

subj pred subj pred

 strofcom strofC

N Ve C pro ve C

StrofM Strofm

Vt M H vt M H

D
et N det N

Ruth cal
led a grab and we l
eft the campus

Youstudyhardoryouwi
llf
ail

Strofcoord

X1 Conj X2

Strofpred strofpre

Subj pred Subj Pred

Strofm strofm

H M M H

Pro V Adv Pro A

ux V

You study hard or You wi

ll f
ail

Theyrushtothehospi
talbuttheyweretool
ate

Strofcoord

X1 conj X2
 StrofM strofpre

Subj Pred Subj Pred

StrofM Strofcom

H M

Vt pp pro Ve C

Pro p NP StrofM

Strofm Lv M H

M H

Det N Adv adj

They rushto The hospi

tal but theywere too l
ate

COORDI
NATEDCONJ
UCTI
ON

Ex:“
AND”

I
takemi
lkandsugari
nmytea

Strofcoord

X1 Conj X2

StrofP strofp
Subj pred S P

StrofM pp

M H p Np

pro

V N N StrofM

M H

aux N

I take mi
lk and sugar i
n my tea
 Ex:“
BUT”

I
havegotahome buti
havegotacar

s
strofcoord

X1 CONJ X2

StrofP strofp
S p S p
Pro strofm pro strofm
m h M H
Strofm strofm strofm strofm
M H MH M H M H
Aux v det N aux V det N
I have got a h
omebut i have got a car

Ex:“
SO”

Shestudi
edhard soshepassedthetest

strofcoor
X1 X2
strf
op strf
op
s p conj s p
pro strofm pro strofp
h m m h
 V Adj v strofm
m h
She studi
ed hard so she passed the test

Tompl
aysbasketbal
lwel
llyethi
sfavori
tesporti
sfootbal
l
S
Strofcoord
X1 conj X2
Strofp strofp
s p S p
n strofC pro strofm
VE C m h
VT Strofm strofm strofmo
H m m h m h
N adv adj n l
v n

Tompl aysbasketbal
lwel
llyet hi
sfavori
tesport i
s
football
I
havetof
indanewj
ob f
ori
amempl
oyed
S
Strofcoor
X1 X2
STROFP CONJ strofp
S p s p
Pro strofc pro strofc
VE C VE C
LV LV V
vi
nf NP
STROFM
M H
Det strofm
M h
I
havetof
ind a new j
ob f
ori amempl
oyed
 CHAPTERI
II

CONCLUSI
ON

Structurei
sanarrangementandorgani
zati
onofinterrel
atedel
ementsi
na
materi
al,
objectorsystem,
orthrobj
ectorsystemsoorgani
zed.

Coordi
nationisacomplexsyntacti
cstructurethatlinkstogeth
ertwoor
moreelements:theseel
ementsarecal
ledconj
uctsorconjoi
ns.

Clauseisapartofthesentenceusual
lyconsi
stofasi
ngl
efi
nitecl
ausewi
tha
f
ini
teverbthatisi
ndependent.

Coordi
nateclausei sacl ause( i
.
ewordgroupcontai ningasubj ect and
predi
cate)that isintroduced by one ofthe coordi
nati
ng conj
uncti
ons most
commonlyandorbut.

KI
NDSOFCLAUSESCOORDI
NATED

Compoundsentence

I
sasentencethathasatl easttwoi
ndependentcl
ausesj
oinedbyacomma,
semi
colonor
conj
uctionani ndependentclausei
saclausethathasasubj ectandverbandformsa
completethought.
EXERSI
CE/POSTTEST

1
.Iwasf
eel
inghungrysolmademysel
fasandwi
ch

2.Hewenttherebutthecoul
dnotseetheman

3.I
wil
lgoshoppi
ngorI
wil
lgocampi
ng.

4.Theparki
semptynow,
buti
twi
llbef
ill
edwi
thchi
ldrenaf
terschool
.

5.I
wanttogobedsoi
ambrushi
ngmyteeth.

6.Annaperf
ormswi
thaf
anandpeopl
eenj
oywatchi
ngher.

7.I
twasappl
e-bl
ossomti
meandthedaysweregetti
ngwarmer.

8.Erwi
nisgoodatmathanddarroni
sgoodatsci
ence.

9.Ruthwasconvi
ctedcri
minalyetmanypeopl
eadmi
redhi
m.

1
0.I
likef
ootbal
landl
ikehockey.

EXERCI
SE
I
wasf
eel
inghungrysolmademysel
fasandwi
ch

Strofcoord
 X1 conj X2

Strofpred strofpred

subj pred s p

pro strofc strofc

Ve c

StrofM pro ve c

M H c1
(io) c2(
Do)

Aux vi
ngadj vtrel
.pr strofm

M H
det N

I was f
eel
inghungry so I mademysel
fasandwh

Hewenttherebutthecoul
dnotseetheman

Strofcoord

X1 conj X2

Strofpred Strofpred

Subj pred s p

pro Strofm pro strofc

HM ve c

V adv strofm strofm

M H M H

Strofm vt detN

H M

Aux neg
 He went there but heshoul
d notseethe man

REF
ERE
NSI

http:
//www.
thoughtco.
com

https:
//en.
m.wi
kipedi
a.
org

www.
busi
nessdi
cti
nary.
com

https:
//study.
com