CHAPTER 6: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

6.1 Generation of Electricity

SECTION A

1. Here are types of renewable energy sources EXCEPT

A. Wind energy
B. Nuclear energy
C. Hydro energy
D. Tidal energy

2. What is the definition of non-renewable energy sources?

A. Energy that will be replenished and deplete after thousands or even millions of years.
B. Energy that cannot be replenished and deplete after thousands or even millions of years.
C. Energy that will be replenished and cannot deplete after thousands or even millions of years.
D. Energy that cannot be replenished and not deplete after thousands or even millions of years.

3. What is the energy changes involved in a hydroelectric generator?

A. Kinetic energy  electrical energy  potential energy
B. Potential energy  kinetic energy  electrical energy
C. Electric energy  potential energy  kinetic energy
D. Kinetic energy  potential energy  electrical energy

4. Electric current is divided to two types, which is direct current and alternating current. Which of
the following is the correct explanation regarding direct current and alternating current?

Direct current
I. An electric current that flows in one direction only.
II. The shape of the graph of direct current is a wavy line.

Alternating current

III. The shape of the graph of alternating current is a straight line.

IV. Alternating current is generated by generators that imply the principle of electromagnetic
induction.

A. II and III
B. I and IV
C. I and II
D. III and IV
 5. A Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (C.R.O) is used to study the shape of graph of electric current,
direction of current and changes of voltage of direct current and alternating current. Which of the
following fits the correct statement:

Adjusts the position of the light spot vertically.

A. Y-gain knob
B. X-shift knob
C. Y-shift knob
D. Intensity control knob

SECTION B

Answer the following questions.

1. What is the definition of

(a) Renewable energy source

(b) non-renewable energy source

2. Complete the following sentences using the words below.

(a) _____________ current is a current that only flows in one direction only.
(b) Alternating current is a current that _______________ direction constantly.
(c) Direct current is found in ______________ and ________________ cells.
(d) The sources which produce alternating current are power house generator and bicycle
__________________.

solar dynamo Direct battery changes

SECTION C

Answer the following questions.

 1. The diagram above shows an electric generator.
(a) What is the type of the generator shown?
_______________________________________________________________________

(b) (i) State the energy sources that occur in this generator.
_______________________________________________________________________ (ii)
Based on b(i), explain in your own words about how this generator works.

________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

2. The picture below shows two ways we can generate electricity.

(a) Based on the picture above, state the two types of energy sources involved to generate electricity.
i)
ii)

(b) Based on (a), what is the importance of generating electricity by using renewable energy sources?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

6.2 Transformers

SECTION A

Answer the following questions.

1) Which of the following increase the efficiency of a transformer?

P – Increase the number of turns on the secondary coil

Q – Using a laminated iron core

R – Using a thicker copper wire to make coil

A. P only
B. P and Q
C. Q and R
D. P, Q and R

2) Which of the following statements below is TRUE regarding the definition of a transformer?
A. A transformer consists of two insulated coiled wires and a soft laminated iron core.
B. A device to either increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current.
C. Its constantly changing magnetic field induces electrical current in the secondary coil.
D. There are two types of transformers, which are step-up transformers and step-down
transformers.

3) What is reduced by a step-down transformer?

A. Power
B. Current
C. Energy
D. Voltage

4) Which of the following represent the purpose of the iron core in a transformer?
A. To minimize energy lost as heat.
B. To link the magnetic field from the primary coil to the secondary coil.
C. To conduct the current from the primary coil to the secondary coil.
D. To provide a support for the primary coil and the secondary coil.

5) Based on the diagram below, calculate the number of primary coil in the transformer below.

A. 480
B. 240
C. 120
 D. 50

SECTION B

Answer the following questions.

1. Based on the diagram above:

a) state the blank given in i) and ii)
i)
ii)
b) state the type of transformer shown above.
_______________________________________________________________________
c) state the importance of using this transformer in our daily lives.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

2. Compare a step-up transformer and a step-down transformer in the table below.

Step-up transformer Step-down transformer

Function
Symbol
 Number of turns in the
primary coil
Number of turns in the
secondary coil
Output voltage
Input voltage

SECTION C

Answer the following questions.

1. The following information shows the transformer equation. State the meaning of each letter.

V p Np
Vs = Ns

a) Vp : ____________________________________________________________________
b) Vs : ____________________________________________________________________
c) Np : ____________________________________________________________________
d) Ns : ____________________________________________________________________

2. A bulb with 12 V, 48 W is connected to a transformer. The bulb lights up with normal brightness
when the supply voltage of 240 V a.c. is connected to the ends of P and Q.
a) What is the function of transformer?
_______________________________________________________________________

b) What is the type of transformer shown above?

_______________________________________________________________________

c) If the number of turns in the coil PQ is 200, what is the number of turns in the coil RS? (state
your calculations here)

6.3 Transmission and Distribution of Electricity

SECTION A

Answer the following questions.

1) Why are electrical appliances earthed?

A. It is to supply electricity to the Earth
B. It is to prevent electrical shock
C. To get electricity from the Earth
D. It is to cause an electric shock to anyone living nearby

2) Read the statement below.

Can be used to enable specific power stations to be closed for maintenance works without
disrupting the electrical supply.
What is the component has the above function?
A. Switch zone
B. Main substation
C. Branch substation
D. National grid network

3) The current through two electrical appliances X and Y when they are in use are given below.
X – 0.7 A
Y–8A
Which of the following sets of fuses would be the most suitable for electrical appliances X and
Y?
A. X – 1 A fuse
Y – 2 A fuse
B. X – 2 A fuse
Y – 12 A fuse
C. X – 3 A fuse
Y – 2 A fuse
D. X – 7 A fuse
Y – 18 A fuse

4) The diagram below shows a 3-pin plug.

What is the function of wire X in a 3-pin plug?

A. To send current from electrical appliances back to the power station
B. To send current to electrical appliances
C. To send leaked current from electrical appliances to earth
D. To break off and stop the flow of excessive current

SECTION B

Answer the following questions.

1. State the function of each component in the electrical transmission and distribution system.

Component Function
Power station

National grid network

Switch zone

Main substation

Branch substation

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer regarding the safety components in the wiring system at
home.
a) Switch
i) Switches are used for switching ______________ or ______________ an electrical
circuit.
ii) Switches must be inserted in the ________________ wire so that switching off the
appliance will disconnects it from _________________ voltage of the live lead.

b) Fuse
i) A fuse is inserted in a circuit to __________________ the equipment and wiring against
_______________ current flow.
ii) It consists of a ____________________ short wire that heats up easily and
________________ when the current is flowing through it ______________ the value of
the fuse.
iii) When the _________________ of the fuse melts, the electricity supply will be
______________.
iv) The two types of fuses are _________________ fuse and _________________ wire fuse.
SECTION C

Answer the following questions.

1. The diagram below shows the National Grid Network pylon.

a) What is the importance of the National Grid Network?

_______________________________________________________________________

b) State two types of metal which can be used as electrical transmission cables in the National Grid
Network.
_______________________________________________________________________

c) Voltage values should be increased as the electrical current flows through the cables of the
National Grid Network.

Based on the statement above, answer the following questions.

 i) What is the type of transformer used before the electric current flows through the cable of the
National Grid Network?
____________________________________________________________________

ii) Why the voltage should be increased?

____________________________________________________________________

2. The diagram below shows the transmission and distribution system of electricity.

a) What types of transformers are X and Y?

i) Transformer X: _____________________________________________________
ii) Transformer Y: _____________________________________________________

b) Explain why the national grid network is used in the transmission and distribution of electricity.
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

6.4 Transmission and Distribution of Electricity

SECTION A

Answer the following questions.

1. Photo below shows a fluorescent lamp.

How much electrical energy is needed for lighting a 40 W fluorescent lamp for 5 hours?

A. 200 kWh
B. 0.2 kWh
C. 0.02 kWh
D. 0.0087 kWh

2. Which of the following is not a feature of green building?

A. Install the solar panel
B. Use an efficient ventilation system
C. Use of non-renewable energy
D. Install lighting control using motion sensor

3. Table below shows the usage of two electrical appliances.

Appliance Power Time

Iron 2.0 kW 2 hours
Refrigerator 1.5 kW 4 hours

Calculate the total cost of electricity used if the electrical energy used is 21 cent per unit.

A. RM 0.84
B. RM 1.26
C. RM 2.10
D. RM 13.44
4. A microwave oven rated 1.2 kW, 240 V is connected to a 240 V electricity supply. What is the
current that flows through this appliance?
A. 0.5 A
B. 5 A
C. 15 A
D. 30 A
SECTION B

Answer the following questions.

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer regarding the energy efficiency.

Energy efficiency is the ________________ of energy __________________ converted to useful

form of energy _________________. It can be defined as follows:

Useful e nergy ()
Energy efficiency = x 100%
Energy( )supplied

2. List three features of a green building.

a)
b)
c)

SECTION C

Answer the following questions.

1. An electric rice cooker rated 800 W, 230 V is switched on for 30 minutes.

a) How much electrical energy is used by the rice cooker?

b) Calculate the cost of energy that is used by the rice cooker if the cost per kWh is 30 sen.

2. (a) What is the importance of star rating labeling of an electrical appliance?

_______________________________________________________________________

c) How many stars in the star rating label of an electrical appliance should be used? Explain
your answer.

_______________________________________________________________________