CAUSE and EFFECT

(first meeting)

Pengertian:
Kalimat cause and effect biasa juga disebut dengan kalimat sebab-akibat atau
kalimat kausalitas adalah kalimat yang dibangun dengan melibatkan tindakan
yang membuat sesuatu terjadi dan hasil dari tindakan tersebut. Paling gampang
ditandai dengan kata hubung yang menandakan sebab akibat (because,
because of, due, due to, for, since, when, dan as)

Contoh:

1. I was lost because I was new in this city 

Cause: I was new in this city 
Effect: I was lost
Conjunction: because

2. The journey was quite quick because of the clear road.

Cause: the clear road.
Effect: the journey was quite quick
Conjunction: because of

3. As it is raining again, I will have to stay at home. 

Cause: it is raining again.
Effect: I will have to stay at home.
Conjunction: as

4. Since she had not paid the rent, she was told to vacate the flat.
Cause: she had not paid the rent.
Effect: she was told to vacate the flat.
Conjunction: since

5. When the ocean is extremely polluted, coral reefs die.

Cause: the ocean is extremely polluted.
Effect: coral reefs die.
Conjunction: when

Hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah jika kata hubung terletak di awal kalimat,
kita perlu menggunakan tanda baca koma. Akan tetapi, jika kata hubungnya
berada di tengah, kita tidak perlu menggunakan koma.

 As it was getting late, we decided to book into a hotel.

 You can go first as you're the oldest.

Exercise: combine these sentences using cause – effect signal phrase

1. Jake was ill last night. He did not eat anything a whole day.
2. I love Switzerland ………… of the weather.
3. The increase of the cars on the road resulted ...... a more traffic jams.
4. Victor finished his job earlier due .... bad weather.
5. She will stay at home ...... she does not have anything to do outside.
6. Which one is not correct? "He did not attend the exam......, he failed."
a. As a reason
b. As a consequence
c. As a result
d. Consequently
7. We come to the school late. We missed the first bus.
8. They can win the competition ….......they always have a very hard exercise
every day.
9. I can not go to my teacher's house. She will have another appointment.
10. I can not eat the seafood. My allergy.

Virus corona menjadi masalah yang besar bagi dunia. Selain banyak orang meninggal virus corona juga
melemahkan baik dunia ekonomi industri, Pariwisata, maupun Dunia Pendidikan. Banyak negara yang
ekonominya merosot dan masyarakat menjadi takut keluar rumah karena virus corona.

Dilingkungan saya, tepatnya desa gununggede banyak anak sekolah yang terpaksa homeschooling
karena virus corona, selain itu banyak pekerja bangunan yang menganggur dikarenakan tidak ada jobs.
Hal ini menyebabkan penghasilan pekerja bangunan berkurang, namun didesa saya rata- rata
pekerjaannya bertani, berkebun dan berternak, jadi masyarakat memiliki alternative pekerjaan lain
untuk dilakukan di masa pandemi. Didaerah saya pasar sudah mulai kembali dibuka karena virus corona
didaerah saya tidak terlalu parah.

Corona menyebabkan banyak kerugian disektor ekonomi, industri dan pendidikan. dan memakan
banyak korban, banyak negara berlomba-lomba untuk mengembangkan vaksin guna mengatasi virus
corona

Note:
1. Do the exercise on your book!
2. Submit it when having class meeting at school
 CAUSE and Effect Text
(second meeting)

Generic Structure of Cause and Effect

The Cause and Effect Essay has three main parts: introduction, body and
conclusion. The body is usually two paragraphs and may contain causes and effects,
causes and solutions, or effects and solutions.
1. Introduction
 Background Information: Write some general information about the topic to set
the context of your essay. 
 Thesis Statement: A clear thesis statement is one of the most important parts of
an essay. It tells the reader the main idea of your essay and helps them to
understand the structure of what they will read. 
2. Body

1. Topic Sentence: A clear topic sentence is also very important. The topic sentence
sets out the main idea of your paragraph. This sentence tells the reader if the
paragraph is about causes, effects or solutions. It may tell them how many points
you will write about. 

Examples include: “There are several causes of air pollution,” or “There are three
main effects of smoking”.

2. Supporting Sentences: Each paragraph should have 2-3 supporting sentences. In

a Cause and Effect Essay, these sentences represent the different causes,
effects and solutions. Each of these should be supported with facts or
examples. Persuasive facts and examples make your point stronger, by helping
the reader understand why they should agree with you.

3. Conclusion

The conclusion is a summary of what you have already said. You should never
include new information in the conclusion. You may choose to end the essay with a
final thought or opinion.
  Re-state Thesis: The first sentence of your conclusion should re-state the
Thesis Statement, using the present perfect simple.

For example: “This essay has highlighted the main causes and effects of

addiction to technology”, or “This essay has examined the effects of and
solutions to E-waste”.

 Summary: Summarize (list) the main ideas from your body paragraphs. This can
be very simple, e.g. “The causes include X, Y and Z, and the effects include A, B
and C”. 
 (Final Thought - Optional): You might like to include your final thought or
opinion on the topic. Remember to avoid clichés, such as “There is no time to
lose”.

Cause and Effect Essay Example

Effects of Video Game Addiction

By Scott McLean

Video game addition is a serious problem in many parts of the world today and
deserves more attention. It is no secret that children and adults in many countries
throughout the world, including Japan, China, and the United States, play video games
every day. Most players are able to limit their usage in ways that do not interfere with
their daily lives, but many others have developed an addiction to playing video games
and suffer detrimental effects.

An addiction can be described in several ways, but generally speaking, addictions

involve unhealthy attractions to substances or activities that ultimately disrupt the ability
of a person to keep up with regular daily responsibilities. Video game addiction typically
involves playing games uncontrollably for many hours at a time—some people will play
only four hours at a time while others cannot stop for over twenty-four hours.
Regardless of the severity of the addiction, many of the same effects will be
experienced by all.

One common effect of video game addiction is isolation and withdrawal from social
experiences. Video game players often hide in their homes or in Internet cafés for days
at a time—only reemerging for the most pressing tasks and necessities. The effect of
this isolation can lead to a breakdown of communication skills and often a loss in
socialization. While it is true that many games, especially massive multiplayer online
games, involve a very real form of e-based communication and coordination with others,
and these virtual interactions often result in real communities that can be healthy for the
players, these communities and forms of communication rarely translate to the types of
valuable social interaction that humans need to maintain typical social functioning. As a
result, the social networking in these online games often gives the users the impression
that they are interacting socially, while their true social lives and personal relations may
suffer.

Another unfortunate product of the isolation that often accompanies video game
addiction is the disruption of the user’s career. While many players manage to enjoy
video games and still hold their jobs without problems, others experience challenges at
their workplace. Some may only experience warnings or demerits as a result of poorer
performance, or others may end up losing their jobs altogether. Playing video games for
extended periods of time often involves sleep deprivation, and this tends to carry over to
the workplace, reducing production and causing habitual tardiness.

Video game addiction may result in a decline in overall health and hygiene. Players who
interact with video games for such significant amounts of time can go an entire day
without eating and even longer without basic hygiene tasks, such as using the restroom
or bathing. The effects of this behavior pose significant danger to their overall health.

The causes of video game addiction are complex and can vary greatly, but the effects
have the potential to be severe. Playing video games can and should be a fun activity
for all to enjoy. But just like everything else, the amount of time one spends playing
video games needs to be balanced with personal and social responsibilities.

Key Takeaways

 The purpose of the cause-and-effect essay is to determine how various phenomena are
related.
 The thesis states what the writer sees as the main cause, main effect, or various causes
and effects of a condition or event.
 The cause-and-effect essay can be organized in one of these two primary ways:
 Start with the cause and then talk about the effect.
 Start with the effect and then talk about the cause.
Cause and Effect Essay
(third meeting)

Exercise:
1. Compose your own paragraph about cause – effect event around your place
2. Find out the cause – effect generic structure ( introduction/penyampaian
masalah, causes/more than one, conclusion/according your opinion)