“Gh.

Asachi” Tehnical University of Iaşi Faculty of Civil and Building Equipment Engineering
67, D. Mangeron Blvd., Iaşi, 700050, România 43, D. Mangeron Blvd, Iaşi, 700050, România
tel: +40+232-278680 tel: +40-232-278680/1479, fax: +40-232-233368
www.tuiasi.ro www.ce.tuiasi.ro
Department of Structural Mechanics
tel: +40-232-278680/1447, tel/fax: +40-232-239213
www.ce.tuiasi.ro/english/departments/mechanics.html

Earthquake Engineering

a lecture delivered to the 4th year students

by
Fideliu Păuleţ-Crăiniceanu, Associate Professor
tel: +40-232-278680/1488
Lecture 4 fideliu@ce.tuiasi.ro, www.ce.tuiasi.ro/~fideliu
 Seismic Structural Analysis
introduction

• Seismic Analysis of 1DoFS

• Seismic Analysis of 2DoFS ?
• Seismic Analysis of nDoFS
• Seismic Analysis of ∞DoFS ?
 Seismic Structural Analysis
seismic analysis of 1dofs

• Equation of motion
• Spectral response of 1dofs
• Time-history response of 1dofs
• Design spectra
• Design earthquakes
 Seismic Structural Analysis
seismic analysis of 1dofs

x(t)
mass

x(t)

Examples of 1DoF structures

Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. equation of motion

m FI FD FE 0

FI - the inertia force

FD - the damping force
FE - the elastic force
c, k
muabs (t ) cu (t ) ku(t ) 0
m - mass
c - damping
ug(t) u(t) k - stiffness
uabs(t) u(t ) - relative displacement
u(t ) - relative velocity
uabs(t)- absoluteacceleration
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. equation of motion

m[u(t ) ug (t )] cu (t ) ku(t ) 0

mu(t ) cu (t ) ku(t ) mug (t )

ug (t ) - ground accelerati on
 Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. equation of motion

Acc. (gal) Vrancea 1977 E/W N/S U/D records

200
max=162.3 at 5.62
0
min=-126.1 at 6.16
-200
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (s)
Acc. (gal)

200 max=177.6 at 6.88

0
min=-194.9 at 6.14
-200
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (s)
Acc. (gal)

100 max=66.41 at 5.3

0
-100 min=-105.8 at 5.02
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (s)

E/W, N/S, and U/D time-history records of accelerations for Vrancea 1977 earthquake
 Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. equation of motion
Kobe JMA E/W N/S U/D t1=28, dt=25
Acc. (gal) 500 max=617.3 at 5.48
0

-500 min=-476.9 at 5.1

0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (s)

500 max=579 at 7.94

Acc. (gal)

0
-500
min=-818 at 5.56
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (s)

200 max=332.2 at 4.76

Acc. (gal)

0
-200
min=-315.1 at 5.24
-400
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (s)

E/W, N/S, and U/D time-history records of accelerations for Kobe 1995 earthquake
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. equation of motion

u(t ) 2 u (t ) 2
u (t ) ug (t )

- damping ratio
- undampedcircular frequency

Solution:

u(t ) ugen (t ) u part(t )

u gen (t ) - generalsolution
u part(t ) - particularsolution
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. reminder from Structural Dynamics

General equation of motion

mu(t ) cu (t ) ku(t ) f (t )

1. Free undamped vibration equation

mu(t ) ku(t ) 0
proposed solver:

u(t ) Gest
k
s i i
m

i 1
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. reminder from Structural Dynamics

initial (boundary) conditions:

u(0) u0 , u(0) u0

solution/response (complex form):

u (t ) G1e i t
G2 e i t

G1 and G2 must be complex conjugate

1 u 0 i t 1 u0 i t
u (t ) u0 e u0 e
2 i 2 i
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. reminder from Structural Dynamics

solution/response (sine + cosine form):

u0
u (t ) A sin t B cos t sin t u0 cos t
solution/response (sine form):

u (t ) C sin( t )
2 2 1 B
A B sin t tan
A
2
u 0 u0
u 02 sin t tan 1
u 0
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. reminder from Structural Dynamics

solution/response (cosine form):

u (t ) C cos( t )
A
A2 B 2 cos t tan 1
B
2
u 0 u 0
u 02 cos t tan 1
u0
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. reminder from Structural Dynamics

2. Free damped vibration equation

mu(t ) cu (t ) ku(t ) 0
or 2
u(t ) 2 u(t ) u(t ) 0

proposed solver (the same):

u(t ) Gest

2
s i 1 i D

D - damped circular frequency

Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. reminder from Structural Dynamics

initial (boundary) conditions:

u(0) u0 , u(0) u0

solution/response (complex form):

u (t ) e t
G1D e i Dt
G2 D e i Dt

G1 and G2 must be complex conjugate

t 1 u0 u0 i Dt
u0 u0 i Dt
u(t ) e u0 e u0 e
2 i i
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. reminder from Structural Dynamics

solution/response (sine + cosine form):

t
u (t ) e AD sin D t BD cos D t
t u0 u0
e sin D t u0 cos D t

solution/response (sine form):

t t BD
u (t ) e CD sin( Dt D) e AD2 BD2 sin Dt tan 1

AD
2
t u0 u0 u0
e u02 sin Dt tan 1

u0 u0
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. reminder from Structural Dynamics

solution/response (cosine form):

t t AD
u (t ) e CD cos( Dt D) e AD2 BD2 cos Dt tan 1

BD
2
t u0 u0 2 1 u0 u0
e u cos
0 Dt tan
u0
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. reminder from Structural Dynamics

Under-critical damped response

Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. reminder from Structural Dynamics

3. Particular response to impulse

initial (boundary) conditions:

H
u (0) 0, u (0) u0
m

solution/response (complex form):

t u0 1 i Dt i Dt
u (t ) e e e
i 2
H t
e sinh i Dt
i m
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. reminder from Structural Dynamics

solution/response (sine form):

t u0 t H
u (t ) e sin Dt e sin D t
m

solution/response (cosine form):

t u0 t H
u (t ) e cos Dt e cos D t
2 m 2
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. equation of motion

Seismic action = random action

particular response ≡ superposition (integration) of

responses to impulses at each moment

1 t
u (t ) ug ( )e (t )
sin D (t )d
0
D
Seismic Structural Analysis
1dofs. equation of motion

Velocity response:
t t
u (t ) ug ( )e (t )
sin D (t )d ug ( )e (t )
cos D (t )d
0 0
D
t
ug ( )e (t )
cos D (t )d
0

Acceleration response:
2
t
2 2 (t )
uabs (t ) 2 u (t ) u (t ) 1 2 ug ( )e sin D (t )d
0
D
t
(t )
2 ug ( )e cos D (t )d
0
 References
• Păuleţ-Crăiniceanu, F. Earthquake Engineering, Editura
Cermi, Iaşi, 1999
• P100-92, P100-2006
• Negoiţă, Al., & al., Earthquake Engineering, E.D.P.,
Bucureşti, 1985 (in Romanian)
• WolframMathWorld
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/