Abstractions from Precipitation 73

Table 3.5 Mean Monthly Values of Possible Sunshine Hours, N

North
latitude Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
0° 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1
10° 11.6 11.8 12.1 12.4 12.6 12.7 12.6 12.4 12.9 11.9 11.7 11.5
20° 11.l 11.5 12.0 12.6 13.1 13.3 13.2 12.8 12.3 11.7 11.2 10.9
30° 10.4 11.1 12.0 12.9 13.7 14.1 13.9 13.2 12.4 11.5 10.6 10.2
40° 9.6 10.7 11.9 13.2 14.4 15.0 14.7 13.8 12.5 11.2 10.0 9.4
50° 8.6 10.1 11.8 13.8 15.4 16.4 16.0 14.5 12.7 10.8 9.1 8.1

Mean monthly temperature : 19° C

Mean relative humidity : 75%
Mean observed sunshine hours : 9h
Wind velocity at 2 m height : 85 km/day
Nature of surface cover : Close-ground green crop
SOLUTION: From Table 3.3,
A = 1.00 mm/°C ew = 16.50 mm of Hg
From Table 3.4
Ha = 9.506 mm of water/day
From Table 3.5
N = 10.716 h n/N = 9/10.716 = 0.84
From given data
ea = 16.50 ´ 0.75 = 12.38 mm of Hg
a = 0.29 cos 28° 4¢ = 0.2559
b = 0.52
s = 2.01 ´ 10–9 mm/day
Ta = 273 + 19 = 292 K
s Ta4 = 14.613
r = albedo fer close-ground green crop is taken as 0.25
From Eq. (3.14),
Hn = 9.506 ´ (1 – 0.25) ´ (0.2559 + (0.52 ´ 0.84))
– 14.613 ´ (0.56 – 0.092 12.38 ) ´ (0.10 + (0.9 ´ 0.84))
= 4.936 – 2.946 = 1.990 mm of water/day
From Eq. (3.15),
85 ö
Ea = 0.35 ´ çæ1 + ´ (16.50 – 12.38) = 2.208 mm/day
è 160 ÷ø
From Eq. (3.13), noting the value of g = 0.49.
(1 ´ 1.990) + (2.208 ´ 0.49)
PET = = 2.06 mm/day
(1.00 + 0.49)

EXAMPLE 3.3 Using the data of Example 3.2, estimate the daily evaporation from a
lake situated in that place.
SOLUTION: For estimating the daily evaporation from a lake, Penman’s equation is used
with the albedo r = 0.05.
Hence
(1.0 - 0.05)
Hn = 4.936 ´ – 2.946 = 6.252 – 2.946 = 3.306 mm of water/day
(1.0 - 0.25)
Ea = 2.208 mm/day