Scope topic 7

• Waste Separation
• Material Recovery Facility
• Refuse-Derived Fuel

• Unit Operation
• Size reduction
• Screening
• Density separation
• Magnetic separation
• Densification
Process and Treatment
• Processing techniques are used in solid
waste management systems:
oto improve the efficiency of solid-
waste disposal systems,
oto recover resources (usable
materials)
oto prepare materials for the recovery
of conversion product and energy
Consumption
Waste Management
Waste Management
Environmental Impact : Example E-Waste
Landscape Waste
Transformation
RICEE project by UTM – Kinki University Collaboration
Introduction to Bio-Coke

Bio-coke is an environment-friendly biomass fuel that can be made from almost any
photosynthetic plant, including what had been considered waste materials, such as used
tea leaves and coffee grounds. An effective form of waste management, bio-coke is also
seen as a way to counter the over-reliance on fossil fuels and the risks associated with
fluctuations in fossil fuel import prices. Someday, bio-coke might replace the coal that
industries currently use as a solid fuel for smelting iron, leading to a significant reduction in
CO2 emissions.
UTM Landscape Waste Management:
Disposal

Increasing the
landscape landfill
about 70%

(souces : Pejabat Harta Bina (PHB))

UTM Landscape Waste Management:
Disposal Landscape Landfill Balai Cerap

• No fence
• Insect breeding
• Open burning
• Expend landfill
area
Preliminary
Site Visit
UTM Landscape Waste Management:
Existing Scenario
Supervise by Office of Asset and Development

In-house
Open
Dumping at
Site Work
Yard Landfill Maintenance and
by Collection
Monitoring
Contractors
Contractor Outsourced
Sanitary
Contractor Landfill Self Done by OAD
UTM Landscape Waste Management:
Generation Area Zone Contractor Name
Area
Acre Hectare
1 Main road, BCSI, MSI, DSI, 37 ± 15 ±
SUB, Parking, PRZ
2 P19, Equin, Padang Utama 117 ± 47 ±

3 FS, FKA, FPPSM, FKM, FP, FAB 55 ± 22 ±

4 PHB,L50,L51, B11 63 ± 25 ±
5 FKT, Blok N, and FKE 172 ± 69 ±
6 KTC, KP 216 ± 87 ±
7 KRP, KTP, PKU, D.Bakti, 157 ± 64 ±
D.Skudai, Bio-sains
8 KTR 97 ± 39 ±
9 KDSE,KDOJ, KTGB 138 ± 55 ±
10 Kolej 11 95 ± 38 ±
11 Cluster 211 ± 85 ±
Total Area 1358 ± 549 ±
UTM Landscape Waste Management:
Collection

Observation period:
1st December 2015 until 29th February 2016
UTM Landscape Waste Management:
Collection of 5 types of Landscape Waste
AVERAGE LANDSCAPE WASTES AVERAGE TRIP

11 DRY PALM
ZONE TWIGS BRANCHES WOOD
10 LEAVES FROND
9
1 74% 20% 9.35% 11% 10%
types of waste

8
2 57% 13% 11% 10% 11%
7 3 30% 5% 5% 5% 5%
6 4 93% 12% 5% 7% 1%
5 5 82% 11% 9.30% 11% 8%
4 6 90% 9% 10.70% 8%
3 7 89% 15% 5.70% 13% 3%
2
8 47% 4% 3%

1
9 35% 4% 4% 5% 3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
10 44% 6% 5% 4%
percentage 11 76% 7% 26%
UTM Landscape Waste Management:
Collection of Dry Leaves Only
WEIGHT
NUMBERS OF DRY LEAVES IN GUNNY
DRY LEAVES (KG)
60
54.5 ZONE Area (Hectare) (GUNNY SACKS)
1 15 ± 32.5 195
50 47.75
44.5 2 47 ± 47.75 285.5
3 22 ± 12.5 75
40 35.5 25 ± 267
4 44.5
No. of gunny

32.5 32
5 69 ± 35.5 213
30
24 6 87 ± 54.5 327
7 64 ± 32 192
20
8 39 ± - -
12.5
9 55 ± 24 144
10
10 38 ± - -
11 85 ± - -
0
1698.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
TOTAL KG
Zones
*Average 1 gunny sack estimated by the contractors = 6kg
UTM Landscape Waste Management:
Collection of Twig and Branches
TWIG BRANCHES
25% 12.00%
11% 10.70%
20% 10.00% 9.35% 9.30%
20%

8.00%
15%
Percentage

Percentage
15% 13%
12% 11% 6.00% 5.70%
5% 5%
10% 5%
9% 4%
7% 4.00%
5% 6%
5% 4% 4%
2.00%

0% 0.00%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Zones Zones
UTM Landscape Waste Management:
Collection of Palm Frond and Wood
PALM FROND WOOD
12% 11%
30%
26% 10%
10%
25%
8%
8%
20%

Percentage
Percentage

15% 6% 5%
13%
11% 11%
10% 4%
10% 8%
7% 3% 3%
5% 5% 4% 2%
5% 3% 1%

0% 0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Zones Zones
UTM Landscape Waste Management:
Rescale of collection area
Area
Zone Contractor Name
Square Feet Acre Hectare

L1 Faizul Enterprise 6754999 ± 154 ± 62 ±

L2 Nurfirine Enterprise 5173780± 118± 47±

L3 E One Mint Enterprise 12901068± 295± 119±

L4 Q2 Enterprise Sdn. Bhd 4685658± 192± 77±

L5 Muer Usaha Bakti Sdn. Bhd 7506966 ± 172 ± 69 ±

L6 Bestview Enterprise 9432307 ± 216 ± 87 ±

Pertubuhan Peladang
Combine zone : Maintain zone : L7 9225209 ± 211 ± 85 ±
Kawasan Johor Bahru Timur
L1 +L2 = L1 L5
L3 + L4 = L2 L6
L7 +L9 = L3 L11 = L7 Total Area 59,181,640 ± 1,358 ± 549 ±
L8 + L10 = L4
UTM Landscape Waste Management:
Potential Collaboration
Campus Waste
5
Paper

Food Waste

Plastic 1 2 Bio-Coke
Facilities 3 Product
4 Commercialization

Yard Waste

Glass

Process Potential Research Collaboration

1 Quality and Quantity Analysis of Feedstock Resources

2 Elements of Pre-Processes: Pyrolysis, Gasification and Carbonization

3 Characteristic of Product Output

4 Market Readiness and Acceptance

5 Resource Utilization : Sustainability of Supply Demand Chain

Transportation
Drying moisture content
Drying moisture content
The Machine
Separation
Separation
Production Waste
 Analysis Result
Product Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

Product 1
(90% Dry EFB with 10% 17520.7 J/g 17169.7 J/g 17382.1 J/g
Dry Leaves)

Product 2
(50% Dry EFB with 50% 17398.8 J/g 17478.8 J/g 17136.6 J/g
Dry Leaves)

Product 3
17186.6 J/g - -
(100% Dry Leaves)
Sample Product 1
(90% Dry EFB with 10% Dry Leaves)

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

Sample Product 2
(50% Dry EFB with 50% Dry Leaves)

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

Sample Product 3
(100% Dry Leaves)

Sample 1
Sample Product 4 & 5
(100% Palm Oil trees waste)
 Analysis Result
Product Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

Product 1
(90% Dry EFB with 10% Dry 17520.7 J/g 17169.7 J/g 17382.1 J/g
Leaves)

Product 2
(50% Dry EFB with 50% Dry 17398.8 J/g 17478.8 J/g 17136.6 J/g
Leaves)

Product 3
17186.6 J/g - -
(100% Dry Leaves)

Product 4 17532.5 J/g 17723.6 J/g -

Product 5 17214.4 J/g 17499.7 J/g -