SYNOD SOCIAL FRONT – 4

KRISTIANTE RAHBI THAR

(Seminar/Consultation Paper)

Edited By
Rev. Lalchhuanliana
Executive Secretary i/c SocialFront, etc.
Published
By
Synod Social Front Committee –

Copies-
Copy Right Synod Social Front Committee
Synod Office, Aizawl

Printed
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Synod Press
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iii

A CHHUNGA THU AWMTE

Phek

1. Thuhmahruai vi
2. Bung I : RETHEITE CHAWIKAN
DAN TUR KAWNGA
INRAWNKHAWMNA
(November 17,1989)
1
(1) Pathian thuin retheite chungchang
A sawi dan
-Rev. H.Vanlalauva, M.A,M.Th. 1
(2) Mizoram Kristiante retheihna leh a chhanchhuah dan
- Upa H.Thangmawizuala, M.A 29
3. Bung II : SUMDAWNNA LEH
SUMDAWNNA KAWNGA
INKAIHHRUAINA
(September 27 & 28,1990) 40
(1) Mizoram sumdawnna, tun hma
Leh tunlai
-Pu Thangchungnunga, M.A
40
(2) Sumdawnnain Mizo nun a khawih dan
-Upa Dr.H.Lallungmuana, Ph.D 56
(3) Mizorama sumdawnna kawnga kaihhruaina
-Pu H.Liansailova, M.A,M.C.S 72
4. BUNG III : THLANMUAL ENKAWL DAN
KAWNGA INRAWNKHAWMNA
(June 9,1990) 89
(1) Thlanmual enkawl dan tur
-Rev.
BUNG I

RETHEI CHAWIKAN DAN TUR KAWNGA INRAWNKHAWMNA

“Riangvaite hnena Chanchin Tha hril tura mi ruat avangin Lalpa Thlarau
chu ka chungah a awm……………” Lk. 4:18,19.

1. PATHIAN THUIN RETHEITE CHUNGCHANG A SAWI DAN

Pathian thuin retheite chungchang a sawi dan kan zir ho dawn a. Kan thupui
zir ho tur hi sawi dan kawng hrang hrang a awm awm e. ‘Pathian thu’ hi eng ber
nge kan kawhtir, eng chen nge a huam? Ngaihtuah ngun a ngai viauvin a lang.
Mizo Kristiante Pathian thu ngaihtuahna khawvelah hian, ‘Bible,’Theology,’ leh
Pathian Thu (God’s Word) te hi ‘Pathian thu’ tiin kan sawi mai theuh a. Kan
paper-ah hian an zavai hian kan huamtir em ni ang? Bible, theology lah Pathian
Thu te hi an inzawmin, an inlaichin hle naa, thuhmuna ngaih tur erawh a ni lo.
Pathian Thu (God’s Word) hi a bul ber a ni a. Isua Krista a lailui a ni a; tin, Amah
chu Pathian thu a ni nghal bawk a, Pathian rilru, Pathian finna angina sawi a ni
bawk a; tin, Pathian nen pawh thuhmuna ngaih theih a ni bawk. Pathian thu chu
kawng hrang hrangin puanchhuah a ni a. A inpuanchhuahna dawngtute’n an nun
leh chezia te tawngka leh ziak tein an lo puang chhawng ve leh a. Chutianga
Pathian thu puanchhuah chhawn leha awm chu Thlarau Thianghlim uapna hnuaiah
phuah khawmin, Kohhran Bible hi a rawn siam chhuak ta a ni. Bible hi theology,
Pathian chungchang sawina a ni a. Theology, Bible laka a danglamna erawh chu –
Bible-a thu ziak hrilhfiahna, sawifiahna a ni a. Bible bakah khawvela Pathian
inpuanna kal zel innghata Pathian leh mihring, mihring leh mihring, mihring leh
khawvel, khawvel leh Pathian inlaichinna zawng zawng zirna leh sawifiahna a ni.

A Chunga kan han sai ang khian, ‘Pathian thu’ kan han tih hi a awmzia leh
a huam zau zawngte a thuhmun vek kher loving a. Eng pawh ni se, kan paper-ah
hian kan bible-in retheite chungchang a sawite kan chhui deuh ber ang a.
Amaherawhchu, theology hrang hrangin an chhui dan leh an sawifiah dante
hmangin kan thupui zir ho tur hi buatsaih kan tum dawn a ni.
 Mihring nun dan leh khawsak dan siamthatna kawnga thawktute’n Bible hi
an zir ngunin, an hmang tangkai hle thin. Sakhaw dang betute leh Pathian awm
ringlote meuh pawhin mihring nun chawikanna leh zalenna atana an thawhna-ah
Bible hi an hmanraw lakna pawimawh tak a ni. Pu Gandhi-a chuan, lehkhabu ziak
The Message of Jesus Christ a tihah chuan, lal Isua zirtirnaa innghata Non-
violence Principle hi a chherchhuah ni hial awmin a sawi lang a (M.K.
Gandhi,p.35). Tin, Karl Marx-a’n communism a sawi fiah nana a thu hman
thenkhatte chu T.T. 2:44,55 & 32,35 atanga a lak chhawn (copy) niin an sawi thei
bawk a (H.P.Mabry, Christian Ethics-Introductory Reader, p.192). Gustufson-a
chuan Thuthlung Thar hi Communist thurin innghahna lubgphum pawimawh ber
niin a pawm nghet hle bawk a (H.P. Mabry,p.196). Heng atang ngawt pawh hian
retheite chhanchhuahna atan Bible thute hi a pawimawh hle tih a hriat theih a.
Tunlai Pathian thu zirtu tam takin Bible hi retheite chhandamna lehkhabu an ti fo
thin reng a. Chuvangin, retheite chunghcang, Bible-in a sawi dante hi ngun taka
kan zir a pawimawh hle dawn a ni.

1. Bible-a ‘rethei’ sawina tawngkam hrang hrangte :

1.1 Kan Mizo Bible-ah hian ‘rethei sawina tawngkam chi hrang hrang a
awm a, chung zinga kan hriat theih thenkhatte chu – riangvai, pachhia,
hnehchhiah, hreawm
tuar,tihduhdah,tlahham,michhia,michaklo,tanpuingai,khawhar,inngaitlawm,chaklo
,thuhnuairawlh, thinlung lungchhia, zaidam,ngilnei,etc. tithe hi. Saptawng Bible-
ah pawh ‘rethei’ sawina tawngkam chi hrang hrang eng emaw zat a awm bawk a.
Chutiang bawkin, Greek tawng Bible-ah pawh ‘rethei’ sawina tawngkam chi
hrang hrang 12 a awm. Tin, Hebrai Bible, Thuthlung Hlui-ah hian rethei sawina
Hebrai tawngkam awm zawng chu 6 chauh a nithung a. Hebrai tawngkam parukte
hi Greek tawng hrang harng 12-a lehlin a ni a. Chutiang zelin, Saptawng leh Mizo
tawng Bible-ah rethei sawina, tawngkam hrang hranga lehlin a lo nita a ni.

1.2 Retheite chungchang Bible-in a sawi dan hre chiang turin, ‘rethei’
sawina atana thu hman,Hebrai tawngkam 6 : Ebhyon,Dal,Ani,Anaw,Rash leh
Masken te leh Greek tawngkam hman lar zual 4- Ptochos, Penes,Tepeinos leh
Pros te lo zir ila ( Heng Bible tawngkam hrang hrang kan chhuina atana kan
Source pui ber chu Pu Chuauthuama B.D. Thesis : “Meaning and Usage of thr
Selected Hebrew Terms in the Old Testament to refer to the poor and oppressed in
the Old Testament”)

1.3 Ebhyon : He tawngkam hi ‘rethei’ tia lehlin a ni deuh vek awm e. Sam
Bu leh Zawlnei Isaia Buin a hmang ngun zual a. Bible pumah vawi 61 hman a ni.
Ebhyon-hote hi taksa khawsakna dinhmuna miretheite an ni a. Retheite zingah
pawh a rethei zualte, In leh lo, rem pawh nei lo, kutdawha vak, mite hmuhsit leh
endawngte an ni a. Hetiang taka an retheihna chhan hi mihausa leh miliante
hnehchhiahna avang niin ngaih a ni a. Mitlachham tak, saruak leh riltama khawsa,
mikhawngaihthlak takte an ni a. Ni tin inhlawhfaa ei chawp hmute chu dinhmun
tha pawl tak an ni. Tam takte hi chu Israel mi dik tak an ni nghe nghe awm e. Tin,
hetiang taka mirethei, mite thatna ringawt rinchhan an nih avang hian, Pathianin a
ngaihsak bik angina sawi a ni a. Saltang chhuah hnu phei kha chuan, ‘Ebhyon’
tawngkam hi thlarauva rethei sawi nan an hmang a ni awm e (Ct. Exod.23:210,11;
Due.15:7 24:15,15 Amosa.5:12Jer5:28;Eze.16:49 Sam 37:14,69:33,86:1)

1.4 Dal : He tawngkam hi Bible-ah vawi 48 hman a ni a. Thufing bu-ah

hman uar deuh a ni. A tawngkam awmzia hi ‘chak lo” tihna a ni a. Taksa leh
thlarau lam dinhmuna rethei sawi nan hman a ni a. Ebhyon-hote ang bawka
mihausa leh miliante hnehchhiahna avanga rethei, mite hmuhsit leh endawng an
ni. Mipui vantlang hnuai lam mite an ni vek a. Ebhyon-hote ai chuan an dinhmun
hi tha deuhin a lang a. In leh lo neia khawsa pawh ‘Dal’-ho zingah hi chuan an
awm ve awm e.Tin, Dal-hote zingah hian rilru natna avanga rethei an langsar a.
Thlarau lam ‘rethei’ an nihna hian chutiang mite dinhmun chu a kawk nghe nghe
awm e (Cf II Sam. 13”4; Ruth.3:10; Ror.6:15; Amosa.2:7;Isa.10:2;Eph.3:12;
Thuf.10:15,14:31,29:7,14).

1.5 Ani : Zawlnei Isaia leh Sam bute hian he tawngkam hi an hmang
uar a. Bible pumah vawi 71 hman a ni. Ani-hote hi an pianziain a zir loh vang ni
lovin, pawn lam dinhmunin a zir loh hrim hrim avanga rethei an ni. Mihausa leh
miliante hnehchhiahna avanga retheite an ni ber Mi-inngaitlawm leh
thuhnuairawlh tia sawi an hlawh hle a. Messia sawi nan pawh an hmang hial a ni.
(Ctf. Exod 22:5; Lev 19:9,10; Duet 24:12; Isa
3:14,15:14:32;Sam25:16,34:7,35:10,72:2,4,12).

1.6 Anaw: Bible pumah he tawngkam hi vawi 21chauh a lang.

Rethei tia kan sawi theih maite hi an ni a. Taksa dinhmuna mirethei pangngaite hi
an ni. Anaw an tithe hi mitha an ni a. Rethei an ni a; mahse, mizaidam, nunnem,
Pathiana innghat, Amah tih nachang hria an ni. Mosia pawh ‘ Anaw’ tia sawi a ni.
Rethei dangte ang bawkin mihausa leh miliante rahbeh leh hnehchhiaha awmte an
ni ve tho. (Cf.3:34,16:19; Isa. 29:19; Sam 10:17,22:26,37:11).

1.7 Rash : Mihring taksa dinhmun kawng hrang hrang

ngaihtuaha’rethei’ kan tih thin sawina tawngkam a ni a. A opposite chiah chu
‘hausa’ a ni.Taksa khawsakna dinhmuna mipui vantlang hnuailam, poverty line
hnuai lama awmte sawina tawngkam ni berin a lang. Bethsebi pasal hmasa Uria
kha ‘rash’ tia sawi a ni. Miretheidangte ang bawka hnehchhiahna tuarte an ni.
Bible pumah ‘rash’ tawngkam hi vawi 21 chiah hman a ni. (Cf.II Sam 12:1-4;
Thuf. 13:8,14:20).

1.8 Masken : He tawngkam hi Thuhriltute Bu-ah chauh tum li hman a ni.

Mirethei chanhai takte an ni. Amaherawhchu, miffing leh mirilru nei tak, roreltute
tan pawha mihlauhawm nip hate an ni (Eccl. 4:13,9:15,16).
1.9 A hma lama kan han sawi taw hang khan Hebrai tawnga’rethei’
sawina tawngkam paruk lehlin nan Greek tawng 12 hman a ni a. Chung zinga
palite chu hman lar deuhte an ni a; tin, Thuthlung Thar Bu-ah pawh hman lar a nit
ho bawk. Ptochos: Hebrai twang Anil eh Rash-hoten aiin an dinhmun a chhe zual
a. Ebhyon-hote ai pawhin an la rethei hial awm e. Kutdawh leh piangsualhote an
ni bera. Mite hmuhsit leh endawng an hlawh nasa hle.
Penes : Anni hi Ptochos aiin an dinhmuna tha a. ‘Ebhyon’ lah ‘Dal’ lehlinna
tawngkam a ni. Thuthlung Thar Bu-a Penes an tithe chu mahni ei chawp dapa
khawsa tawk tawkte an ni.
Tepeinos : Hebrai tawnga ‘Ani’ leh ‘Dal’ tawngkam lehlinna tawngkam a ni a.
Thlarau lam pachhiate sawina tawngkam bik angina a ngaih theih. Mi inngaitlawm
leh thuhnuairawlh mite an ni deuh ber. A tam ber chu taksa khawsakna dinhmuna
rethei an ni a. A tam ber chu taksa khawsakna dinhmun rethei an ni a. An zinga
thenkhat dinhmun tha deuha dingte pawh an awm ve.
Pros : Tapeinos-te ang bawk an ni. Mirethei, mitha anga ngaih theihte an ni.
Pathian tih mi, mi hmangaih thei takte an ni awm e.

1.10 Bible-a rethei tawngkam hrang hrang kan zir atang hian retheite chu
an dinhmun inchen vek lo mahse, a tlangpuiin, mi vantlang hnuai lam mite an ni
deuh ber a. Mihring chanvo dik tak luah pha lote an ni a. Mihausa leh Miliante
hnehchhiahna tuartute an ni deuh vek. Mite hmuhsit leh endawng, mi
khawngaihthlak takte an ni. Thlarau dinhmunah pawh pachhe tak an ni a.
Amaherawhchu, mirethei thenkhatte chu mi-inngaitlawm, thuhnuairawlh tak anga
sawi theih an ni awm e. Mifel leh tha, Pathian tih mi eng emaw zat an awmin a
lang. Tin, retheite zingah hian Israel-hote chu a hnam pumin tel ve-a sawi thin a ni
a. A la bang awm chhun (remnant)-ho te, Isua Krista leh Kohhranhote pawh Bible-
in ‘rethei’ tia a sawiah hian an tel ve.

2. Bible –in rethei a tihte hi tute nge? Eng ang mi nge

2.1 A chunga ‘rethei’ tawngkam hrang hrang kan chhui takte khian eng
emawti chen chu,’retheite’ chu tute nge an niha, eng ang mi nge an nih kan hre
thei ang a. Bible-in mirethei a tih zingah hming hmerha sawi lan fo thinte an awm
avangin, chung mite chu tlem tal tar lan kan tum dawn a ni.

2.2 Bible-in rethei a sawi zingah Fahrah, paneilo, hmeithai leh

ramdangmite hi a lar berte an ni hial awm e. Pathianin a bik taka a ngaihsak
pawh an hlawh hlein a lang. Fahrah (Orphan)- hote hi nu leh pain an thihsan, mi
dangin an chawilen takte chu an ni ber a. Fahrah tam ber hi indona avanga nu leh
pain an thihsante an ni awm e. Bible khawvelah indona te, inrun te a tam thin em
avang in fahrahhote hi buaipui tham fe an awm ni ngei tur a ni. Paneilo
(Fatherless)- te hi nawhchizuarhote fa hrin an ni ber a. An sual vang hrim hrim
vang pawh nilovin, khawsak harsatna avangte pawhin nawhchizuarho hi thahnem
fe an awm awm e. An fa hrin (a bikin hmeichhia) tam takte, a pa hriat chian theih
lohte an ni a. Rethei takin an lo seilian ve-in, an lo nung ve hram ni tur a ni.
Hmeithai thahnem fe Bible khawvelah hian an awm bawk a. Indona avang chauh
pawh ni lo lovin, damlohna leh hrisel lohna avanga an pasalte thihsan thahnem fe
an awm. Juda-hote’n tuarna leh sualna hi inzawm tlat nia an ngaih avangin, heng
hmeithaihote hian thlarau lam retheihna pawh an tuar nasa hlein a lang. Hmeithai
tam takte chu mipui vantlang kutthlak hnawihna an ni a, tihduhdahna an tuar nasa
hle (Isa 1:23,10:2; Job 22:9). Inthuamna bikte pawh an nei hial nghe nghe a ni
awm e.

2.3 Ramdangmite hi Israel hnam zingah thahnem fe an khawsa ve a.

Heng mite hi Kanaan mite an ni deuh ber awm e. Israel fate’n Kanaan ram an va
luah fel hnua, an ram mi an hnena khawsa chhunzawm tate kha an ni a. An zinga
thenkhat, Israel saphun tate eng emaw zat an awm naa, eng emaw zat an awm naa,
eng emaw zat cultural identity hrang neia awm an awm. Heng mite hian politics-
ah te, ei leh bar zawnna kawngah te, Israel mite dinhmun an pha lova, thlei bik
deuh niin an lang. A tlangpuiin, an dinhmun a tha lo va, sakhuana thilah phei
chuan endawng leh hmuhsit an hlawh zual. Tamna leh indona avang tea
ramdangmi, Israel rama lo pem lut eng emaw zat an awm bawk. Heng mite hi
chhiahhlawh hna thawka awm an thahnem fe awm e. Thingphurh leh tuichawi an
hnathawh langsar tak a ni. Ramdang mi, chhiahhlawha awmte hian Sabbath an
serh ve a, Israel mipui inkhawmnaah pawh an tel ve. Ramdangmite hi hmeithai leh
fahrahhote ang bawka a bika Pathianin a ngaihsakte an ni a. Mosia danah pawh
heng mite enkawlna hi siam a ni.

2.4 Bawih, Sal leh Chhiahhlawhte hi Bible-a mirethei tia an sawi zinga
mite an ni. Bawih leh mirethei tia an sawi zinga mite an ni. Bawih leh salte hi
Bible-ah hian mi thuhmun anga sawi lan a ni a. Chhiahhlawh pawh hi tawngkam a
hrang naa, bawih leh sal an tithe nen hian thuhmun anga sawi lan a ni fo bawk.
Bawih leh salhote hi retheina avang te, indona avangte leh inhremna pumpelhna a
nih avangtea lo awm a ni a. Mirethei chhuanchhamte’n mihausa leh miliante
hnenah sum an puk thin. An retheih avangin an leiba chu an pe thei lo va,
chutianga an leiba pek theih loh avanga bawiha in pete thahnem fe an awm a ni.
Bawih leh sal tura a ruka ruk chhuahte an awm bawk a. Retheih avanga an fate,
bawih leh sala hralh eng emaw zat an awm bawk. Heng bawih leh sal leh
chhiahhlawhte hi an duh vang nilovin, pianphungin an zir loh vang pawh ni lovin,
mihausa leh miliante suahsualna avanga bawih, sal leh chhiahhlawh lo ni tate an ni
deuh berin a lang. An pute kutah an awm hlawm tawp a. Mihring pangngai
chanvo a luah pha lo hle. An dinhmun hi a hreawm em avanga tlan bo tate pawh
an awm thin. Hnathawka chhawr an ni ber a. An hnathawh rah zawng zawng an
pute ta a ni a. An pute’n an pek phal tawk an pek ve chu an chanvo neih chhun chu
a ni. An pute Ina an awm chhung chu, an fate chenin an pute ta an ni. Heng
miretheite hi Pathianin a ngaihsak hle a ni.
2.5 Nawhchizuar hote hi mirethei anga sawi an ni bawk a. An taksa
khawsakna dinhmunin a zir loh avanga nawhchizuara inseam te an ni. Sakhaw
inzirtirna dih lo avanga hetiang dinhmuna dingte hi awm bawk mah se,
nawhchizuarte hi mihausa leh mi-liante hnehchhiahna avanga lo awm ni-a sawi
loh theih loh an ni. Mirethei zinga chhiar tel an ni.

2.6 Piangsual Mitdel, kebai, bengngawng,tawngtheilohote hi mirethei

zingah an tel a. Tin, damlo, natna tuar- phar, zeng, leh ramhuai bawlhhlawhin a
man leh a sawisak nia an ngaihhote Bible-in mirethei a tithe an ni bawk.
Thuthlung Hluiah chauh ni lovin, Thuthlung Tharah pawh heng mite hi ‘rethei’
anga sawi an ni. An dinhmun a chhe hle. A tam berin kut an dawh a. Mite thatnaah
an innghat ngawt mai a. An sual vang emaw, an thlahtute suahsualna avanga
chutiang retheihna chu tuar tur renga ngaih an ni lehnghal a. Mipui vantlanmg
hmuhsit leh endawng an ni. An tan din chhuaha, mihring pangngai anga khawsak
leh chu beisei phak loh tawp niin a lang a. Anni hian Pathian ram lo thlen hun tur
hi an nghakhlelh zual hle a ni.

2.7 Levia chiteho hi mirethei anga an sawi fo thin an ni. Puithiam

rawngbawltute an ni naa, In leh lo nei mumal lo an ni a. Mosia danah pawh fahrah,
paneilo, hmeithai leh ramdangmite nen a bika enkawlne pek tura tih an ni.

2.8 A hma lama kan sawi tawh angina, Israel hnam hi a hnam pum
angina ‘rethei’ tia sawi a ni ve f ova. Aigupta rama an awm chhunga an retheihna
te mai bakah, Lalte hun hma lam zawnga an dinhmun ngaihtuahin, hnam hausa leh
ropui tak chu an ni lo phawt mai le. Israel chanchin an chhui hian hnam rethei tak
anga sawi loh theih loh an ni. Lalte hunah ngei pawh khan milian leh mihausate
awm ve bawk mahse, chung mihausa leh miliante hnehchhiahna tuara rethei taka
awmte kha mipui tam ber an niin a lang. Babulon salah an tang a, saltan hnu lamah
pawh hnam dang awpbehna hnuaiah an kun a. Rome-in a awp hma kum rei lo te
chhung tih loh kha chu hnam dangte rahbeh leh hnehchhiahna tuarin an rum tlawk
tlawk a ni ber mai. Israel hnam sawmte phei chu Assuria-hote’n sala an mana an
hneh tak hnu phei kha chuan, an ral hial ta niin a lang. Israel hnam tluka ‘rethei’ hi
khawvelah an vang hle awm e. Pathianin a’n ngaihsakna chhan pawh hi an retheih
bik vang a ni mai thei.

2.9 Israel hnam zingah ‘a la bang awm chhun’ (remnant)- hote hi rethei
anga sawi an ni bawk a. Heng mite hi Pathian mite anga sawi an ni deuh bik a.
Israel hnam, a hnam pum anga an sawprawp hnua sakhaw dang zirtirnain a
chiahpiah fe tawh hnua, sakhaw dang zirtirnain a chiahpiah fe tawh hnu pawha
Jehova ringtu, Pathian ram lo thleng tur rinawm taka beisei leh nghak tlattute an
ni. Heng mite hi taksa khawsakna dinhmuna mirethei, mihausa leh miliante’n an
hnehchhiah ve thote an ni. Pathian an rinna erawh chuai chuang lovin, harsatna
hnuaiah pawh chhel takin, Lalpa ni, Messia lo lan hun chu an nghak fan fan a.
Thlarau lam dinhmuna ‘rethei’ tia an ni fo bawk a ni.
2.10 Lal Isua hi ‘rethei’ zingah Bible hian a chhiar tel vein a lang. A
pianna leh a seilenna chhungkua hi ‘rethei chhungkua’ nia ngaih a ni a.
Amaherawhchu, a pa Josepa leh amah ngei pawhin a hawh thin ‘mistiri’ hna hi
Lal Isua hun lai hian hna hnuaihnunga ngaih erawh a ni lo. A tlangpuiin, mistiri
hnathawkte chu mipui vantlang chung lam mah, a ni lo berah, middle class an tih
zinga chhiar tel theih tur niin Pathian thuzirtute chuan an ngai a ni. Engpawh ni
se, Lal Isua hi ‘Pathian Fapa’, ‘Pathian angaa awma Pathian tluka awm chu thil
thlakhlelh hleitheiha’ ngai lova, mihringa lo chang a nih avangin, a dinhmun
hmasa nena ngaihtuahin ‘rethei’ tih loh rual a ni lo. ‘Hausa mah sela, nangmahni
avang ngeiin a lo retheih tak kha,’ Paula’n a tih ang khan. (Cf Phil 2:5f II Kor.1:9)

2.11 Kohhran hi ‘rethei’ zingah chhiar tel a ni bawk a. Kohhran hi Krista

taksa, a tuarna leh retheihna keng chhunzawm zeltu a ni. Kohhran dinhmun hmasa
kan ngaihtuahin, Kohhran mite chu mipui vantlang hnuai lam mite an ni ber a. An
zingah mihausa tlem azawng tel bawk mah se, a am ber chu miretheite an ni.
Khatih hun lai khawvela mihausa leh miliante’n an hmuhsit em em thin an ni.
Tihduhdah leh hnehchhiahna nasa takin Kohhranin a tuar thin. Constantine-a hun,
kum zabi 4-na atang khan Kohhran dinhmun hi tlemin a lo ziaawm deuh va.
Amaherawhchu, vawiin thlengin Kohhran hi ‘rethei’ takin, khawvel mite
tihduhdah leh hnehchhiahna tawkin a la nung reng a nih hi.

3. Retheite dinhmun leh retheih chhante :

3.1 Retheite dinhmun eng emaw chen hre tawh mah ila, heng a hnuaia
Bible-a retheite dinhmun sawi lanna thenkhat hi tar langin, lo thlir
leh ila :

Joba 24:2-11,14

“Ri sawn chingte an awm a,

Ran rual an man lui a, an vulh a,
Paneilote sabengtung an um bosak a,
Hmeithai bawngpa, dahkham atan an laksak a……….
Vartianah tualthattu an tho va,
Rethei leh tlachhamte an that a.

Amosa 2:6-7;8:4-6

“Tangkaruaa mifel an hralh avang leh pheikhawk bun khata mifel an

hralh avangin, miretheite lu chunga vaivut takngial pawh an it a,
pachhiate an ruksak a, pa leh fapa chuan nula pakhat an zen tawm
a.”
 “Aw, tlachhamte ei zo duha, ram mirethei tibo duhte u, buh kan
zawrh theih nan thla thar chu engtikah nge a ral ang a, chhangphut
buh kan chhuah theih nan chawlhni chu engtikah nge a ral ang, titu;
ephah titein sekel tiliana, dik lo taka bumna buk hmanga; tangkaruaa
mirethei leia, mitlachhamte chu pheikhawk bun khata leia, buhsi kan
hralh theih nan, tiin.”
Isaia 10:1,2

“Dan chimawm takte insiama……… Hetiang hian

mikhawngaihthlakte dik takin in relsak duh lo va, retheite that na tur
in dang tlat a.

3.2 A chunga kan Bible thuziak tar lan atang khian miretheite dinhmun
chhiatzia kan hre chiang hle awm e. Mihausa leh miliante hnehchhiahna
namenlovin an tuar a.Rahbehin an awm a, an rum tlawk tlawk a ni ber mai awm e.
In leh lo an neih chhun takngial pawh chhuhsak an ni a. An silhfen neih chhunte
dahkhamin, chutianga an dahkhamte chu an chan leh mai si thin. In leh lo nei
lovin, riltam leh saruakin mirethei tam berte hi an khawsa a. Sum leh pai an neih
chhun pawh, mihausate duhamna avangin, a tangkai tur angina an hmang tangkai
thei lo. An tan nun hi anchhia a ni a, ran ang leka sawisak leh thah an ni hial thin.
Miretheite hian an chanvo dik tak an luah pha lo hle. Mihring an tling zo lo.
Mihausa leh miliante dinhmun leh chhuahna kawng reng a awm lo. Kawng
tinrengin hnehchhiahin an awm a. Rorelna-ah thlei bik an ni a. Dik lo takin an
chungthu relsak an ni a. Rorelna kalhmang leh dante chu mihausa leh miliante duh
dana siam a nih miau avangin, retheite tan rorelnaah beisei tur a awm tlem hle. Ei
leh bar zawnna leh taksa khawsakna dinhmunah namenlova rahbehin an awm a.
Sakhuana thil chenin retheite hi rahbeh leh hnehchhiahin an awm tak zet a ni.

3.3 Retheite dinhmun kan sawi tawhte atang khian retheite retheihna
chhan kan hre theuh awm e. Mihausa leh miliante suahsualna leh khawlohna
avangin miretheite an lo awmin, retheihna hi a lo awm a ni. Mihausa leh miliante
chuan mirethei thil neihte chu chhuhsakin intihhausak nan an hmang a. Miretheite
nunna, an tha leh an zung hmangin an intihausa bawk a, miretheite’n rim taka an
thawh chhuah zawng zawng chu milian leh mihausate ta a lo ni thin. Chu mai ni
lovin, an nunna hial laksakin, an nupui leh fanaute an chhuhsak hial thin a ni.
Bible khawvelah mihausa leh miliante hi mi retheite rorelsaktu an ni kumkhua a.
Rorelna an kutah awmin, rorelna kalhmang leh ram leh hnam enkawlna dan zawng
zawngte pawh an duh dan angina an siamin an kalpui thinin a lang. Khawtlang
mipui inlaichin dan zawng zawng pawh mihausa leh miliante ngaihdan leh duh
dana siam rem vek a ni a. Ei leh bar zawnna lam kalhmang zawng zawng pawh
mihausa leh miliante hamthatna tura siam leh rem ni deuhvin a lang. Sakhuana
lamah pawh chutiang deuh bawk chu a ni. Lal Isua hun lai phei kha chuan
sakhuana leh thuneihna hi a inkawp thui hle a. Pharisai-hote Sadukai-hote Lal
Isua’n demna leh a khinna zawng zawng kha mihausa leh miliante demna leh
khinna niin tunlai Pathian thuzirtute chuan an ngai a ni.

3.4 A chunga kan tar lan ang khian, mihausa leh miliante’n mihring
khawsakna tinreng-mihring khawvel zawng zawngah an duh danin ro an rel a.
Socio-economic and political order kan tih thin hi an kutah a awm vek a. Religious
order ngei pawh mihausa leh milianhote kutah a awm a ni. Miretheite ngaihtuah
lova mahni hmasial tak duham taka an nun avangin retheina hi lo awm niin a lang.
A tawi zawngin sawi ila: retheihna hi mihausa leh milian hote siam chawp, an
awm tir chawp anga sawi theih a ni. Zawlneite’n an hmu chiang hle a. An thusawi
tam ber kha mihausate leh milianhote demna, an suahsualna avanga Pathian
rorelna lo thleng tur thu kha a ni. Lal Isua chhandamna hnathawhin a tum
pawimawh tak mai pakhat pawh mihausa leh miliante hnehchhiahna zawng zawng
tihbova, retheite chhanchhuah hi ni ve ngeiin a lang.

3.5 Retheite chhan hi kawng hrang hrang sawi a ni thin a. Tam tlak
vang te, indona avang te, thlahtute atanga dinhmunin a zir loh vang te leh ei leh
bar zawn dan hmangin a zir loh vangtea retheihna hi lo awm a ngaih a ni a.
Hengte hi retheihna lo awm chhan Bible-in a sawi lante an ni nghe nghe a. Heng
retheihna chhan kawng hrang hrangte pawh hi ngin taka zu zirtute chuan mihausa
leh miliante hnehchhiahna avang vek niin an ngai a ni. (Gutierrez, Theology of
Liberation p.293). Indona hi chu, Political order kha mihausa leh milian kuta
awm a nih avangin mihring siam chawp a ni tih a chiang thei ami. Ei leh bar zawn
dan hmang fel lo phei hi chu mihring siam chawp liau liau niin a lang bawk a.

3.6 Retheihna hi thatchhiat leh dawngdahna avanga lo awm niin

Thufing Buin a tar lang ngun hle mai. Taimaknain hausakna a thlen laiin,
thatchhiatna erawh chuan retheihna a awmtir nia inzirtirna hi Bible inzirtirna
pakhat niin a lang. Pianphung mizia zir loh vanga thatchhiatna leh dawngdahna hi
a awm niin a lang bawk a. Amaherawhchu, ngun taka kan ngaihtuah erawh chuan,
pawn lam dinhmun fell oh avanga thatchhiatna hi awm ve thei a nit ho mai.

3.7 Juda-hote Pathian thu kalpui dan (theology) tuarna leh sualna
inzawm tlata zirtirna hi retheihna awmtirtu pakhat anga sawi theih a ni awm e.
Fahrah leh hmeithaite, piangsual leh damlo, phar leh zengte retheihna chhan
pakhat ni ve ngeiin a lang. Tin, Juda-te chauh, Israel hnam chauh Pathianin enkawl
leh ngaihsak nia inzirtirna hi ram dang mite retheihna bul pakhat niin a lang bawk
a.

3.8 Kawng hrang hranga retheite retheihna chhan Bible-in a sawi khi
han thlirin, a bul nia lang chu structural injustices mihausa leh miliante’n an
awmtir chawp, mirethei an rahbehna leh an hnehchhiatna chu niin a lang a. Hei aia
bul zawka sawi tumtu thenkhatte chuan mahni hmasialna leh chapona, mihring
duhamna tiin an sawi thin a. Mahni hmasialna leh chapona hi structural injustices-
in a awm anga sawi ve theih tho a ni a. Eng pawh ni se, hengte hi structural
injustices, socio-economic & political order phuar khawng tlatu chu niin a lang.

4. Retheite chhanchhuahna kawng :

4.1 Tunlai Pathian thu zirtirtute’n Pathian hian miretheite hi angaihsak

bikin, ‘Mirethei Pathian’, tiin, Pathian hming an sai thin a; miretheite a
ngaihsakzia Mosia Lehkhabu pangate’n an tar lan thenkhat lo en hmasa ila :

Exodus 22 :22-26

Hmeithai emaw, fahrah emaw in tirethei tur a ni lo.

Anmahni in tihretheih vaiha, min rawn auh phawt chuan, min auhna
aw chu ka lo ngaithla ngei ang ………….. Ka miteho zinga in hnena
awm, retheite tangka in puktir chuan, I leiba angah I ngai tur a ni lo
va; a lakah a pung I phut tur a ni hek lo.

Deut. 24:14,19

In mirawih, mirethei leh tlachhamte chu…..in hnehchhiah tur a ni lo.

In lova buh in senga, buhphal in khawm hmaih chuan, in lak leh tur
a ni lo; ramdangmi te, paneilo te, hmeithaite ta tur a ni.

Mosia Dan ang hi chuan mirethei hnehchhiah khap tlat a ni. An retheihna
denchhena intihhausak engti kawng mahin phal a ni lo. Felt akin miretheite ro an
relsak tur a ni. An retheih avanga In leh lo an chante pawh Jubili kuma pek let vek
tur a ni. Israel-te zinga miretheite ngat phei chu unau angina an chhawmdawl tur a
ni. Sawma pakhat chu rethei chhawmdawlna atan hman ve tur a ni bawk.
Inthawina thilhlan tur mirethei tan bik siam a ni bawk a. Heng Mosia Dan hian
Order fel lo avanga retheihna hi lo awm a nihzia hriain, order chu siam dik a tum
a ni.

4.2 Mosia dan hi mihausa leh miliante’n an zawm tha lo hle ni ngei tur a
ni. Zawlneite’n mihausa leh miliante’n Dan an bawhchhiatna avanga retheihna leh
pachhiatna lo awm chu an engto em em a. Pathian mite tawngtaina hla a ni fo
bawk thin.

Sam 113 :5-9

Lalpa kan Pathian, chung lama thutphah neia,

Van thil awmte leh leia thil awmte en tura
Intihhnuai thin ang hi tu nge awm?
Ani chuan retheite chu vaivut ata a kaitho thina,
Pachhia chu ek dur ata a chawikang thin.
4.3 Mari hla an tih fo thin, Lk. 1:51f thu hi Pathianin mirethei a
ngaihsakzia leh a chhanchhuah dan tur nia ngaih a ni a.

Luka 1:51-52

A banin a tha chakzia a entir a,

Michapote chu an inngaihtuahnain a tidarh ta a,
An thutphaha lal thute chu a hnuk thla a,
Hnam tlawmte chu a chawimawi ta a.
Riltamte chu thil that akin a tipuar a,
Hausate chu kutruakin a kal botir ta a.

Mari hla hian retheihna um bo hi Pathian chhandamna hnathawhin a tum a nihzia a

tar lang chiang hle a. Retheihna um bo tur chuan milian leh mihausa, miretheite
hnehchhiahtu chu a target an ni tih a tilang bawk a. Tin, retheihna tihbo dan chu
retheite chawikan a ni. Retheite chawikana an awm theih na tur chuan mihausa
hnuh hniamtur a ni bawk a, Hei hi retheihna chhanchhuah dan tur model niin sawi
a ni hial thin (Robinson, “Mission in Christ’s Way Siding with the proor.” The
South Indian Churchman. April 1968.p.8f).

4.4 Lal Isua lo kal chhan leh a chhandamna hnathawhin a tum

pawimawh tak pakhat nia tunlai Pathian thuzirtirtute’n an sawi thin chu-retheite
chhanchhuah hi a ni. Lal Isua tawngkamah retheite chhandam tura lo kal a nih thu
hi hmun tam takah kan hmu a: “Boralte chhandam turin mihring fapa hi a lo kal a
ni reng si a (Lk 19:10)”. “Mifel takte lam tura lo kal ka ni lo va, misualte zawk
lam tura lo kal ka ni (Mk 2:17)”. Boral te misual te; hengte hi miretheite, taksa
dinhmuna retheite an ni. Baptistu Johana mi tirhte hnena a inpuanna thu khan Lal
Isua lo kal chhan miretheite chhanchhuah a nihzia a tar lang chiang hle bawk a.
Mat 25:24f-a ‘Pa vohbikte chanvo’ khan mirethei chhanchhuah hi Mission hnapui
a nihzia a tichiang hle bawk. Tin, Lal Isua khan miretheite a khawngaihin a lainat
a ni mai lo. Anmahni a chhandam theih ngeina turin miretheia lo changing,
mirethei angina a khawsa a; miretheite chhanchhuah an nih theihna turin an nit tin
mamawh a pe a ni mai lo, retheihna khura dahtute an do let theihna turin chaknain
a thuam a, tiretheitu chakna chu a takin a do zawk a ni. Lal Isua retheite
chhanchhuak tura lo kal a nihzia. Nazareth manifesto an tih hian a tichiang hle
mai:

Luka 41: 8

Riangvaite (Retheite) hnena Chanchin Tha hril tura mi ruat avangin,

Lalpa Thlarau chu ka chungah a awm; Ani chuan salte hnena
chhuahna thu leh mitdelte hnena mitvar neih lehna thu sawi tur te,
 tihduhdah tuarte chhuahtirna tur te, Lalpa lungawi kum thu sawi tur
tein mi tir a ni.

Sal te, mitdel te, tihduhdah tuarte hi thlarau lam thil ni lovin, he taksa dinhmun
ngeia mirethei, setana (structural injustices) tihretheiha awm mekte chu an ni.
Heng mite chhanchhuahna hi a takin, a dam lai ngei pawhin a lantir tak kha.

4.5 Mat. 5:3 leh Lk. 6:20 thu hi khaikhinin a ni fo thin. Thlarau lama
retheite dinhmun sawina angina sawi a ni fo thin a. Amaherawhchu, Lal Isua’n
‘rethei’ tia a sawite hi thlarauva rethei ni mai lovin, taksa dinhmun pawha rethei a
sawina ni ngeiin a lang. Rilru-a rethei mai ni lovin, lungngai te, thuhnuairawlh te,
etc. Bible-ina mirethei a tithe kha an ni. Krista hnathawh chuan Pathian ram
thlentirin retheihna a tikiang tur a ni a; tichuan, mirethei zalenna, mihring dik tak
chanvo an luah vena tur kawng a lo inhawng dawn a ni.

4.6 Lal Isua hnathawh leh thiltih zawng zawng hi retheite chhanchhuah
an nih theihna tura ‘model’ a ni vek mai. Mirethei khawngaiha thil petu ni mai
lovin, Kohhran leh ringtute hian mirethei chhanchhuaha an awm theihna turin an
retheihna hi kan chanpuiin, retheihna ata an lo din chhuah theihna turin an tha
tichaktu-ah kan tang ang a, an retheih na zawng zawng, Lal Isua angina kan nunna
hlan hial khawpin kan do tur a ni. Retheihna leh pachhiatna laka chhanchhuah hi
Kohhran Mission pawimawh tak niin a lang.

4.7 Miretheite, Pathianin a ngaihsakzia, a chhandamna hnathawhin

retheite a tumzia kan hria a. Eng vangin nge heti tak maia Pathianin retheite a
ngaihsaka, chhandam a duh? A tawi zawng in sawi ila: Aigupta sal ata chhandam
an nih thu kha Israel sakhaw lungphum pawimawh ber a ni. Kha Pathian
chhandamna kha retheite chhandamna a ni. Retheite an retheihna ata chhandam hi
Pathian duhzawng leh a tum a ni tih a chiang hle bawk a. Pathian in a mite enkawl
a tum zel dante kan thlirin, retheihna laka a mite humhim hi a tum a ni tih kan hre
bawk a ni. Chutichuan, retheihna leh Pathian chhandamna hi a inkalh a ni. Pathian
chhandamna hnathawh chuan retheihna tihbo a tum a, a tibo reng thin a ni. Pathian
leh mihring inlaichinna a siam tha mai ni lovin, mihring leh mihring, mihring leh
khawvel, khawvel leh Pathian inlaichinna pawh a siam thain; chutin, retheite nun
chawikawnga, tizalenin, Pathian ram a lo thleng thin a ni. Chu vangin, Pathianin
retheite hi ngaihsak lozia a ni lo.

4.8 Mihring hi Pathianin ama anpuia a siam a ni. Thil siam hotu leh
enkawltu tura a siam leh dah a ni. Retheihna hian chu dinhmun chu luah thei lovin
mihring a awmtir thin. Thil siamte hotu leh enkawltu chu thil siam lekah chantirin,
thil siam thuhnuaiah a kuntir hial thin. Pathian anpui kan nihna chu ‘kut
hnathawh’-ah hian a ni. Mihring chu hnathawk tur renga siam a ni a. Thil siamte
enkawlna hnathawha lantir tur a ni. Pathianin min kohna ropui tak a ni a, a kohna
phu a kan awmna tur a ni. Retheihna avang bawkin kut hnathawhte hi anchhia a
chang zova. Thil tenawmah a chang ta hial zawk a ni. Mihausate hnehchhiahna
avangin hna thawh hlawkna zawng zawng chu mihring phur tirit zualtu maiah te a
lo chang ta hial a. Tin, mihringte hi inlaichinna tha tak nei tura Pathian anpuia
siam kan ni bawk a. Mahse, he inlaichinna pawh hi retheihna, hnehchhiahna
avanga lo awm chuan a tichhe vek. Mihringte inkarah indaidanna lo awmin,
inpawngnekna leh indonate hial a lo awm ta. Chuvangin, Pathianin retheite hi
ngaihsak lozia a ni lo va, a chhandamna hnathawh hian retheihna hi a tin zawn lo
thei lo a ni.

4.9 Engkim hi Pathian ta a ni. “Amah atang leh amah avang leh amah
atan thil zawng zawng hi lo awm a ni si a (Rom 11:36).” Engkim hi Pathian
ropuina leh mawina tur a ni. Sual thuneihna leh rorelna zawng zawngte tichhe
vekin, khawvel zawng zawngah, thil siam zawng zawngte hnenah Pathian ram
thlentir tur a ni.Pathian nena inrem lo zawng zawngte, ‘ A fapa Kraws thisen
chuan’ inremtir tur a ni. Chu chhandamna hnathawh chu Krista mission a ni a, a
taksa-Kohhran mission a ni nghal chiah bawk a ni. (Cf. R.Lalthanmawia, “
Khawtlang thila inhmang tura Pathian Thu Lungphum.” Didakhe, Sept-Oct, 1986,
pp 2-10).

4.11 Mihring pumpui chhandam hi Pathian chhandamnain a tum a ni.

Mihring hi taksa leh thlarau a ni. Taksa leh thlarau chu Pathian Pathian siam leh
ama hnen atanga chhuak ve ve an ni. Mihring sualna leh hnehchhiahna hian taksa
leh thlarau a khawih ve ve a, a taksa leh a thlarau khawvel zawng zawng pawh a
khawih ve ve bawk. Pathian chhandamna chuan sualin mihring nun khawvel a
tihkhawloh zawng zawng a puma tundina, siam that vek a tum a ni.

4.11 Pathian tihna, a duhzawng leh a thuhuaia kun, a lalna leh a rorelna
hnuaiah nun, engkim engkima amaha innghat hi mihring tan thil tha ber, mihring
awmdan tura Pathian chatuan remruat, Krista nuna Pathian inpuannain a tihlan chu
a ni. Value system zawng zawng chu, chumi-a innghat tlat chu a ni. A tawi
zawngin, ‘Sovereignty of God,’ hi value system innghahna leh kengtu tur a ni.
Retheihna hian hei hi a dodal. Mihausa leh miliante rorelna hian Pathian lalna leh
thuneihna hi a do va, a kalhzawngin a kalpui thin a. Chuvangin, Pathianin retheite
hi a ngaihsakin, an changkanna turin hna a thawk lo thei lo a ni. (Cf
R.Lalthanmawia, Ibid).

4.12 Pathian chu ‘ Retheite Lal, Pa leh Pathian’ a nih avangin mi retheite
a ngaihtuah a, retheihna khura hnuk luttu-lal te, hotu te, roreltu te, up ate, ramneitu
te, mihausa sumdawng leh, pawisa, a pung uma puktir thintu te, sipai hotu te,
vantlang hruaitu te, sakhaw hotu te, puithiam te hmeichhia (cows of Bashan) te,
misuaksual leh tualthattu te- mihausa leh milian tia kan sawi thinte hnehchhiahna
leh tihretheihna laka chhanchhuah hi a duh a, a tum lat a ni. (Isa, 1:23, 3:1,4,14
10:1-3,5:10; Amos. 8:6, 2:8,4:4,5,4:1; Sam 37:14;Job,24:14). Miretheite lah chu
an ngawi mai mai thei si lo. Chhandam turin Lalpa an au reng a, Amah chu an
nghahfak a ni a, an zawng a, an dil a, anmahni anpui tura a lo kal hun chu
nghakhlelh takin an thlir a ni. (Sam 34:6,9:10,40:16,69:6). Chuvangin, Pathianin
miretheite hi a nghah thlawntirin, a beisei thlawntir dawn lo (Sam 34:4,35:10)niin
a lang.

5 Tlangkawmna

5.1 Pathian thuin retheite chhandamna hi a tum pawimawh tak pakhat a

ni. Pathian chu ‘Fahrahte leh retheite Lal Pa leh Pathian’ a nihzia a tar lang chiang
hle. Retheite an lo din chhuaha, mihring chanvo dik tak an rawn luah theih nan
Pathianin chhandamna hna a thawk a ni.

5.2 Retheite hian mihring an tling zo lo va, thil pawimawh an tluk pha lo
hial a. Chutiang taka dinhmun hnuaihnungah chuan hnuhhniamin an awm.
Chutianga mihring, Pathian anpuia siamte hnuk luttu chu structural injustices hi a
ni. Chu injustices awmtirtu leh retheite rahbeh nana hmangtute chu ‘mihausa leh
miliante’ leh an hote, an lam atanga an hnuh khawmhote zawng chu an ni.
Mihring pianzia leh chhungril lam fel lohnate pawh hi heng pawn lam dinhmun
tha lovin a awmtir hi an ni zawk hial awm e. Retheite chhanchhuah an nih theih
nan structure fel lo leh tha lo, system tha lo leh dik lo, a innghahna
value/principle fel lote hi siam that, her dik a tul a, a tihchhiat ngai te, a thlak
ngaite thlak a tul bawk a. Hetiang hi Pathianin chhandamna hna a thawh thin dan
chu niin a lang. Keini pawhin retheite chhanchhuah an nih theih nan a tih dan zuiin
kan thawk tur a ni ang chu.
5.3 Pathian thuin retheite chungchang a sawi dante hre chiang turin
retheite dinhmun atanga Pathian thu kan chhiar, kan zir leh kan ngaihtuah a tul.
Bible-in rethei a tihte hi ‘retheite’ hi an ni e. Khawvelah ‘Pathian ram’ hi
Pathianin thlentir a tum ‘Khawvel ram zawng zawng hi Krista leh a lalna ram’-a
siam hi Pathian chhandamnain a tum a ni tih hi lawm taka pawm mai tur a niin a
lang. Kan zingah a taka a lo lan theihna turin i thawk ang u.

Sawi ho turte :

1. Pathian thuin ‘rethei’ a tih hi taksa dinhmuna retheite hi ni ngeiin kan

hria em?
2. Miretheite retheih dan leh Lal Isua retheih dan inan lohna sawi tur engte
nge? Sawi ho ni sela.
3. Miretheite retheih chhan kan paper-a sawi lante hi dik lo awmin kan
hria em? Eng ber hi nge? Eng vangin nge?
4. Retheihna hi eng nge ni? Sin emaw virtue emawa sawi theih a ni tak
zetin I hria em? Engvangin nge?
5. Retheihna um bo/tihbo hi Pathian chhandamnain a tum ni ngeiin I hria
em? Kohhran Mission pawimawh ber anga ngaih tur a ni ang em?
Bibliography

ABRAHAM, M.V. “ Good News to the poor.” Bangalore Theological Forum, 29

(1987), pp. 1-13.
ANA, Julia De Santa. Towards a church of the Poor.
Geneva : WCC, 1977.
BEACH, Waldo & H.R. Niebuhr. Christian Ethics.
New York: Ronald Press Co. 1955.
BUTTRICK, G.A. (ed) The Interpreters’s Dictionary
of the Bible. New York : Abingdon Press, 1982.
BURGGUIST, James, A. “Good News to the Poor”.
Bangalore Theological Forum. 28 (1986), pp. 1-16
CHUAUTHUAMA, “ Meaning ang Usage of the seleted Hebrew Terms in the Old
Testament.”
(Unpublished B.D. Thesis, 1986).
DICKIOSON, D.N. Poor, Yet Making Many Rich.
Geneva : W.C.C. 1982.
DOUGLASS, I.D (ed) The New Bible Dictionary
Wheaton : Inter-Varsity Press, 1962
DORR, Donald. Spirituality & Justice. Quezen City:
Claretian Publications, 1984.
ELIADA, Mircia, (ed) The Encylopadia of Religion Vol. II New York :
Macmillan Publication, 1987.
GASPAR, Deogo de, World Hunger : A Christian Reappraisal. Geneca :
W.C.C. 1982.
GUTIERREZ, G. Theology of Liberation. London : SCM Press, 1973.
HARRISON, R.K. OLD TESTAMENT TIMES. Grand
Rapids : W.B. Eeerdman Publishing Co., 1974.
GRAY, G.B. Sacrifice in the Old Testament. Kettel,
Gerhard & G.Friedrich (eds) Theological Dictionary of the New Testament.
Grand Rapids : W.M.B.Eerdsmans Publishing Co. 1983.
KURIEN, C.T. Proverty & Development. Madras : CLS, 1974.
LALTHANMAWIA, r. “ Khawtlang thila inhmang tura Pathian thu Lungphum,”
Didakhe. (Sept-Oct. 1986)pp. 2-10.
MABRY, H.P.(ed) Christian Ethics: Introductory
Reader. Kottayam : ITL, 1987.
NABAN, Sonna Your Kingdom Come. Geneva: WCC, 1980.
NIEBUHR, R. The Nature and Estiny of Man.
London, SCM Press, 1943.
OSTHATIOS, Mar. Theology of a Classess Society.
London : Lutterworth Pres, 1979.
PACHUAU, Vanhela. “ Kristian leh a hnathawh,”
Didakhe. (Nov-Dec., 1986)pp.11-13.
RICHARDSON, Alan (ed) A theological Word Book of the Bible. London :
SCM Press,1051.
SIDER, Ronald J. & John. R.W.Scott (ed) Evangelism, Salvation and Social
Justice. Bramcote Notts
Grove Books, 1977.
STOTT, John R.W. Isssues Facing Christians Today.
Bombay : GLS, 1984.
VIENING, Edwards (ed) The Zondervan Topical Bible.
Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1969.

2. MIZORAM KRISTIANTE RETHEIHNA

LEH
A CHHANCHHUAH DAN

“ Consultation on Retheite Chawikan Dan” atana paper ziak tura min

sawmna hi zahawm leh lawmawm tiin, a thupui harsatzia hre chung rengin ka han
ziak ve chawt mai a ni. Kohhran ang ngawtin thil kan thli turah ka ngai lo va, kan
sawrkar leh ram hruaitute pawh finchhuah zel turah ka han ngai ngawt a. kawng
hrang hrang tar lan mi mah se, thenkhatah chuan ngaih dan siam a ni lo va, mipui
ngaih dan lak turah ka ngai a ni.

Retheihna han tih hian a huam zau zawnga ngaihtuah chuan ei leh
bar, sum leh pai, ni tina kan taksa mamawh phuhrukna kawnga kan retheihna
bakah, kan thlarau nun leh chatuan ram thlenga kan retheihna a huam thei ang
a.Mahse, hetianga zauzawnga ngaihtuah tur kan ni chuan ka ring lo. Chuvangin, ei
leh bar, sum leh pai, silh leh fen, ni tina kan taksa mamawh phuhrukna kawnga
kan retheihna hi kan chhut tur chu a ni ngei ang. Tin, “ Kan rethei,” han tih hian,
eng hun nena khaikhin emaw, tute nena khaikhinin emaw a ni duh hle.

Mizoramah hian statistics lam kan tlachham hle mai a. Khawpui

huam chhung (Urban area) per capita income (1983-84) chu Rs 3477.48 a ni a.
Thingtlang lam statistics awm bawk sela, han la khawm tai la chu a hniam duh
awm hlein a lang. Chutianga retheihnain min tuam vel chung pawhin, mi tam tak
phei chuan eng vakah mah kan ngai lo niin a lang. Ni ¾ ruah sura kawng ping
maiah, nghei nghal zel kan nih hi kan hre theuh ang. Khawpui pathuma per capita
income hi chu hniam vak lo mah se, sawrkar hnathawk hlawh leh pawisa thawk
chhuak nasate avanga sang a ni berin ka ring. Dik tak chuan, kan rama tangka
luang lutte hi insemrual deuh ila chuan, hetiang retheihna thuk tak hi tam tak
chuan an dai loh phah ngeiin a rinawm.

Retheihna atanga tlan chhuak tur hian, tangka lama invur thuai dan
ngaihtuah rup rup mai nge pawimawh hmasa thinlung buatsaih, tih hi ngaihtuah a
ngai hle mai. Tunlai hi chuan kan thlarau nun lamah harhtharna ropui takin kan
ram a fang mek niin a lang a; chutih lai chuan, taksa lam ngaihtuah a tul tho si.
Ram hi lo hausa tat hut mai ila,thinlung lam kan buatsaih si loh chuan tlakchhiatna
kawng a ni tho. A lehlamah chuan, thinlung buatsaih vak ila, taksa lamah rethei
hle sir eng ila, engtihna nge ni ang? Mahse, tunah chuan ram hausa zawkte nih ang
ni pha vea, an neih ang nei pha ve turin kan thlarau leh taksa nun hian a phak ve a
ni tih hi kan inhrilhhriata, kan vawn reng a ngai a ni. Hausakna lo thleng pawh a
hman danah kan fimkhur a ngaihzia te hian kan thinlung deng thleng phak sela.
Biak In inzirtirna te hian taksa, rilru, thlarau chhandamna famkim a nih dante hi
uar tel zel sela a duhawm hle ang.

Kan Bible chuan, “ A ram leh a felna zawng hmasa zawk rawh
u…….” a ti a (Mat. 6:83). Hei hi kan innghahna tur a ni. Kan ram chengker taka
cheng, thawh chhuah sawi tur awm si lo; mahse, buhfai nghei lova kana wm ngawt
mai te hi kan rin Lalpa vang a ni. Kan sualna lam sawi chuan kan sawi teuh theih
laiin, Baala hmaa thingthi ngai lo eng emaw zatte zarzovin kan ram hi a la
hmuingil zel a ni zawk. “ A thlahte thlenga chaw khawn pawh ka hmu ngai lo..”
tih hi a takin kan chang zel a nih hi. Engang sawrkar hausa pawh ni se, min vur hle
pawh tum sela, a ram leh a felna zawng hmasa lo kan nih chuan eng mah kan ni
chuang lo vang. Pathian, min enkawltu hian a tawp thlengin min enkawl dawn a ni
tih rin ngama, a duhzawng tih zel hi kan nunna bul a ni. Israel fate “ Manna” petu
kha kan biak Pathian a nia, Lalpa tihtute reng reng kan chan a chhe lutuk ngai lo
vang. Lalpa’n min chhanchhuah dan a hriain min chhanchhuak thin.
He reheihna ata chhanchhuak tur hian eng kawngin nge maw tan kan lak ang
le?
1. Khaw te reuh te te-a chen darhsan nuaia, mahni khawthleng ngainat
hlurna hi tihbo tur niin ka ring nghet tlat a. Mizoramah hian, kan chhiarpui
hnuhnung berah khan mihring 4,93,757 kan awm a. Decinial growth rate chu
48.55 a ni a. Calcutta khawpuiah chuan mi maktaduai 9 zet an cheng a ni.
Mahselanging, tunah kan ramah hian hetiang zat chauh mihring kan
nih si avang hian, a tam berah khaw 10 emaw-ah chauh kana wm khawm tur a
ni ang. Tichuan, entir nan, Vairengte, Kolasib, Aizawl, Serchhip,Thenzawl,
Champhai, mmit, Lokicherra, Tlabung, Lunglei, Lawngtlai, Saiha-ah inhawk
khawm tai la. Sawrkarin tuna a sum sen ang chauh pawh hi seng sela, khawpui
10 emaw chei nan chuan a tawk hle ang. Sikul kan mamawh vek a, engkim mai
khaw lian neih ang kan duh vek si, retheite inchawikang turin a harsat lutuk.
Buai laia Grouping Centre a awmte kha ka lawm hle mai a; mahse, khawthleng
ngainatnain min bual a si. Thinlung hmin takin inbawk khawm ila ka ti ngawt
mai.
2. Retheite chawikan hna nasa taka sawrkar hmalakna a ni a. Kawng
chi hrang hrangin Department hrang hrangin hna an thawk mek zel a ni.
Sawrkar pawisate hi, sawrkar kalphung pangngai ang chuan hman chhuah leh
lak luhte hi, dan leh hrai a tam thin avangte hian hna awlsam zawk nan agency
chi hran hran din tur a ni thin.
Sawrkar anga hmalak mehna pahnih khat han tar lang ila :-
IRDP : He scheme hi, mirethei zual, kum khata Rs 3500/- hnuai lam
la lut chin chawikan nana duanchhuah a ni. Mizorama hmalak dan thlir ila :

(Rs.in lakh)
Kum Expenditure Chhungkaw puih
zat
1978-79 10.00 315
1979-80 15.00 1470
1980-81 15.00 1533
1981-82 60.00 1725
1982-83 80.00 2214
1983-84 154.00 1943
1984-85 167.00 3405
1985-86 127.00 3264
1986-87 300.75 8438
1987-88 267.88 4455
1988-89 183.33 6397
1989-90 18.99 287
(upto 1st . quarter)
1,399.00 35,446
Source : SLMC, Aizawl
Hei hi, scheme tam tak, retheite chhanchhuah nana hman mekte
zinga pakhat a ni. Scheme dang a tam hle.
Heng tangka zozaite hi an vai deuh thaw-in Mizo Kristiante tan a sen
a ni a. Engtiangin nge kan hlawkpui? Chhungkua heti zat chhawmdawl tawh
chuan retheihna hi um bo ni thuai awm a ni.
TRYSEM ( Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment) : He scheme
hnuaiah hian mi 4639 lai, mahnia indap thei turin train tawh an ni.
JRY (Jawahar Razgar Yojona) : He scheme hi a thar a ni a. Retheite
chawikanna scheme bawk a ni. NREP, RLEGP, AMSF te khaikhawmna a ni
ber awm e. Tun mai khan, Aizawl District, 15 Blocks tan ngawt pawh Rs 97
lakhs pek chhuah a ni.
Scheme dang tam tak a awm. Kohhran anga kan tih ve theih eng tak
ni ang maw! Thinlung lam buasaih chu a ni phawt ang le!
Heng zawng zawngah hian a pawimawh ber chu, scheme scheme chi
hrang hrangin a huam dan leh a hawh dan te, chumi atanga malsawmna hmuh
dan kawngte hriat chian hi a ni. Mipuite hi inzirtir fin kan ngai a. Rehei zawkte
hi zirtir ngai hlei hlei an ni fo lehnghal. Chtianga mipui zirtirna pe thei
khawpin sawrkar scheme kalhmangte pawh hi kan Pastor leh Upate hi inzir a
ngai a ni.
A chang chuan Nilai zan thupuiahte hian retheihna umbona scheme
zualte hi chu zir turah hian telh ve chi a ni hial lo’m ni tih te ka ngaihtuah a.

3. Banks : Mizoramah hian Bank harng hrang a lo awm ta neuh

neuh a. Heng Bank ho-te hi retheihna atanga min chhanchhuak turin, beiseina
sang tak neiin, kan ram hruaitute’n mi sawiselna awmthei leh a kaihhnawih thil
awm theite pawh pawisa zo lovin, “Ram tana a that dawn phawt chuan,” tiin
sawrkarah an chhunglut deuh vek hlawm a. Mahselangin, beiseina neih san ang
he hu chuan kan chhawr hlawk lo hle mai.
Kan Mizoram bikah phei chuan State Banks of India hian Branch 18
lai neiin Mizoramah chuan hmahruaitu a ni a. Hei bakah hian UCO Bank leh
Vijaya Bank pakhat v eve a awm bawk a. kan ram bik atan Mizoram Rural
Bank, Mizoram Co-Operative Apex Bank, Mizoram Urban Development Bank
te an awm bawk. Heng Bank-te hi an hnathawh a ropui hle laiin, chhut chian
tur erawh chu a awm. Pawisa khawla Bank-a dah hi kan uar ta hle a; mahse
Bank hian kan ram chhungah hian pawisa a pe chhuak tam tawk ve si lo.
A hnuaia mi hi I han thlir the ang :
Credit Deposit Ratio
As on 30.6.89 (Rs in lakhs)

Bank No.of Deposits Advance C.D. Ratio

Branches
SBI 18 5034.17 1243.67 24.70
UCO Bank 1 457.24 111.02 24.20
Vijaya Bank 1 1033.67 153.07 14.80
Apex Bank 7 1708.02 1050.00 61.50
Mizoram Rural
Bank 44 530.23 417.12 79.00
71 8763.33 2978.23 33.95
Source : Lead Bank officer, Mizoram, Aizawl.
 Khing figure-ah hian eng nge lang thei nghal? Deposit a tam tham ve
tawh nen advance pek chhuah chu a chau angreng hle. Bank thenkhat phei chuan
neinungte’n an puk hnem avanga advance amount hi lian mai niin a lang hlawm
bawk.

Retheite chhanchhuahnaah Bank-te nawr nat deuh dan zawn hi a tul

hlein ka hria. Satna Syndicate Bank, etc. ang kan bawh dan atangin kan riltam dan
a lang chiang hle a ni. India hmarchhak pumpuia Bank Branch pakhatin mipui a
cover zat tur Reserve Bank of India chhut chhuah chu mi 10,000 a ni a.
Mizoramah erawh chuan Bank Branch 71 lai awmin, 65 phei chu thingtlang lamah
a nileh nghal a. Mipui 6740-in Bank Branch pakhat an intawm ang hu a ni. Mahse,
hetih lai hian Bank hi kan chhawr nep hle.

4. Family Welfare : India ram chhungah hian mihring hi kan tama kan pun
chak luat avangin, thuneitute chuan hetiang scheme hi an duangin an hmang ta zel
a. He scheme hnuaiah hian fa neih tlem mai bakah, naupang leh an nute hriselna
chawikang tur zawnga beihna a huama a ni.Mi tam tak chuan, chhungkua hian kan
chawmzawh tawk turf a neih chuan kan rethei bik loving tih ngaihdan neiin tlem
tete an nei a. Chutih laiin, ‘ Mizote kan tlem lutuk chuan hnathawktu tur kan ngai
ang a, phai vai an lo lut ang a, min chim ral ang,’an ti ve bawk a. Ngaihdan hmasa
zawk, mahni chawm zawh tur chiah fa neih tih chu hun rei lo tea tan a tha ang a,
kum zabi 4/5 hnu lamah erawh chuan Mizo hnam hi a awm tawh lo vang, tih ngaih
dan hi a lian hle. ‘ Europe ram thenkhat pawh hi hnam dang chiahpiah luat
avangin an boral thuai ang,’ tih sawi a ni thin.

Ngaihdan tha leh dik zawk hriat a harsa hle a. Mahse, ‘ Mizo
Kristiante,” a nih avangin ffa neih tlem intihhmuh vak mai hi, hun reizawk thlirin,
retheihna ata chhanchhuahnaah tam tak tan ngaih a harsa hle. Hun rei lo te atan,
chhungkua atan chuan ‘chhanchhuahna’ a ni thei. Mahse, ‘Mizo Kristiante’ anga
hun rei zawk ngaihtuah chuan, fa neih tlem zel hi retheihna thuk zawka min hnuk
luttu a ni nge min chhanchhuaktu tih chhut tham a ni.

Family Welfare Programme hlawhtlin dan han thlir ila ( Source :

Statistical Handbook 1985-86 & 86-87).

Items 1985-86 1986-87 Total

Vasectomy 30 2869 2899
Tubectomy 11 2697 2708
IUD inserted 1409 1651 3060
Oral Pills sem 7889 7773 15662
Conventional
Contraceptive sem 79076 77780 156856
 88416 92770 181186

Kohhran angina engtiang kawngin nge tan kan lak ang tih ngaihtuah
a tul hle mai.
Pakhatna-ah chuan, eizawnna kawng hre lote an eizawnna kawng
zawnsaka, councelling pek hi kan tih tur ngeiah ngai ila. Mi thenkhat chuan
eizawnna atan huan/lo nghet te, ranvulh te an han zawh a, mahse, rem hre lo tak
tan chuan hlawk taka thawh a harsa thin. Chvangin, eizawnna kawng kawhhmuh
mai bakah, an kawng zawh tawha thurawn pek ang ngai thin. Hei hi kohhran anga
awlsam taka kan tih theih a ni ang. Chtiang lam buaipuitu bik turte chu tualchhung
Kohhranah Committee bik siam ni se, bawhzui chak theih nan. Chutiang tana mi
tangkai tur mi chu Kohhran tinah an awm ngei ang.

Pahnihna-ah chuan, tualchhung kohhran hian mirethei zual kan neih

te hi chawm in chhawmdawl ta ila. Hostel angrengin enkawl khawm ila, a
chhunga awm chunga an thawh theih tawk tur ruahmansak ta ila. Hawh chhuah tha
tak an nei thuai ang. Entir nan, an chemkalna zawng awm ngaihtuaha, buatsaihsak
ni bawk sela, a that hmel hle. Puanthui thiam tehi tur zirtira, hnangtah lama kal
mite, theih anga zirtira kaihhruai an tha ang.

Pathumna-ah chuan, kut hnathawh hi thil zahthlak a ni lo tih hriattir

an ngai a ni. Mizote hian hna hniam anga ngaih kan nei mai thin a. A bikin,
tlangval tam tak, hnathawh tur nei lo anga lang an tam hle in a lang. Annihohi
thawk chhuak tur an nih laiin eiraltu satliah an ni fo thin. Sawrkar hna emaw, thla
tin hlawh lak tum ngawt hi a ni thei lo va. Hnam changkang ho tih dan angina,
kum puitling an nih tawh chuan an lehkha zirna pawh hi theihtawpa mahni intum
chawp tumna thinlung kan siam a ngai. Mi ina awma, chhiahhlawh anga awm te
hi retheite pawhin an dih thin lo. Mahse, mahni inchawm chawpa lehkha zirna
emaw, chhungte tanpuina emaw a nih dawn chuan hna zahthlak a ni lo tih inzirtir a
tul.

Palina-ah chuan, Mizoramah rethei zual ngawih ngawih hi a tlangpui

thua han enin, Kohhran mumal nei lo, eng mah ngaihsak nei lo leh ram dang atang
a lo pem lut an nih duh hmel hle. Chutiang a nih phei chuan, hnam dang lo lut tur
danna kawngah Kohhrante hian ham kan lak a hun lo’m ni?

Sawrkar ang pawhin nasa takin tan la-in, regeistration fel tak neia
beih mek niin a lang a. Burma lam leh khawi lai atangin emaw nun dan leh rin dan
hrang hrang lo lutte hian mihring anga kan khawsakhona leh kan thlarau nun pawh
hi a khawih ngei ang. Suahsualna emaw, thlarau lamah emawa extremism an tih
angte hi khawi lai atanga lo chhuak nge? Chung chuan retheihna-ah min hruai lut a
ni lo’m ni? Chu vangin, sawrkar hmalak mekna, ramdangmite chungchanga rilru
put dan hi Kohhran angina thiam a tul hle ang.
 Pangana-ah chuan, Kohhranin nge YMA-in retheite chawikan,
chhawmdawl nan hian sum seng hnem zawk ang tih chhut ka chak hle mai a. Ka
theihnain a tlin si lo. Mahni tualchhung theuh chhut ta ila kan hre chiang maiin ka
ring. Kohhran ang hi chuan, mahni Kohhran inhung bik chhungah chauh
rawngbawlna hi a kal duh hle mai a. Hengte hian kan Pathianin min zirtir dan a
kalh em tih ka ngaihtuah thin.

Khawpuiah ngat hian chuan, “ An rethei em a, i tanpui teh ang u,”

han tih tur hi an awmin ka ring lo. Kan harsa theuh nachungin, zokhaw lam ang
chu kan ni lovin ka ring.

Sawi ho turte
1. Kan ramah te reuh tetea inthendarh ai hian khaw lian deuhva insiam zel
zawk hi changkanna a ni tih hi eng chenin nge a dik?
2. Fa neih tlem beihpui hi Mizoramah hian a hlawhtling hle mai a. Hei
hian retheihna atangin min chhanchhuak ang nge min man nghet zel
zawk ang?
3. Retheihna atanga inchhanchhuah nan hian thinlung lam nge pawimawh
hmasa zawk tangka?
4. Mahni Kohhran theuhvah Kohhran anga kan tanlakna hi Retheihna ata
chhanchhuahna kawngah a tawk kan ti em le?
5. Sawrkar scheme hrang hrangte hi tangka sen tam ang huin a hlawhtling
lo hlein a lang hlawm a: Eng kawngin nge Kohhran angina heng scheme
tha takte hi hlawhtling tura kan puih theih ang?
6. Kohhran anga kan tih ve theih mai tur kawng hrang hrangte engtin nge
ni ang le?
BUNG II

SUMDAWNNA LEH SUMDAWNNA KAWNGA

INKAIHHRUAINA

1. MIZORAM SUMDAWNNA TUN HMA LEH TUNLAI

British hun hma

Sumdawnna hian thil lei leh hralh, dehchhuah leh phurh kualvelnate
hi a huap a. Pawisa hman a nih hmain, bungrua leh bungrua inthleng tawnin,
sumdawn a ni vet ho va. THil man bithliah dan erawh a harsain a inang lo nual a
ni. Mizote pawhin sial emaw, vawkpui emaw te kha thil khat zawng thehkhawng
nan ang hmang thin. Nupui man chu sial chuti zat a ni tih te kan hre thin. Chung
hun lai chuan sumdawn theih dan kawng a tlem hle a, hmun hla deuh va thil phei
chu tihngaihna awm lo tluk a ni. Mizote’n pawisa hmel an hmuh tan hun tak hi
hriat a harsa hle a. Thir leh Dara siam hmanrua an neihna chu hun rei tawh tak a ni
a. Engtia lak luh nge an nih tih a hriat hleihtheih loh va, phai ram atanga lak a nih
a rinawm. Kum 1835 hma lamah kha chuan Silai an la nei lo. Vai lian lo do nan
silai an hmang ngei a; Lushai-hote’n Chin ramah silai an hralh thin tih
Administration report 1892-93-ah khan a chuang a. Kum 1897 atang khan License
pek an ni. Tin, dan lova Chin rama silai hralh ruk chu 106 lai a ni tih report-ah
hian hmuh a ni bawk. Heng silaite hi 50% atanga 100% vel hlepa hralh thin a ni
tih sawi tel a ni bawk.

Tichuan, British awm hma kha chuan Mizote tan sum dehchhuah
theihna kawng inhawng a tlem hle. A harsa leh khawsa theite chub uh leh bal thar
tam leh ran vulha hmuingilte leh sa kap theite kha an ni mai a. Khawlkhawm
ngaihn vak a awm lo va, deh ral dan mumal tak, sakhuana nena inzawm tlat a awm
thung a. Hausakna vawrtawpin a hlawh chhuahsak chu- Thangchhuahpa,
Zaudawhpa nih kha a ni. Neih khawl tam aiin hman ral tam lamah inel a ni. Thatna
lai a neih pakhat chu- mipuiin zar an zo thei kha an ni. Tunlaiah erawh
chuankhawl khawm tam thei apiang hausa leh hmingthang an ni a, mipuiin kan
eipui phak ta lo a ni. Taimak, huaisen leh tlawmngaihahte hmingthanna an zawng
a, rual an el thin.

Ram leilung leh vantlang nunphung a inzawm hle a. Mi-awmthei leh

thei lo inkar pawh a tilang fiah hle a ni. Dai kil retheite’n lo neih tur mi dangin an
thlan fel vek hma chuan an thlang ngam ngai lo va. Khawtlangah dinhmun
chungnung leh thil tithei bik hlawm lian tak an awm a. Heng mite nun zia leh awm
dan hian khawtlang nun pawh a kaihruai hle thin. Hausakna leh sum dehchhuahna
hnar awm chhun leilung hamthatna bik an chang a, awmthei, Mual-kil-Upa an ni.
Thi-beh-pa, aawmthei thu-zai-zap-thei-pa an ni. Khawvel hausaknain mihring
nunah thu a sawi thui hle tih a hriat theih awm e.

British hun
Kum 1891 vel atanga Britishin hmunan rawn khuar tak khan chhiah
pawh chawi tan a lo nit a. Chhiah chawi a ngaih tak si-ah chuan, mipuite kutah
pawisa luan thlentir a ngai ta nghal a. Sawrkarin hlawh neiin mi a ruai ta nual a,
inhlawhfaknate pawh a lo awm chho ve zel a. Chung pawisa luang lut chuan
bazaar thil pawh lei a nita thuai a. Loneitute kutah pawisa fai a thleng ve thei ta
thuai a ni. Administrative Report, North Lushai Hills-a kan hmuh angina, kum
1917 khan Lushai sumdawng pakhat chuan fu huan zau tak a siam a, bazarah
mound 20 lai a hralh, tih kan hmu. Tin, Pu Khamliana, Lungleng lal pawhin a
coffee thar bazarah a hralh tih ziak a ni bawk. Sairangah sawrkarin Serthlum huan
a siam leh mi mal huan tam tak a awm thu a lang bawk. Tichuan, kum 1917 vel
atang khan Monetized Economy tih theih a ni vet a a; sum veivak erawh chu a
tlem em em tih a hriat thung a ni. Dawrkai an awm tan a, regular income nei an
awm nual ta bawk.

Hetianga pawisa hman lar a lo nih tak chinah chuan, pawisa neitute
lei duh zawng apiang kha dehchhuah lar a lo nit a a. Thei leh Thlai bakah thelret,
thalrit, khawihnun, chi, zampher, thir, laduang leh rante hralh leh lei ber an ni.
Pawisa hian thingtlang hmun tinreng a fan chhuak chak lo hle a. Cheng 2 lek
chhiah chawi tur pawh kha, tam tak tan hmuhchhuah dan tur kawng a harsa hle a
ni.

Indopui I zawh atang kha chuan pawisa a luang tam lehzual a; neih
khawl (wealth of possession) tumna rilru a lo awm tan a, thil chin hlui, neih zawng
zawng deh ral (wealth of disposal) thinna thinlung kha a reh tan ta a. Electrict
Torch te, second hand te, kawrchung te, lukhum parh te, nihliap, mangai
pheikhawk te, dawhkan leh chair-te neih theih an chak em em a. A hman
tangkaina hlutpui (pride of utilization) lamai mahin, neitheipa nih duhna (pride of
possession) rilru kha a lian tan ve ta hle a. Ram pawn bazarah an duhzawng a lo
tam tual tual a, sum zawnna kawng leh nunphung pawhin khan ram pawn
dawrkaite ziarang a pu chak hle a ni.
 Indopui II-a sum luang tam tak kha chuan Mizoram a rawn chim
thleng ve ta hle a. Hna a pung a, sum lakluhna kawng a lo inhawng zau ta hle
bawk a. Ch vang chuan, sumdawng tan thil hralhna pawh a lo awm ve tan a.
Nghawngkawla bungrua phurin mi tam tak an sumdawng tan thei ta. Dawrkai, ei
zawn nana hmang an lo awm ve taka tang khan khawpui leh thingtlang nun pawh
a lo inang lo ta hret hret a. kut hnathawk lova ei zawng theite chu vantlang chung
lamah ruat an ni.

Independent achin

Independent hnua Autonomous District Council kan neih

takah khan sawrkar hna a lo pung a, ram tihhmasawnna nan sum pawh pek kan ni
vet a nual a. Sumdawngte tan pawh bungraw chi hrang hrang zawrhna tur hun
remchang a lo awm vet a zel a. Vai ram atangin ei chawp thil kan la lut meuh lo.
Buhfai, Vaihlo zawrhte kha sumdawnna lar tak a ni mai awm e. Vawiina dawrkai
hausa tak takte pawh hi chutiang zuara bul tante chu an ni. Japan ral len zarzova lo
hausa tate sawi tur an awm bawk. Amaherawhchu, tunlai angina sawrkar khan thil
lei a nei tam lo va. Sumdawnghote sawrkarah innghat an awm lo. Taimakna leh
thawhrimna avanga hlawhtlingte an ni ber hlawm mai
Mihausa leh rethei dinhmun a inthlau lo viau va mimir nunphung
hrim hrim a rual tlang hle. Politician leh sawrkar hnathawkte erawh chuan hma a
hruai tan tih a hriat a. Office kai chin reng reng chu kan ngai babu hle a ni.
Mivengva leh sum nei deuhte chuan ram pawh an lo ngah tan a, tun hunah phei
chuan an hlawkpui ta hle a. Ram neih tamah pawh kan intlansiak nasa ta hle a ni.
Mipui kan pun tam hnu phei chuan ram leh hmun a lo hlu taul tual a, Asset
investment-na (sum hnar) pawimawh tak an lo nit a bawk. Pa thiltithei chinte tan
tan lakna bulpui tak pakhat a tling reng a ni.

India ram Five Year Plan chhunga Mizoram hmasanna tura pawisa
lo luang lut a pung chak em em a. Plan leh Non-Plan Expenditure-ah then a ni a, a
hnuaia kan tar lan hi chu Plan Outlay a ni.

Rs. In Crores
Name of Plans Original Actual
Outlay
Expenditure
1. First Five Year Plan (1951-56) N.A 0.06
2. Second Five Year Plan(1956-61) N.A 2.11
3. Third Five Year Plan (1961-66) N.A 4.11
4. Fourth Five Year Plan (1966-74) 15.19 9.30
5. Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-79) 46.50 48.73
6. Sixth Five Year Plan ((1980-85) 130.00 149.30
7. Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-90) 260.00 344.50
 TOTAL 558.11

Heta tar lan bakah hian, kan State Budget-a tel lo, Central Institution
atanga lo kal a awm bawk a. Post and Telegraph, All India Radio, Defence, BRTF,
NEHU leh Bank-hote hi chu Central Budget hran an ni. Chu vang chuan, pawisa
lo luang lut hi a tam hle tih a hriat; hei bakah hian, Non-Plan expenditure, kan plan
hman ral aia tam zawk hi a lo luang lut bawk a ni. Chung pawisate chu kawng
hrang hrangin chhungkaw tinah a lo luang lut a.

Income distribution policy fel taka siam a ni thin a. Engtin nge

rualkhai zawka miten’n pawisa an lo lak luh ve ang tih ngaihtuahin, chhiah chi
hrang hrangte leh tanpuina hrang hrangte siam a ni. CCentral Investment subsidy
pawh unit 1925 zet hnenah pek an ni. Sumdawnna (trade) chi hrang 26 vel lai a
khuh a, kum thum (1985-1987) chhung ringawt khan Rs. 6,00,74,857.00 tanpuina
(CIS) pek chhuah tawh a ni. Tin, Industrial loan pawh sumdawnna chi hrang 38 lai
tan Rs.11,63,05,709.00, 1987 thlenga pek chhuah tawh a ni bawk.

First Plan chhunga Development pawisa kan hman ral zawng zawng
chu cheng nuai 6 a ni a, kum tinin cheng nuai khat leh sing hnih hmang ang kan ni.
Kum 1990-91 Annual Plan-ah hian crore 125 n ni a, chu chu plan pakhatna kum
khat chhunga kan hman let 13425 a ni. Plan 7-na-ah hian plan khat chhunga kan
hman let 6,075 lai hman ral a nit a bawk a. Henga kan hman ral hi ram hmasawnna
tur bika buatsaih, Economic Infrastructure siamna tur a ni a. Mizoramin thil kan lo
deh chhuah tam ve-a, ke-a kan din theihna tura development pawisate hi pek kan
ni. Kawngpui leh power-te inbuatsaiha, hmasawnna danga chhun zawm zel tur a
ni. Mahse, kan sawrkar kutkawih ngat atang chuan engmah vak tihhlawhtlin a la
awm lo. Hisapna satliah atang chuan cheng 100 zelah hian cheng 20 vel chauh
hi hnathawh nana hman ni awmin a lang. A dang cheng 80 erawh hi chu
Politician, Contractor, Manager, leh Supplier-te kutah a kal ni awm tak a ni.
A chhan chu-mi mal, pawisa hmang nasa em em, an thawh chhuah lai awm kan
hriat theih mai si loh an tam hle a. Business sawi tham em em nei si lo mah se,
hausa tlat mai kan tam si-ah hian, ram hmasawnna lang chak thei lo nen thil
awmzia chhut chhuah theih chu niin a lang.

Development pawisa lo luang lut tam hian mihring nun a khawi nasa
hlein a lang. Thenawmpa hausa leh khawsak sang deuh mai tluk ve tuma
intlansiakna a nasa hle a. Hei hi Demonstration effect an ti a, thil lei leh thil neih a
inen tawn uar em em hnam kan ni. Chu vangin, sumdawnna khawvelah hian,
Sakhua, Culture leh hnam kan danglamnate phum bovin thawh ho thiam tak kan
ni; suma hlawkna kan hmuh theih dawn phawt chuan eng mi mai pawh hi unauah
kan pawm hnial lem lo niin a lang. Hnam dang Permanent Trade License nei
Aizawl-ah 32, Lunglei-ah 32, Sairang-ah 3, Demagiri-ah 11 lai an awm.
Temporary Trade License nei pawh mi 125 lai heng khaw hrang hrangah hian an
awm bawk. Chu bakah chuan, Mizo hming hawha dawrkai mi 142 Aizawl
khawpuiah hian awm mek nia hriat an ni.

Thil neih inentawn leh intihhmuh hi kan tlan chakna tak kawng
pakhat a ni. Incheina-ah phei chuan a style thar apiang kan bawh ruih ruih zel a,
pheikhawk sang miin an bun chuan bun ve ngei ngei turah kan ngai a.
Kekawrtlawn pawh a zuih leh a arh, a hun lai chuan kan ha vek ringawt mai a ni.
Puan chi hrang hrang mak tak tak kan ha chhuak thar reng mai bawk. Heng thil nei
tur hian aman to leh tlawm lampang kan ngaihtuah hauh lo niin a lang. Motor
pawh hi, population proportion-a lak chuan, a nei ngah ber khawpui kan ni hial
awm e. A leina khawp pawisa kan hmu hlauh a nih chuan mi In luah chung
pawhin kan lei thei mai a ni. Tunah hian Taxi 1,021 lai Aizawl khawpuiah hian
tlantir a ni. Tunah Town Bus 95 leh Bazar Bus hrang hrang 40 vel lai a awm
bawk. Private Bus kan neih zawng zawng chu 257 a ni a. Sawrkar ta 194 a awm
bawk.

Truck chi hrang hrang pawh Private-ah 1137 leh sawrkar ta 532 lai a
awm. Kum 10 kal ta main en pawh khan khaikhin ila, a inang lo hle awm e. In
pawh kan sat ha sawt hle a, concrete In neih deuh vek kan tum tan leh ta. Rei lo te
chhungin Aizawl Khawpui hmel a danglam thuai thuai mai. Mizoram kan thang
chak a, Pathian malsawmna kan dawng kan tih chhan ber pawh a ni awm e.

Mizoramah sum kan hmuh atanga thil kan lei leh hralh dan tlangpui
lo chhut tai la, Dawrkai thil zawrh zawng zawng tih theih hi State pawn atanga lak
luh a ni a. Kum 1989 chhung khan Buhfai 88,293.5 MT kan la lut a,wheat
12,720.3 MT leh chini 34,770 MT kan la lut bawk. Chu bakah, Tel hi cheng nuai
360 man lai kan lei thin bawk. Heng zawng hi crore 60 lai a ni a. Vairengte atanga
Aizawl phurh thlen nan hian crore 3 lai sen a ni. Mizoram puma phurhvelna
ringawt hi crore 12 lai niin hriat a ni. Tiang hian State pawisa chu a luangchhuak
ziak thin. Thil mak tak pakhat chu kan eiral tam lutuk hi a ni. Mizo mipuiin kan
kum khat tla tawka ngaih chu 80,000 MT a ni a; mahse, kan lak luh ngawt pawh
wheat chhiar telin, 1,01,014Mt lai a ni a. Hemi bakah hian 40,000 mt vel buh
tharin kan insawi bawk si a. A chhan leh vang ngaihtuah tham tak a ni.

Dawrkai hausa pangngai chin hi chuan thla tinin Rs.3,00,000/- man

aia tlem lo bungrua an la lut a. Ni tinin Rs 2,000/- atanga 20,000/- vel man an
hralh chhuak bawk. A hralh lehna man zawng zawng zaa 90 dawn lai hi chu phai
lamah a let leh vek thin a ni. In sakna hmanrua tam ber leh raw-material, Industry-
in a hman chi hrang hrangte pawh hi State pawn atanga lak luh an ni. Heng sum
hman ral zawng zawng hi state chhunga hman ni se chuan mi tam tak tan
employment (hnathawhna), Industry neitute’n an siam thei ang a, chhungkaw tam
takin an thil deh chhuah hralhna tur an hmu thei bawk ang a, kan economy hi a
thang nasa hle tawh tur a ni. Mahse, ram chhungah kan sumin hna a thawh loh
avangin thil dehchhuah a pung lo va, leilung hausakna kan hai chhuak thei bawk
lo va, kan economy a thang chak thei hauh lo a ni.

Pawisa hi mi mal min tizalentu pawimawh tak a ni. Intodelh theia

min sum a lo lak luh hian a nun a zalen a, mahni duh dan ang angina a tal phah
thin. Mizo khawtlang nun pawh a danglam phah nasa hle tawh a ni. Tunlai phei
chuan, nute pawh kum 40 an tlin hmain an fa naupang berin sikul a kal tan tawh a.
Vanglai takin, In chhung hlamchhiahin pawn lamah a in hmang thei tawh a.
Nutling la thalai tak tak, sumdawnga zinvel leh dawr hmuna chetla an tam tae m
em a ni. A hmaa kan sawi tawh angin, rual el a na a, sumah thahnem kan ngai hle
a, kan khawtlang nunzia (moral life) pawhin tawrhna tam tak a nei tan ta.

Sumdawnna-ah kan mizia hi a la puitling lo em em bawk.

Vawilehkhata hausak thur maina kawng kan zawng nasa a. Loan lak kan huai a, a
rulh leh lamah kan tha lo em em. ZIDCO Loan pawh hi zaa 27 recovery rate a ni.
Tin, thil eng emaw hlek a danglamin Bazar thil man a sang chak em em mai.
Remchang a awm phawt chuan thil dik zawk ngaihtuah lova hlawkna lampang
ringawt um kan ni fo mai. Thil leitute pawh hi a man to hrim hrim hian min hip
nasa hle. Thuamhnaw leh incheina-ah a ni bik. Thil pangngai reng pawh a man
hniam aia a man tihsan vanga hralh theih phah a awm fo bawk. Hei hi Branch
hrang hrang kan hriatthiam loh thilah a ni bik.

Lehlamah chuan, min dawrtute dawnsawn leh kaihhruai thiamna kan

tlachham em em thung. A help um ringawt kan nih avangin kan business thatna tur
leh rin mai theihna tur pawh ngaihtuah nachang kan hre lo, tlachawp thilin kan kal
mai mai a ni.

Kan kalphung dang leh pakhat chu sawrkar department-in thil

enkawlna (Department Management System) an chelh hi a ni. Industry, Supply,
Transport, Agriculture and Allied, Forest leh PWD department ten an thil enkawl
tam tak hi chu corporation-a tih theih a ni. Sawrkar hnuaiah chuan hlep a ni emaw,
hloh a ni emaw tu ma’n pawiti an awm lo. Kan ramah hi chuan a enkawltu tur bera
ngaihte kha a rawk tu ah an tang tlat mai. Eng deparment mah hian help an hlawh
chhuak zo lo a ni. Kan pawisa hmanral za-a 20 vel chauh hi hnathawh nan
department thenkhatah hi chuan hman a ni mai thei kan tih tawh kha. A dang, za-a
80-te hi chu a enkawltu contractor leh politician-te kutah a luang ral a ni. Hei hian
sumdawnna, lian takin a nghawng a ni. Aizawl chhungkaw intlansiakna ber pawh,
thil ti thei leh milian laka tlaktlum a ni. Kha lama tlan thei chin kha chu eng emaw
tit ala luh ve dan kawng dapa hmanhlelh kan nit a. Lobbyist group an tih ang deuh
hi kan nit a ber mai. India ramah he nunzia hi a lar em em a; mahse, inelna a nasa
em em a; lal chhungkua hnaih thei nih a har a, a circle pawh a insawr zim tual tual
thin. Mizoramah pawh hian inner circle-a luh theih chu a harsa tial tialin a lang.
He kalphung hian dinhmun inthlauhna a siam thuai a chu chuan servive attitude (
Mi tlawmna, chung enna rilru) a siam thin, a pawi hle a ni.
 Sawrkar department-in thil a lei tam em em a, mi tam tak
sumdawnna pawh Mizoram sawrkara supplier hna hi a ni. Bazar rate aiin
sawrkarin thil a leina rate hi a tha bik a; chu vangin, sawrkara thil supply theitu nih
chu a nihlawhthlak hle a ni. Sawrkarin thil hrang hrang a lei thin supplier nih pawh
kan inchuh nasa hle thin. Sum lakluhna tha, hlep hmuh tam theihna a nih a vangin
a hna pe theitu pawh kan bawr nasa hle a ni. Mi tam tak lo ding chhuak ho pawh hi
sawrkara thil hralh thei ho an ni. Chu vangin, tuna kan dinhmunah chuan, miin
Industry emaw, thil dang dehchhuah a lo neih dawn pawhin sawrkarah order a
hmu thei dawn em tih hi chhut a ngai lo. Sawrkarah contract thawk hnem apiang
an hausa chak thin tih kan hria. State pawn atanga supply lo kal chi hrang hrang hi
chu hnam dang deuh vek contractor an ni. Department reng rengin equipment,
tools, etc. an leina a ni bik. Tin, manufacture-a thil dehchhuah kan neih pawh hi
pawn lam mi rinchhana tih deuh vek bawk a ni.

Agriculture lama kan thar chhuah thil hralhna a tha lo hle a. A zawrh
hun laiin an tam em em a, man hniam tetein hralh a ni thin. Ni tin deuhthaw a man
hi a danglam thei a ni. Chu vangin, loneitue’n an tum ang leh an hisap angina an
hralh thei lo va, mangan hralh (distress sale) an tawk zing em em. Ei khawp pawh
thar lo mah se pawisa fai mamawhna avangin hralh a tul thin. Damdawi,
thawmhnaw leh sikul naupang zirlai but e, lohtheihlohvin mamawh a ni si a,
chhungkaw ei tur ai pawh dehral ngaih chang a awm thin a ni. Markett tha tawk
leh storage facility (dahkhawmna) tha tawk neih a tul chuti lo chuan, loneitute an
mangang fo lo thei lo a ni. A bikin, thingtlang atanga rawn phur luttute mangang
taka siam an ni chawk thin.Chutiang bawkin, Mizoram atanga phai lama zuartute
pawh Marwari-te’n harsatna siam chawpin man man lo tak takin hralhtir an ni. Ni
tin kan ei tur mamawh, kuta thawkchhuaktute hna reng reng hi hmuhsitawmah kan
ngai a, a zawrh thlengin hna zahawm lo bik niin kan hre ta a ni awm e. Khawpui
mite’n thingtlang mi an nuihzatna ber pawh kut hnathawka ei zawng mi an nih
vang a ni.

Kan sawi tawh angina, Mizoramah sumdawnna tlangpui chu zawrh

chhawn (distributive activity) a ni a. Sumdawngte’n a siamchhuaktute hnen
atangin bungrua an lei a, hmun hrang hrangah an hralh leh a, hetiang chi-a
sumdawnna hi USA-ah pawh an sumdawnna zawng zawng 40 p.c lai a ni. A then
chu company thil hralhin, an hralhna atanga eng emaw at ei ve ringawtin agen hna
an thawk a ni. Sumdawng thenkhat erawh chu retailer ang deuhva hmunleh hmun
atanga bungrua la chhawng chawpte an ni bawk. Hausa deuhte chuan hmun hrang
hrangah dawr (chain stores) an siam a. mi dang ti ve turte tan hmun awm mang lo
khawpa sumdawnna hmun neih an tum tan ta. Mi dang lo luh vena tur kawng
tihpin an tum thin a ni. Chutih laiin, Sale-tax chawitir an lo ni veta a. Mihausa
thenkhat chuan thla tlin hlawh pein mithiam an ruai a, statement fel tak an
buatsaih a. An duh tawk, mawi an tih tawk chiah an chawi mai dawn ni awm tak a
ni. Dawrkai hausa lo zawk bawk hian an phu tawkah an chawi hnem leh mai dawn
niin a lang.

Aizawl Bazarpui hmun hi tunah chuan a lun ta hle a. Inrinni hi chuan

mi 1800 vel thil zuartu hrang hrang an thu thin a, ni pangngaiah erawh hi chuan mi
100 aia tam deuh thil zuartu an awm thin. Fur lai tak hi chuan Mizoram thlai thar
an zuar deuh ber a, phai lam atanga lo kal chu tlem te zawk a ni. Thal lai erawh
chuan phai aanga lakluh deuh vek a nit hung. Bazar-a thu pakhat hian Rs 200/-
atanga Rs 1000/- dawn lai man vel an zuar a. A tlangpuia chhutin, sum nusi 7
atanga 10 vel a vir kual nitin thin a ni. Chu chuan chhungkaw 3000 vel lai
intunnunna a lo siamsak a ni. Tun hma lam ai khan sa pawh hralh chhuah tlem
zawk a ni. Chawlhkar ni pangngaiah hi chuan vawk 5 emaw vel chauh talh a ni a,
tun hma deuh kha chuan vawk 10 vel tal chu talh ziah a ni. Ran hri tha lo a len
vang nge, hmun hrang hrangah zawrhna hmunte a lo awm tak vang, hriat chiah
phei chu a har. Kan consumption habit a lo danglam tak vang pawh a ni mai thei
bawk. Tin, Bazar hmun hian hma a sawn ve zel a, mihring nunzia pawh a danglam
ve hret hret zel. Thutna inchuh buai te, anhnah tel inpawh darhsak ang chi te leh
zuruia buaina siam ang thin te kha vawiinah chuan hmuh tur a awm ta lo tluk a ni.

Tin, Bazar hi mi chi hrang hrangte intawh khawmna hmun a ni a; a

tlangpuiin, lehkha chhiar tlem mi an ni. An nun leh an hriatna kaihruaitu ber pawh
Bazar titi a ni. Titi thiam leh thu sawi thiamte thu an pawm thuai thuai a, thil
danglam deuhvin an rilru a dek hma hle bawk. Chu vangin, khawlai leh Bazar
hmun thu hian mipui nun a kaihruai thin. Hlawkna tur leh pawisa hmuh awlsam
theihna kawnga inzirtirna phei chuan a hneh awlin bum pawh nuam tak an ni.
Amaherawhchu, mihring hmel han thlir in bazaar ni tin eichawp tete zawng thinte
hi dawrkai hausa te ai chuan an nun a zangkhaiin a hlim zawk. Rualelna rilru hah
an neih loh vang a ni thei awm e.

State kan lo neih vela tang khan dawrkai hrang hrang, thingtlanga mi
leh khawpui a mite’n pawisa van thu an sawi theuh mai, Mizorama pawisa lo lut a
pun a pun chhoh zel lai si hian; a chhan hriat hle a ni. Rin thuin han sawi tai la;
pakhatnaah chuan, pawisa kan hman pawp pawpna rilru kha a lo danglam ta a ni
mai thei. Pawisa nei tlem chuang lovin kan hmang ral tlem ta a, khawl(saving)
tumna a lo lian ta zawk a ni thei. Pahnihnaah chuan, kan consumption habit a lo
danglam ta a ni thei bawk. Thuamhnaw leh bungrua leh ei lampanga sen hnem aiin
nawm chenna leh luxurious goods lamah kan hmang tam ta a ni thei bawk. Zu leh
Drug-ah te, hotel lama nuam tawl nan te, pawisa hi a luang ral hnem ta hle. Tin,
television, video, car, scooter, electronic appliances-te leh foreign thil tha ak takte
kan lei uar ta bawk. Kan thil lei dan kalphung hian kan rama sumdawng tam takte
hi a thlawh khum ta bawk a ni. A pathumnaah chuan, state sawrkar thuneihna lo
sang ta avang hian mithiltitheite’n sawrkar sum hi an thut bet hneh ta a ni thei
bawk. Mipui vantlang hmuh ve phak a tlem tual tual a, mihausate kuta pawisain
Mizoram a kal kan leh si a ni thei. Sum hi a insem rual loh hle chuan, khawilai
emaw (sector) chuan a tuar a; sector dang erawh chuan a thatpui thung a ni. Chu
vangin, bazaar thil nepnawi tete hralh hleithei lo mah sela, Maruti car te, T.V. te
Video te chu hralh a nuam hle reng thung a ni. Hemi avang hian kan sawrkar
kalphung leh vantlang inrelbawlnate (institutions) hi siam that a hun a ni,
sumdawnna innghahna bul a ni si a.

Sawi ho turte

1. Khawvel dang nen sumdawnna kawngah kan inpawh (contact) nasat

avang hian kan Mizo nunzia (culture) hi eng angina nge a danglam?
2. Kan value system (Ngaihsanzawng) hi kan mihausate leh roreltute hian
eng chenin nge an kaihhruai?
3. Permit, License ngai tam lutuk hian kan sumdawnna eng chenin nge an
nek chep? Awm lo se a tha zawk ang em?
4. Luxury thil (Nawmsakna) hi kan hnam hian kan ngaisang lutuk bike m?
Eng chenin nge khawtlang nun a khawih pawi? Engtin nge kan inzirtir
ang?
5. Sum, awlsam taka kan hmuh thin (Easy money) hian Work Ethics a
tichhiain kan hria em?
2. SUMDAWNNAIN MIZO NUN A KHAWIH DAN

Sumdawnna han tih hian, Mizoram chungchang bik kan thlur dawn
avangin, Sum hmanga lei leh hralh tih nan kan hmang deuh ber ang. A pung uma
puktir emaw, bank-a dah pun emaw, hna peng danga sum tawh chetna lam chu
sawi sen a nih dawn loh avangin dah tha phawt ila. Tuna kan thlur tur hi chu,
sumdawnnain a chhe lam a tha lama Mizote nun a khawih dan a ni ang a; hetiang
lama statistics emaw, thil record rin tlak tha emaw a awm meh loh avangin, a
tlangpui deuhvin kan thlir dawn a ni.

India ram indan hma kha chuan kan rama sumdawnna hi chu a la
tein a la naupang hle. Tangka sum an hmelhriatna pawh a la rei lo. Kum 1891 vela
Sap-hovin Mizoram an rawn laka an awp ngheh lai khan, In tinah Cheng hnih
chiah chawi an phut a; kha kha mipui nawlpui chuan tangka kan hmelhriat chianna
chu a ni chauh awm e. Kha chhiah phut duh lo khan Mizo lal (nu) pakhat Pi
Ropuiliani chuan Chittagong Jail-ah a tan hlum phah thak tih kan hria.

Independent hmaa Zoram sumdawnna chuan a huap zim hle. Zoram

dehchhuah, heng-thelret, serthlum, la leh thlai thenkhatte chu vaiho hnenah an
hralh thin a. Ram pawn lam atangin an mamawhte an chaw lut thung thin. India
ram ril zawk an thleng pha meuh lo va, Hringchar (Silchar) leh Sihlet (Sylhet),
ram thenkha an dawr ber. Heng bakah hian, Burma lam atangin eng eng emaw an
chaw thla bawk a, a hlawk phian awm lehnghal e.

Sumdawnnaah hian rinawm a harin chin tawk neih a harsa hrim hrim
nge ni, mi rilru hmanhmawh hnam kan nih avangin thlemna te a sang bawk nge ni,
kan sumdawn tirh lam pawh khan thil dik lo leh fel lo sawi tur a awm nghal pang
mai a. Thelret hlum an zawrhahte chuan thil eng eng emaw an lo phum ru thin a.
Chu chuan an sumdawnna kha a tileihnawng nasa hle a. Zoram atanga an
thawnchhuah, la telah te chuan, mai te, ba pui te an lo phum rut a thin tih Pu
Lalbuaia’n min hrilh. Mizote hi hnam rinawm tak angina kan insawi thin si a, kan
lo rinawm tak tak lem lo nge ni, sumdawnna hmanga hnam dang ze tha lo kan lo
kai nge, sumdawnnaa kan rilru hmanhmawh luat leh hlawk kan um luatna hian
khua min hmuhtir ta lo tih pawh chhut tham a awm.

Eng pawh ni se, sum thu-ah hi chuan, tun hnai mai ni lo, hnam atang
tawhin rinawm harsa kan ti deuh ni chuan a lang. Amaherawhchu, heng hnam
dangte nena insumdawn tawnna hian rah tha tak a chhuah ve bawk a, chu chu rual-
elna a ni. Tlawngphaiah khuan serthlum huan zau tak an siam a, cheng singhnih lai
lei hmante pawh an awm a, a tam ta hlauh va, a rem leh zo ta a. rem lo seng chuan
vawiin thlenga kan sum hnar tur hi a ni a. Thelret sumdawnna chuan phurna a cho
chhuak tha hle a. Lungleng lal Khamliana phei chuan a In velah Thelret kung a
phun khat tlat a, tun thlengin a la ngaw khung mai a ni-a suak a lo ni hlauh mai
pawh a. Suak lo phei se chuan dinchhuahpui tham a phun.

Indian hnu

India ram a lo indan tirh kha chuan Mizoram hian hriat a hlawh lo
hle a. Amaherawhchu, zawi zawiin ram hnasawnna atan pawisa a lo lut tam ve tial
tial a. Five Year Plan 4-naah phei chuan chanvo kan lo nei vet a hial a. Sum hmel
a lan tam takah chuan sumdawnna pawh a thang ve hrat hrat a. Mihring lo pung
chho zelah leh khawsak lo sang chho tial tial avangin mamawh a lo pung ve tial
tial a; chung mamawhte phuhru tur chuan, sumdawnna pawh a thang chho ve zel
a. Kawtchhuah dang kan neih loh avangin Silchar khu kan dawr ber a ni a. Silchar-
a Bengali- ho nen kan inpawh tial tial a, an zia pawh kan kai tam tial tial a ni.

1972 khan mizoram chu UT-ah hlan kai a lo ni ta a. UT kan han ni

tir kha chu, chenna ngai loh ram fan ang a ni a, kan khawr tlang hle mai. Budget
hran kan han nei ve ta a; kan budget pawh zaa za Central tumsak kan ni bawk a,
khalehchen kan lo buai tawh nen, fa tlum duatin min duat a pawisa a tam ta phut
mai a. Chung Delhi khawngaihna sum phuanchhuakah chuan mi tam tak chu
inchiah ve thei lem lo mah se, thenkhat chuan an lo nghafuan ruh tawk tawk mai a,
an dinchhuah phah reng a. Sum leh pai tam tak lo luang lut dul dul mai chuan nasa
takin sumdawnna a tithang a, Bungraw chi hrang harng chi tinreng mai chu
Mizoramah a rawn chhoh luan ta a. Chu chuan ram hmel, a bikin khawpui a
tidanglam kawk kawk a. In leh loa phuisui a, In chhung bungrua a ngelnghet a,
incheinaah kan sang zual a, sumdawng Motor leh Bus, Taxi leh Car te thlengin a
pung ta em em a. Silchar mai kan dawr duh ta lo va, Guwahati te, Culcutta te,
Bombay leh Madras leh khawpui dang danga mi bungrua , a tha thlan khawm
(incheinaah a ni zual bik a) chuan Zoram a lo thleng zel a.

Ram hruaitute lam atanga tangka khuahkhirh (financial control)

mumal a awm loh avangin, sawrkar hnathawk, a bikin officer-te an hausa chak hle
a, pawisa ren nachang an hre lo va. Contract hna a hlawk em em a. Thil man a to
chak hle a. Thingtlangah retheite tan erawh chuan a harsa sawt hle. Rel kawngin
Zoram chhun ve lo mah se, TMB leh Bus-a kal mai a nit a bik lo va. Thlawhnain,
Vayudoot-in Zoram a rawn tlawh vet a bawk a. Vayudoot-a Mizo chuan tam berte
hi sumdawng, bungrua la turte an ni awm e. Thlawhnain Mizoram a rawn zawm
vena chhan pawh hi Mizo Sumdawng Pawl (Chamber of Commerce)-te hmalakna
rah a ni pakhat awm e (Mizoram Chamber of Commerce Souvenir 1990.p-1).

Mizoram Chamber of Commerce

 Zoram hi District a nih laia Mizo sumdawnghote’n an lo din,
Merchant Association an tih kha UT kan lo nih khan Mizoram Chamber of
Commerce tia thlak a lo ni a. He MCC-te enghelh ber mai chu Mizorama hnam
dang (vai) sumdawng lo pung chak ta lutuk hi a ni. Sumdawnna khawvelah hian
kan tlangmipuite ramkhawpui, heng-Kohima, Shillong, Itanagar,Dimapur, etc-
ahte chuan dawr lian deuh deuh chu vai ta vek a lo nit a a. Hnam dang hi a pawnga
puia huphurh ngawt chu a dik thei lo vang na; amaherawhchu, huphurh loh theih
lohna chu a awm. Sumdawnna khawvelah ngat hi chuan inel ralah chuan zofate
hian hnam dang, sumdawnna kawnga miril pui pui hi kan khing zo dawn hauh lo.
Sumdawnna pawisa inlumlet vel tur pawh kan nei tha tawk lo va, bulpui eng mah
nei ve lovin, mahni thiam ang angina kan ti ve naw naw chauh a la ni.

Chutih laiin, vai sumdawnghote chuan ram pawnah bulpui nghet tak
neiin an ngelnghet em em a, an tan thil han chawkluhna man pawh a tlemin a
awlsam bik a. Heng avang hian a man thu-ah pawh an titlawm thei zawk reng reng
a. Dawrtu an ngah a, bungraw inlumlet chak atanga hlawkna chu a tlo zawk tih an
hmu phak si a. Mizo, rilru hmanhmawh reng renga awm thinte’n chu lam chu kan
la tluk thiam ve si lo. Tin, chu bakah, vai sumdawngte chuan sumdawn dan an
thiam riau va; dawr an nuam in, dawrtute an ngaihsak em em a, an hnena thil lei a
nuam a, a zawngchhangawm riau. Mizo dawrkai tam takte erawh chu chutiang an
ni lo. Dawrtute an ngaihsak tawk lo va, thian an kawm laklawh lai phei chuan
anmahni dawrtute chu an hrilhai hial zawk thin.

Hetiang hi Mizoram khaw hrang hranga hnam dang, sumdawnga

awmte dinhmun a ni. Permanent Trade Licence nei, hnam dang, Aizawlah-32,
Lunglei ah-32, Sairangah-3, Demagiri-ah-11, Tin, heng khawpui hrang hrangah
hian Temporary Trade Licence nei mi 125 lai an awm bawk. Heng bakah hian,
Mizo hminga hnam dang dawrkai mi 142 lai Aizawl khawpuiah hian an awm
bawk.

Heng hnamdang sumdawngte hi an dawr a muk hle a, len pawh an

lian chak hle. Chu vang chuan, Mizo sumdawng pawlte chuan sumdawnna
khawvelah hian chimral nih ve an hlau va, an rilru a dam lo a ni. Mizote’n heng
hnam dangte hi sumdawnna khawvelah hian kan ngam theih lohzia entirna pakhat
han tarlang ila : Zarkawta vai dawrkai pakhat chuan phai artui hi bawm khat Rs.
87/- in a chah thleng a, Rs 125/- in a pe chhuak leh thin a. Chu tiang chuan Mizo
nu pakhatin a ti ve ta a. Rs 87/- in a chah thleng ve a, Rs 125/- bawk chuan a
hralh vet a a. Eltu (Competitor) an awm tih a hriat chuan vai sumdawng chuan Rs.
120-ah a tihniam ta a, Zonu-in a tih hniam ve zel avangin a tawpah phei chuan Rs
85/- ah a tla thla a. Bawm khat zelah Rs 2/- a chawi ta a nih chu. Help ahneka hloh
zel chunga sum han ‘dawn’ chu capital nei tha lo leh bulpui nei tha ve lo Mizote
tan chuan a ngaihna awm ta hek lo, Zonu chuan a bansan ta a. A titawp ta tih a
hriat veleh vai sumdawng chuan a man a tisang leh a, a duh zat zat a chhiar ta mai
a ni.

Mipui tam berte hi chu kan retheih em avangin thil thenkhatah chuan
a man titlawm thei apiang kan bawr lo thei lo va,kan fak a, kan lawm bawk thin.
Hetiang a nih avang hian MCC-te chu an thla a phang a, awm mai mai thei ta
meuh lo. Chutih lai chuan, sum umin Mizo thenkhatte’n anmahni hmingin vai an
lo sumdawntir ang lawi bawk a. A hlawkna eng emaw an tel ve vangin chung
hnam dang hnenah chuan an hming an lo hralh thin a ni. Hnam dang sumdawngte
chu thenkhatin an hlauh em em laiin, thenkhat chuan an thawhpui duh tak leh an
unaute an lo ni bawk si.

Sumdawnna leh politics

India ram pumpui hi British-hovin an awp lai khan keini tlangmite

awpna dan bik Inner Line Regulation 5, 1873 (Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation,
1873) hmanga a bika enkawl kan ni a. Tin, keini Mizoram bik phei chu, Chin Hills
Regulation, 1896 hnuaia enkawl kan ni lehzel a. Kum 1930 atang phei chuan,
hnam dangin min chiahpiaha min chimral mai loh nan leh, economics lama
tlangmite venhim kan nih theih nan Inner Line Regulation mumal taka hman a ni
a. Hei hian a tum pawimawh tak pakhat chu, Nepali Bawng vulhte leh Bengali
sumdawngte’n min chim loh nan dan a ni ber a. He Inner Line Regulation hi duh
angin hmang tangkai lo mah ila, eng emaw chenah chuan a tangkai em em a. Tun
thlenga chim rala kan la awm lohna chhan pawimawh tak a tling a ni. He Inner
Line Regulation hi kan hman thiam athuin a tangkaiin a tangkailo thei a; a
hmangtu tur tak chu politics hi a nih avangin, kan ram hruaitu Ministry chelhtute
kutah a innghat a ni.

Sumdawnna te thamah hi chuan hnam dangte hi an la hlauhawm

lutuk lo a nih pawhin, a lian tham deuhvah hi chuan Mizote’n kan la ter lo hle a.
Mizoram a lo than chhoh ve zel takah hi chuan khawl lian leh hmanraw pui tham
deuhte mamawh a lo nita zel a. Heng khawl lian leh contract lian thilah hi chuan
hnam dang company lian deuhte chanvo deuh vek ala niin a lang. Thil hlawk tham
tak takah chuan Zofate hi kan la cche ve hleithei lo niin a lang. Tin, contract lain
tham tak tak ti tura sawrkarin a thlan dan hian sawi a hlawh hle thin a; vantlang
ngaih dan lo ang deuhte a nih avangin, inrinhlelhna a nasa thin a; contract pe
theitute’n dem an hlawh thin.

Company lian deuhte hi chuan pawn atang ringawt pawhin Zoram

thau hi an sawk nasa hle awm e. Mizoram Chamber of Commerce atanga thu ka
dawn dan chuan, Maruti Udyog Ltd. Chuan Maruti Stock Yard, Mizoram Quota
chu Bawngkawnah Stock Yard neia insawiin an contract a. Nimahsela, pakhat
mah phur thleng lovin, a tawp a tawpah phei chuan, sawrkarin a ban ta nghe nghe
a ni awm a. Bawngkawna Gypsy leite chu sawi loh, neih chhun chhun kengin
Black-a lei turin Guwahati lamah kan intlanliamsiak a nih kha.

Food Corporation of India-in Zoram buhfai Zorama an chhek thlen

vek laiin, Cement Supply contract-tu P.K.Traders chuan Aizawl rawn phurh
thlente chu sawi loh Silchar atangin an hralh chhuak hem hem a, Cement man
pawh hi lo to lo chi a ni lo ve.

Kan politics nun thianghlim theih lohna chhan pawh hi, kan
sumdawng rilru dik loh vang hi a ni thui khawpin a lang. Ram tan leh mipuite
rawngbawlsak tumna tak tak thinlung ai chuan, mimal hamthatna, tanghmahaina
leh sum leh dinhmun siam nana politics khel kan tam. Tlawmngaihna kan tih pawh
hi kan vaw vul hle a; mahse, mizo nunah hian thlen phak lohna ram a ngah.
Politics-ah te, sum thu-ah te,kaisanna thilah te hian Zofate zingah mitlawmngai
hmuh tur an vang hle.

Politician-te zingah hmingchhiatna leh demkaina tam ber pakhat chu

sum thu-ah a ni fo. Politician-te hian sumdawng hausate pawisa an puksak thin. A
tangka rulh leh mai bakah bat tel an nei duh khawp mai. A tangkaa inrul leh lova
sawrkar thil hamthatna tur danga inrul leh an nih phei chuan, thil pawi tak a tling
thin. Hetiang hian rorelna dik a siam thei lo va, mipuite rawngbawl aiin mihausate
tihlawm a lo tul tawh thin.

Kan sawi tawh angina Mizote hi mi rilru hman hmawh hnam kan ni
a, teirei leh nghah hi kan peih thin lo. Chung avang chuan, intihhmuh ching kan ni
a Sumdawnna kawngah pawh chu rilru chu a lang fiah hle. Mi pakhat,
sumdawnna kawnga a hlawk viau tih kan hriat chuan, mi am akin tih kan tum
nghal mai thin. Kan rama sumdawnna tam ber hi ram dang atanga kan chawk luh a
ni a. Mi malin a hralh tla tura an ngaih leh hlawk tura an ngaih apiang an chawk
luhte a ni ber a. Chu vang chuan, thil man bithliahtu mumal an awm meuh lo va, a
zuartute’n an duh ang zat zat an chhiar ta mai thin a. Mihausa leh sum leh pai
lolam taka hmu thinte’n sum ren lo va, an duh apiang chu an lei pawp zel a, a
manah an buai ngai lo. Chu tiang chuan thil man a tisang chak em em a, miretheite
tan harsatna a siam thin. Shillong-a pheikhawk Rs. 150/- vela an lei chu, Aizawlah
chuan Rs. 300/- chuangin an zuar mai thin. Krismas hunah te thingtlang mirethei
zawkte’n an fate tan an lei a lo tul ve si thin a. ‘ Nei tlem chu neih chhun pawh an
laksak ang’ tih ang ziazang khan, fate rual awh hlau ve si-nu leh pa tam tak chuan
Krismas pawh an hmang nuam thei tawh thin lo.

Aizawlah ngat phei hi chuan kut hnahawk an tlem hle a. Sawrkar

hnathawkte Paradise a ni ringawt mai a. Sawrkar hnathawk lo vek pawhin sawrkar
hmuihmer zawngin Pisa velah kan tei huai huai a. Anih loh leh, khawlai a sum
siam dan kawng kan zawng a. Retailer nih te kan duh em em a. Heng Fair Price
Shop-te hi a ti tawh thinte sawi dan chuan, “ Dik taka thawha, dik taka buk chuan
hlawkna a awm tak tak lo ve,” an ti thin. Mahse, chan tumin kan vir luai luai ang
lawi si. Kohhrana rawngbawltu langsar tak tak chhungkua pawhin an han tih
chang pawhin, an buk tlin loh luat avanga buk that tir leh chawt chawt a tam tho
mai. Vawk sa zuartu tam takte hlawkna chu a boruak an ei hi a ni.

Sazuartu pakhatin, Republic Veng hmeithai pakhat vawk lei a tum a,

a man tihniam deuh turin a ti a. A chhiar ang zaa lei chuan, help tur a neih loh thu
a tanchhan a. Mahse, Republic nu chuan, “Eng vangin nge help in han neih loh
tehlul ang? Hei ka saumbur-ah hian tun hma chuan pava thum chian chiah a leng
thin a; mahse, tuna in kg 1 hi chu zu thawl thei a!” tiin a chhang ta a. Nep hran ta
lo chuan a chhiar ang chuan a lei phah ta a ni awm e. Vawk sa zuar pakhat chuan,
Thakthing bazarah a man ngaia hralh turin , bazarpuia mi zu han khar a. Help chu
a nei vet ho. Tun hma deuh khan Lawi sa hi Bawng sa hralha hralh an awm thin a.
Mipui an bun theih nan Bawng vunin an khuh thin! Chutiang bawkin, vai ar
zuartute pawhin ar an zawrh hian, buhfai an hralh tel teuh thin. An rante chunga an
ngilneih vang chiah chu a ni lem lo mai thei; chawkchaweng keh lek leka an hrai
thin hi. Ar zuar nu pakhat chu, a duh aia hma-in an dawr thut mai si a, chaw a la
pe puar si lo va; buhfai vei khat patla-ah a dah a, a buk tel talh mai a ni.

Ration buhfai ip pawh hi Quintal tling tur hi a tling lo duh fo mai.

Bagha velah khuan a bag an tipung thiam a ni awm e. Sawrkar kut a thlen hmaa
Retailer hmanhmawh zualte’n an lo lak chhawn fo thin avangin chu chu Chalan
anga pawm mail oh theih a ni si lo va. A tling lo sa-in retailer-te’n an la a, a tling a
han buk leh chu a harsat tawh hmel khawp mai. Chu bakah, help uma thil ti an lo
ni bawk si lehnghal. Heng essential goods kan tihah meuh pawh hian mu leh mal a
awm thei lo va, mipuite tawrhna hi nasa tak a ni. A kim lovin kan lei a, a kim lovin
kan dawng thin. Tuna a lan danah hi chuan, hetiang sumdawnna thenkhat hi chu
Pathian tih mite tih awm pawhin a lang thei lo va, a ti awm tawk vel mi an awm
niin a lang. Mipuite hi a thei theiin min bum a, a duh duhin min hrek ni maiin a
lang.

Tunah hian mipuite thlavang hauh theitu tur Consumer Protection

Council, Sawrkarin a siam ta hlauh mai a. Thil zuar leh hralhtute’n a tling lo
emaw, a kim lo emaw min pek thin te, a dik lo emaw, a tha lo emaw min leitir ang
chite chu an hnenah sawia, anni’n thil dik lo titu chu a tul anga hrem emaw
zilhhau emaw an tum dawn a ni. Hetiang hi kan ramin kan mamawh hle. Sum
kan zawnna kawngah hian, mi tam ber hi chuan thil mawi leh thil dik kan hre phal
lo va. Sum kan siam theihna a nih phawt chuan, thenawmte bum pawh kan hnial
lo. He thil lanfiah em emna pakhat chu kan chanchinbu-ah hian a ni. Weekly
Chanchinbu hi an ni lehzual. Mipuite rawngbawlna leh hnam nun siam thatna lam
a hawi mawlh lo.

Chanchin tam ber hi thutak a ni meuh lo. A pawnah chanchin

ngaihnawm tak pai angina thupui an siam a. A chhungah eng mah chanchin chhiar
tlak a awm leh lawi si lo va. A chang phei chuan, vantlang hnena tihrik tlak loh
zahmawh lam rawngkai lek lekte a tel thluah bawk thin. Heng hi inbumna
(cheating) chi khat a ni thei. Heng chanchin dukdaklo-KS chungchang te,
hmeichhe awm tha duh lo chanchin te, hmeichhiat-mipatna chungchang chhuah
vak vak hian nun a hruai sual nasa hle. Sumdawnna tenawm tak a ni.

Mizote rilruah hain sumin hmun a chang thuk hle niin a lang. Officer
nupuite pawhin dawr an siam ve nual mai. Heng hi sum kai luhna a nih theih laiin,
eiruk thup nan pawh a ni thei. Kohhrana mi langsar takte pawhin sawrkar thil phal
loh thil zawrh (smuggling)-in ei kan zawng a. Drug leh ruih theihthil a nih em loh
chuan a dik lohna pawh kan hre lem lo. Capital Travel (khualzin bus chi khat)-a
Shillong leh Aizawl inkara zin hreawmna ber chu, Silchar vela min lo check buai
thin hi a ni. Hei hi keini Zofate zingah ram dang siam phal loh thil, zuartute an tam
vang a ni. Kohhran pawhin Sawrkar kan thawhpui meuh lohna lai a ni awm e.
Mipa chauh pawh ni lovin, kanhmeichhiate pawh Katmandu kal an huai khawp
mai.

Sumdawnna leh Mizo hmeichhiate

India ram pumah hian Mizo hmeichhiate anga sumdawnna inhmang

nasa an awm lo an ti. Hmeichhe lal zawkna hnam heng-Khasi leh Garo-te pawh hi
Mizo hmeichhiate ang em em chuan sumdawnnaah hian an inhmang nasa lo.
Tunlai Mizo sumdawnna pui ber chi chu Silchar leh Culcutta dawr a ni ber a. Mizo
hmeichhe thenkhat hi an ro thapin an kawlhrawng ve hle mai. Tawng pawh thiam
hlei lo, hruaitu tha pawh nei lem lo hian Vayadoot-in Calcutta-ah an thlawk liam
ve leh pawp mai thin. Tin, Silchar lamah phei chuan nula, a bikin, nuthlawi, la
valai deuhte, bungrua lain an liam tam hle a.

Thenkhat phei chu hmeichhia, thian pawh nei lovin, mipa hlang
zingah te, a duhthawh zual deuhte phei chu vai mipa hlang zingah, motor-in tlai
lamahte an tlan liam ve leh pawp mai thin. Sumdawnna khawvela khual nek taka
kan hmeichhiate kan hmang hi chu a zahthlak lam deuh chu a ni. Sum kan hmuhna
tur a nih phawt chuan, kan pawiti lo thei zel emaw ni.

Mipa tam tak hi chu kan nep deuh nge ni, nuzawk chawmin kan
khawsa a, chhungkaw chawmtu leh sum hai luttu an nih miau avangin thikthu kan
tichhe ngam lo va. Tin, khawtlang nunin a ken tel vang em maw ni, kan officer
nupuite pawh sum dawng eng emaw zat an awm tho mai; nu ber emaw,
sumdawnga a vah a vah mai chuan, a fanaute chu pa ber kutah a awm a ngai a; pa
ber office- a thawk a nih si chuan, awmpuite kutah dah a lo ngai ta thin a ni. Kan
sumum luat avanga fate nungchang kan hloh emaw hi research emaw beia mumal
deuha hriat theiha chakawm ngawt mai. Thenkhat chu nupa paa sumdawng, a
hmeichhia zawk chhuakvaka hman tlatte kana wm a. sum chu kan hmu meuh mai.
Fate, mi ram School tha leh Hostel-ah kan dah a, pawisa hneh takin kan thawn a;
Mizo tawng leh Mizo thil an hre tlem hle a. A tawpah nu leh pa tel lovin an lo tlei
ta em em bawk thin. Sum leh paia kan thil thleng chu a ni ve mai a.

Kan hmeichhia, sumdawnna leh kawng dangah pawh chhuakvak

taka kan hmanna hian hnam dang (hnam dang chu sumdawngho hi mipa an lo ni
deuh zel si a) an nel phah viau zel mai a. Mizo khawtlang nuna kan inkawm leh
innel em em dan ang deuh main hnam dang an nel a. Anni lahin khawtlang nun hi
a khirh the ual lo a ni tih lo hai bik bawk si lo. Thenkhat phei chuan an lo nel lutuk
hman thin. Pasalah hial an lo nei duh mai a, Mizo hmel pu tehchiam lo tak
Zoramthanga te, Zoramliana tee maw an lo tam ta. An Scholarship form –ah pawh
pa hming aia nu hming ziah ngai tlat an tam tan ta.

Tin, thenkhat chuan an hming hnam dang an hawhtir a, an Mizo

nihna an hralh chu a ni em lo vang chu maw. Dawr kawngka lu chung chu a Mizo
hle mai a, Prop-ah eng ‘Mawii’ emawte a lo intar khalh a. Mizo dawrah em maw
kan luh dawn han ti ila, kan hmuhte chu mipa rual, Mongolian thlah hmel pu hauh
lo, Zotawng pai em emte an lo ni si. Hei hi eng emaw chenah hnam inchawhpawlh
kan nihna tur bul a ni a. Sum ngainatnaa lut laklawh kan hmeichhiate hi ram
chhungah hian sumdawnna kawngah kan hmang lo thei lo a nih pawhin, hmang
tam lo ila; ram leh chhungkua pawh kan thianghlimin kan hlimzawk ngei ang.

Tunlai hian, kohhranin sum hnar nghet neih ni se a tha ang tih ngaih
dan a lo ri ta zauh zauh va. In saka a luah man tel hi sum hnar tha tak a ni ngei
ang. Hetiang ang zawng hian Kohhran hi sumdawng vet a ila a tha an gem tihah
hian ngaih dan a phir duh awm hle mai. Kristian nun thianghlimna lam ngai
pawimawh lem chuang si lo va, mihausa thenkhatin an neih chuanga liama
Kohhran an rawn vur hnawk tee maw, Synod hnuaia hnathawkte’n hlawh leh sum
lam hi an engto luat emaw, Kohhran mite zinga a zatve aia tamin sawma pakhat
pawh kan la pek mang loh laia In leh rama sumdawn emaw, sum lakluhna dik lo
leh hrisel lo atanga sumhmuh chu a thianghlim lo a ni tia zirtirna fumfe pe chhuak
mang si lova sum lama thahnem ngaih luattukna tee maw hian sumdawng
Kohhranah min chanter ve thei a, kan thlarau nun pawh a tithuanawp thei bawk a
ni.

Sawi ho turte

1. “Aw! Hnam zawng zawng leh chi tin tawng tin hi, Van Lal nau ang
a tahna Kalvari-ah an dang chuang lo ve,” kan tih laia, sumdawnna
kawnga hnam dang chim ral kan hlau leh si hi a dik em?
2. Mizo zingah hmeichhe sumdawng an tam bikna chhan eng nge ni
ang? Khawtlang leh Kohhranin kan thatpui nge, kan chhiat phah?
3. Mizo sumdawngte tlakchham engte nge ni? Engvangin nge za-a za
Kristian ramah Consumer Protection Council din kan ngaih ve hial?
3. MIZORAMA SUMDAWNNA KAWNGA KAIHHRUAINA

1. Sumdawnna (Business) hi mithiamte’n an hrilh fiah dan chuan-thil

zawrh, dawrkai hna chauh hi a lo ni lo va, hausakna, sum leh pai te
thawhchhuahna leh peipung tura tan lakna (activities) chi hrang leh kawng
hrang hrang a ni. Thil siam leh dehchhuah lamhna(Production activities) te, a
phurhvelna (transportation) te, a hralhna leh zawrh lam hna buaipuina
(distribution activities & services) te, sum dawnna (business) chuan a huam a.
Tin, chung hna pawh chu hna peng satliah ang mail ova, hnapui leh hna nghet
anga vawna, hlawkna hmuh beiseina nena thawh thin a ni bawk.

2. Sumdawn dan hamng (Business Organisation) chu chi hrang

hrang pathumaha a then theih a. Pakhatna chu mi mal sumdawnna ‘Individual
or sale Proprietorship’ a ni a. Pahnihna chu ‘Partnership a ni a; hei hi mi
pahnih emaw, a aia tam, mi sawmhnih aia tam lo, sumdawng ho tura India
Partnership Act, 1932 tlawhchhana indin leh inregister an ni. Tin, pathumna
chu ‘Company’ an ti a. Mi sawmhnih chung lam, sumdawngho tura intel
khawm, India Company Act tlawhchhana indin leh inregister an ni. Company
chu mi mal sumdawng tanghovin an siam. Private Company a awm a; tin,
sawrkar lam siam leh din a awm ve bawk a, chu chu Public Company an ti a ni.
Tin, heng sumdawn dan hmang kan sawi bakah hian, Co-operative Act hmang
leh tlawhchhanin, mi sawm chin chung lam tan Co-operative Society a din
theih a.Inrelbawldan mumal leh sawrkar atanga kaihhruaina fel tak neiin, Co-
operative Society chuan a member leh mipui vantlang hamthatna atan
sumdawnna kawng hrang hrangah hma a la ve thin bawk.

3. Sumdawnnain a tinzawn (Objective) ber nia kan ngaih thin chu

hlawkna hmuh (profit) a ni. Amaherawhchu, hlawkna hmuh leh help um ngawt
hi sumdawnnain a tin zawn ber tur (objective) a ni lo. Mihmingthang Urwick-a
chuan, ‘Ei in hi mihring dam chhan a ni lo ang bawkin, hlawkna emaw hlep
hlawh chhuah ngawt hi sumdawngtu sum dawn chhan a ni thei lo vang’, a ti a.
Hlawkna emaw, hlep emaw chu sumdang chuan a hmu ngei tur a ni a, a tul
bawk a ni. A chhan chu – Sumdawnna hlawhtlinna leh tehna pawimawh tak a
ni. Tin, sumdawngtu thawh hah man leh thawh rim man a ni a, a sumdawnna a
than zelna turin a pawimawh em em bawk a ni. Sumdawnna chu a sum
dawngtu tana hlawkna hmuhna kawng mai a ni lo va, mipui vantlang mamawh
phuhru tur leh ngaihtuah turin a pawimawh em em a ni. Ei tur te, silhfen te,
kan ni tin khawsakna atana kan mamawh chi hrang hrangte awlsam taka kan
hmuh theihna turin sumdawng chuan a la khawm a, an ngaihtuah a, kan lei
theihna tur hmunah min lo dahsak a; chutianga rawngbawla an thawh hah man
hlawkna an hmu chu a awm a ni. Chutichuan, sumdawnnain a tin zawn tur
(objective) pawimawh tak tak chu hetiang hian lo khaikhawm tai la :
(1) Hlawkna awm tawk leh mawi tawk tak, intunnunna leh inenkawlna
tur leh a sumdawnna hmasawn leh that zelna tur thawh chhuah-hei hi
economic objective an ti a ni.

(2) Mi dang-a dawrtute (customers) leh a mirawih leh chhawrte

(chutiang nei tan) tan belhfakawm leh tangkai a ni tur a ni. Hei hi human
objective an ti a.
(3) Sumdawngtu chu mahni chauhva khawsa leh nung thei a ni bik lo
va. Khawtlangah mi tin kan inphuar khawm a, kan inzawm tawn vek a.
Khawtlang tan tangkaina leh pawimawhna lian tak a nei. Khawtlang invawn
danleh ngaih dan pela sumdawn hi a dik lo va; hlawkna um avanga chutiang
kawng zawh chu a tha lo. Khawtlang leh mipui rawngbawlsakna a ni tur a ni.
Chu chu social objective an ti a ni.

(4) Sumdawnna chu a bul tan hmain ngaihtuah fel hmasak ngei ngei
tur a ni. Mi tin hian mahni kawng leh theih zawng deuh kan nei theuh. Kan
kawng tur a ni emaw inenfiah hmasak a tha. Miin an tiha, an hlawk avanga mi
tih ang tih ve duhna ngawt hi kaihruaitu tur a ni lo. Emerson-a pawhin,
‘Sumdawn hi mi nazawng inrawlhna tur a ni lo,’ a ti a ni. Hun that lai leh thil
a awlsam laiin sumdawnga eizawn mai chu mi tam takin kan yi a ni mai thei;
mahse, hun harsa zawk a lo thlenin, mi tam tak an tlahniam a, an hlawhchham
thin a ni. Ch vangin, sumdawn lam kawng zawh tur chuan rilru-a inruahmanna
leh ngaihtuahna fel tak nei saa hmalak a tha. Ngaihtuah leh lo inruahman lawk
hmasak ngaihna tur, atlangpui deuhte hetiang hian lo thlir tai la :

(1) Sumdawnna a hlawhtlin theih dan tur leh harsatna awm thei
tur ang chite ngaihtuah hmasak tur a ni. Kan chakzawng leh
mite’n an hlawkpui avang ngawta zuan luh ve ngawt loh a tha
a; ‘a hniak tam lam apiang,’ tih ngawt hi sumdawnna atan
chuan a tha lo.
(2) Sumdawng tur chuan, eng sumdawnna nge tha ang tih a
ngaihtuah hmasa ngei ngei bawk tur a ni. Sumdawnna tha ber
ber leh hlawk chi reng reng thil tam takah chuan, thiamna te,
finna te leh thil ruahman lawk thiam mi tak tak deuh nih te
atul thin a. Mihmangahria leh thiam zawkte rawn a tha.
Sumdawnna chu a hlawk theih dan tur ngawt ngaihtuaha,
chhut lovin, chetsual leh tlakchhiat theihna awm thei tur te,
thiamna leh hriatna mamawh tur ang chi te ngaihtuah hmasak
ngei tur a ni a; tin, sum hman tur (working capital) neih theih
tur awmte hriat tur a ni.
(3) Kan sumdawnna tura rilru kan inseam fel hnu-ah kan
sumdawn dan tur hmang (business) chauhva tih tur nge, mi
dangte nena thawh ho tur (Partnership). Tin, eng anga inbun
tur nge kan nih dawn? Mi rawih tur leh Office te, hmanrua te
 eng ang nge kan hman anga, kan mamawh tur tih te,
ruahmanna fel tak neih tur a ni.
(4) Kan sumdawnna atana hman tur sumpui (Capital) kan
neih mai theih baka la mamawh kan nih chuan, eng ang leh
khawi atanga hmuh theih tur nge tih te chinfel a pawimawh
em em bawk a ni. Tin, tangkai taka kan hman tur awm baka
sum puk leh hman hi, a tul lo emaw, atang kailo zawng
emawa khawh ral a awl a, fimkhur a ha. Tin, hlawkna lam
ngawt thlira sum puk huai lutuk pawh a tha lo.
(5) Sumdawnna hmun thlan fuh leh sumdawnna hmun tha hi
a pawimawh em em a ni. A hmun azira hlawhtlina
hlawhchham theih a ni. Kawng hrang hrang ngaihtuaha
sumdawnna hmun fuh tak a awm. Chu vangin, kan
sumdawnna hmun leh in-bunna hmunin kawngro a su em em
a ni.
(6) Sumdawnna hlawhtlin theihna turin thil pawimawh bik a
awm. Chungte chu tawi te te-in lo thlir tai la:
Mihring hi an pawimawh hmasa ber mai. Sum dawng
hlawhtling tur mi chu rilru leh taksa, ngaihtuahna leh
nungchang, pumrua thleng pawha tlinna tak nei an ni fo.
Sum hi sumdawnna hmanrua leh hlawhtlinna tura pawimawh
ber pakhat a ni. Sum tel lo chuan sumdawnna zawng zawng
hi a tih theih loh ani ber a, sum hman tur leh mamawh ang
neih theih loh chuan sumdawnna a hlawhtling thei lo.
Taimakna leh thahnemngaihna hi sumdawngtu
hlawhtlinna atan a pawimawhzia sawi a ngai lo hial awm e.
Mitaima leh thahnemngai an hlawhchham tak tak ngai lo.
Kan rama sumdawng hlawhtling hmasa leh, tunlai pawha
hlawhtling taka sumdawngtute hi mitaima leh thahnemngai
rumrut an ni ber mai.
Remhriatna leh hmangchang hriatna a pawimawh chutiang
mi chu an hlawhtling thin. Sumdawnna atana mi remhria,
hmangchang hrai leh thil man chak mi an tang kaiin, an lo
hlawhtling thin.
Nun dan leh nungchang tha (Morality) : Mi nun tha, mi
rinawm an pawimawh a, sum dawnna kawnga rinawmna leh
dikna (Business morality) hi hlawhtlinnatluantling thlentu a
ni. Kawng dik lo leh hlemhle deuhva sumdawnga, hausa an
awm thei; mahse, a tlo lo va, an awhawm tluantling ngai lo.
Customer (dawrkai dawrtu)-te hlut thiam, dawnsawn peih
leh tilungawi theih sumdawngtu an hlawhtling thin.
Sumdawng/Dawrkai chuan a bungraw zawrh chu leisaktu a
mamawh a, dawr tu an awm a tul a ni. Bungrua ngah hlein
dawr nei lian hle mah se, dawrtu a hmuh that loh chuan a
 sumdawnna athang chak thei lo a ni. Sumdawng/Dawrkai-te
hlawkna chu thil leitu te (customers) atangin a ni. Customer-
te dawnsawn peih leh tihlungawi thiam hi sumdawngte
hlawhtlinna atan a pawimawh em em a ni. Chu vangin,
sumdawng/dawrkai chuan anmahni dawrtute hmakhua an
ngai thiam tur a ni. Rinawm tak leh hawihhawm takin an
dawrin an dawngsawng tur a ni a. Tin, hun khirh leh harsatna
engemaw lo thleng thut denchhena, mahni hlawkna ngawt
ngaihtuaha, thil man tito thuttute, bungraw chheprel
(hoarding) chingte, hralh tlak loh leh tling lo, a leitute’n an
hriat loh avang maia leitirtute hi sumdawng/dawrkai
huatthlala tak an ni.
Sumdawnna bungrua leh pawisa hman leh lak luhte fel tek
leh tha taka vawna, ziak leh chhinchhiah that(accounting) hi a
pawimawh em em a ni. Hei hi ngaih pawimawh loh chuan
sumdawnna tak tak a tih theih loh va; tin, hlawhtlin a harsa
ang. Sumdawng thiam leh ram changkangah chuan a
pawimawhzia an hria a, hei hi sawi ngai lo khawpa an dah
pawimawh a ni. An account vawn dante a changkang a, a
felfai a, a rintlak a. Sumdawnna lian thamah phei chuan
mithiam biktte rawih leh hman an ni a, khawlte an hmang
tangkai nasa a ni. Hetianga account-te fel tek leh dik taka
vawn a nih avangin, an sumdawnna hian hmasawn dan te, an
tlakhniamna lai leh a chhan te, hma an lak lehna tur leh
tihdanglam ngai tee maw an hre thuai thuai thei a, nasa takin
a pawimawhin a tangkai a; chu vangin, sumdawnna eng pawh
fel tak leh dik taka account vawn hi ‘tihmakmawh’ a ni.

5. Mizorama kan sumdawnna dinhmun tlangpui hi lo thlir lawk ila.

Sumdawnna hi a khingbai hle. Kan ramah thil siam leh dehchhuah kan nei lo
va; chu vangin kan sumdawnna pawh ‘ Market distribution’ a ni ber. Phai lam
atangin bungrua zawng zawng kan la chhuak a, chu chu kan zuar leh ta a ni.
Buh-bal kan tih ang chi’ei leh in tur’ pawh tunah chuan kanthar vet a meuh lo
va, kan thla hnih/thum ei tur ang chauh kan thar a. Chu vangin, kan mamawh
zawng zawng, ram pawn lam atanga lak luh a ni a. Khawpuiah phei chuan kan
chaw chhumna tur lamin ram pawn atanga lak luh, ‘Gas’ emaw, ‘Khawnvartui’
emaw kan hmang a. Thlai, anhnah pawh hi fur lai tih lovah chuan,ram pawn
lam atanga kan lak luh kan la ring nasa hle a. Sa ei tur leh artui thlengin phai
lam atanga lo kal vek a ni mai. A dik tak chuan, kan ram atanga chhuak, sum
lakluhna tih tham a awm lo va, ram dang atanga kan lak luh ei leh inin, silh leh
fenin kana wm a. Kan sum leh pai neih zawng zawng hi ram pawn lamah a
liam fai duak duak a ni. CChu vangin, kan ram sumdawnna hlawkna zawng
zawng deuhthaw mai, ram pawn lamah a luang liam vek thin.
6. Kan ram, thing leh mau-va a hausakna kan la chhawr tangkai lo
va, kan rama thei leh thlai thar tha thei tak tak pawh khawsakna leh
sumdawnna atana nunpui tur khawp hmalakna kawngah kan hmulo pawh a ni
lo; a taka chanter kawngah kan nasa lo a ni ber. Kan ram thingzai tur tha tak
takte pawh, zai thiam leh zai tum pawh kan meuh lo. Sumdawnna anga han
buaipui deuhte pawhin ramdangmi an ruai a, chumi chunga sumdawnna um
chuan kan sum dawng leh a. Tin, kan ram mau te pawh kan thatpuina tur ang
takin kan hmang lo va. Hmunphiahte hi kan ramah a tam a, a tha a, kan buaipui
ngai hauh lo va, a seng chauh kan tum mai tur a ni a. Sumdawnna atana
ngaihven kana wm mang tlat lo. State dang- Meghalaya te, Tripura angte chuan
an sum hmuhna pawimawh tak a ni. Thil siam lama hma kan sawnna atan
sawrkar tanpuina a lo luanluh tam tawhzia leh kan dawn hnem tawhzia kan
hria a. Hna thawh lang tham a la awm lo a ni ber mai. Agriculture lamah pawh,
sawrkar chuan tan a lain, hma a la zel naa, kan tih dan leh mipui lam zir loh
nge ni, hmasawnna a lang thei lo va, kan hniam lam zawk zel a ni em maw chu
tih tur a la ni.

7. Sawrkar sum hman ral (Budget expenditure) hi kan ram sum

hnar awm chhun a ni. Kan pawisa lak luh leh khawlai pawisa lengvel reng reng
pawh hi sawrkar pawisa chevelah a innghat nasa a ni. Chu vangin, kan rama
sumdawnna lian leh hlawk awm thei chi reng reng chu, sawrkar Budget nena
inzawm a ni deuh vek. Dawrkai leh Bazar-a inzuarte pawisa lakluh dan pawh
hi, sawrkar pawisa tihchhuah tam leh tlem dan azirin, a tamin a tlem ve nghal
mai zel. Kan mihausa leh sumdawng liante pawh a tam zawk hi chu, sawrkar
nghenga sumdawng emaw hmu leh thawk thina intilian leh ding chhuak an ni
fur mai. Sum lakluhna hlawk ber leh awlsam deuhva sum hmuhna berah kan
neih a ni a.

Chu vangin, kan intlansiakna pawh a nasa; a michhia amithain,

sawrkar ngawt mai hi kan en ber a ni a. Mahni kutkawiha dinchhuah leh
intodelh tumna lamah kan tla hniam hret hret zel a, kan inthlahdah zel bawk a,
kan intodelh lo tial tial a, mi mal leh hnam anga kan RINAWMNA pawh a pan
tial tial ni awmin a lang. A tlachawp leh hman hcawp thil, rualpawlna atan
pawisa hman kan huai hle bawk. Chtichuan, kan sum hnar ber, sawrkar pawisa
lengvel atanga kan dawn reng reng pawh chu, intodelh lo, chawmhlawm awng
chauh kan nih avangin, kan kuta a lo lut ang chhun pawh, a rawn mikhual
zawk hi a ni ber a, phai lamah a liam zo duak zel a. Chu vangin, kan rama sum
tam tak lo lut kan tih pawh hi, kan changkanna tur (productive investment)-a
hman turin kan khawl hleithei lo va, tla chawp thila sumdawnna (market
distribution) hi kan sumdawnna pui ber chu a ni rih ta zel a ni.

8. Sumdawnna kawnga hma kan sawn theihna turin Sawrkarin

duhsakna leh hamthatna tam tam tak min siam sak a. Hmun dang, State danga
sumdawngtute chawi ang chiah chawitir kan ni lo; tun hnai a kan sawrkarin
Sales Tax a khawn ve tih mai loh chu. Hnam hnufual leh ram changkang lo kan
nih avangin kawng hrang hrangah duhsakna kan dawng a. Kum tina sawrkar
tanpuina leh Loan-te hmuh theih tur leh kan hmuh pawh a tam a ni. Tin,
sumdawnna lamah a bika ‘Inhumhalhna’ dante kan la nei leh ta zel a. Hetiang
duhsakna leh hamthatna kan neih angte hi hmang tangkai lo zawngin ke pen
theih a ni a fimkhur a ngai hle.

Hmasawnna leh changkanna tak taka min hlangkaitu-ah aiin, a

tlachawpa kan hman leh, inkhawhralna awmze nei lo leh dawngdahna kawng
min zawhtirtu a ni thei ve bawk a ni. Tunlai khawvelah hian Competition hi
eng kawngah pawh a sang a, “ Survival of the fittest,” an tih hi tha kan tie maw
ti lo emaw kan khawvel nunphung hian a ken vet lat a ni. Duhsakna leh
hamthatna kan neihte leh a bika inhumhalhnate hi kumkhuaa awm atan beisei
loh tur a ni.

9. Kan thalaite hian kan rama sumdawnna a than lena, hma a sawn
theih nan mawhphurhna laa, rilru nei taka an lo pen chhuah a tul hle a ni.
Lehkha thiam zawk leh chak zawk an ni a, nu leh pa tam tak ai chuan tunlai
khawvel hriatna leh thimnaah an sang a, thil ngaihtuah leh remruat pawh an
thiam zawk tur a ni. Tun hma lam khan High School emaw, College emaw zir
chhuak tan Sawrkar hna, kamdinna neih thuai a ni a, eizawnna kawng dang
ngaihtuah leh khawhawi a tul lo thin a. Tunah erawh chuan High School chin
chunglam zir zo, thalai rual kum tin mi 3000 chuang zet an chhuak ziah a,
sawrkar hnain a daih seng ta lo va; hna hmu lo leh vawn mumal nei lo thalai an
pung sawt hle.

Hei hi chhungkua leh ram tan pawh harsatna lian tak a ni thuai dawn
a. Chu vangin, thalai, lehkha thiam zawkte hian sawrkar hna leh kamdinna
kawng chauh tin zawna lehkha te zir lovin, sumdawnna hi an lehkhathiamna
leh hriatna zau zawk chhawr theihna turin kan mamawh a ni. Dawrkai leh
chhungkaw tam takah thalai lamte hi a thawh chhuah sa awmze nei lova chen
ral leh khawhraltu-ah an tang hlauh va, khawtlang leh chhungkuaah harsatna a
thlen phah a ni. An hun awl leh zirna lam chawlh hunahte, anmahni chhawr
tangkaina tur siamsak thin leh rilru an insiam theihna tura kaihhruai a
pawimawh a ni.

Tin, kan ram sumdawnnaah, hmeichhiate hi eizawnna kawng danga

an inhmang leh thawk nasa ang bawkin, an tangkai hle a. Ram dang
hmeichhiate aiin an thawk nasain an inhmang zawk awm e. Hei hi kan
hmeichhiate fel vang a ni a, mipa aim aha an thawh nasat leh chhawrawm
zawkna pawh a awm thei. Amaherawhchu, In lam enkawl leh fanaute
enkawlah chhungkuaa mawhphurtu ber leh rin ber an nih avangin, he lamin a
tawrh khawpa inhmang leh buai lo deuhvin awm thei se a duhawm ang. Tin,
phai lam dawr leh zin veivak bera hmeichhia rin phei chu a tha ber lo awm e;
In lama fanau enkawl leh hmun thu-ah tang ber sela a tha zawk awm e.

11. Kan sumdawn muk dan- dawrkai hnaa thil pawimawh deuhva
langte han tar lang ila :

(1) Dawrkai sumdawngte tana, adawr hmun neihah chuan bungrua daha,
dawrkai/sumdawn a ni mai a, sawrkar lamah emaw dan leh hrai
zawh tur a awm meuh lo tih tur a ni. Amaherawhchu, kan bungraw
zawrh tur te, Essential Commodities Act-ina a huap – Buhfai, Chini,
Tel, etc. control thila sumdawng tur nih chuan, sawrkar atangin
phalna (Licence) neih tul chin a awm. Tin, phai lama bungrua
laknaah Central Sales Tax kan awl thin a; chu vangin, CST
Registration neih a ngai a. Texation Department-ah CST
Registration chu a dil theih a. Registration tihfel hnu chuan CST ‘C’
form hmangin Central Sales ax 6% lai kan awl thin. Hei hi phai lam
sumdawngtute tan chuan itawm tham tak a ni a, ‘C’ form hman thu-
ah sawrkar dan zawm leh, fimkhur leh dik taka hman tur a ni. Tin,
tun hnaiah kan sawrkarin Sales Tax a lak ve tak avangin, Sales Tax
atan in-register a tul ve leh ta bawk.
(2) Dawr bungrua leh pawisa a sumdawnna/dawrkaina atan hman ral leh
lak luh chhinchhiah fel hi mi tam zawkin kan ngai pawimawh tawk
lo va. Hei hi a pawi em em a ni. Tunah phei chuan kan State-in Sales
Tax a khawn tan vet a a, dawrkaitw tan mumal taka Account vawn
hi tihmakmawh a ni dawn ta a ni. Dawrkaite chuan hetiang hian
account vawn that ni sela :

(a) Stock register : Dawr bungrua ziak felna tur (stock register
hi lehkhabu lam dawrah lei tur a awm hlawm). Tin, dawr
bungrua chi hrang hrang za chuan laite zawrh a ni thin a,
chung dawr neite tan chuan Stock Register-a stock Liability
Register-a vawn a awlsamin a tha zawk ang.
(b) Pawisa, dawr bungrua lakna leh ngaihtuahna atana senso te,
ni tina pawisa lei zat leh lak luh zat te fel taka ziak luh a tul a,
a tha. Chumi atan chuan ‘Ledger Account’ hmanga inziak a
tha na. ‘Ledger Bu’ hi hman thiam a harsa lo va; tin, lehkhabu
lam dawrah lei tur a awm.
(c) Sawrkar leh midang hnena a baa thil supply emaw, pe chhuak
thin tan ‘Bill Receivable Register’ vawn a tha bawk.
Sumdawnna thil khawih leh sum chevel reng reng fel taka
ziaka chhinchhiah thin a tha a; a nihna tur ang takin kan ti lo
thin.
(3) Bungraw kal chak leh hralh chak chi hi vawikhata help tlem zawk
deuh pawh ni se, sumdawnna hlawk a ni fo zawk a. Hnam dang
sumdawngte hian hei hi an hre chiang a, an thil man chhiar pawh a
tlawm hret zel a; tin, Ei In lama lohtheihlohva kana wm theih lo ang
chia sumdawn an uar a, Mizoramah hian hei hi an kutah a awm tam
hle nghe nghe a. Kan sumdawngte hian ngaihtuah ve a tha hle.
Bungraw zawrh tur lakah te, hralhna tura a man bituk thu-ah te,
bungraw kal chak leh a hralh chakna tawka chhiar thiam a tha.

(4) Dawr bungrua leh sum inlumlet chak hi sumdawn hlawkna a nih
avangin, dawr-sum inlumlet (stock turn) zat te enfiah leh hrait fo
a tha hle. Dawr bungrua fel taka vawn a nih chuan, awlsam takin a
chhut theih a. Hei hi account vawn that a tangkaina tak pawh a ni ve.
Eng emaw hun chhung, kum khat emaw, kum chanve emaw
chhunga kan dawr-sum inlumlet (stock turn) zat chu hetiang hian a
zawn theih : Pawisa lei zawng zawng kha a tlangpuia kan dawr
bungrua kawl thin (average stock)-a sem tur a ni. In, average stock
chu kan bungraw opening balance leh closing balance belhkhawm
kha pahnihin semi la, a tlangpuia kan stock (dawr bungrua) kawl
thin (average stock) chu a ni a. Stock turn (dawr-sum inlumlet) chak
apiang hi sumdawnna atan a tha a ni. Sum a inlumleh chak loh chuan
help sang zawk pawh ni sela, a hlawk lo zawk thin.

(5) DawrDawr bungrua-te, mi mit la zawng, fel leh mawi taka rem a
pawimawh a, dawr chhung chei fail eh chei mawi-te hian mi a hip
thei hle a ni. Tun hnaia dawr inhawng tharte hian an titha tan hle.

(6) Customer dawnsawn thiam leh ngaihsak thu-ah zir, tur kan nei
awm e. Mizo hian ‘ mi tih huam’ anga lan hi kan zia a ni lo deuh va.
Amaherawhchu, customer bengkhawn leh dawnsawn thiam leh
taimak hi Sumdawng, dawrkai tan a pawimawh leh a tul hle a ni.

(7) Sumdawnna, pawisa tihchetvelna atan tun aia Bank-te kan hman
tangkai zawk a tha. Pawisa fai tam tham tak kenga phai lama dawr
an awm fo thin a, chetsualna tawk sawi tur an awm zauh zauh reng a
ni. A him lo va, a buaithlak bawk. Kan Bank-ahte hian ni tina sum
kan lak luhte dah ila, sumdawnna atana tul hmanchhuah pawh Bank
hmang ila, a tha zawk ang. Apex Bank, MUCO Bank te hian,
dawrkaite’n an va an va dah buai ngai lovin, a khawntu an nei thin a.
Dawrkaite tan remchang tak a ni. Hengte hi keimahni Sawrkar
hnuaia Bank kan neihte an ni a, hriat atan a tha hle.

(8) Bank atangin, Sawrkar atangin emaw Loan kan lakte hi a hmanna
dik tak hun dik taka hmana rulh thin hi ngaih pawimawh atul hle.
 Loan lak kan intihhmuhin, kan bawr hle a; a hmanna tur dik taka
hman leh rulh lamah kan chak lo. Keimahni tan harsatna kan inseam
mai a ni.

Kristian, ringtu kan nih avangin, kan ni tin hna leh eizawnna
kawngte hi a malsawmna dawng tlaka kan thawh leh kan tan a
pawimawh. ‘Eng pawh in tih apiangah, Pathian ropuina turin ti rawh
u.’

Kristian, Pathian ringtute kan nih avangin, kan ni tin hna leh
eizawnna kawng hrang hrang, kan sumdawnnaahte pawh Pathian ropuina tur leh a
malsawmna dawng tlaka kan thawh leh inpek a pawimawh em em a ni.

Sawi ho turte

1. Kan ram sumdawnna a thana, achangkan zel theihna atan tih tur
kan la tih loh emaw, kan tih tawk loh emaw, a harsatna engte nge
nia kan hriat le?
2. Kan sumdawn thin dan leh kan kalpui lai mek ah inseam that
ngai leh tul nia hriat kan nei em? Chungte chu awm ni se, engte
nge ni ?
3. Mizo sumdawng/dawrkaite’n hnam dang kan khumna emaw, kan
phak loh deuhna emawte a awmin kan hria em? Eng kawngahte
nge ni?
4. Ringtu, Kristian –sumdawng/dawrkaite tan hian eizawnna kawng
danga mite aiin, Pathian ropuina atana thawh leh inpek a harsa
zawk ang em?
5. ‘Corruption’ hi mi tam tak rilru-ah Sawrkar hnathawk leh
Sawrkar lam mite-ah kan bel deuh niin a lang a. Kan ram
sumdawnnaah hian ‘ Corruption’ a awm theih dan leh, a aw nia
hriatte kan nei em?
6. Kan rama Kristian-ringtu sumdawng leh dawrkaite, ringlotu
sumdawng/dawrkaite aia an danglam bikna eng kawngah nge kan
hmuna, ringtu kan nih a lanchhuahna sawi tur kan nei em le?
BUNG III

THLANMUAL ENKAWL DAN TUR KAWNGA INRAWNKHAWMNA

1. THLANMUAL ENKAWL DAN TUR

Mizorama chanchin tha a lo luh hma chuan Mizovin Thlanmual kan

nei ngai lo va, an thiha an in phumna ber chu an kawtah a ni. Nausen hlamzuih a
thi erawh chu In hnuaiah an phum thin a:bel chhungah dahin a bel chawpin an
phum thin a ni. Tin, thlan laih dan chi hnih an nei a, thlan pangngai, khampheia
inphumna leh tianhrang thlan, ding awn deuhva mitthi ruang rawlhluhna chi.
Chutiang mi an phum chu an lu kha a pil thuk thei vak lo. Tianhrang thlan hi mi
eng ang phum nana an hman bik nge tih sawi a harsa tawh.

Krintianna a lo luha ringtute an lo awm tan atanga thlanmual hi

Mizoramah kan nei tan a, hriselna lam atan a that vang leh a tul vang niin a lang.
In bulhnaia inphum chu hriselna lam atan tha vak lo anga ngaih a ni.

Kan sawi thui hmain ram dang chanchin tlem, beng tihvar nan leh
ngaihtuahna tihzau nan han thlir lawk ila.

Kristian hmasa berte hun atang tawh khan an mitthite ‘Lalpaa

muhilte’ mutna atan cemetery thlanmual hi an lo nei thin a; dan naranin,
khawpawnah a ni. Hun a lo kal zel a, Biak In vel emaw a kianghnaiah emaw
inphum an lo ching a, thil buaipuiawm tak a lo ni leh a; hmun dang zawna tih dan
tha ngaihtuah chawp a tul ta zel a ni.

America rama an tih dan chu: a tirah chuan mahni In bulah emaw,
mahni lovah emaw an inphum phawt mai a. A hnuah chuan Biak In lam leh
Kohhran thil nena zawmin, Kohhran tinte’n anmahni inphumna bik, Biak In kiang
hnaiah emaw emaw an han nei leh a. Amaherawhchu, hun a lo rei deuh chuan
tihngaihna awm lo khawpin thlanmual chu a lo tawt leh a, enkawlnate a lo tawk lo
zel bawk nen. Tin, hriselna lam atan pawh a that lohzia an hre chhuak zel bawk a.
Kum 1832 atang chuan hmun hla zawk Biak In chuktuah lovah inphum an lo uar
tan ta a ni.

Kohhran enkawlna hnuaia thlanmual dah a nih lai chuan, khami

thlanmual neitu Kohhran mite leh an chhungte chu an Kohhran thlanmualah chuan
an phum thin a, thlan laih man bak chu senso tul pawh a awm lo. Tunlai hunah hi
chuan ‘ Memorial Park’ te an lo ching ta a. Khaw roreltute emaw, eng pawlin
emaw khaw thlanmual chu an enkawl a; thlan hmun lei angai a, thlan laih man
chawi a ngai a, thlanmual enkawlna atan thawh zel a ngai a, amaherawhchu,
hetianga thlanmual enkawl hi hlawkna uma sumdawnna thil anga tih a ni.

England ramah chuan kum 1750 daih atang tawh khan Biak In tuala
inphuma, leng leh leng lo va inhnawh leh, khawpui chhunga thlanmual hmun awm
tawk lote hi an lo buaibui daih tawh a ni. Biak In compound velte chu a hrisel lo
va, thlan thuhmunah kuangte chu a inchherchhuana phum a ngai a; inches tlem te
chauh leiin a vur thlenga tian te a lo ngai ta mai a. Ruhro leh tawih ral bangte la
khawmin, thlan thar tur tihruah nan hmun dangahte an han phum bo rih changte a
awm a. Heng harsatnate avang hian, London khawpuia Biak In tuala inphum chu
1855 kuma Parliament dan siam hmangin tihtawp a lo nit a a ni. Chuta tang chuan,
khawpui pawnah an inphum a, chhungkaw thlan bik neih an khap a, kuang boruak
ngah thei zawk tur an ching a; chu bakah, inhal ral pawh an ching ta a.

Tunah chuan Parliament dan siam hmangin private company

emawte’n an enkawl a, chuti a nih loh vek pawhin, khaw rorelna hnuaiah emaw
dah a ni a, parliament dan siam thuah thum laiin inphumna hmun chungchang hi a
delhkilh lat a ni. Hriselna atana pawi tur lam an veng nasa em em.

Mizoram pawh hian thlanmual chungchang hi ngun taka kan

ngaihtuah a hunt a. Mihring kan lo pung a, thlanmualin min daih lo deuh deuh va.
Chu mai pawh ni lovin, kan khawpui lianahte phei chuan mi kan pian pun bakah,
nasa takin kan pem lut a; tun hma lama dai pawn him tawka thlanmual kan lo neih
thinte kha tunah chuan kan chimin, In hmunah kan hmang tan ta zel a. Aizawl
khawpuiah ngat phei chuan veng hrang hrangah hmana thlanmual kha In hmunah
a chang teuh tawh. Sap-ho tih dan anga BIak In bul vela inphum kan lo ching ve lo
hi vanneihthlak tak a lo ni. Amaherawhchu, Mizote hian thlanmual leh thlante hi
kan zah hle nachungin, Motor kawngpui kal dan azir leh khawpuite than dan azirin
zah zawh loh hun a lo awm thin tih a lang chiang a. Chuti a nih rual rual chuan,
Sapram meuh pawhin an experience atanga an lo ngaih pawimawh-hriselna lam
chungchang hi thil pwimwh tk mi ni leh bawk. Mumal taka Mizo te hian kan khua
leh kan veng thlanmual kan ngaihtuah a tul ta. A hnuaia rawt chhinna atangte hian
ngaihtuah tai la; amaherawhchu, Mizoram zia bik-thlanmual tur hmun pek hi
Village Council kut a nih te, tlawmngaia tlangvalte’n thlan an laih man awm lova
laih a nih te, thlanmual sam fai YMA-in an tum thin te hi rilru-ah vawng ila. Tin,
Kohhran Pawl emaw, sakhua emaw avanga thlanmual hran bik neih kan chin loh
pawh ngaihtuah ila :-

1. A hmun thu-ah : Hmanlai Juda-te chuan an khaw dai hla deuh hmun
rem, thlai china atana hman tlak loh, lei chhe hmun hi thlanmual atan an
melh deuh ber thinin an sawi a. Mizo Kristiante pawhin kan rilru a ni ve
awm e. Amaherawhchu, kan thlanmualte hi khua atangin a hnai lutuk ta.
Khua atanga km. 5 emaw, rilrua neihin thlanmual hmun tur hi
ngaihtuah ni se.
2. Kan khawpui leh khaw dangte hi kan rama thil chhuak (products)
avanga thang emaw, ram emaw a ni lo va, motor kawng lo lut avanga
thang emaw ram an ni. Heti taka motor kawngin min siksawina ramah
hian, kan thlanmualte hi khua atangin motor kawngin chhuntir vek ila;
tlawmngai, thlan lai turte leh mitthi vuitute pawh a tulna hmunah tawh
phawt chuan motor-in kal se.
3. Mitthi awma thing khawn thin hi thil tha tak a ni nachungin, khawpuiah
chuan a hun a liam mek. Gas stove leh electric stove te kan hmang tan a.
Hei aiah hian, a hun leh a tul dan azira rate siam neiin pawisa lama
khawn ni zawk se. Thlan lai kalna leh hawna motor man leh vuitu
pawimawh kalna man pawh heta atanga ngaihtuah hi ni se.
4. Thlanmual enkawlna (maintenance) atan hian a neitu Village Council
huam chhunga In tinin, kum tin fee, rate mumal tak neia pek ni se. Hei
hian thlanlaihna hmanrua leh a dahna hmun (shed) sakna huam se.
5. Thlanlaihna tur hmun riruat te, thlan lenzawng leh a thukzawng tur te,
thlan siam leh thlanmual humhalh te thlengin Village Council kutah
awm sela.
6. Thlan leh mihring chhiat tawh tawpkhawk hi a inzawm avangin, help
tumna lam awm miah lovin thlanmual hi enkawl ni se, a tul angin
enkawl dan leh hman dan thu-ah pawh dan siam ni se.
7. Electricity pawh Mizoramah tha zel tura ngaih a ni a, electricity
hmanga inhalralna hi a theih hun hunah hman ni se.

Sawi ho turte

1. Thawhlehna kan beiseina hian mitthite hi phum ngei a chaw nge, hal ral
pawhin thawhlehna a dal lo tho em?
2. Sakhaw biak inang lote thlanmual pakhat intawma inphum tlan hian
sakhaw dan kalh a nei em?
3. A chunga rawtnate khi hmang nghal turin engtia tan lak tur nge ni ang?

2. THLANMUAL CHUNGCHANG

Kan thupui hi Thlanmual chungchang tih a ni nachungin, thlanmual

kan hman dan te leh thlanmualin a ken tel thil dangte pawh kan sawi tel nual
dawn a ni.

Mizote hi thlana inphum kan ni a. Tun hma chuan hmunin min daih
bawk a, mahni kawtkaiah leh hmun remchang apianga inphum maite pawh kan
ching tho va: tunah erawh chuan khaw tin leh veng tinah inphumna tur hmun
bik kan nei a, a hmingah Thlanmual kan vuah a. He Thlanmual kan enkawl dan
leh tuna kan hman dan chungchanga siam that ngaite, kan hmabak zel tur te
kan sawi ho dawn a ni a. He thuziak hi chu sawihona tur kamkeuna ang leka
ngaih tur a ni ang.
 A hmasain kan Thlanmual hman dan chungchanga a kaihhnawih thil
thenkaht lo sawi ila.

1. Thlan laih : Kristian sakhuain heilehchen min chenchilh tawh hnuah pawh,
a tlangpuia thlirin, thlanlaihna hmun hi zahmawh leh thu lawilo mai mai te,
Kohhran sawtna thu te sawi mup mupna hmun a ni duh khawp mai. Hetia
khawtlangin thlan kan laih zel dawn a nih chuan, a aia zahawm deuhva
thlan lai nungchang hi siam that a tha ngawt ang. Tin, puithuna atthlak tam
tak kan tlansan tawh hnuah pawh, vawiin thlengin thlan ruak zan riah kan la
hrah a, ruang phum hman tak loh vanga thlan laih sa hnawh leh chang a
awm fo mai. Hemi tireh tur hian Kohhran leh khawtlangin rilru kan sen a
tul a ni. Tin, zingkara thlan kan laih hian office kan tlaiphah a, Sikul kan
tlai phah a; min ruaitute leh kanthawhpuite an zahawm duh hle. Chhun
lama thlan laih ni se, nilenga casual leave lak chu tih theih a ni bawk si lo.
Thlan laih hi sawrkar kuta dah a hun hle tawh tihna a ni mai thei. Thlan laih
hi sawrkar kutah lo awm ta se, kan khawtlang nun, YMA dan leh
tlawmngaihna hmel thlengin a danglam thei ang. A thatna leh that lohna
buk tham a awm.
2. Kuang leh thlan kotlang programme inkar : Kan thupui nen a
inpersan deuh nain sawi loh theih loh a ni. Kuang chunga thlahna pangpar dah
chungchangah, YMA chuan tha lo a ti a, ziak meuhvin kaihhruaina a siam a.
Tin, a awm tawk aia nasa-a puan inpek kan ching ta pawh hi sim chi a ni. A
ruh langa kan sawi duh chuan, kan thih ni-ah mitthi chhungte’n kan kal ngei a
ni tih hria se kan duh a, puan emaw, pangpar kual emaw kan pek hian pawisa
pek ngawt ai chuan min rawn hre zui deuhvin kan ring a, kan intihhmuh ta a,
michhia leh mitha inthlauhna lantirtu lian takah a lo chnag ta a ni. Tin, Mizote
hian phung kan thlu si, hun hlutna kan hr eve tawh si a, ralna pawisa pek aiah
puan emaw, pangpar emaw kan pet a mai thin a nih hmel viau bawk.

Kuangzawnna atana rawtlawn hman ngawt mail eh hruizena phuar

chiam ching veng kan la awm hi a huntawh lo hle. Hetia tih hi thlan khura
kuang thlak dawn pawhin a buaithlak a; hei ai chuan, Damdawi Ina inzawnna
ang deuhva kuangzawnna hranpa siam hi a finthlakin a zahawm a ni. Thlan
kotlang hun tawp programme hi tihtawi thiam a tha hle. Mitthi tana dilsak vak
lam aiin, a chhungte tana dilsakna lam hi a zahawm zawk. “ Lei chu leiah,” tih
ruala vaivut zuk thlak zauh hi hun hmangtu tih atan chuan a mawi hle. Mahse,
Bible chang nena inzawmna lai pawh hriatpui ve tawh lo minazawngin vaivut
zukthlak kan ching ve tan ta titih a; eng vanga thlak nge kan nih chiah pawh
kan inngaihtuah tawh lem lo va, hei hi a awmze diktak inzirtir lova kan
chhunzawm zel chuan, kan invui zawhah kuang kan la invawm chhawk sup
sup thin dawn ni awm tak a ni!
 3. Thlan hi tu vur tur nge ? He zawhna hi vawi duailo YMA
chanchin bu-ah chhan a ni tawh a. Tun tumah hian chhan ka tum lo. Zawhna
awm pawh a ka ngaih loh, thlan laih ang bawka kan tih thin pangngai kha
zawhna tling leh sawi ho tul tak anga kan ngaih takna chhan hi, thlan vur kan
peih loh tak vang ni lovin, hun hlutna kan hriat tak vang ni main a lang. Tun
hma chuan, tlangval thlan lai hnukhawiho hian a vur thleng an nghak a, makpa
leh laina hnaite nen, tu tih tur nge tih zawhna awm miah lovin, fel takin an vur
leh mai thin. Tunah erawh chuan, tlangval thlan laiin, a vur leh thlengin,
nileng tha thulhin an nghak thei tawh lo va, an nu leh pate pawhin chutianga
mitthi pakhat buaipui nileng zak turin kan ngai tawh meuh lo. Makpa kutah
han dah ngawt dawn ila, makpa nei lo pawh a thih ve theih tho si. A awmze
chhungrilah chuan, thlan laih leh vur hi office lam hnathawh nen a inmil thei
tawh vak lo va, kan hriat loh hlanin khawtlang hian hahthlak kan lo ti tan tawh
a nih hmel khawp mai.

4. Thlan hung : Veng thenkhatah chuan thlan hungna bang sanzawng hi bi

tuk a awm a, thlan lung san zawng thlenga bi tuk siamte pawh an awm ta.
Mithlan hung aia sang leh mi thlan lung aia ropui duh tlat hi kan lo awm a; chu
chuan a dang a hek mai ni lovin, a sir vela kuang zawn leh chetvel a dal thin a.
Sim a tha hle.

5. Thlan lung ziak : Kan Kristian thlirna aranga buka hremhmun lama kan
buk liam dial tur pawh hi, vanrama hahchawl ta angina kan ziak lui tlat zel
a. Thlanmuala thlan lungphun thuziakah hian, thil mawi leh kan rilru
damna kan zawn zawk avangin, “Ni chu ni, ni lo chu ni lo…..” titu duh
dank ha nasa takin kan bawhchhe thin.

6. Thlan chei leh thil dah : Krismas-ah leh pian champha-ahte leh hun bik
eng emawah pangpar leh tlereuh nena lainate thlan chei kan ching a. A
awm viau tho va; mahse, kan intihhmuh zel a, kan uar tial tial a. A thenah
chuan Krismas card te, kawr thar te ei tur te leh an dam laia an lawmzawng
thil dang te dah kana wm ta zauh zauh. Kan Kristian zirtirna atanga chhutin
hei hi a fel chiah em?

Thlanmual kan hmuh dan

Thlanmual kan enkawl dan atang hian thlanmual kan hmuh dan hi a
dik tawk lo tih a lang bawk.

A hmun enkawl hi khawtlang kuta dah a ni a, patta fel thlanmual a

tlem hle a. Khawtlang hruaitute remhriat dan ang anga enkawl a ni ber a. A
chhehvela mi mal ramin a dip duh hle a; thing mawi leh pangpar a awm lo va,
tuiluankawr, fel taka siam a awm lo va, a hnim duh hle a, thlanmual si, hmun
awl awmchhun lah hi Communitu Hall, Indoor Stadium, Primary School,
Health Sub-Centre tih vela tan kan it thei em em bawk a, keimahni ngei
pawhin kan kumkhaw hun tawp hman na hmun tur ni si kan duat lo hle. Zanah
phei chuan hmun hrang deuh angah kan ngai a kal tlang pawh kan hreh a; kan
rilru-ah chei tumna a awm lo va, chhiat tawh tawpkhawk ni chauhva tlawh tur
angah lek kan ngai niin a lang.

A bilhah a tho tawh lo va; rilru thlak tur chuan sawrkar a inrawlh a
tul a rinawm. Tun hnai maiah, sawrkarin, thlanlaitute ruaiin, thlanmual enkawl
hi sawrkar kutah dah nghal rup rup lo mah ila, eng emaw chen hi chu sawrkar
mithiamte ruahmanna zul zuia tih a tul ta niin a lang.

Hlawh neiin Sawrkarin thlanmual enkawltu ruai sela, thlanmual sam

fait e, thing leh pangpar phun te, kalkawng leh tuiluan kawr siam te, a ramri
chin humhalh te, mitthi phumna tur hmun awl indawt danah te hian mawh phur
sela. Tin, mitthi phum tawhna hmun hi thlan lungphun ringawt ni lovin, a map
nena siamin, fel taka ziaka chhinchhiah ni sela a duhawm hle. Nikhua a lo reiin
ram hmel a lo danglam a, pute thlan hmun inchuhte pawh kana wm tan tawh a
ni. Mitthi hming, kum zat, thih chhan, phumna lai hmun leh phum nite fel takin
lo chhinchhiah zel sela, mihring kan pungin kan in hre lo nasa tawh si a, kan la
mamawh ngawt ang.

Tin, veng thenkhatah phei chuan, sawrkar tanpuina pawisa eng

emaw hlawh nei lova mahni veng thlanmual takngial pawh sam fai thei tawh lo
leh, a kawng thenfai hna pawh thawk thei tawh lote kan awm nual tawh a ni
awm e. Heng thilte phei hi chua Pulpit atangin a zahthlakzia inzirtir a tul ta hle
a ni.

Hmabak thlirna

Tun anga kan than zel chuan, tun atanga rei lo teah hian khawpuia
chengte chuan thlanmual kan nei lo thuai dawn. Thlanmual mawng lamah In a
khat vek tawh a, zauh ngaihna a awm tawh lo va, vawi khat kan inphum tawh
lahin, kumkhua atan, lungphun hmangin kan chhinchhiah hmak zel bawk si a;
vawiina heta kalkhawmte zinga mi ngei pawh hian kan thih ni-ah khawpui
thlanmual hi kan chang ve phak tawh kher lo vang. Chuti ni se, engtin nge kan
tih ang? Tun atang hian rilru kanlo sen lawk a tul a ni.

Hei hi veng tinin kan hre lawk a. Theih ang ang chuan kan veng
awmna mawng lam ram kan zuah hram hram a, thenkhat phei chu kea kal
phak mang loh a ni a. A hlat chuan kan invui dank an tihdanglam a ngai tho
tho.

Sawrkar pawhin hei hi a vei em em a, rilru pawh a seng nasa tawh a,

thlanmual leina atan hian cheng nuai tam tak a lo seng tawh a; chutih laiin,
veng tam tak a lo pian belh zel a, thlanmual leisakna tur sumin a daih tawh lo
va; sumin daih pawh ni se ramin a daih tawh lo.

Tuna sawrkarin hmabak atana inbuatsaih a tum dan chu hetiang deuh
hi a ni; veng hrang hrang puala khawpui area chhunga man to tak taka ram zim
te te lei thliah thliah ai chuan khawpui pawn hmun remchangah, khawpui
pakhatin kum tam tak chhung an rin tur daih thlanmual ram zau tak siam law
law hi sawrkar chuan tha a ti tawh zawk a. Hei hi a taka chanter a nih hunah
chuan tuna kan tih dan tam tak hi kan thlak a ngai ang. Chuta tan chuan kan
rilru kan lo sen lawk a tul a ni.

Entir nan : Seling ram, Tuirial ral te hi Aizawl khawpui thlanmual

tur lo nit a se, tlangval tlawmngai tan pawh thlan laih phak a ni tawh lo vang.
Chutiang bawkin, thlan vur pawh a harsa lehzual taw hang.

Chu aia ngaihtuah lawk ngai a la awm. Tuna kan tih dan anga kuang
hia thlanmual thlenga kan la zui reng a nih vaih chuan, milian thih ni chuan
thlanmual lam hawiin lirthei tam tak a inzui duah duah ang a, mi dangin kawng
an lo kian ang a; ni tin deuh thawin thlanmual lam pana lirthei kalin traffic a ti
jam dawn an ni. Chutih laiin, michhia an han thi ve ang a, kuang zawn phak a
ni dawn hek lo, lirthei man chawia hman emaw a ngai ang a, kan la buai khawp
ang.

Chutih hunah chuan, thlanmual enkawl zawng zawng bakah, thlan

laih leh vurte pawh sawrkar kuta dah a ngai taw hang a, kan invui dante pawh a
dang tawh ang a; chuti taka kan khawtlang nun a dan chuan a thatna leh that
lohna buk tham fe a awm ang. Hei hi tha kan tie m? Hemi hun lo thleng tur
atan hian rilru kan seng taw hem?

Hei hi kan ti lo a nih rau rau chuan inphum hi sima, inhal ral emaw
kan chin a ngai ang. Mizoram hi ram zim te a ni a, tlang chhengchhia leh
hriam tak tak hlir awmna ram a ni. Chti chung chuan, thlanmual tur chuan
khaw bula mual nuam lai ber kan thlang chat zel. Vawiina Mizoram pumpuia
kan thlanmual area zawng zawng hi belhkhawm tai la, a zau tham ngawt ang.
Thlanmual atan hian Mizoram leilung rem lai ber hlir, square kilometer za tam
tak kan hmang tih na a ni a; kan la hman belh zel turte nena chhut phei chuan
cheng vaibelchhe tam tak man a ni ngei ang. Chu chu, mitthi, mi nungte
hmakhawthatha atana kumkhua atana eng mah thawk ve tawh lo turin an luah
nghet tlat a ni. Mahni chhungte thlan fit ruk leh fit li bial pakhat ringawt hi chu
chuti taka uiawmin a lang lo. Mahse, a vaia belhkhawm chuan uiawm tham tak
a ni.

Chu vangin, hmun hek lo, thianghlim bawk si, thlanmual mawi taka
chei theih bawk si-a siam theih dan chu, electric hmanga ruang halralna,
 electric crematorium hmanga inhal hi a ni. Hei hi ngam ila chuan, mi pakhat
thlan atan fir ruk leh fit li bial kher kan hmang lo vang a, fit hnih bial emaw
velah chhinchhiahna thuziak, lungphek inang vekin, tlar nalh takin kan siam
ang a, hming inziakna lungphek hnuaiah kher khan kan chhungte ruang kha
awm lo turah kan ngai law law ang a, tun aia mawiin thlan kan chei ang a,
hmun a hek lo bawk ang a, hmun tihbaiawm tak anga kan ngaihna pawh hi a
reh zawk ang.

Mahse, tunah chuan, lainate taksa chawl hahdam tur hal ral vek mai
lainatna te, vai tih dan nia ngaih tlatna te, kuang chung zawn fit ruk leh fit li
ngainatna hrim hrim te avangin hei hi kan la ti thei hrih lo a ni.

Chu aia thuk zawkah chuan, Kristiante hian mitthite hi thlan atanga
tho tur angah kan ngaih miau chuan, thlan nei lova hal ral takte chu tho ve thei
lo tura ngaihna a awm tlat bawk ang. Chu vangin, inhal hi kan sawimawi dawn
a nih ngat chuan, Mizo Kristiante’n thawhlehna thu kan inzirtir dan pawh hi
kan bih chian lehzual a ngai ngei ang.

Sawi ho tur

1. Sawrkar hnathawk, zirlai leh ni tin eizawnna dang thawkte hna

tikhaihlak lova thlan laih theih dan a awm em? Awm lo ni se, thlan
laih hi sawrkar kutah dah a hun tawh tihna em ni ang? Thlanlaitu tur
hi sawrkarin ruai ta se, kan khawtlanga tlawmngaihna kalphung hi a
dal sawt an gem?
2. Khawpuia chengte tan kea kal phak loh khawpa hmun hlaah
common cemetery siam nit a se, invui hunah mipuiin thlanmual
thlenga zui tha I tie m? Tha lo ni se, engtia thlak nge tha ber ang?
3. A hnuaia thu pathum zingah hian eng hi nge dik I tih ber?
(1) Kan Kristian rind an atanga chhutin, ruang kan hal ral chuan,
tawtawrawt hnuhnung rik hunah tho tur an awm lo vang tih kan hlau
va; chu vangin, inhal ral hi kan hreh a ni.
(2) Kan chhungte ruang han hal ral ngawt mai chu kan lainat tlat a, kan
hal ral phal lo a ni.
(3) Tun hma atangin kan inhal ral ngai lo va, kan tih than loh vangin
kan hreh mai a ni. A that zawk phawt chuan inzirtir ila, awlsam
takin kan intihhmuh thei mai ang.
BUNG IV

MITTHI HAL LEH KOHHRAN THURIN CHUNGCHANGA

INRAWNKHAWMNA
1. MITTHI RUANG SAWNGBAWL DAN LEH THIH HNU NUN
INKUNGKAIHNA

Thuhmahruai

Baarena chuan thihna leh nunna inzawm nghehzia a sainaah chuan, “

Thihna awm lovin nunna a awm lo va; nunna awm lovin thihna a awm hek lo,” tih
hi, thil inkalh si, inngheng renga awm an nih thu a sawi a (1) Hei hi a chhan ni
bera lang chu, thihna hi nunna nen sawi leh ngaihtuah zawm a nih fo vang a ni
ang. Mi tam tak rin danah, thihna hi nunna tawpna a ni lo reng a; thih hnu nun
intanna a ni zawk. Thihna leh nunna inlaichin dan thu-ah hian Buddha chuan, “
Minung leh thil nung zawng zawngte hi an thi an gem?” tih zawhna chu heti hian a
chhang a: “Aw, puithiamte u, mihring nun hi a tawi a, thil tha kan ti tur a ni; piang
chhuak tawh reng reng thih leh loh theih a ni lo…. Nun hi thihnain a tawp a,
thihna hi nun lehna bul intanna a ni,” tiin(2).

Thihna hi mihringte tan pumpelh rual loh a nih chu kan hre tlang a.
Thih hnua nun zui dan turah erawh chuan rind an a inang vek lo niin a lang. Kan
thupui hian, mitthi ruang sawngbawlna danin thih hnu nunah nghawng a neih leh
neih lohte mi ngaihtuahtir a tum a. Sakhaw hrang hrang vuantute zingah rind an
leh tih dan a inang lohziate mi chhutpuiin, mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan hian thih
hnu nunah nghawng a nei a nih ngai chuan, tu rind an leh tih dan hian nge
nghawng nei that a be rang tih te, Mizo Kristiante mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan
hian Kristian thurina thawhlehnaah nghawng a nei em tihte min ngaihtuahtir a
tum a ni. Kan Kristian thurin chiang chuang lo, sakhaw vuan tute tih dan nia kan
ngaih deuh tlat, thlana inphum lova mitthi ruang sawngbawl danin a hnua awmzia
a neih leh neih loh turte ngaihtuah ve turin kan inbuatsaih theuh a tul awm e.
Kristian ni ve lote rind an leh tih dante tlem thlir ila, kan Kristian rind an leh tih
dante pawh hi chik zawkin kan ngaihtuah thei mahna.

A. India mi, Aryan-ho thlah ni ve lote tih dan

India rama cheng mi tam tak, Aryan-ho thlahte anga Hinduism,

sakhua vuan ve lote mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan W.Crooke-a ziak angina lo sawi
hmasa ila (3).

1. Ei ral : Mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan tha ber chu, ei ral mai nia ngai an
awm. Mitthi taksa eitute’n an ei chhan ber nia an sawi chu-mitthi lo ni
taa mihring nunna hlutna (virtue) leh thiltihtheihna awm kha, a sa eitute
khan chhawm ve theih tur nia ngaih vang a ni ber. Hemi chungchang
bikah hian, L.V.Thomas chuan, mitthi taksa tawih ral hmuh,
lungchhiatthlak tih vanga ei ral duh an awm thu a sawi lang.(4)
2. Rannungte ei ral tura pho chhuah : Hmun thenkhatah chuan mitthi
ruangte hi ransa leh savate’n duh duha an ei ral turin, khawimaw laiah
an pho ro mai mai thin. A chhan dang tak hriat a harsa a; inhalna tur
thing harsat vang te, thlan tur hmun remchang awm loh vang te a ni thei
an ti a. Tibetan-ho leh India hmar lam mite’n an ching deuh.
3. Lung thlana inphum, Puka inphum : Lung thlan leh lung puk vela
inphum an awm nual. Puk danga inphum chi pawh an awm tho.
4. In bula inphum : In bula inphum chi tam tak an awm. A chhan nib era
lang chu _mitthi kha nung reng tura beiseina a awm vangin, chhungte
bulhnaia awmah an duh a. thenkhat phei chuan mitthi kha hmeichhiaah
lo piang nawn leh ngeiin an ring. Rind an dang lehah chuan mitthi,
phum taka khan thiltihtheihna eng emaw tak nei leh thlen thei ngeiin an
ring.
5. Tuia inpaih : Mitthi ruang tuia paih mai chi pawh an awm. Tuia indah
mai thinte’n an tih chhan ni awm chu-chhungte ruh, kawng danga tihral
hreh hrim hrim vang te, thlarau eng chi ber emaw nena inremna atan te,
mitthi taksa chu mithmuh phak lohva a awm thuai duh vang te a ni ber
an ti. Mitthi azirin tui tling leh tui luang laia paih tur chite an nei bawk.
Entir nan – Mithianghlim nia ngaih (Sannyasis)-te chu tui luang lai entir
kher an duh.
6. Thing inphum : Hei hi an sawi chiang lo hle. Thing lian deuh an rek
kua a, an indah nge ni-a thing pum te deuhte an tawn khawm tih a hriat
loh. Thinga an inphum chhan ni bera an sawi chu mitthi ruang hi
ramsakawlhte’n an khawih chingpenloh nana a him theih nan. A dang
lehah chuan, thing chu rauvin emaw luah leh awmpuia an rin vang a ni.
Hetia thinga inphum hian, hun lo kal zeal mitthi kuang siam hi a hring
chhuak ni ngei chuan an sawi.
7. Hlumbel inphum : Mi thenkhat, hlumbela indaha inphum chi an awm.
Inhalthinho pawhin hlumbela inphum hi an kawp chawk a ni awm e.
Ruh leh vap kang bangte kha hlumbelah an dah a, an phum leh thin a ni.
8. Tawn khawma inphum : Mi thenkhat, mitthi ruang an khup leh awm
insi renga tawn bet chunga phum duh kher an awm a. An tih chhan ni-a
an sawite chu :
(a) Thlarau (ghos)-in mitthi ruang chu a kan/rah loh nan.
(b) Naute a pian thlak hma-a a awm dan entir nan.
(c) Thlan laih hautak lutuk a lo ziaawm nan.
(d) Camp fire sira mihuaisen chungchuangte mut dan entir nan.
(e) Sannyasis leh mithianghlim dangte, pathian pawl lai (meditation)
entir nan. Zirtirtu ropui guru an tihte an thihin, anmahni
ngainatute’n hetianga phum kher hi an duh thin a, an bezui chawk
bawk a ni awm e.
 9. A ruka inphum : Tu ma hmuh leh hriat loh tura mitthi ruang phum
duh tlat pawh an awm. A chhan chu-huai (mitthi ruang khawih chingpenthei)
hnawh bon an leh a hmuh loh tura dah an duh vang a ni.

Duhthusama mitthi ruang sawngbawl thei lote nun zui dan tura an
rind an a chiang lo va. An sawngbawl theihho pawh tholeh tur an ni nge ni lo,
engtin nge an awm zel dawn tih lam hi chhuina hmuh tur a vang.

B. Hindu-ho mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan

Hindu-hote hi thih hnu nun thu-a rin dan chi hrang hrang nei leh
beiseina nei thui tak an ni. Miruang sawngbawl danah minungdamte’n mawh an
phur thui hle an ti (5). An rin dan langsar pakhat chu hetiang deuh hi a ni – Mi a lo
thih hian, Yama (mitthi pathian) awmnaah kal ngei tur niin an ngai. Yama awmna
hmun chu pathianho, leh thlahtu bul, mi zahawm leh ngaihsanawmhote, hlim leh
nuam taka an chenhona a ni. Khawi lam nge a awmna hmun erawh sawi a harsa.

Hindu-ho chuan inhal ral hi mitthi ruang an sawngbawl dan lar ber a
ni. Mahsa, Rigveda 10.18.10f leh 10.15.14-te chuan, inhal ral lo pawha mitthi
ruang sawngbawl dan kawng dang a awm tho thu an sai tlat (6); chu vangin, inhal
ral hi zawm loh theih loh thil zawng a ni lo a ang hle. Inhal chungchanga an rin
danah erawh chuan, mitthi ruang hal ral chu vanrama kal tura inthawina hlannaah
an ngai. An sawi dan pakhatah phei chuan ti hian an ti, “Mitthi chu khuarkhurum
atangin a lo chhuak a, meikhu rualin vanah a lawn ve leh a ni” (7). Hindu-hote chu
mei pathian Agui ngaisang leh be thinte an ni a. Mei chu, tithianghlimtu,
bawlhhlawh kangraltu, pianthatlehna bul a nih thu hnam hrang hrang thawnthuin a
lo sawi bawk nen. Hindu ho tan chuan inhal chu duhawm tak a ni reng a. An
sakhaw lehhkabu chi khat, ‘ Upanishads,’ an tihah pawh, inhal chuan mihring
taksa bawlhhlawh kha a kang ral a, vapah a chang ta tih a sawi a(8). Chu vangin,
an tan chuan inhal chu thih hnu nun atana mei Pathian Agui-in mihringte a
buatsaihna mei nite pawhin a rin theih. Mitthi ruang an hal laiin an sakhaw
thurinte chu thu leh hla-in an puangin an sawi reng bawk. Ruang hal laiin, mitthi
chhungte chu ruang ral zawh hma-in an In lam an pan tir thin. Lungchhia pawh an
inhnem ve thin.

Hindu-ho thih hnu nun rin danah hian hriat hmaih hauh loh tur awm
bawk chu- mi, a hiltih azirin tha/chhe zawk in a piang nawn le hang tih rind an
(Karma-Samsara doctrine) an nei bawk. Hei hi mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan nen an
sawi zawm lo hle bawk si. J.Bruce Long chuan, “ Hindu-ho rind an chuan, mihring
thlarau hian thihna leh pian nawnna a pelh hnu-ah, Pathian hnenah nun hlun a nei
ang a; mahni tan chauh ngaihtuah lova, pathian duh dan a kal leh nung ngam
chuan, lungngaih leh thihna piah lamah pathian nena inpawlna nun hlu chu a
famkimin a chang dawn tih a lo sawi ve bawk a (9). Mahse, hen grin dante hi
mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan nen an sawi zawm vak si lo. Mitthi ruang hi chu an
duh dana urhsunin an sawngbawl mai te pawh a ang thei tho. Hindu-ho rin danah
leh mitthi ruang leh an hal ral vap enkawl zui danah, sawi tur tam tak, heta tar lan
sen loh hi a awm.

C. Bubbhist-ho mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan

Buddhist-ho ngaih danah chuan, an hotupa Gautama Buddha hun

atangin, thihna hi tuarnaa khat leh thil tawn hreawm em em niin an ngai a; chu
mai ni lovin, sual hremna nite pawhin an hria a, thihna leh hremna chu thil
thuhmun niin an sawi hial a ni (10). Chutih laiin, nun lehna intanna ni-a an ngaih
ve tho bawk si avangin an ngainep hauh lo va. Thlanmual tlawh te, inhalna hmun
tlawh te, mitthi ruang tlukna hmun tlawh te, ruang chunga hunserh ang chi hman
te leh mumal nei taka mitthi ruang sawngbawlna lamah te chuan Buddhist
puithiamhote chu an urhsun hle. Hindu-hote ang deuh vin, mi, a thiltih azirin
dinhmun tha/chhe zawk changing a piang nawn le hang tihte chu an pawm nghet
hle.

Mitthi ruang an tihral danah pawh chi hrang hrangin an ti niin a lang.
A duh an hal a, tuiah te an paih bawk a, inphum an awm bawk a, a then chu
insawngbawl tehchiam awm lovin an inpho char mai mai a, thli leh khaw lumte’n
a len in a ti tawih ral mai a ni awm e(12). Mitthi taksa chu engti pawhin ti se, a
nun tak tak (a thlarau tih tur nge a mihring nihna tak) kha chu chung lam vanah
hruai chhohvin a awm ta nia sawina leh rinna a lian (13). A ruang sawngbawl lam
aiin, a thih dawn darkara a rilru leh ngaihtuahna a hman dank ha an ngai
pawimawh a. Thih dawna a rinna nghet taka vaunt leh Buddha ngaihtuah reng
chunga thi chu, thih hnu-ah chuan pathian ang lo ni dawn nit e pawhin sawina a
awm (14). Hetiang a nih avang hian, mi, a thi dawn ta ngei nia an hriat chuan, a
bul hnaiah awmin, “ I tan Buddha biakna (puja) kan buatsaih e; I thlarau chu
Buddha-ah chawl rawh se.” (15) tih te sawiin, pangpar te, thil rimtui leh khawizu
te nen, mitthi pual a Buddha biakna hnuhnung an buatsaih thin a, an thilhlan turte
chu, mitthi turte chu an khawihtir thin(16). Mitthi ruang an tihral dan chipchiar
taka chhui a har. Thih hnu-ah, Nirvana an tihah, an rindan nghet taka vuantute tan
nuam taka chawlhna a awm tih erawh an ring (18).

D. Muslim-ho tih ve dan

Quran-in a sawi danin, mi tin hi thihna tem tur thawhlehna ni-ah

chuan nun leh tur a ni awm e (Quran III 182). Muslim-hote rin dana thil
chhinchhiah ngei ngei tur awm chu, mitthi turin an Kalima a sawi theih phawt
chuan, an ngaih a tha em em mai hi a ni(Kalima an tiha chu a thurin puanchhuah
hi a ni a, an puanchhuah a ber chu, “Allah chauh lo chu pathian a awm lo va;
Muhammad-a hi a tirhkoh/zawlnei a ni,” tih hi). Miin hei hi a sawi theih chuan, a
thih hnu nun turah pawh an ngaih a tha hle niin a lang a; chuvangin, hemi sawi
thei tur hian an theih ang tawkin an intanpui thin. Mitthi ruang an tihral danah
erawh chuan tih dan hrang hrang,ram hrang hrangah a awm a; India rama Muslim-
hote tih dan tlangpui lo thlir ila. Chu pawh chu a in ang diam diam vek lo thei
bawk. Han sawi lan theih langsar deuhvah chuan, Muslim, eng mi pawh a lo thih
chuan, a ruang chu bualin an tifai a; puanin an khuh a. Tul neuh neuh an tihfel
hnu-in, an sakhaw hruaitu-Imam an tihte’n tawngtaina te an hmang a; tichuan,
thlan lam an panpui ta a. Thlanah chuan, “Pathian/Allah leh Muhammad-a sakhaw
hmingin thlanah kan dah a che,” (18) tia sawiin ruang chu an thlak thin.

Muslim-hote hian kuang hman hi an uar lo va; phal loh chu a ni

chiah awm lo ve. Hetia thlana an dah hnu hian mitthi hming leh a pualin Quran thu
thenkhatte an chhiar leh a. TThlan atanga pen sawmli vela hla kalin, chuta tang
chuan an Kalima bawk kha an puang leh a. Hemi an tih chhan chu mitthi
thlarauvin an Muslim angel/vantirhkoh Munkar leh Nakir-te’n zawhna an zawh
huna tha taka an chhan theih nana tanpuina leh, an thurin an benga hriata tihrikna
hnuhnungah an ngai a ni. Heng an vantirhkohte zawhna hi tha tak a an chhan theih
chuan, an thlante tihzau leh tihthawven niin, an hreawm nep deuh ang a, tha taka
zawhnate an chhan theih loh chuan, an hreawm hle dawn a ni awm e(19). Tin,
mitthi tana mi nungdamte’n an tih, chhinchhiah tlak tak chu Mecca lam hawi kher
a miruang an dah thin hi a ni, hei hian an ngaih a titha hle. Mitthi sun zui dan
lamah pawh Muslim-hote an urhsun thei hle. Muslim-ho hian inphum bak hi
mitthi tihral dan an nei lo nge, an nei anih pawhin an tilar vak lo; an chanchin tak
zawk a chhui zel hi thil tul tak ani awm e. Mitthi ruang hi an duh angina
sawngbawl thei lo ta se, a thih hnu nunah eng angin nge a pawi theih tih hriat mai
a har hrih a ni.

E. Japanese ho mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan

Mifing leh taima ni a kan hriat thin Japanese hote’n hmanlai a an

mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan vet hung chu, bukte-a rei tak dah ani mai a, thla 19
laite an dah e an tih chu (20). Rimawi leh lam chi hrang hrangte hmangin miruang
chu an awi thin. Chhungkaw hotu in mitthi chungchang amah fakna thu te a sawi
a, invuina ruai te an theh bawk thin. Kum zabi rukna (6th Cent. AD) vela an rama
Buddhism lo lutin an tih dan te a rawn her danglam tir deuh va. A.D 703 velah
phei chuan in halte pawh an lo tan veta a. A.D 703 atanga 1644 chhung zawnga
Japanese Emperor zawng zawngte chu an ruang hal ral vek ani an tih chu (21).
Kum zabi 10 na (10th Cent. A.D) vela tang khan Japanese sakhua Shinto an tih
chuan, mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan mumal deuh a rawn zirtir tan chauh reng a.
Shinto hi chuan in hal lam a sawimawi hran lo va; inphum lam a rawn vawrh lar
zawk. An inphum dawn chuan tul engkim an tihfel hnuah mitthi ruang chu thlanah
dahin an chin a. A vuina huaihawttu ber Moshu an tih chu heti hian a tawngtai a: “
Tunah he mitthi thlarau, pathiana lo chang ta hi ka be (address) duh ani”, tiin.

Shinto-ah hian inhal chu a awm lem lo nain, a khap bur lo ani ang.
Japanese-ho zingah inhal tawk an awm chho ve reng. An inhal vek chuan an uluk
hle a, kuangte pawh mitthi ruang kan ral ruala kang ral ve mai lo tur khawpa tlo an
siam thin. Inhal zawhah kang bang, ruh leh vap te an la khawm a, inah hawnin an
dah tha thin. Kang bang thenkhat, inhalna hmuna phuma, a then khaw chhungah
hawna dah that anga sawina pawh a awm (23).

F. Juda-hote Mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan

Juda-hote tih dan hi a chipchiarin kan chhui lo ang a. Hmanlai

(Thuthlung Hlui hun lai ani ber) Juda-hote’n mitthi ruang an tih ral dan ber chu
inphum ani. Hei hi an chin kumkhua a ni awm e. Inphumna bik hmun leh thlan
rote an nei (Gen. 23:19, 20 25:9, 49:30,31 50:13). Vantlang inphumna thlanmual
pawh an nei (II Lalte 23:6 Jer. 26:23). An inphum thin tih Bible chang eng emaw
zat a awm thei ang. Mitthi ruang, tawihtheihlohna damdawi leh rimtui hnawih tih
vel hi Judate’n an ching hran lo; Aigupta hote’n an ching thung (Gen. 50:2, 26).

Juda-hote zingah mitthi ruang hal ral an ching hran lo va; tul bikna
avanga inhal erawh chu in huatna a awm lo a ni ang. A tulna-in a nawr vang nge
ni, lal Saula leh a fapa-hote pawh kha an ruang chu Jabes-Gilead-a awmte’n an hal
a nih kha (II Sam. 21:12 – 14, I Sam. 31:13).

Hmun thenkhatah mihring nung lai inhal hlum theih dan a lang a;
mahse, hei hi misual zual deuhte sawisakna tura tih niin a lang thung (Gen. 38:24;
Lev. 20:14, 21: 9, Jos. 7:15, 25). Mei mit lo chu bawhchhetu halna mei niin min
hrilh (Isa. 66: 24).

Mitthi, phum si lohva a ruang pho chhuaha tar lan hi, a tawngtu tan
vanduaithlak leh zahthlak tawp niin a lang (Deut. 21:22, 23; II Sam. 21:9 f; I
Lalte. 14:11; Jer. 7:33; Eze. 29:5).

Thuthlung Thar hunah erawh chuan, phum tur mitthi taksa hriak
hnawih leh puan-zaisina tuam te an ching ta a ni ang (Joh. 19:39f). Thlana inphum
bak hi mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan an nei lo nge, inphum hi a lar ber niin a lang
(TT. 8:2; Joh. 11:38).

Vawiinah, engtin tak nge an la tih zel tih te, mitthi ruang an
sawngbawl danin an thih hnu nun atana an rin dan a nghawng dan te kan tar lang
thei rih lo a ni.

G. Kristiante mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan kal zel

Thuthlung Thar huna Kristiante’n inphum bak chu chin thar an neih
a lang lem lo a ni ang. Donald M. Lake chuan, Kristiante tan chuan taksa hi
Thlarau Thianghlim In a nih avangin, mi, a lo thih pawhin a taksa dah that danah
an ulukin an fimkhur tih thu sawiin, thlanmual te pawh tawngtaina leh Pathian
pawlna atan an hman fo tâk thu a sawi (24). A sawi zui zelnaah chuan,
Kristiante’n inhal hi an khap lo nain, inphum hi an thawhlehna thurin nen a inrem
deuh avanga Tertulliana te leh Augustine-a te pawhin lo thlang zawk zel an nih thu
te a sawi bawk. James Tailor chuan, ‘Kristian hmasate chuan inhal hi an hlau hran
nain, Juda-te lo tih \hin dan – inph<m hi entawnin an inphum vet a zel mai,’ a ti
thung (25). Hun lo kal zelah erawh chuan Kristiante zingah pawh inhal pawiti lo
leh duh zawk an lo chhuak zel a, mi tam tak an inhal ve ta a ni.

Inhal hrim hrim hi chu, hmanlai a\ang tawhin khawvel ram tina mi,
sakhaw hrang hrang vuantute’n (Egypt leh China – ah tih loh chuan) mitthi taksa
tihral dan chi khata ngaiin an lo ching tawh a. A \obul nia an hriat chu – Etruscan-
ho leh Greek-hote’n an ching a, chu chu Rom-hovin an entawn a (26), a lo darh ta
zel a ni ang. Chinese-hovin inhal an duh ve eih lohna chhan nia an sawi chu an
ram leilung ngeia inphum an duh vang a ni an ti (27). Tunlaia inhal lo lar zual ta hi
erawh chu, kum 1874-a Sir Henry Thomption-a’n Cremation, The Treatment of
the Body after Death tih lehkhabu a ziak a\ang khan ani. A hovin Jan. 13, 1874
khan ‘Cremation Society of England’ an din a. An tum ber chu, inphum dan
buaithlak tak hi a \hat loh avanga tihdanglam leh, minungte tana pawi si lo zawnga
mitthi taksa chu a rang thei anga tihral dan kawng zawn a ni ber (28). USA lamah
1876 a\angin inhal a lo lar \an chho bawk a (29). Kum 1883-ah South Wales-a Dr.
William Price-in, a fa sen thi a han hal meuh kha chuan, an la sawisel fu tho mai a.
Mahse, 1884 chuan inhal chu an ram danin a phal diam mai; 1902-ah phei chuan
Cremation Act chenin passed a lo ni ta.

Chu mai ni lovin, an ram chhung hmun 8 lai maiah chuan inhalna
siam a lo nit a hial (30). Kum zabi 20-na han chuankai meuh chuan inhal a lo lar
viau va; zabi chanve a’n kal meuh phei chuan Great Britain-ah chuan nuai telin
inhal an lo duh a. Mitthi zawng zawng hmun thuma thena hmun khat lai chu inhal
an lo nit a der mai. Inhalna hmun pawh 160 chuang a lo awm ta. Heng inhalna
hmun pawh hian ‘garden of remembrance’ an siam a; tah chuan hal ral tawhte vap
chu a duhin an phum a; tah chuan an tidarh mai bawk thin.

Tunah hian khawvel hmun hrang hranga mite’n inhal an lo uar tial
tial a; Scandinavia ramah te, Australia leh New Zealand-ahte mi tam tak an inhal
ta. Kum 1950 hnu hian, USA-ah mitthi nuai tam an hal tawh a; inhalna hmun
pawh za tel fe a awm bawk. Ram hrang hrangah Cremation Society an din chum
chum a; International Cremation Federation chuan London-ah Headquarters neiin,
kum thum danah inhmuhkhawmna te a buatsaih thin a. Inhal hi khawvel mi inte
tan chin thana hman chhoh a nih theih nan a bei mek a ni (31). Tunah chuan
Kristian tam tak pawhin, inhal hi mitthi taksa tihral dan awlsam leh tha nia, ngaiin,
an ching uar deuh deuh zawng a ni ngei mai. Thih hnuah nun lama nghawng a
neih an ring lo nge, chutiang chhutna awm lem lovin, a awlsam vang te, kawng
danga mitthi ruang sawngbawl a tih theih thlawt loh vangte leh chhan dang a
vangin inhal hi an ti ve mai tih chu zawhfiah vek theih a ni ta lo.
H. Mumala sawngbawl theih loh mitthi ruang

Thih dan pangngai deuh a thi te chu chhungkua leh thenrual tha te’n
theih tawp chhuahin an ruang an sawngbawl thei a. Chutih laiin, mitthi ruang,
chhungte leh thenrual te’n duh anga sawngbawl theih hauh lovin, khawvel hmun
hrang hrangah an let rem rum thei. Eng sakhaw vuan pawh nise, eng rindan pawh
neise, thih hnu nunna beiseina thui tak nei leh nei mang lo pawh, a taksa thi thei
sawngbawl duh dan nei ru riau leh nei lemlo pawh, mia ber a tanga fingber
thlengin, ruang sawngbawl theih miah lovin a thi thei tho mai. Heng a hnuaia
thihna rapthlak tak takte a vang hian tu ruang pawh hmun leh sawngbawl phak
lohin a awm mai thei.

1. Mei kang
2. Tui tla ruang hmuh loh
3. Lirthei chi hrang hrang leh boruak a chetsual a vang a ruang
hriat hran theih loh leh hmuh loh
4. Ramsa kawlhte eiral
5. Hmelma kuta thi thuhruk bo
6. Tih duhdahna chi hrang hrang a vanga tihhlum ruang hmuh
loh
7. Mahni inti hlum leh midang intihhlum tirtu kuta thi bo
8. Engvang pawh a ruang hmuh theih loh

Thih hnu-a nun dan tur hi mitthi ruang sawngbawl danin a nghawng
dawn ta nisela, mimal a sawngbawl ve theih lova thite chan tur hi engnge nita ang
le? Mi, a duhdan ni miah lovin, a sakhaw vawnin a zir dana thih hnu nun awm dan
tura beisei pawh chu a thihdan rapthlak tak a vangin a chan dawn tae m ni ang? Mi
tute pawh hi a chunga tarlan tak thihna rapthlak tak hian min nang their eng bawk
si a. Kan duh leh rin dan pawh hian thu a nei thui lo hle a ni lawm ni?

Thu tlangkawmna

Mitthi ruang sawngbawl duh dan inang lo tak tak kan sawi lang a
sakhaw hrang hrang vuan tute’n thih hnu nun awm dan tur an beisei dan pawh a in
ang lo hle hlawm mai. Kristian ni lote mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan pawh a inang
vek lova; thih hnu nun an rind an leh mitthi thlarau kal na tur a an rin pawh a in
ang hek lo. Mitthi taksa an duh dan a an sawngbawl theih leh theih lovin thih hnua
thlarau nun zui dan tur a nghawng theih dan phei chu felfai leh fiah taka chhui a
harsa hle. An duh ang taka an sawngbawl theih mitthi khan thih hnu nunna rin dan
an neih kha a famkimin an chang ang a; mitthi ruang, duh anga sawngbawl theih
loh khan a chang famkim ve dawn ta lo em ni ang? Chhan a harsa tak meuh meuh
a ni
 Kristiante zingah pawh mimal tinin thih hnu nun kan rindan hi a in
ang tak tak a em? Kan thih hnu nun hi kan mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan hian a
nghawng ngei kan ti ngam em? Lo nghawng ta ni sela-mitthi ruang kan
sawngbawl dan chu a va in ang ta si lo em! A thenin thlan a inphum ngei loh
chuan thawhleh na chang lo turin kan in ngai a chutih laiin, khawvel hmun danga
kan Kristian unaute chuan an remchan dan angin inphum leh inhalte an ching
bawk si. Duh vang reng pawh nilovin, kan Kristian thian thenkhatte chu an ruang
phum theih loh leh hmuh pawh hmuh phak lovin an thi mek zel a ni. Mizo Kristian
tam takin kan rind an anga hawhlehna te hi thlan a phum takte chauh loh chuan
chan ve loh tur nita mai sela-kohhran hmasa huna mihuaisen Polycarp-a, a lalpa a
phat duh loh avanga hal hlum tak khan thawhlehna hi a chang ve dawn lo em ni
ang? Kan Kristian thurinna thawhlehna hi mitthi ruang sawngbawl danin a tih
danglam theih tur chi a ni ang em? Chhut chian zawng a ngai a ni.

Mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan hrang hrang zingah keini Mizorama

Kristiante tan hian eng hi nge chin thanah nei ila tha be rang? Tuna kan chin mek
thlana inphum hi kan ram leilung leh mipuite khawsak dan hian a tlin zel ang em?
Kan tlin renga lo tlin zel ta lo ni ila, engtin nge ni ang? Mitthi ruang chu-tui a paih,
puk a dah, pho ro leh ramsate ei tur a pek emaw, hal ral tur emaw ni ang le?
Sakhaw dang vuan tute tih dan ni a kan ngaih ngheh tlat te hi zui ve a rem lo bur
dawn em ni? Kristian thurin nen a inkalh tlat a kan ngaih chuan inphum kim loh
leh kawng danga mitthi ruang sawngbawl duh te lo awm sela kohhran atangin kan
hnawtchhuak mai dawn nge, thawhlehna kan chang ve dawn lo tih kan puang ang?
Phum ve loh, thlan nei ve loh, an ruang sawngbawl ve theih lova thihna rapthlak
tawk tute nen hian thawhlehnate hi kan chang tlang thei an gem maw chu thlan a
phumte chauh hian thih hnu a thawhlehnahi kan chang dawn tiin ring ila chu kan
rind an chu dik ta nghal sela chuan, phum ve loh kan Kristian unaute nen chuan
kan inthen kumkhua tawh dawn a ni mai a a lungchhiatthlak hle ang le. Mitthi
ruang sawngbawl danin Kristiante thurina thawhlehna a nghawng theih dan hi
chiang takin hre thei ila chu rilru a dam thei ngei ang le.

Sawi ho turte

1. Mitthi ruang sawngbawl thu-ah chin dan nghet pakhat chauh

neih hi kan ram atan a la tha zel em? Thlana inphum lova
mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan dap ve hi kan ram dinhmun leh
mipuite khawsak dan enin a hun ve tawh kan tie m?
2. Mitthi ruang sawngbawl dan chi hrang hrang tarlan takte
zingah khan, eng kha nge Kristiante thihhnu nun
(thawhlehna) rind an nen inmil ber anga, a eng kha nge kan
rind an nen in kalh be rang? A chhan sawilan nise.
Note
1. Th. P.Van Baaren, ‘ Death’ in The Encyclopadia of Religion Vol. 4
(Ed. By Mircea Eliade), New York : Macmillan Publishing
Company, 1087, p.251.
2. L. De La Vailec Paussin, ‘ Death and Disposal of the Dead
(Buddhist)’ in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics Vol. 4 (Ed.
By James Hastings), Edinburgh: T&T. Clark, 1981, p 446.
3. W.Crooke, ‘Death and Disposal of the Dead (Indian, non-Aryan),’
ERA Vol.4,pp.479-482.
4. Louis Vincent Thomas, ‘Funeral Rites’ in ER Vol. 5,p 456.
5. A. Hillebrandt, ‘Death and Disposal of the Dead (Hindu)’ in ERE
Vol.4, p.475.
6. Ibid
7. Ibid p. 477
8. Louis Vincent Thomas, Op cit. p. 457.
9. J.Bruce Long,’ Life’ in ER Vol. 8, p.545.
10. Poussin, Op cit. p.446
11. Ibid
12. Ibid. p.448 (footnotes).
13. Ibid
14. Ibid. p 449.
15. Ibid
16. Ibid
17. J.Bruce Long. Op cit. p. 546.
18. Christian W. Trell, ‘Muslim festival and ceremonies’ in The
Muslims of India-Beliefs and Practices (Ed. By Paul Jackson),
Bangalore : Theological Publications in India, 1988, pp. 56-60.
19. Stanley Lane-Poole, ‘ Death and Diposal of the Dead
(Muhammadan)’ in ERE Vol.4 p.501.
20. A. Lloyd, ‘Death and Disposal of the Dead (Japanese)’ in ERE Ibid
p. 477Vol. 4, p.485.
21. Ibid
22. Ibid. p.488.
23. Louis Vincent Thomas, Op cit. p.457
24. Donald M.Lake ‘Burial Services’ in The New International
Dictionary of the Christian Church (Ed. By J.D.Doughlas), Grand
Rapids : Zondervan Corporation, 1987, p 168.
25. James Taylor,’Cremation’ in The New International Dictionary of
the Christian Church, p.271.
26. Ibid
27. P.H.Jones, ‘Cremation’in Encyclopaedia Britannica Ibid Vol.6
London William Benton 1964,p.721.
28. Ibid
29. James Taylor, Op cit. p.271.
30. P.H.Jones, Op cit.p.721.
 31. Ibid.p.722.

2. INHAL LEH THAWHLEHNA THURIN

Kan thupui “Inhal leh thawhlehna” tih hi mizote tan chuan

thil tahr tak pawh a ni thei awm e. Mizo Kristian inti te zingah ‘Inhal’ lam thute
alo ri ve mai hian min thawng viau pawh a ni mai thei. Thawhlehna thute phei hi
chu kan hriat lar leh kan thurin zinga pawimawh berte zinga mi a nih avangin
sawi chipchiar vak ngai pawhin a rin awm lova; mahse, tlem a zawnga tal chu a
sawi tel loh theih dawn lova. Chuvangin, kan thusawi tum tih fiah nan, a awm taw
kanga lang chu kan hriat hnu tam tak pawh nimahse, kan sawi tel lo thei dawn lo a
ni. Inhal thute phei hi chu Bible-ah kan hmuh bar loh avangin, Bible tlawh chhan a
sawi tur pawh a awm thei dawn lo a ni. Hetiang lam thupui a kan han neih tak tlat
maiah hian kan rilruin, “E hei! Kan kohhranah inhal an rawn rawt tan ve dawn a ni
maw?” pawh kan lo tit a a ni mai thei. Mahse, chutiang ngawt chu a nilo tih kan
hriat hmasak tha in a rinawm. He paper hrim hrim hi chuan inhal hi sawi mawia
tum hran dawn lova. A tum ber tur erawh chu: ruang hal(Inhal) hian kan
thawhlehna thurin hi a ti buai em, tih te leh kristiante tih ve theih a nih awm leh
awm loh thlir nan mai a ni. Hnam in tih than a kan lo neih (Tradition) hi tha ber
foa ngaih mai hi tha ber a ni a. Chhungkaw tih dante, kohhran leh hnamah te pawh
tih dan hlui hi rilrua cham nghet ber a ni duh fo mai. Thil tam tak hi ram leilung a
zirte, a hun lai a zirte, intih dan leh chin than zawgte a dang thei. Mizote nun
ngeiah pawh Kristian hmasa te’n an lo tih thin dante kha tam tak chu tun thleng a
kan la chhawm tak zelte awm bawk mahse, tam tak chu kan bansan tak sawi tur a
awm thei awm e. Chutiang bawkin, Lal Isua hun laia an tih dan tam tak mizote
tana theih ve loh a awm thei bawk. A chhanchu, kan hnam dan a inan loh vang a
ni. Mahse, chutia kan hnam dante a dan laiin, a lehlamah chuan an tihdan tha nia
kan hrait tam tak te chu lakve hram leh, kohhran ang pawh a entawn ve kan tum
nate pawh a awm thei fo bawk awm e.

Inhal kan sawi hian, Mizote rilru a chiangsa chu kristiante tih ve
awm a ngaih lohna leh Hindu-te tihawm chauhva ngaih na hi a ni. Amaherawhchu,
hnam a lo thang danglam ang zelin kan sakhaw biak dante leh chin dante pawh a
lo dang zel a. Chik zawk a sakhaw zirnate leh hnam in a mamawh ang mil zawnga
thil chin thenkhat te pawh tih danglam duhna te pawh a lo awm thin chuvangin,
tuna kan paper pawh hi zirna angah ngai ila.Inhal hi, keini Mizote hian lo ti ve
dawn tai la kan thawh leh na thurinte nen hian a inkalh em tih te kan thlir tum ni
sela. A pawnga takin inhal hi hlauhsa ngawt tur niin a rinawm lohva. Kan
thawhlehna thurin nen a inkalhte a nih erawh chuan kan pumpelh tum ngei tur a
nithung ang chuvangin, rilru inhawng takin hethu hi lo zir ho dawn ila :

Kan taksa siam hmang

 Mite’n zawhna an neih fo chu, mihringte bul tan dan hi a ni. Pathian
hian mihringte a siam hian thawk leh khatah a siam puitling nghal mai nge, zawi
muangin mihring pangngaiah an siam tih te leh, chung mihring lo puitlin chhoh
dante chu thil chhui harsa leh an ngaihtuah fo thin ni lawi si a ni. Scientist
thenkhatte ngaih dan phei chuan, mihring hi a tirah chuan ramsa mai kan ni a;
mahsa, hun lo kal zelah kan pian hmangte a lo dang chho hret hret a, kan
ngaihtuahnate pawh a lo fing deuh deuh va, tun dinhmun hi kan lo thleng ta a ni
tiin an ngai a. Mahse, chu lam chu kan chhui tam a tul lo vang a. Bible-in min
hrilh danah erawh hi chuan kan chian a tha awm e.

Kan Bible chuan, mihringte siama kana wm dan hmun hnihah min
hrilh a. A hmasa zawk chu Gen 1:26,27-ah a ni a, a dang chu Gen 2:7,21-23ah a
ni. Genesis ziaktu hian mihring siam chungchang hi hmun hnih atangin a dawng ni
ngei tur a ni; a nih loh leh a ziak tute hi an dang a ni thei. Mihring siam dan kan
hmuh hmasak zawk chu thil siam dangte nena a indawt dan anga ziak a ni a; kan
hmuh hnu hnun zawk erawh chuan thil siam indawt dan lam aiin, thil siam dangte
mihring nena an inkungkaihna lam a ngai pawimawh zawk a ni. Eng pawh ni se,
mihring siamna hmun hniha kan hmuhin a lantir chiang taka wm chu-“Mihringte
hi Pathian siamte kan ni,” tih hi a ni. Chu mihring siam tur chuan, Pathianin, “Kan
anpuiin, keimahni ang takin, mihring siam ila,” a ti a ni. Gen.2:7-ah chuan, chu
mihring chu taksa leh thlarau (soul) neiin a siam a ni tih kan hmu. Chu taksa chu
thil lo awm sa tawh, vaivuta siam a ni. Thlarau siamna erawh chu khawvela thil la
awm ngai lo, thil thar, Pathian nunna thawa siam a ni. Pathian chuan hluma siam
mihringah thaw lutin, nunna a lo pe ta a; mihring chu thlarau nung nei a lo nit a a
ni. Tichuan, mihring chu thil pahnih (Element)-taksa leh Pathian thaw (Spirit of
life) infin, minung lo nita chu a ni.

Kan hriat tawh angina, mihring taksa chu lei atanga siam a ni a(Gen
2:7). Tin, chu lei chu lei vek a kir leh hma loh chu, he taksa hi rim taka thawk tur a
ni tih kan hmu (Gen 3:19). Heta lei/vaivut hian thihna emaw, thlan emaw kawk
anga ngaih thin a ni. Tichuan, mihringte chu thi ngei tur, leia tui ral leh mai tur kan
nihzia a lang a ni.

Taksa thihna

Thihna hian khawvel mihring zawng zawngte a huap a. Thi thei lo

mihring kan awm love. Thihna bul rawn intanna chu Gen 3-ah kan hmu a, chu chu
thuawih lohna avanga a ni tih kan hmu. Chu chu Pathian anchhia, thuawihlohna
avanga kan hmuh a ni. Pawn lang taka ngaihtuah chuan, thihna lo awm chhan chu
Pathian anchhia, thuawihlohna avanga kan hmuh a ni. Pawnlang taka ngaihtuah
chuan, thihna lo awm chhan chu- natna vang te accident avangte leh duh reng
vanga mahni inthahna avang tein a lo awm a ni a. Chung thihnain min thawn nat
dan chu a inang viau awm e. Sakhaw hrang hrang betute’n thihna kan ngaih dan a
dang thei hle bawk.
 Mt. 10:28 leh Lk. 12 :4 chuan taksa thihna leh thlarau thihna awm
hrang ni awmin a sawi. Taksa chu thil nung (livingorganism) a nih laiin, thlarau
pawh chu thil nung hrang angina a ngaih theih a. Tichuan, taksa thihna (physical
death) chu taksa leh thlarau inthenna avanga taksa nunna lo tawp takna angina a
sawi theih a ni. Tichuan, thihna chu awm tawhlohna tihna a ni lo va, kiamna ang
zawk a ni. Thihna leh nunna hi awm (existence) leh awm lohna (non-existence)
inkalh ang a ni lo va, nun dan hrang lo awmna mai chauh niin a lang. Eng pawh ni
se, thihna chuan he kan taksa nunna hi a titawp a, mihring nun inkungkaihna hi a
tibuai thei ta thin a ni. Chu thlarau leh taksa inthenna tak chu taksa thihna kan tih
chu a ni.

Nunna tel lo taksa (Mitthi ruang)

Greek-ho chuan he kan taksa leh mihring nun hrim hrim pawh hi tan
In angina an ngai a. Chung mite ngaih dan chuan sual hlawm mai a ni. Mithi ruang
hi hnam hrang hrang leh sakhaw hrang biate’n kan sawngbawl dan a in ang lo em
em a. A thenin mitthi ruang an dimdawia an vawn uluk em em laiin, thenkhat
thung erawh chuan tenawmah an ngai vat mai a ni. Kan Bible-in min kawhhmuh
leh zirtir dan kan thlir chuan, Thuthlung hlui aanga vawiin thlenga Kristiante
chuan, thihna chu Pathian thu ti dik tuah kan ngai a. Lei chu leiah a kir leh na a ni.
Reiloteah rimchhe nghal thei mai, tui ral leh tawih ral mai tur a ni. He tawih thei
leh thi thei taksa ngawt hi chuan hlutna nei tawh lo mah se, tawihtheihlohna leh
thihtheihlohna, Lal Isua avanga kan chan hriatna avangin, a dimdawi thei ang leh
uluk thei ang berin kan indah thin. Phuma kana wm hmain kan intah a, lainate’n
ruang kan thlir a, pngparte an chungah dahin, rimtuite pawh kan hnawih thin. Hei
hian a dam chhunga a thiltih leh nunthlakhlelhna leh ngaihsanna a entir a; chu mai
ni lovin, Krista anga tholeh tur a nihna thlirin zah takin leh dimdawi takin kan
invui liam thin a ni.

Mitthi dah that/bo dan

He thu kan sawi dawn hian kan rilru-ah zawhna pawimawh tak a
awm nual thei nghal awm e. Pathian thu-in engang takin nge mitthi ruangte hi dah
tha tura min hrilh? He thu chhanfiahna tur hi Bible atang chuan mumal taka neih a
har viau mai. Thuthlung Hlui atanga kan en chuan, a tlangpuiin Judate chuan
inphum hi an hmang ber a ni tih chu kan hre thei a ni. Inhal pawh hi hmun
thenkhatah chuan a kang bang tal an phum thin ni pawhin a lang. Inphum tih
awmzia chu leia khuhbo tihna a ni. Rom-ho danah chuan, ruang phum reng reng
chu, a taksa, a eng a mah a lang tur a ni lo va; lang lai a awm chuan phum anga
ngaih a ni thei lo a ni.

Greek-ho leh Rome-hote’n phum tura mi an sawngbawl dan a inang

chiah lo va. A tlangpuia an tih dan inang chu, a thih veleh a taksa an tithianghlim
hmasa a, a kawr fai an haktir a, khumah an zalh a, lainate’n an tah ve chiam thin.
Neinung deuhte phei chuan tap tur ringawtte, hlawh neiin an ruai thin. Chumi hnu-
ah, khawpui pawn phumna hmun tur ruat bik laiah emaw, kawngpui sirah emaw
an phum thin. Rom-ho chuan mitthi chhungte ram ngeia phum turah hun hmasa
lam deuhte kha chuan an ngai nghe nghe thin. Greek-te chuan, mitthi an phum hnu
nit hum atanga ni kua-ah, Mizovin thlanchhiah an tih ang hi an p eve thin. Rome
mite chuan, chumi ni kaw hnu lam atang chuan an insunna a tawp nghal turah an
ngai a ni.

Kan Bible chuan,mitthite dah that/phum dan chi hrang hrang min
hrilh a. Juda-hote chuan, mi an thihin, an thih atanga darker 24 chhung ngeia
phum hman hram an tum thin (Ency.of Rel &Ethics Vol. 4p 498). An sun hun
chhung rei lam chu a thi a zir a ni ber a. Hun hmasa lamah chuan khawpui
chhungah an inphum deuh ber thin. Palestina ramah chuan mitthite dahna atana
remchang tak tak, puk a tam mai a, chungah chuan an dah ber thin. Greco-Roman
hun lai chuan puk siam chawp tam tak an nei a, chungte pawh chu an hmang lar
hle bawk.

Aigupta-hovin an ngaih dan chuan, mitthi hian an thih hnu-ah pawh

hna la thawk chhunzawm zel turah an ngaih avangin, an chhungte thi ruang kha a
rei thei ang ber kawl that an tum thin. An ruang chhungte’n an kawl that chhung
chuan, an hna la thawk ho tur angina an ngai a ni. Chutianga an thih hnu pawha
hna la thawk chhunzawm tura an ngaih avang chuan, an chhiahhlawh emaw, an
nupui emaw, thawhpuitu atan an that ve nghal bawk thin.

Thuthlung Hlui hun laia kan hmuh dan chuan, Israel-hote chuan
mitthite hi phum emaw, puka dah emaw ngei turah an ngai nghet a ni. “Lei atanga
lak chhuah I ni si a: vaivut I ni a, vaivutah I kir leh tur a ni,” (Gen 3:19). Pathianin
a tih hi leia phum leh ngei hian a zawm berin an hria a ni. An ramah puk remchang
tak takte a lo awm bawk avangin a phuma inphum hi an rilru a dik ber nia hriat a
ni.

Inhal pawh hi Thuthlung Hlui hunah hian an hmang vet ho bawk tih
chu kan hria. Amaherawhchu, thil hmanhmawhthlakah leh remchanna riau a awm
zawk tum chauhvin an hmang ni chuan a lang. Saula leh a fapate pathum Philistia-
hote’n mualpho taka kulh banga an tar lai khan, Israel-hote khan an va la a, an hal
a, an ruhte erawh chu, thing hnuaiah an phum tak thu kan hmu (I Sam. 37:8-12).
Amosa hun lai pawhin inhal hi an lo ching ve tawh reng ni awmte pawhin a ngaih
theih bawk (Amosa 6:10).

Palestina rama Israel-hovin an chin lar tak chu, chhungkaw thlan

neih hi a ni. Chhungkaw thlanah chuan an chhungte thi a piang chu an inphum mai
thin (Ror. 8:32, 16:31; II Sam 2:32, 17:23, 21:12-14). Samuela leh Joaba phei chu
anmahni In ngeiah an phum tih kan hmu (I Sam 25:1;I Lal.2:34) Mumal taka
thlana inphum loh chu vanduaina rapthlak takah an ngai a ni (I Lal,13:22; Jer
16:6). Hriatrengna lungphum pawh an ti ve zauh zauh bawk niin a hriat a (II Sam
18:18). Misual, thi tlaka vantlangin an ngaihte thlan pawh a bik takin an
chhinchhiah a, lung an tiang sang thur thin (Jos 7:26;II Sam 18:17;Jos 8:29,10:27).

Kohhran hmasa Chanchin lama kan hmuh dan pawhin mitthi phum
hi an tih dan ber a ni. Mitthi ruang hi a dimdawi thei ang berin an sawngbawl thin.
A chhan chu, taksa hi “ Thlarau thianghlim In” anga ngaih a nih vang niin a lang.
Kristian Thlanmual bik awmna hmasa bera an sawi chu Rome khaw bulah a ni a.
Rom sawrkar na hnuaiah Kristiante kha nasa taka tihduhdah leh thah an lo tam
take m avangin, a bika thlanmual hial siam sak an lo ngai ta a ni. Tlem a hun a lo
kal leh deuh hnuin, chung thlanmualte chu hmun thianghlim ang hiala ngaih a lo
ni ta a. A chhehvelahte Biak In sain, Pathian pawlna hmun pawimawh taka ngaih a
lo ni chho ta hial a ni.

Amaherawhchu, thil pakhat kan chhinchhiah ve tur chu-Kohhran din

tan chhoh vel lai khan inphum hi an thlan zawk ni mah se, inhal hi an khap ngai lo
a ni(Tertulian De Anima 51, Origen, Contra Celsus 5:23, 5:30; Augustine De
Civitate De 1:12-13). Kum zabi 8-na hma lamah kha chuan Thawhlehna te, Isua lo
kal leh na thurin avangte leh Martarte hlutna an uar em emna avang tein mitthi
vuina inkhawm hi hun hlimawm leh lawmna hun hun niin an ngai nghet hle a. A
hnu lamah erawh chuan lungngaihna lam zawnga rthlirna avangin, kawr var hak
aiin kawr dum hak nan an hmang tan leh ta a ni an ti.

Inhal hi Roman Empire-ah pawh khan an lo ching ve tawh tho mai a.

Amaherawhchu, kum zabi pangana lai vel khan khawthlang Kohhrante chuan an
khap tlat thung a ni. Kum zabi 19-na tawp lamah khan, Europe ram tam takte
chuan inhal hi tha zawka an hriat avangin, a duh pawl (Society) te an din a; inhal
hi ram dan pawhin mitthite vui nan pawm tlak a nihzia an tar lang hial a ni.

Roman Catholic Kohhran erawh chuan, chu dan chu an duh lo hle a.
Kum 1886 khan code of Canon Law-ah an pawmpui theih lohna an tar lang hial a
ni. Inhal duhtute erawh chuan, kawng hnihin an sawi mawi vet hung a: (i) Inhal
chu hriselna lam atan a tha, tih leh (ii) Ram humhalhna a ni, tizawngin an sawi
mawi a ni. Roman Catholic Kohhran pawhin hei hi kawng hnihin a do let ve leh
bawk a. (1) Inhal hian kristiante invuina dan (e.g. Liturgy) a kalh a ni. (2) Kum
zabi 19-na huna inhal duh zawktute hian, khawvel rilru chauh an pu a, Catholic
ngaih dan do hrim hrim hi an chak ve a ni an tit hung.

Kum 1960 hnu lam atang kha chuan, inhal chungchanga Kristiante
ngaih dan a lo dang tan ta a. U.S.A-a Protestant Kohhrante pawhin Kristian dik tak
rilru puin, Catholic-te do duh vang hrim hrim ni lovin, inhal hi an lo duh ve tan ta
a ni. Chung inhal duhtute chuan taksa an ngaihnep vang ngawta duh an ni lo va,
mitthite thawhlehna an hnawl vang pawh a ni hek lo. Roman Catholic Kohhranin
tun hmaa inhalte hrem theihna dan (C.I.C.c1240) lo siam tawhin, 5th July, 1963
khan an hlip leh tawh a ni (Encyclopaedia Dic. Of Religion, p 945). Hei hian an
tun hma ngaih dan an thlak nasat tawhzia a tilang a ni.

Tunlai hian inhal hi Britain-ah U.S.A-ah an tilar sawt hle a, a bik

takin Britain-ah phei chuan an uar tahr lehzual a, mitthi vui 60% te chu hal an niin
an sawi. (Death by Cotherall,p 61) Archbishop William Temple-a meuh pawh
1944 khan a ruang an hal a ni.

Thawhlehna thurin

Thuthlung Hluiah : “Thuthlung Hlui hunah mitthi

thawhlehna an hre lo; an hria a nih pawhin tlaikhawhnuah chauh hriat a ni ang,”
tia sawina a awm thin. Ngaih dan lar takah chuan thawhlehna thu hi Israel-hote
chuan an mahni mai chuan ngaih dan pawh an nei lova, Persia-ho ngaih dan
atanga an neih ve tan chauh niin an sawi thin. Mimal thawhlehna thurin neih ve
tanna phei chu Saltan hnu atang chauhvin a ni. Chu vangin, TThuthlung Hluiah
thawhlehna thu hian zirtirnaah hmun pawimawh a luah phak rih vak lo a ni.

Hetiang ngaih dan hi awm bawk mahse, Thuthlung Hluiah hian

hmun tam takah thawhlehna kan hmu a ni. Abrahama’n a fapa Isaaka kha Moria
tlanga a hlan dawn khan, Pathianin a kaitho leh main a ring a(Gen 22:5;
Heb11:19). Sam ziaktu pawhin a thlarau Seol-ah hnutchhiah main a ring lo (Sam
16:10). Isaia pawhin taksa thawhlehna a ring a (Isa 26:19). Pathianin Hosea
hnenah leh Daniela hnenah pawh a tiam a ni. (Hos. 13:14; Dan 12:1-3,13). Hei hi
an zirtirna pui tak ni lo mah se, Abrahama atangin thawhlehna hi an ring chho ve
zel tih chu hriat a ni.

Tin, Thuthlung Hlui hunah hian thi tawh tihnunlehna (Bodily

raising) tum thum lai kan hmu bawk. Hmeithai-nu fapa kaihthawhna (I Lal
17:21f). Sunam-nu fapa (II Lal 4:32-36), mi pakhat an phum dawn laia Elisa ruh a
zuk deh veleha lo nung leh ta (II Lal 13:21). Heng taksa thi tawh hnu lo nung leh
ta maite hian, taksa thawhlehna thu, Israel-hote a rin ngheh zualtir thei bawk.

Thuthlung Tharah : Thuthlung Tharah chuan Thawhlehna thu hi chiang

takin kan hmu a. Lal Isua zirtirna pawimawh leh awmze thuk tak keng teltu chu
thawhlehna hi a ni. A sawi ang ngeiin thihna hnehin thlan atangin a tholeh a. A
taksa ngei thawhpuiin thlan a lo ruak ta. A tawi zawnga sawi chuan, Thuthlung
Thar zirtirna laipui chu,”Lal Isua kan tan a thi a, a tholeh a. Chu a thawhlehna
zarah chuan ringtute’n hnehna changing chatuana nunna kan nei ta a. Kan Lal Isua
a tholeh ang ngeiin keini pawh kan la tholeh ngei dawn,” tih hi a ni.

Thuthlung Hluiah taksa kaihthawh kan hmu ang bawkin, Thuthlung

Tharah pawh vawi nga kan hmu. Chungte chu-Jaira fanu (Mt. 9:24f), Nain khuaa
tleirawl (Lk 7:14f), Lazara (Joh.11:43f), Dorki (T.T. 9:40f) leh Eutuka (T.T 20:9-
12) te an ni.

Kohhran hmasate-ah : Lal Isua hun lai khan thawhlehna chungchangah Juda-te
pawh an ngaih dan a inang lo hle. Pharisai-te’n thawhlehna an rin laiin, Sadukai-
te’n an ring lo va (Mt 22:23;TT.T 23:8). Paula’n Atheni khuaa thawhlehna thu a
sawi khan, a thenin ngaihthlak nawn leh an chak laiin, a then chuan an nuih san
mai a (T.T 17:32) Humenia leh Phileta chuan thlarau lam thawhlehna chauh
ringing “ Thawhlehna chu tunah pawh a ni tawh daih,” tiin an ngai a. Celcus-a
Kristian hmasate eptu zinga hmasa ber pawl leh Gnostic-ho, hmuh theih thil a
ngaitute chuan thawhlehna hi an hnawl hmiah a. Heng mite han do let ve hmasatu
Origen-a pawhin, mitthi taksa, thlana kan dah tak ngeia hi chu tho leh tur angina a
ngai lo. Tholeh taksa tur erawh chu thil thar, thlarau lam taksa, tihthianghlim taksa
niin a ring.

Kohhran hmasa Pate (Early Church Fathers) pawhin hei hi an rinpui

ve dan a ni a; mahse, a tam zawk chuan tuna kan taksa pianhmang leh tholeh taksa
chuan inanna nei dawnin an ring a ni. Augustine-a pawhin Origen-a ngaihdan hi a
tawmpui a. Kan dam lai taksa len leh tet hian tholeh taksaah chuan awmze hrang
neiin a ring lo. Jerome-a chuan tun kan taksa leh nakin taksa tur chuan inanna
(identity) nei turin a ngai nghet hle. Khawchhak lam kohhran aiawh anga ngaih
theih Gregory-a te, Chrysostom-a te leh John of Damuscus te chuan tholeh taksa
an ngaih dan chu Khawthlang lam mi Jerome-a te ngaih dan ai chuana rau deuh
zawkin an sawi. Kum sang rorel ringtute chuan thawhlehna hi tum hnih awm
dawnin an ring a; a hmasa zawk chu mithianghlimte thawhlehna, kum sang rorel
tan dawna mi a ni a; a pahnihna chu misualte niin an ngai. Reformation hun lai
vela Theologiante chuan, tholeh taksa chu tuna kan taksa nen hian inang turah an
ngai. Kohhran thurin puanchhuahna (Conffesions) ropui deuhte chuan thawhlehna
te, LalIsua lo kal lehna te, rorelna hnuhnung te leh khawvel tawp te hi a ruala lo
thleng turin an ngai a ni.

Thawhlehna thu chhuizauna

Bible kan thlir chuan, thawhlehna hi kawng hnihin a sawi theih a.

Pakhat chu- Thlarau lam thawhlehna; chu chu ringtute, Lal Isuaa nun thara kan
awmna leh thlarau lam dinhmun thar kan channa niin an sawi thin (Rom 6:4f ; Eph
2:5,6; Kol 2:12,13). Pahnihnaah chuan- Taksa Thawhlehna (Joh 5:28f).

Taksa thawhlehna pawh hi chi hnih angina a sawi theih a;

pakhatnaah chuan-thi tawh hnu, an ruang la tawih chhiat hma-a
tihnun/kaihthawhlehna (resuscitation)eg. Lazara, Dorki, etc. Hengte hi kan
ngaihtuah chuan, an taksa ngai kha an nunpui leh a, an thisen lo chawl tawh zawng
zawng kha a hma ang chiah kha an chhawm a. Ke bula thi a nih chuan ke bul veka
tihnun, hmeltha taka thi a nih chuan hmeltha tak vekin, fing tak a nih chuan fing
tak bawkin kaihthawh a ni dawn niin a lang. Hetiang thawhlehnaah hi chuan a thi-
a taksa (element) chiah kha thawhlehnaah hian a hmanrua (material) chu a ni.

Lal Isua thawhlehnaah erawh hi chuan thil danglam tak mai a awm
a. A taksa ngai thawhpui siin, tholeh taksa erawh Lazar ate tholeh taksa ang ni lo,
tihdanglam taksa a ni. A tho leh taksa chu tihdanglam ni tawh mah se, hriat heih
turin Nazareth Isua hmel a la ang a. A kut leh a ke-a serte hmuh theihin a awm a,
hei hian taksa (material body) a la nei tih a entir (Joh 20:25-27). Theologian lar tak
M.J.Erickson-a chuan, Lal Isua tholeh taksa zirtirte hnen a inlar thin kha, van a
hruai chhoh a nih khan tihdanglam nawn leh niin a ring a ni. Paula’n Thlarau lam
taksa (I Kor.15:44) a sawi kha chang leh tur angin a ngai. Esther (Isua
thawhlehni)-a thil thleng kha chu Lazara tihnun (resuscitation) ang lekah a ngai a
ni. Mahse, hei hi a dik ber kher lo thei bawk. A chhan chu, zirtirte hnen a a inlar
lai khan, “ Mi dek ula, en rawh u; mi hmuh ang hian thlarauvin tisa leh ruh a nei lo
ve (Lk. 24 :19) a tih avang khan thlarau lam taksa a pu der tawh tihna a ni. A
changa hmuh theih, boral leh mai thei thin hian thlarau lam taksa awm dan a
tichiang a ni.

Bible-in thawhlehna chi dang min hrilh chu, mitthi, an taksa hmuh
tur pawh awm tawh lote thawhlehna hi a ni (I Thes 4:13-15). Kristian thurin
pawimawh berte zinga pakhat chu thawhlehna hi a ni a. Mizo Kristiante zingah
thawhlehna ring lo chu kana wm lo hial nghe nghe awm e.

Eng atanga tholeh tur nge kan nih?

He zawhna hi chhan huphurhawm tak, kan chhan tur ni ngei si, kan
thupuiah a laimu tih theih hial khawpa pawimawh a ni. Thenkhat chuan he zawhna
chhan nan hian, “Thlan atangin kan tholeh ang chu, “kan ti mai thei. Mahse, kam
zawhna tak awmzia chu-kan ruh atangin nge, kan tisa tawih bang atangin nge, eng
thil (element) atangin nge kan thawhleh dawn, tih zawk hi a ni. Kan Bible-in he
zawhna hi tlang takin min chhan sak lo mah se, Pathian thu zirtirna vek
tlawhchhanin hetiang hian lo chhang dawn ila : Pathianin mihring a siamin thil
pahnih taksa leh thlarau (pathian thaw) hmangin a siam a ni. Chu taksa chu a thi a
, a lo ral ta vek mai a, ruh leh tisa reng pawh hmuh tur a lo awm ta lo awm ta lo
va. Kan invui ni-a “Lei chu leiah vaivut chu vaivuah,” kan tih thin chu a lo dik ta.
Chutih laiin, ringtu thlarau erawh chu a la nung reng tih chu kan ring. Eng anga
uluk leh ngil tha pawhin thlanah min zalh sela, kum tam tak hnu-ah chuan hmuh
tur kana wm tawh chuang lo. Kan taksa thi ruang chu mulukawlhte tlan ral mai
mai emaw, kang ral vek pawh ni ila, tha taka phumte nen khan kan danglam lo.
Vanduai thilah thenkhatte chu In kangin a kal ral vekte an awm a. Thenkhatte chu
tuifinriata lawngchhiatna avanga tuia thi ta leh, sanghate’n chaw-a an hman tak
mai maite pawh an awm bawk. Thenkhatte chu indona hmunah thiin, tukhaw hriat
lohva lo tawih ral ta mai mail eh, ransa hlauhawmte’n an lo pehral tak mai maite
an ni.
 Thenkhatte chu thlawhtheihna-ah chesuala, an ban emaw, an ke
emaw chauh hmuh takte an awm bawk. Hetiang thihna hrang hrang leh rapthlak
tak taka thite pawh hi ni hnuhnungah chuan an tholeh ang tih kan ring a ni a.
Ringtu, vanduaina tawk taksa chu hmuh pawhin a taksate chu a bung sawm neih
nuaih mai! Mahse, ni hnuhnungah chuan a tholeh dawn. Phaizawla ruhro awm
khawm nuak mai rem fel theitu Pathian(Eze37) chuan, kan taksate pawh chu lo
awm tawh lovin lo thamral tawh maim ah se, tholeh taksa chu min pe dawn tih kan
ring a ni. Heng hute hi ngun taka kan ngaihtuah chuan, kan tisa atangin emaw, kan
ruh atangin emaw tholeh ni angina kan lang lo va, kan THIHNA atang mai zawk
hian thlarau taksa/van taksa chu kan chang mai zawk dawn niin a lang. Heng a
chunga kan han sawi tak mite tana thawhlehna kan beiseipui thei a nih si chuan,
kei chu inhal kher zawng emaw, inphum chauh lo chu emaw kan ti a nih chuan,
kan thawhlehna thu pawm danah kan ngaihtuahawm zawk mah a ni thei.

Thi tawh taksa, uluk leh dimdawi taka kan sawngbawlna hi a Pathian
thuna hmuh tur a awm hran lo. Juda-ho leh Kristian hmasate lo tih thin
dan(tradition) kan zawm vena a nihna-ah erawh chuan, thil tha tak leh tih ve awm
tak pawh a ni reng mai. Thawhlehna thurin nen lama thlir dunerawh chuan, a
inkungkaihna sawi tur a awm chuang lem lo. Nunna taka wm tawh lo mah se,
ruang hi a zahawm a, chhungte leh laina tan phei chuan a bula tah leh thutte a
thlakhlelhawm thin. Mihring lam induatna avang leh inngainatna avang ngawt
pawh hian, nun na awm tawh lo sawngbawl chu a awm a ni. Amaherawhchu,
Kristiante inzirtirnaah, ruang sawngbawl dan leh thawhlehna inkungkaihna a awm
lo va. He kan dam lai nun, Krista tana hman leh serh thianghlimna hian tholeh
taksa-ah awmze pawimawh tak neihtir zawk thei a ni.

Thu tlangkawmna

Kan sawi ta duah mai a. Kan thupuiah kan zuang lut fuh ngut lo
vang tih pawh a hlauhawm viau mai a. Eng pawh ni se, kan han sawi tak atangte
hian ngaihtuahna thar leh zau zawk nei thei ila, thil lawmawm tak a nih a rinawm.
Mitthite kan ngaih dan leh kan sawngbawl danahte hian, kan tih dan than a bel tlut
mai hi a tha ber lo a nih phei chuan, kawng thar pawh kan zawn a tul ve tawh awm
e. Thil tam takah kan lo tih dan thin (tradition) hi tha ber leh dik bera ngaih ngawt
hi a awl khawp mai; amaherawhchu, kan tih dan thin bakah pawh hian thil tha
zawk dang pawh a awm ang tih ring ngam ila.

Kan ram leilung rem loh dante thlirin, veng tam tak chuan (a bikin
khawpuiah) thlanmual tur hmun tha ber pawh nei thei tawh lo a ni a. Hengte
ngaihtuah chuan, tih dan danglam deuh chu kan mamawh tawh niin a lang. A ram
leilung hek lo zawng ngaihtuahin, inhale maw, thlan In lian siam emaw chu kan
mamawh veta a ni.
Sawi ho turte

1. Thlana inphum chuah hi tih dan nghetah neih zel ila, Mizo Kristiante
hian kan rinna kawngah kan ngheh phah zawk an gem? A bikin
thawhlehna thu-a kan rin danah? Inphum thei zel ta lo ila,
thawhlehna kan rin danah kan derdep phah ang em?
2. Inhal hi Mizo Kristiante’n hmang vet a ila, khawtlangah leh
Kohhranah nghawng tha lo a awm thei an gem? Awm ta se, engte
nge ni ang.

Bibliography

1. Berkho, L : Systematic Theology

WM. B Berdmans Publishing Co.,1969. Grand Rapids, Machigan.
3. Cotterell, Peter : I want to know what the Bible Says about Death,
Kings way Publication, East dourne.
4. Douglas, J.D (Revising Ed) : The New International Dictionary of
the Bible, Regency Reference Library, Grand Rapids, ML,USA
5. Douglas, J.D (Revising Ed) : The New International Dictionary of
the Christian Church
6. Erickson, Millard J:Christian Theology (1985) Baker Book House ,
Grand Rapids, Machigan.
7. Hastings, James (Ed) :Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics Vol. 4
Ediburgh : T & T Clark, 38 George Street, New York.
8. Meagher, P.K.(Ed) : Encyclopeadic Dictionary of Religion,
Volume A-E, Corpus Publications: ashington D.C
9. Thiessen, Henry C: Lectures in Systematic Theology, William
B.Berdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, Machigan.

BUNG V

CONSULTATION OF JOURNALISM

1. AN INTERPRETATIVE HISTORY OF MIZORAM JOURNALISM

 ‘Journalism’ han tih hian Radio leh TV-te pawh tel vekin, ni tin, kar
tin leh thla tin chanchinbute hi a huam a; mite tihbengvara, kaihhruaia, tihhlim tur
leh tanpui tura thu thar leh thil thleng puan darhna a ni ber. Ram changkang,
America angahte chuan, chanchinbumite hi miin an ngaisangin an zah a, mi
pawimawh an ni. Chu vang chuan, zalenna chhawmdawlna dawngin, kawng hrang
hrangin nihlawhna siamsak an ni thin.

Chanchinbu Hmasate : ‘Mizo Journalism’ kan han tiha kan ngaihtuah ber tur
chu-hunbi neia Chanchinbu kan lo chhuah ve tawhte kha a ni ber dawn a. Chu
pawh chu chik taka thlir vel a hautak tham deuh dawn avangin, a tlangpuiin kan
thlir zawi zawi thei chauh ang. Kan hriat angina, kan zosap hmasate’n A AW B
min siamsak atanga kum 4 lekah khan Chanchinbu hi kan lo nei ve tan a. Chumi
leh Indopui II-na inkar kum 40 chhunga kan chanchinbute kha hlawm hmasaah
hian I en ang u.

Mizo chanchinbu siam tantu chu-kan mi hmasate’n ‘Tarmita’ an tih

mai, Zoram chhim bial leh hmar bial, rorelna pakhat hnuaia an dah tirha
Supereintendent hmasa ber John Shakespear-a kha a nit lat mai. Ani kha
chanchinbu lamah a tui ve reng pawh a ni thei a. Ram rorelna chi thar
hmangaroreltu tharte’n ro an rel tirh lai khan, Mizo zingah mahni twang ziak leh
chhiar thiam an lo awm ve tan nial nual chiah bawk a; rem hre tak a rorel tum tan
chuan thil tih awm tak pawh a ni vet ho mai. Tichuan, 1898 August thla(?) khan ‘
Mizo Chanchin Laishuih’ Chanchinbu a buatsaih ta a. Typewriter leh Carbon
paper hmanga chhut, copy tlem te, phek 4, sawrkar thu pawimawh puan darhna,
Sapho fuihna anga Mizo thenkhatin Mizo thawnthu leh hmanlai chanchin ziak tan
nana an hman a ni awm e. A chhiat a that hre chiang turin a copy hmuh tur pawh
kan nei ta lo. A hnu lawk 1902-ah chuan, hun rei fe atanga British sawrkarin
Zoram awp dan tur a lo ruahman tawh, ‘Circle Administration’ hi hman tan a ni ta
a. Chu mi rual chuan, Circle tina thawk turin Mizo zingah lehkhathiam leh hman
tlak deuh deuh chu Circle Interpreter-ah an la a, anmahni pui tur chuan Circle
Chaprasi an la nghal bawk a. Hemi 1902 tawp lam, November thlaah hian Tarmita
vek khan, Mizo tawng chanchinbu tha tawk tak mai, “Mizo leh Vai chanchin
lehhkha,” kha a chhuah tan leh ta a ni.

‘Mizo leh vai Chanchin Lehkhabu’ a chhuah lai hian Mizoramah

Press a la awm loh avangin, Sylhet lama Dina Nath Press-ah an chhu a. Thla kip
chanchinbu, phek 14 lai a nih avangin, sawrkar thu pawimawh bakah Zosap
hmasate rawngbawlna leh thuziakte a chuang a. Thu thar tlem tlem leh lalho ziak-
hmanlai Mizo chanchin te, Esopa thawnthu leh Mizo thawnthu te, zirna lam
sawimawi te, Sap ram lam chanchin ngaihnawm te pawh a tir lamah chuan an
chhuah nasa. Tarmita leh A.R Giles-ate’n an enkawl hnuin,1911 atanga 1936
thleng khan Pu Makthanga kha Editor-ah a tang ta a; a ni khan kum 25 chhung
khan, Mizo hnam hmangaihtu leh duhsaktu a nihzia a tilang hle. Pu Lalkailuia
Sailo leh Pu Sainghingate khan 1937 atang khan a tawp(1941) thleng khan an
enkawl ve leh a. Anni pawh khan sulhnu chhui tlak leh ngaihnawm tak bawk min
hnutchhiah leh a ni. Kawng tam takah British Sawrkar mitmei venna avangin sawi
ngamchin an nei thin niin a lang naa, mautam tam 1911 laia an infuihna te,
Indopui I-na leh II-na hun laia an inchona leh thlamuanna te, thingtam leh minpui
kum 1929 laia an infuih tawnna te, hmeichhe dinhmun siam that kawnga an beih
dan leh zirna lama thahnem an ngaihna thu te chu vawiina Mizota hian a hlawkna
kan tel a ni.

Kum 1911 October thlaa chhuah tan, ‘Krista Tlangau’ (1914 atanga
‘Kristian Tlangau’ tih tak) hi vawiin thlengin a la kal zel a, kan ram chanchinbu
hlun ber a nit a. A bei tantu Upa R.Dala leh a thiante khan, Dr.P.Fraser-a Hand
Press chu, ‘The Lushai Christian Press’ tiin, chhut nan an hmang a, 1915 atang
khan Manding Sap Putara (Loch Sap) pek, khawl lian zawk hmangin hun rei tak
chhung chhut a nil eh a. Welsh Mission ta ni mah se, Indopui II-na hma lam kha
chuan, chhim leh hmar Kohhrante khan mahni ta ang ve vein an chhawr a ni. An
ziak tlang a, an chhiar tlang a; an tangkaipui em em.

Kristian Tlangau, chanchinbu dang awm mang loh laiin Kohhran

chanchinbu awm chhun tih tur a ni rei a. Tun hma-Indopui II-na hma lam kha
chuan a khawhawi pawh a zau hle mai. Mizo hnam chuan a khawhawi pawh a zau
hle mai. Mizo hnam in hmasawnna kawng a zawh chhoh mek lai a lo ni a. Zirna
(education) leh khawtlang thil(social issues) lam a hawi tel a. Kohhran leh
Kristiante tana thu tinreng an hawl velna thlakip chanchinbu nghahhlelhawm tak a
lo ni tawh thin a ni. Sermon tha puipui leh zirtirna hrisel tawk hmangin Mizo
Kristiante nun a chawm a, a kaihhruai a, Mizo Kohhran tihphuisuina hmanraw lian
tak a ni ngei mai. A tira copy 300 lek kha tunah chuan copy 17,900 lai a ni ta.

Mizo chanchinbu hun hmasa kum 40 zet chhung (1898-1945) khan

chanchinbu tenau zawk anga lang sawi tur dang a awm nual a. Khangho pawh kha
a hun indawtin kan thlir mai ang. A hun lai atan inhriatpawhna leh tihpumkhatna
hmanraw pawimawh a ni zel. Kum 1920 August thla atang khan Phaipui leh
Rengpui bial lam Kristiante’n ‘Thado Kookie Kristian’ thla kip chanchinbu an
chhuah a. Chhuak hmasa ber phek 1-na atang hian an tum chu a chiang e-

Phaipui leh Rengpui rama kan bial hniha Kristian an lo pung ta hle a,
chu vangin kan tan chanchinbu hran awm ve se la kan ti a, a bu
hminga THADO_KUKI KRISTIAN kan vuah a. A bial hnih a kan
za in Kristian 4,000 lai kan lo tling ta a, mi dang Krista hnena hruai
nan rilru inpumkhatna tul tak chu kan lo neih theih nan T. K.Kristian
chu thla kipin kan chhuah ang a, kan zaa tana fuihna thute pawh a
chuang thin ang. Phaipui leh Rengpui biala chanchin te leh kan unau
Lisei biala mi chanchin te pawh a chuan gang. Tin, thla thum dan
zeal Pathian ram zauna thawhlawm pawh kan chuantir ang.
 Tupawhin chuantir awm min thawn theih chuan kan chuantir ang a.
Kristian chuan lei hram se la kan ti a.

He chanchinbu hi, Calcutta lama Thado-Kuki Pioner Mission Press-ah, tun

hmaa Saptlangvala an tih thin, Watkin R.Roberts-a khan a chhuah a, phek 8 lai a
ni. Nakin lawkah chuan, ‘ KRISTIAN,’ tiin a hming an thlak a, bu tam fein Zoram
a thleng. Kohhran chanchinbu a ni a, thu dang an chhuah zau lo. Pu Hrawva leh Pu
P.S Dahrawkate’n an ziak ve nual a, a ziaktu lar zawkte chu Upa R.Dala leh Pu
Dohnuna te, Pu Zosapthara te, Tirhkoh Taisena leh Savawma teho an ni. He bu
atang hian Mizote’n Spurgeon-a sermon an ngaithla hmasa ber a; Pu Dohnuna
khan a letling thin.

Kan hriat theuh angina, Chhandamna Sipai Pawl (Salvation Army)

hi kum 1917 khan Pu Kawlkhuma khan a din tan a. Anni hian chanchinbu an nei
hma viau bawk. Kum 1931 July (?0 atang khan, Editor atan Pu Laldela hmangin,
Calcutta lam Lila Printing Works-ah phek 8 chanchinbu, hlai hlep hlawp, ‘ Sipai
Tlangau,’ chu an chhuah ve tan a. Phai lam Officer lian zawkte kaihhruainaa
chhuah a nih avangin, Mizoram chhung thu aiin pawn lam chanchin a tam zawk
mah thin. Pawl bik chanchinbu a ni a, Kristian nun hruaina-sermon leh article te,
biography te bakah, Zoram chhunga Chhandamna Sipai Pawl hmasawn dan te an
tar lang thin.

Kum 1931 October ni 21-ah khan, Pawnpuite Sap, A.G.Mc Call-a

kha a lo chhuak a, ani khan Social Welfare lam kha a thupui neihin, Mizo
khawtlang siam that lam kha a bei ta vak a. Tlang tinah Village Welfare
Committee a dintir a; Cottage Industries Board te a din bawk bakah, Red Cross
Society a uar a. Pawnpuia sumdawnna mai ni lovin, thil dangah pawh sumdawn
uar turin Mizote a fuih a. Rilru hmun khata khaw tin mipuite’n hnam hmasawnna
kawng an zawh theih nan, Khaw Dan Sawm a siam a, chu chu lal khaw tinah khan
an awi rual dual dual thin. Nuihzatdeuhna an nei naa, kha Bawrhsap khan sulhnu
ropui tak a nei a ni.

Khatia Pawnpuite Sapin hmasawnna beihpui a thlak lai khan, Sport

lamah te, Music lam te pawh Mizo khawtlang a insingsa a, Voluntary
Organisation pawh a ding tan nual bawk (Entir nan : Serkawn Singing Committee,
YLA, Red Cross Society, Lungleh Association, Boys’Scout,etc). Khang lai khan,
Zawlbuk leh tlawmngaihna thubuaiin Zoram a tuam vel a. Khatih lai tak khan,
Lunglei lamah, Rover Scout chanchinbu ang deuhvin, Rev.F.J.Raper leh Pu
Lalmama tehovin, 1934 khan ‘ Tlawmngaihna’ chanchinbu, kum khata bu 6
chhuak hi an bei tan ve leh ta a ni. Khawtlang thil leh Zo nun mawi inzirtirna
chanchinbu tangkai tak hi a ni awm e. Kum 1935-a YLA lo ding khan chanchinbu
neih an han duh leh a; a hranpa a chhuah lovin, 1936 atang khan, Kristian Tlangau
bu chhuak apiangah ‘YLA Thubelh’ tiin, chhiar tham fe hian an chhuah vet a ziah
a. Hei pawh hian hnam tih hmasawnna changkanna lam hawiin hna ropui tak a
thawk bawk. Khang hun lai khan thuhnuairawlh tak leh ring takin thil tha an
inzirtir a, thu bawlhhlawh leh pawikhawihna lam a tel ve ngai lo. YLA
Chanchinbu hmasa lamah chuan, faina, taimakna leh intodelhna lam te, infiamna
chi hrang hrang-Drama leh Debate chenin inelna thianghlim an siam chhuak a.
Thupui bera ‘ hmasawnna’ thu hmang khan, man leh mual thu te, hmeichhe zirna
chungchnag te, YLA Branch hrang hrang thiltih leh hnathawh te kha an sawi ho
va, an inhrilh tawn thin.

Khatih lai vel bawk, 1938 June thla khan, Cachar phai lama
rawngbawltu thei tak, Rev Zosangliana khan Baga Bazar atangin thla kip
chanchinbu tha tawk tak mai, ‘Hriatrengna Bu’ phek 8 lai hi a rawn chhuah tan
bawk a. Kha pawh kha Kristian chanchinbu tha leh hawi zau tak a ni. Kum 1940
khan ‘Hriatna Bu’ tiin a thlak a; a hming ang ngei hian hnam lungmawl tifing thei,
nun leh rind an lama Kristian zirtirna pawimawh tak tak a rawn chhuah thin.

Mizo Literature siamna bul pakhat leh tangkai em em mai chu, kum
1938 September thlaa chhuah tan ‘LSA Chanchinbu’ kha a ni. Bu hmasa berah
chuan ‘Editor : L.H.Liana’ tih a ni a, Shillong lama Mizo zirlaite’n an rawn phuah
sa chu Aizawla Pu Thankunga Press-ah, Pu Lalhlira te khan an lo bawh zui ta a ni
awm e. Thla thum danah an han chhuah phawt a, phek 12, reilote a thlakip bu nit a
a ni a. A tir lam chhuakah chuan, T.V.Kaphleia, R.Zobela, Biakliana, Zairema,
Lalhmuaka,Lalrinthanga Sailo, Buchhawna, Vanlawma, Lalchungnunga, Pu
Lalhlira, Buchhawna, Dr. Rosiama leh R.Zualate’n thu an thawh deuh ber a. Kum
1948 lam atangin, C.Thuamluaia, J.Malsawma leh K.C.Lalvunga te an che ve leh
a, essay ngaihnawm bawm a ni ngawt mai. Indo chanchin leh thil dang tlam
azawng an chhuah ve bawk chungin, he chanchinbu hian Literature lam a hawi ta
zel (deuh ber) a, Mizo thu leh hla tihhausakna hmanraw lian a tling ta a ni.

Indopui II-na leh Politics hun : Chanchinbu hun hnihna anga kan ngaihtuahna
hian, khawvel Indopui II-na chhuah tirh, 1939 atanga vawiin hi huam mai awm a
ni a. Mahse, he kum 50 chhung hi chhui a hautak fe mai.

Khatia khawvel Indopui II-na lo chhuak ta mai khan nasa tak main
Zoram a rawn sawi nghing a, kawng hrang hrangin Mizo hnam nun a rawn khawih
danglam a. tuna kan thil ngaihtuah mek lama Indopui-in a rawn hrin chhuah
pakhat chu Mizote tan Ni tin Chanchinbu leh kar tin Chanchinbu hi a ni. Kum
1939 kum tawp lam khan, Kulikawn Contractor-Tailor Pu Liankhuma khan, kar
tin atana ‘Tun Hapta Kar Chanchinbu’ kha a rawn chhuah a. Phek 6 a ni a, ama
Press-ah a chhu a. A hlai lam Meichher bu tiat vel, tualchhung thu thar leh Indopui
chanchin chhuahna a ni.

Kha kha Mizo kar tin chanchinbu hmasa ber niin a lang. Mahse,
Indopui ai khan a tawp hma zawk a ni awm e.
 Khang lai khan Sap-ho hun ngang kha a la nih avangin, British
sawrkar lamah khan Mizo rilru kha a kal hneh hle a. Thingtlang kilkhawr berah
pawh naupang ho khan Hitler-a lem chu chil an chhak a an cheksawlh tawn tawn
hlawm a; Ram pum mipui te kha British lalber leh a ram tan an phek tan tak meuh
ni. Chutih lai chuan, 1939 atang khan Mc Call-a khan Indopui chhung atan indo
chanchin chhuahna ‘Ni tin Chanchin’ a han chhuah a, miin an ngaihven hle mai.
Kha kha kan Ni tin chanchinbu chhuah a, sap-hovin War News an dawn thar
apiang kha Pu Lalmawia hian chhuah turin a letling thin a, thu dang an chhuah
meuh lo.

Kum 1946-ah chuan Mizoramah politics hun thar a lo inher chhuak

ta a. Pu Thanhlira (Editor) B.A leh a thian Thangbuaia leh Lalthlamuanate’n 1946
September thla-a an chhuah ‘Mizo’ chanchinbu chu politics lama inhruaina a nit a
thung. A kum leh 1947-ah chuan, Pu Lalmawia leh a thiante : Thangruma,
Lalrinliana leh Rokunga te hovin khawl an lei a, ‘Zoram Printing Press’ an ti a.
Chutah chuan, Zalen Pawl (UMFO) hmanrua atan ‘Zoram Thupuan’ kar tin bu kha
an han chhuah leh a. ‘Mizo’ Chanchinbu kha Mizo Union lamin an hmang bawk a,
politics lama inelna leh beihna deuh pawh an nei viau mai. Zoram Thupuan chu
lian deuh phek 16 lai a ni a; rei lo teah chuan, Politics hmanrua mai ni lovin, thu
thar pawimawh leh thu leh hla lamte a hma tel ta nghe nghe a. Zoram chhung
News paper lar ber leh darh zau ber a ni rei hle a ni. A standard pawh a tha.

Kum 1947-ah khan, hmar lama Kristian Tlangau ang deuh chiah
hian, chhim lam kohhranin ‘Kohhran Beng’ thlakip chanchinbu an lo chhuah vet a
bawk. Hei hi chu tlangaubu ang kha a ni mai. Pu Bawichhuaka khan politics
hmanrua atan bawk ‘Mizo Arsi’ kar tin bu chu 1948 khan a chhuah a, Mizo Union
lam paper bawk a ni. Mizo Presbyterian Kohhranin 1949-ah ‘Harhna Hruaina’ a
chhuah avanga Kohhranhovin buaina an tawh deuh lai khan, Hmar thlang
Presbytery lam atangin ‘ Upa Leng khawm’ chanchinbu kha a lo chhuak leh bawk
a. Editor Upa R.Zobela chu tun hma atang tawha thuziak mi ve pangngai a ni
bawk a, a dek tha hle mai. Thla kip chanchinbu, phek 16, ‘Krista Kohhran Tan’ tih
chuang kalh mai hi a ni a. Kohhran chanchinbu a nih angina thu an chhuah zau lo.
Loch Press-a chhut a ni a, copy 300 an chhuah.

Zirna (education) lam inkaihhruaina atan 1952 August thla-ah khan

Pu Lalchungnunga (editor) leh Rev. Zairema (asst.editor)-te’n ‘Sikul thlirna’ thla
khata vawi hnih chhuak, phek 8 lai hi an chhuah tan bawk. Thu leh hla tlem a tel a,
Pu Zairema Science Corner chu ngaihnawm an ti hle. Zirna lam thu pawimawh
puandarhna a ni. Zoram Printing Press-ah mawihnai takin chhut a ni a; mahse,
kum rei lo teah a tawp leh ta mai a.

India ram Independent hlimchhawn lai a ni a, khang lai khan Zoram

dung leh vanga titi lengvel lian deuh deuhte chu-Lal ban thu te, Zoram hming
thlak thu te, District Council thu te, Zoram Politics dinhmun chungchanga
inbeihna leh, zirna lamah Vana pa College chungchangte a ni a. Mahse, sawrkar
leh ram a inlumleh lai hian, thu leh hla (literature) lamah pawh thil inher lian tak a
tel ve a ni. Kum 1953 a lo thleng a, pa thu tiam hmingthang Pu C.Thuamluaia
khan, Lungleiah, thla khata vawi hnih chhuak, thu leh hla lama inhnawtphurna chi
‘Thlirvelna’ a ti chhuak a. Rei lo teah Lunglei Literature Society-in a ta chei ta
deuh nge nge a. Lemchan kal hmanga Lunglei bial lalho Conference-a kan sep
ngaihnawm vel chu miten’n hahipin an sawi thin.

Hemi kum vek hian, Aizawl ah pawh District Council lam atangin
‘Zoram Hriattirna’ a chhuak tan a, hei hian sawrkar dan siam leh hriattirna
pawimawh bak, eng dang a khawih lo. Kum 1953-ah bawk hian, Pi Teii (G.Rees.
Roberts) khan naupangho chhiar atan ‘Mizo Naupang’ chanchinbu a chhuah a; a
ngaihnawm viau naa, a chhuak rei lo. Pu J.F.Laldailova khan Indopui chanchin leh
thu thar dang chhuah, nan 1954 khan ‘Hun Thar’ kar tin bu a chhuah tan a, kum
hnih emaw lekah a tawp leh a. Rei lo te chhung ‘Zirlaite Huang’ a han buatsaih
erawh kha chuan chhiar a hlawh hlein an sawi. Kum 1957-ah khan Pu
Lalsawiate’n ‘Tunlai’ News paper an han tan ve leh a. Kha kha Politics lam
hmanrua a ni deuh ber chungin, Newspaper tha ve tak bawk a ni.

Chanchinbu man hmuh that tawklohna avangin Sikul Thlirna kha a

tawp tawh a. Zoram khaw tina zirtirtu ho khan zirna lam a inhruaina lam chi
chanchinbu mamawha an inhriat si avangin, kum1959 October atang khan,
‘Zirtirtu Thian’ thla kip bu, phek 16 lai hi an chhuah leh a, Editor chu S.R.Vala a
ni. Zirna tlangau tangkai tak a nih bakah, thu leh hla lam a tel nual a, thu thar
erawh chu an chhuah tam lo.

Zofate hi hun rei taka tang tawh khan ram pawn hmun hrang
hrangah kana wm darh ve a. Chung hmunahte pawh chuan kan phak tawk angina
chanchinbu hi kan chhuah zel tih kan hre tawh a. Kum 1960-ah pawh khan,
Rangoon lam Mizote’n , ‘Ramthar’ kar tin bu an chhuah a. Chtah chuan, Editor
Laltanpuia a ni naa, a rawtchhuaktu leh ziaktu thawh hlawk ber chu Captain
C.Khuma a ni awm e. Ram pawn lamah bawk, 1951-ah khan Churachandpur lama
Renart Printing Press-ah khan Rev. Lalthanliana’n ‘The Herald of Truth’ a chhuah
a, Kristian chanchinbu pangngai ni deuh mai e. Rev. Lalthanliana vek hian, 1959
March thla atang khan Tahan I.C.B Press-ah ‘Khawchhak Arsi’ thla kip bu a
chhuah leh a. Phek 22, Pathian thu thehdarhna bu pangngai bawk a ni.

Kum 1956-ah khan Zoram Seventh Day Adventist Kohhran ta,

‘Krista Thuchah Puangtu’ an chhuah tan a, Editor hmasa ber chu Lalhmingliana a
ni a. Kum 1960-ah khan Roman Catholic Kohhran Tlangau, ‘Catholic Tlangau’
an chhuah tan bawk. Heng Kohhran pawl chanchinbu bikho hi mi dangin an chhiar
zau lo va, hre tu pawh an tlemin awmzia a nei zim deuh thin. Amaherawhchu,
Mizoram Conress Party din tirh laia an hmanrua, 1961-a Pu A.Thanglura chhuah
‘Hruaitu’ leh,1962-a Pu Vanlawma chhuah ‘Zalen’ chanchinbu te, chumi kum
veka sawrkar chanchinbu, Pu Biakthansanga chhuah ‘ Tunlai Chanchin’ te kha
chu, News Paper chhiar tlak tak tak a ni hlawm. Mizo Academy of Letters pawhin
1965 fur lai khan an chanchinbu ‘ Thu leh Hla’ (literary magazine) changkang tak
hi vawi khat an han chhuah hman a, rambuai 1966 khan a nang buai ta a, an
chhunzawm ta lo reng a.

Bu dang dang-‘Mizo Aw’ leh ‘Hmar Arsi’ te ‘Romei’ Newspaper

darh zau lo tete hi a chhuak chho zel bawk a. U.T kan nih hnu lamah chuan sawi
tur a tam ta hle. Ram changkang zawktea an neih thin ang deuhvin, thlur hrang
hrangah chanchinbu kan nei ta nual mai.

Chanchinbumi : ‘Journalist’ kan tihho hi an hawizawng leh an thuchhuah

atangin thliar theih an ni a. MZP Chanchinbu hmasa lama ziaktu larho Kaphleia,
C.Thuamluaia, Thanpuii pa leh Zikpuii pate kha chu hnam ro hlu, thu leh hla lama
ziak mi (literary journalist) an ni ber, Khatih laia ‘Mizo’ chanchinbu Editor
R.Thanhlira leh ‘Zoram Thupuan’ chanchinbu Editor Lalmawia te erawh kha
chuan, Politics thilah mi rilru lak an tum ber a (political journalist or partisan
journalist). A hma lama ‘Mizo leh Vai’ chanchinbu Editor, Pu Makthanga khan
thu dik hriattir leh thu thar chhuah bakah, chhiartute tihvengvat a tum hranpa hlein
a lang bawk (new journalist or subjective journalist). Tunlaia kan chanchinbumi
thenkhat chuan, tih dan pakhat leh a dang hi la kawpin, chuta tang chuan an
ngaihdan an rawlh tel a, ze thar an rawn siam a (evaluative journalism). Thenkhat
erawh chuan thudik puan darh leh thu thar hriattir ngawr ngawr hi an tih tur niin
an ngai. Ziaktu ngaih dan emaw, Editor thlir dan emaw chhuah tel hi tul an ti lo
(objective journalism).

‘Mizo Chanchinbu’ hi unah hian kum 90 emaw lai a lo ni vet a a.

Mahni hun theuhvah heng bute hian tangkai takin mipuite zirtir leh kaihhruai hna
an thawk ti ila a sual tam lo vang. Chanchinbu khawhawi hrang leh tum inang lo
tak takte a ni hlawm a; kawng khatah chuan kan hausa tawh khawp mai. Tunah
chuan, Literary Journal-Thu leh Hla kan nei a, Educational Journal-Meichher leh
Zirna Eng kan nei a. Industry Journal kan nei a (Industry Meichher),
Agricultural Journal -Zoram Loneitu kan nei bawk. Science lam ni se, Science
Journal kan nei a; sawi tur ting chuanHistorical Journal leh Economical
Journal te pawh kan neih tawh kha; Naupang lam tana buatsaih chanchinbu hi
kan la nei lo mai pawh a. Women’s Magazine – Zoram leh Runlum Agape nen
kan nei a; Guides Magazine ang chi- ‘Hruaitu’ leh Theological Journal tih theih
Didakhe te pawh kan nei. Sawi tur a tam ta mai. Thenkhat tan phei chuan ritsak
leh ninawmah a kai lek lek ta a ni.

Tunah hian, kan hriat angina, hunrei tak- Kum 80 emaw lai chhunga
kan ram chanchinbu dinhmun (standard) ha ang reng tak kha tluksanin, mi
tiphawklek thei tu hruanghrau puipui, thu belhchian dawl mang lo-mi leh ram
hmel tichhe thei thil chhuah(Yellow journalism)-ah kan lut a, hralh lah chu a tla
viau si em maw ni! Kan chanchinbumite hian an Journalistic ethic hre lovin,
‘Profit motive’ ngawt atangin thil an tit a em ni? Kum 90 chhunga kan chanchinbu
kha kan thlir chuan hmasawnna tur pawh kan la ngah mai. Kum1902-1912 chho
vela America rama hnu hma nei ropui em em ‘Investigative Journalism’ an tih
maite kha kan ram hian a mamawh lai tak a ni. Ram sawrkar leh a department
hrang hranga thawktute thlithlaia, an dikna chawimawia an diklohna hailante, ram
leh khawtlang tichiai thei thil thleng reng reng, a hmunhma ngeia endika mipuite
hnena thu dik tak puanchhuah hna a ni a; chutianga ti chanchinbumi hi kan la nei
meuh lo. Chanchinbu hi miin ei zawn nan a hman tak tak phei chuan, rin lak tak
leh tha thei ang bera a thawh tluka hlawkna tur dang a awm lo. Mahse, tunlaia kan
chanchinbumi tam ber hi chuan thil an thlir tawi ni berin a lang.

Sawi ho turte

1. Mizo hnam chanchinah hian a chhe lam leh a tha lama chanchinbu-
in hnuhma a neih dan sawi tur kan neih apiang I sawi ho the ang u.
2. Kan chanchinbu hmasate leh tunlaia mi I khaikhin ang u. A eng nge
tha zawka kan hriat? Eng kawngahte nge?
3. Ram leh hnam tana chanchinbu pawimawh theih dan sawi ila. Kan
ram chanchinbu hi engtin nge kan siam that zawk theih ang.

Bibliography

He Paper ziak tu hian, Mizo chanchinbu hlui ka en tam deuh ber a.

Chu bakah chuan, heng bute hi ka en hlawm bawk-
1. C.Vanlallawma, Kan Chanchinbu Hmasate; Hruaitu, April &May,
1988
2. K.E.Eapen, Investigative Journalism for Development ; Social
Change, 1983 December.
3. Louis L Snyder, Journalism; Encyclopaedia America, 1980 Vol. 16
4. Norman Sims,The Literary Journalism; The American Review, 1985
Summer Issue
5. Michael Nelson, Evaluative Journalism; The American Review, 1984
Winter Issue.
6. R.L.Thanzawna, Random Clooections of Articles, 1988
 7. H.K.Kaul, Handbook for Indian Writers; Munshiram Manoharlal
Publishers Pvt.Ltd.1969.
8. Edward Emery, The Press and America; The Times of India Press,
Bombay, 1969
9. C.Northcode Parkinson, M.V Kamath and M.K Rastomji : What
Journalism Is All About, India Book House Private
Ltd.,Bombay,1986.
10. G.K.Puri, Journalism; Competition Review Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi
11. Bruce Westley, New Editing; Oxford & IBH Publishing Co, 1968.

2. JOURNALISM TODAY

Oxford advance alearners Dictionary of current English hrilhfiah dan

chuan Journalism chu “ Work o writing for, editing or publishing journals,” a ni a.
Chamber’s Twentieth Century Dictionary hrilhfiah dan chu, “ The profession of
conducting or writing for public journals; writing of fleeting interest or hasty
character,” ani. Journalism chu, chanchinbu a thu ziak leh thuziak endik leh
chanchinbu chhuah hna a ni a, eizawnna pawimawh tak a ni. Television leh Radio
huamin, chanchinbu chi hrang hrang a huam a; mahse, T.V leh Radio
hlamchhiahin, chanchinba kan dah pawimawh ang a, kan chhui bik bawk ang.
 “ Newspaper hnapui ber chu –mite hnena an ngaihtuah leh an
veizawng leh an thiltih puan a ni a. Tichuan, chanchinbumi ni tur chuan,
namenlova fin leh hriatna zau neih leh dai thuk bakah, thil thlir thiamna leh
ngaihruat thiamna riau neih a tul”(Preamble to the Canons of the American
Society of Newspapers-The Primary function of Newspapers is to communicate to
the human race what its members do, feel and think. Journalism, therefore,
demands of its practitioners the widest range of intelligence, of knowledge, of
experience as well as natural trained powers of observation and reasoning)

Journalism chungchangah chuan thil pawimawh tak tak chhinchhiah

tur a awm a. Eizawnna pawimawh tak a ni phawt a, Journalist mawhphurhna a
sang em em a ni. Tin, thuziak leh thuziak endik leh chanchinbu chhuahte hi a
huam avangin, hna hautak leh lian tham zet ani bawk.Thawhhona tha neih te,
mahni hna theuhva rinawm leh taimak bakah thiam a ngai hle bawk.

Printing Press awm hma chuan, lungah kerin an duhzawng an ziak

thin. Rome khawpui atangin thingtlang khuaah mihring hmangin thu an thawn thin
a, sumdawnna leh politics hmanruaa hman a ni ber (Fifth Century B.C),
W.Germany leh Europe ramah, chanchin thar ziak chu intihhlimna hmun(fair) leh
dawrah an hralh bawk. B.C 60-na Rome-a Julius Ceaser-a a lal laiin Daily
Newspaper bullet in “ Acts Dyrana” chu sawrkar thupuan chhuah nan an hmang a.
Rome Senate thukhawchang chhuahna “ Acts Senates” chhuah a nil eh a, mipui
tibengvar chi leh sawrkar sum hman dan ilo telna, “Act Publica” tihchhuah a nil eh
bawk.

Kum 1440-a China rama Printing Press an hmuhchhuah hnu-in

China ramah Newspaper hmasa ber “ Peking Gazzette” chu sawrkarin a chhuah ta
a. Kum zabi 16-na leh 17-na(A.D) velah chuan, Europe ram hrang hrangah
chanchinbu engemaw zat a lo piang zui ta a. Chanchinbuin hma a sawn zel a, 25
September, 1690 khan English mi, Benjamin Harris chuan “Public Occurences” a
chhuah a, ram chhung leh ram pawn thil, thla tin chhuak a ni a; phek li lek a ni.
Tum li an chhuah hman chauh va, Royal license a neih loh vangin an tihtawpsak a.

India rama Printing hmasa ber chu, A.D. 1550 khan Kristian
Missionary-te’n an din a, Pathian thu lam lehkhabu chhu-in an theh darh thin.
India rama Newspaper hmasa ber, “ Bengal Gazette” chu “Calcutta General
Adviser” tih a ni bawk. A dintu James August Hickey hming chawia “Hickey
Gazzette” (Saturday 29th Jan 1780) an tihah hian, politics leh sumdawnna thil
chhuah a ni ber a. Hickey thupui chu ‘freedom o expression’ a ni a, chanchinbuah
chuan mi chi hrang hrang ngaih dan pawh a leng zau hle. East India Company
Oficer-te thil tih dik loh leh mihausate diklohna a thai lang ngam a, a hun laia
Governor General,Warren Hastings-a chanchin leh a nupui chanchin duhawm lo
lai pawh a chhuah ngam a. Chu vang chuan 14.11.1780-ah Bengal Gazzette chu
daka thawn khap a ni. Hemi kum vek hian (November), Calcutta-ah India Gazzette
a chhuak a; Feb., 1784-ah Calcutta Gazzette a chhuak leh a.

Chanchinbu chu sorkarin ngaimawhin, khuahkhirh a duh ta a; 29th

June 1799-ah ‘Censorship on the paper’ chhuahin, kum 17 chhung zet chanchinbu
an khuahkhirh a. Lord Hastings-a hun laiin 18th August, 1818-ah ‘Newspaper
Editors Code of conduct’ siam a ni a; he dan hamng hian, chanchinbuah sawrkar
leh mipui tana tha lo leh ngaimawh awm chhuah khap a ni. Chanchinbuin hma a
sawn zel laiin, sawrkar nena an inkarah pawh harsatna a awm chho ve reng a.
Kum 1885-a Indian National Conress a lo pian hnu chuan, chanchinbu lamin nasa
takin hma a sawn a ni. India rama zalenna sualtute chuan, chanchinbu hmangin tan
an la nasa hle. British hnuaia kan awm lai chuan, chanchinbuin politics huang
pawn a khawih nep hle a, tunah chuan-sports, commerce, politics leh a dang tam
tak pawh chanchinbuin an daidar ta a; a phek leh a hmel leh a rawng pawh a
mawiin a duhawm ta hle a ni.

India rama Journalism chanchinah chuan, Indira Gandhi Prime

Minister nih laia Emergency laia harsatna kha sawi tel loh theih a ni lo.
Emergency tan niin English Daily Newspaper, ‘Motherland’ tihtawp a ni a, an
Editor K.R.Malkani chu Emergency laia chanchinbumi an man hmasakber a ni.
Times of India leh Hindustan Times chuan sawrkar tih ang apiang an pawm theih
avangin harsatna an tawk lo va; mahse, sawrkar thu thu a awm duh lo- Patriot te,
Statesman leh Indian Express chanchinbute chuan harsatna an tawk nasa em em a
ni. Indian express chu an electric hmuh tihtawpsak an nih avangin ni engemaw
chhung a chhuak thei lo va, sawrkarin advertisement pek a khap avangin sum lama
harsatnain a tlakbuak nasa em em bawk. Mahse, atawp thlenga theihtawp chhuaha
an inpekzawh vangin inthlanpui a lo awm dawn meuh chuan, an chanchinbu
chhuakte chu a man pangngai aia tama zawrh chhawn (black) khawpin miin an
hlut ta a ni.

Journalism hian kalhmang fel tak a nei a; mahse, a zir mi tan lo

chuan, heng thil hi thiam vek chi a ni lem lo. Kan chanchinbu kalhmang chiang
zawka kan hriat theih nan, thil pawimawh zual chauh kan chhui ang a; kan
chanchinbu dinhmun erawh chu kan chhui zau thung ang.

Chanchinbua thu lian tham a lo chhuah hian, mi hipzawnga thupui

vuah thiam a tul a, a paragraph hmasa berah thu benglut, a thu fun kimzawngin an
ziak a; chu chu ‘the lead’ an ti a. Heng hi ngaih pawimawh a ni thin-tu sawi nge?
Eng thil nge? Khawiah nge? Eng vang nge? Engtizia nge? Eng hun nge?

‘News’an ziakin ngaih dan an telh ngai lo va, ngaimawh leh sawi
duh an neih erawh chuan ‘editorial’ lamah an chhui zau thin. Thu chhuah turah
propaganda thliar thiam a tul a, fimkhur a ngai em em a ni. Tawi tha tak leh fel
taka ziak a tul bakah, thu dik, a nih anga sawifiah thiam a ngai thin. Chanchin
Thar hi News Agencies (Appendix II) atangin an la chhawng a. Sawrkar Press
Release pawh an hmang tangkai bawk. T.V. leh Radio bakah chanchinbu dangami
pawh an la chhawng thin. Post Office, Telephone, Telegraph, Tape Madicine,
Teleprinter,Photo,Transmitting machine leh Photo Receiving machine hmangin
thu leh thlalak inthawna lak chhawn a ni. Sum tam tak sengin an thu duhzawng hi
an lei thin a, a hautak em em a ni.

Headlines hi a thu ti itawmzawng, a thu hlutna tilangzawng a nih bakah, chhiar

hmasak tur hriatt nan a tangkai a. Kalhmang neih pawh a tha. Kan ramah hian a
thupui hmanga mi hip tumna a lian em em a ni. Wekkly chanchinbu thenkhata an
thupui leh, a kawma mi hip nana an hman tlem tilang ila, hei hian chanchinbumite
rilru leh an thuchhuah tlangpui pawh a hril thui thei hle ang.

Thiante sa an ei.
Pawnsual sim thei lo.
Tualthattu pawl (Lei hringnun No. 22)
Mizo nuin a fa sen pianghlim a hralh daih.
Lunglei Biak In pakhatah Cinema an chhuah hep hep mai.
No.4 vanga convict hmasa ber Mizo tlangval thubuai chu.
(Remna Arsi Vol.IV No 16. 8 May, 1990)
Pi Vuani’n a fa pai lai a zuar miah miah (Zu um khata thleng pawh a phal).
Moonlight-ah zirlai, hmeichhia 3-in Teachers Day an hmang haps.
(Aizawl Bazar Vol II No 10, 11 Sept., 1990)
Zarkawt Workshop an rawk
Pu Aizika’n a fahrawn a vaw hlum.
Pastor leh nula pakhat chhuatah an mu dun.
(Zoeng Vol IV No.10 March 1986)
UPC Pastor leh Mission veng nula Court-ah an inkhing
(Nimin, Dist. Court-ah mipui an tam hle.
Zawlnei Pu Kawlha hnenah thil thar a thleng.
(Entirna ropui tak a nei ang)
Pastorin a thubuai rem a hrilhfiah
(Sakeibaknei Vol 2. No. 149.20.July 1988)
Electric Dept. Pawisa Rs 4,00,00 chuang a bo
Pu Lianchhawna, khamah a lum
Thalaite huang: Sexiest man, Most beautiful 50,
“In-Kiss runpui”
(Zoram Examiner Vol.18.9May 1990)
K.S. changkang 2-in vai an nghaisa an taksa an pe a, an suam zeih mai.
Vai pahnih an fak letling
Zawlkhawpuiah Pastor 1 a Cowboy hle
Ruatdika ke zungtang an tan sak vek
S.Bungtlangah inthahna a thleng
(Hriatna Vol. VI No 68. 16 May 1990)
 Nula pakhat nau hring tep tawhin a pasal kalsanin mi pa a um daih a, a
kherh thlu
Doctor-in a staff nula pakhat a pawngsual
Pu Laldenga thlanah nula leh tlangval an lo “ Bethel” ringawt mai.
Pu Hawla Ministry-ah nula?nuthlawi an pung hluai
(Huapzo sawrkar hian K.S. leh Nuthlawi, Pastor a huam vek tlat)
(Rawlthar Vol. 7.No 61. 12 Sept. 1990)
Kohhran upain Buhfai an hralh ru
Khasi leh Nepali an inkhuainuai
(Thlarau sualin an tibuai em ni?)
(Zoram Entu Vol 1 No.12.21-27 Oct. 1987)
Ramhuai 35-in Pastor 2 an sawisa
Amah pawngsualtu a bei let
Ramhuaiin Tv.Muana ril vawi 2 a phawrhtir
Thangzauva leh a tawih nuin tur an in
(Zoram Reporter Vol 2 No36.28 Apr-May 1987 Chanchinbu hi thu dik
puang tur leh rintlak tura ngaih an ni a. An thu hian mipui a kaihruaiin
sawrkar pawh a kaihruai em em bawk. Chu vangin, thil pawimawh lawrin,
a tangkai an dap thiam em em fo. Tawngkam mawi a hman a tul a,
tawngtha leh zahawm ngaihtuah a ni thin. A ziak dik lo lakah fimkhura
invent a ngai hle bawk. Mizoramah hian chanchinbu lam hian tawngkam an
uluk em em lo hle hlawm a, a then phei chu ngaihmawhawm tak pawh a ni
hlawm. An thu leh an tawngkam leh an kalphung zawng zawng hi an
chanchinbu zahawmna leh hmuhsitawmna a nih avangin fimkhur a tul hle.
Chanchinbu thenkhata Mizo tawng thenkhat tar chhuak ila, hmasawn kan
mamawh dan pawh a hria lehzual ang.

Mi 5,720 velin kawng Chanmari atanga Kulikawn thlengin…. An

zawh (Varparh, 25,11,1974)
Inhriat reng nan Khumbeu Larsap hnenah an hlan bawk (Romei, 20.11.1974)
Ni khat kar danah tui mipuite hnenah sem a ni ang, (Mizo Aw, 21.11.1974)
A tul angina umzui Minister chuan a tum ( Hmar Arsi 24.7.1974)

Mission veng Pastor Bial Inkhawmpui Agenda, 1976 kan en chuan

he thu a chuan, “ Synod-in sawrkarin zu zawrh khap turin ngen rawh se.” Tawng
dik leh tha hi chanchinbu hlutna a ni mai lo va, a tum sawi fiah nan tangkai tak a
ni.

Chanchinbu tha taka enkawl tur chuan Press hna pawh hriata, thiam
ve a pawimawh. A hawrawp inhmeh leh mawi thlan te, proof reading kalhmang
hriat pawh a tul. Kan ramah hian, Weekly chanchinbu hi chu Cyclosestyle-a her a
la ni ber a, a kawm erawh hi chu Press lama chhuttir a nit hung. Ram changkangah
chuan offset hmangin, rawng chihrang hrangin an chhu a, mit a lain a mawi bik
hle. A chhut fiah tha leh ziak zawm dan dikte pawh hian kawngro a su thei hle
bawk. Hawrawppui hmanna tur bik a awm a, Newspaper term pawh a awm.
Newspaper term thenkha chu :

Ad - Advertisement
AM - Morning Newspaper
Backroom or
Backshop - Mechanical section of a small newspaper plant
Copy - All news manuscript
Totog - Photographer
Head - Headline
UNI - United news of India
UPI - United Press Information……

Kan chanchinbu thenkhatah hian editorial a awm lo fo. Chanchinbu

kalhmang leh ngaih dan lanna ber chu editorial a ni a. Chu vangin,
ngaihpawimawh a hlawh em em thin. Thu lian tham, zau zawk leh fiah zawka
chhuia mipui leh sawrkar kaihhruaina atan hmanraw pui ber a ni a. Editorial hi
chuan ngaih dan a sawi chhuak a, tan lam pawh a nei thin. Mahse, awmze nei leh
tanfung nei taka hawi lam a neih a pawimawh fo. Thu lian thamah chuan All India
Radio pawhin chanchinbu ngaih dan hrang hrang a khawn khawm a, mipui
finchhuah nan hmanraw tangkai takah a hmang thin. Tan lam nei chungin tum
mumal tak pawh a nei thin. Tawngkam hmanah te, a kaihhnawih nena chhui
kawngah te, zirtirna lamahte uluk taka duan a pawimawh thin. Mipui tan leh
sawrkar tan kaihruaitu tha a nih avangin, inelna atan a pawimawh viau awm e.

Letter to the Editor hi mipui tan rilru leh duhzawng sawina ber a ni
a, chanchinbu thenkhat chuana thutam lam an bituk bawk. Chanchinbu len leh
tetin a thu tam lamah kawngro a su fo. Lehkha thawn hi chhuah ngei a tul lo va,
chhuah tlak a ngaih chauh an chhuah thin. Thenkhat chuan an hming ti lang lo
turin an ngen a, Editor-in a remtih chuan hming lem emaw, kaihtawi emaw a
pawm mai a. Mahse, thubuai neih theihna a nih avangin fimkhur a tul. An hming
thupa, Court lamah pawh an sawi duh loh tlat chang a awm thei a; chungah chuan
Editor-in mawh a phur thin. Tawi fel taka ziaka, tawngkam mawi hman a
pawimawh a. Thu hlawm fel tak a nih a ngai bawk.

Feature Sories tha hian chanchinbu hlutna a keng nasa a, ngaih pawimawh a tul
hle. Mi hlimna, lungchhiatna lam, bengtivar thei leh mi ti fing thei bakah mimal
ngaih dan a leng a; a hlu em em a ni. News feature hian intihsiaknaa titha
chungchuangte chanchin kipkawi chhuiin a tilang thin a. Profiles hian mi
chanchin, pian kum, thil chin, ngaih dan, nung chang, chhungkua…. Chhuiin a
huap zau hle a, puitling tan a ngainatawm zual thin. Human interest feature-ah
chuan, hlimpui chi leh lungchhiatthlak lam chhui a ni a. Indo laia sipai mangang
leh vanduai chanchin angte ngaihnawm takin ziak a ni thin. Seasonal stories hi
hun bik- Krismas, Kut….. chungchang a ni a, chanchinbu hralh kal nan leh
chhiartute duhzawng a nih avangin a pawimawh em em a ni. Interview feature
pawh hi mi dang zirtirna atana tangkai khawpa hman theih a ni a. A chhiartuin a
hmuna tel ve ang dawna a lo tuipui theih tur angzawngin, chezia, aw-ka, nuih
dan……. Nen lam an ziak thin.

Book review hi chanchinbu-a pawimawh tak a tling awm e. Mipui kaihhruai nan
leh lehkhabu kalhmang zir nan chhiartute tan a tul em em a ni. Review tur chu an
thlang uluk em em thin. A ziaktu a lar em? A thuziakah hma a sawn em? Mithar
ziak tah tak a ni em? Publisher lar tak a ni em? An publish zingah a tha pawl a ni
em? Hma a sawn nge an tla hniam? A bu thu-ah sawi laih kai, mi bengverh thil a
awm em? Quarterly te, annual leh periodicals an review bawk.
Lehkhabu an review hian awmze nei takin an chhui thin. A hmel a
tha em? A kawm leh a bu ruahman dan leh a kalphung eng ang nge? A bu hming
leh a thu ainhmeh leh hmeh loh bakah, a bu hming leh a chhung thu a inmil tha
em? A chhut a tha em? Tihsual a tam nge tam lo? A changkang em? A man leh a
bu a inphu em? A phek chhah lam leh a that dan bakah, mi nazawngin an lei zawh
loh chi a nih thute a tilang bawk. A ziaktu mi lar a nih chuan, hming pum an duh
tawk mai chang a awm a; milar a nih loh chuan, a ziaktu chanchin an chhuitel thin.
A chhung thu eng nge a an? Thu dik tluangtlam mai a ni em? Eng thu nge a niha,
a tawng hman a changkangin a tha em? A ziak dan a changkang em?

Freelance Journalist hi an tam lo viau thin. Hna thawh lai an chawlhsana,

eizawnna dang an hmuh mai loh vangin chanchinbu a chhuah tur an ziak a. Mi
hnuaia thawh duh lem loh vanga mahni tuizawng buaipui vang pawhin he hna hi
an thawk bawk. Chanchinbu thenkhat chuan eng emaw bik atan, hun eng emaw
chhung an ruai a. An thuziak leh an thlalak pawh an hralh bawk. Mizoramah pawh
Freelance Journalist kannei ve nual a, a langsar deuh ni awma lang chu Pu
R.Vanlawma hi a ni thei ang. Sum hmuh that a harsa a, an dinhmun pawh a
derthawng a; mi nazawng tih chi pawh a ni lem lo. Freelance Photographer
hlawhtlinga an sawi chu Hawkins a ni. Jackie Kennedy (America President hlui
Kennedy-a nupui) sakawr chunga chuang a chetsual tumin, sakawr atanga a ke van
vawr meuhva a tla lai thla a la a. Chanchinbumiin lei an dil a, rei lo te chhungin a
thlalak atang chuan dollar 9500 a hmu a, a thatpui hle a ni. Freelance Journalist ni
tur chuan rin tlaka thiltih a tul a, hriat leh thiam a ngai a, tuarchhel leh inpekna
thuk neih a tul. Field bik pawh an nei thin.

Yellow Journalism chungchang hi kan ngaihpawimawh tlan tak a niin a rinawm.

A hrilhfiahna tak chu, “The New Journalism without a soul” (The Press and
America, Edwin Emery, The Times of India Press-Bombay,p415) a ni awm e.
Nunna/ Takna neilo chanchinbu an sawina a ni ber. A hralh tla leh miduh zawng
an buaipui a, a hlawkna ngawt umin, belhchiandawllo an chhuah a. Mipui leh
sawrkar lakah an mawhphurhna leh chanvo pawimawh tak phatsanin a hlawkna an
um a. Thu diklo leh mi tichi-ai zawngin an chhuah a. Chanchinbu tih lar nan,
maksak leh hralh tla an buaipui a; pawisak an nei lo. Eng thil pawh a maksak leh
uchuaka chhuah an ching. Sualna tipunlun chi, zahmawh rawngkai leh
chawkhnawk zawngin thu an veivir thin. Thupui maksak leh dangdai hmangin
chhiartu hip an tum thin. America ramah pawh, kum1850 leh 1900 inkar velah a
hluar hle a, an thupui hman duh dan pawh hetiang hawi hi a ni hlawm: “ The
Mysterious Murder of Bessie Little,” “One Mad Blow Kills Child,” “What Made
Him a Burglar ?” “ Starling Confession of a wholesale Murderer Who Begs to be
Hanged,” “Why Young Girls Kill Themselves,” “ Strange Things Women Do for
Love,” (The Press and America, Edwin Emery, p. 425).

Free of the Press leh Freedom of Expression chungchang kan sawi fo. Indian
Constitution : Article 19-Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech,
etc.

(1) All citizens shall have the right-

(a) to freedom of speech and expression

Kan ram dan chuan, mi zawng zawng zalenna a pe a; sawi a ni
emaw, puanchhuah a ni emaw, chanchinbumi tan bik pawh a ni hran lo. Zalenna
kan neih ruala kan chhinchhiah fo tur chu, kan mawhphurhna a ni. Sawrkar leh
mipui pawi khawih lo chinah kan zalenna hi a awm a. Chu vangin, sawrkar chuan,
Registration of Books Act 1867 hmangin dan fel tak a siam a. Chanchinbumi
chuan, dan hriat a mamawh em em. Sawrkar duh dana Registration fel taka tih a
tul a. Chatlak lova thlathum an chhuaha, a copy 500 aia tlem lo a niha, sawrkar leh
mipui pawi khawih lo aniha, inhuatna thil thlen tel chuang lo, sawrkar chhiatna
thlen zawng leh mipui tana tha lo, thu bawlhhlawh leh tenawm an chhuah loh
chuan, Registration tihsak theih a ni a, sawrkar advertisement pawh pek theih an ni
a. Sawrkar dan kalh chanchinbu chu tihtawp theih a ni.

Advertisement hi chanchinbu nunna ber a ni. Ram changkangah chuan sawrkar

bakah company leh sumdawng leh mimal hnen atanga advertisement hi a that ham
em em a. Mizoramah hi chuan, sawrkar advertisement hi chanchinbumite
innghahna awm chhun a ni deuh thaw. Advertisement avang hian chanchinbu man
a tlem a, chanchinbumite an hlawk bawk. Advertisement hi chanchinbumite
thatpui a nih rualin, mipui hlawkna a nit el. Mizoramah chuan, hun engemaw
chhung chu Daily Newspaper bak hi sawrkawrin advertisement a pet a mang lo. A
chhan erawh chu, an chanchinbu tha tawka a ngaih loh vang a ni.

Tunlaia Mizorama chanchinbu dinhmun :

Kan ramah hian Chanchinbu chhuah tanna a rei ta viau. Mahse,

Union Territory kan nih atang khan a pung deuh va; kum 1980 leh 1990 inkar
chhung hian chanchinbu tam ber chu a lo piang niin a lang. Daily Newspaper
bakah, Weekly Magazine a pung nasa zual bawk. Daily Newspaper a khawp loh
vangin Weekly Magazine a lo chhuak niin a lang a. Ram buai lo ziaawm chho ta
leh hmasawnnain a rawn hrin ni pawhin a ngaih theih. Tunah chuan, chanchinbu
chhuak a tam ta hle mai (AppendixV)- Daily Newspaper hi chu, Press-a chhut a
nit a hlawm a. Weekly Magazine erawh chu, Cyclostyle-a tihchhuah a la ni deuh
vek. Monthly Magazine tlem azawng pawh Press-a chhut an ni hlawm Weekly
Magazine hi chu Daily Newspaper nena khaikhin chuan a la hniam a, hmasawnna
tur pawh an ngah hle.

English Paper chu Highlander hi a ni mai a, kan dinhmun en chuan

eng emaw zat nei tawh awm chu a ni a. Kan Daily Newspaper pawh hi a phek tete
a ni a, tlem tlem chuan a hlai hret hret a, kal hmang a nei hret hret a; a chhut erawh
chu a la tha lo hlawm viau. Technology-a khawvel a than nasat dan chhut chuan,
Multi-colour-a chanchinbu chhut awm ve chu a hun. Weekly Magazine tam tak hi
chu, “Yellow Journalism” an tih nen hian a inang hlawm viau.

Chanchinbu hi ram leh hnam siamtu, mipui kai hruaitu tangkai tak a
ni thei a; a chhezawng pawhin min hruai thui thei hle. Weekly Magazine zinga
sawm vel lek ka chhuina atanga thil chhinchhiah tlak tak chu, kum1984-1988
chhung khan copy 5000 vel zett an tichhuak hlawm a; 1989 atangin a copy a
tlahniam vak a, tunah hian copy 800-2000 vel an tichhuak. A chhan langsar zuala
an ngaih chu (1) Pawisa van tak vang, (2)Agent rinawm loh vanga a man hmuh
that loh vang, (3) Magazine a tam tak vang, (4) Miin an ngaisang lo.

Kan rama chanchinbumi hi lehkhathiam (Graduate chin) an tlem hle

a; Journalism Degree nei an awm lo a ni ber. Daily Newspaper enkawltute zingah
hian lehkhathiam an awm nual a, an chanchinbu pawh a changkang zawk bawk.
Mizoram sawrkarin Accredited Journalists a thlan chu (Appendix VI) 11 an ni a;
Weekly Magazine an tel lo. Accredited Journalist-ho hi Advertisement pek tlaka
ngaih an ni a; Assembly Session-ah an thutna hmun bik siamsak an ni a. Ni tin,
Sawrkar Press Release pek an ni a, chanchinbu dang aiin an dah sang bik a ni.
VVIP aln lo kalin an thusawi ngaithla tur a sawm an ni a, Governor-in Press
Conference a koh chang pawhin anni hi an sawm thin. Tin, sawrkarin Card a pe
bawk. Journalism Course a awm nual a (Appendix IV), Correspondence Course
pawh a awm a; a zir thei tan chuan hmasawnna atan a tha hle. Tin, zir lo tan pawh
lehkhabu tha tak tak a awm a (Appendix-I) mahnia inzir pawh a tangkai thei viau.

Chanchinbumi tan chuan, dan hriat a pawimawh a; sawrkar

kalhmang leh thil pawimawh zir taimak a tul em em. An eizawnna a nih avangin,
hmun hlauhawmah pawh, thih huamin theihtawp an chhuah thin. Gulf War lai
khan, chanchinbumi chuan thil kalhmang finfiah an duh avangin, a hmatawngah ,
a ril rilah awm an tum hlawm a. Times Special Correspondent, Michael Kramer
chu indo thu finfiah turin Saudi Arabia-ah tum 5 a kal a, Irag-in Kuwait an
chhuahsan hlimin Kuwait-ah a kal a; Kuwait sipaiin darker 4 lai an man phah
(Times, March 18,1991, p.4). Irag sipai leh helho inbeih dan hre chiang tura a
hmuna kal-Christopher Morris leh Anthony Suau chu Basra daifemah Republican
Guard-in an dang. Anni pahnih leh Journalist 25 lai chu Irag sipaiin an man
(Times, March, 25,1991,p.4). Kum 1980 vela Vanawia leh a pawlte khawsak dan
hre tur khan chanchinbumi an lo kal lo va, an thu ziak pawh a dik tawk thei lo va;
mipuiin an ring ngam lo. Mahse, tun Bethel Harhnaah kha chuan, kan
chanchinbumite chuan a hmuna kala thil chhui nachang an hre ta hle a, hma kan la
sawn zel chuan a lang. Spot verification uar a tul a, research beia thil zir pawh uar
zel a tul.

Mizoramah hian, chanchinbumi eng emaw zat hian thubuai an nei ta.
“A thuziak avangin vawi 6 man a ni tawh (Zonieng Editor). Mizo zingah chuan,
Editor tang hnem ber record a kai e…” (News Editor, Hriatna, 2 May, 1990,p12),
Z.D.Lalkunga, Editor-Zalenna Daily leh Hriatna chuan, Editor, Mizo AW a khing.
Lalthuama Sailovin Aizawl Bazar, Rawlthar leh khawpui Aw a khing (Zoeng Vol
IV No. 10.10 March,1986,p.12) Pastor fanuin a rualin Editor 3 a khing
(Hmingchhiat man Rs 54,000 a phut). Heng Editor-te hi
Chanchinthar,Chhawrpial,Kan ram chanchinbu Editor-te an ni (Sakeibaknei 2-9,
May 1988, p.5). Hriatnain thubuai rip tak a neih chungchang (Hriatna 5-6 Dec.,
1990) : Hriatnain thubuai a neih chhan hi an chanchinbu 1 June, 1990 chhuaka an
thuchhuak, “Synod Hospital-ah damdawi chawh dik loh vangin thihna rapthlak a
thleng,” tih thu a ni.

Thuchhuahah fimkhur a ngai a, a ziaktu pawhin fimkhur nachang

hriat a tul. Aizawl kum 100 tlin chungchanga Pu R.Vanlawma leh Pu R.Thanhlira
te inchhanna thu pawh kha a mawi lo viau (Sakeibaknei 19 Oct., 1990 leh Hriatna
28-1 Oct 1990) Hmun khawhar chanchinbu 23 Aug 1990 kawmah “ Nl Tei Blue
film siam tumin chanchin a ngah ta hle mai?! – Thenkhatin a tum leh lo an tih laiin
a inpuang lawi bawk si!” tih a chuang a. Phek 10-naa he thupui hnuai Paragraph
hnihnaah chuan he thu hi a chuang, “A kawma kan han tar lan hi siam tum lam a
kawk thei a; mahse, kan thu dawnna lam a lo kal sual deuh leh amah sawichhiat
kan tum vang a ni hauh lo – News Ed” A kawma thupui ropui tak a ziaka, a
chhung thu entawn tlak ni lawi lo ang chi hian Chanchinbu hlutna leh zahawmna a
tinep.

Mihring hming khua leh hmun hming dik taka ziak leh puan a tul a,
inbuatsaihna tha neih a pawimawh. Chanchinbumite hi hmun ualauva awm an ni a,
entawn tlaka an nun pawh a tul hle. Mahni hna leh eizawnnaa rinawm hi,
Kristiante mawhphurhna pawimawh tak a ni a, chu vangin, advertisement duh
vang mai a chanchinbu chhuah ve emaw, a hlawk na chauh uma pawisak neih loh
ang chi emaw hi ngaimawh tur kan ni. Thil thleng lian tham a awm chang leh thu
lian tham (issues) a awm changing, mipui leh sawrkar laka chanchinbu
mawhphurhna a lang nasa zual. Kan chanchinbu dinhmun lan na tha tak pawh-
Corruption do chungchangah te, Zu leh Kohhran inkar thu-ah te, Gulf War
chungchangah te…. an ni. Journalist Association pathum kan nei a Mizoram
Journalist Association, Mizoram Periodical Union leh Mizoram Working
Journalist Federation a ni. Pawl pakhatah inhlawm khawm thei se, Journalist
Association dangte (Appendix III) nena inzawmna thawk hovin, hma a sawn theih
awm e.

Sawi ho turte

1. Kan chanchinbu hi eng angina nge kan ngaih ? Eng nge a chhan?
2. Yellow Journalism chungchang sawi ho ni se. Yellow Journalism lakah
nge kan invent ang?
3. Kan chanchinbu tihhmasawn turin eng hmanrua nge pawimawh, engtia
hmalak nge sawt ang?

APPENDIX I

Journalist tana lehkhabu tangkai thenkhatte

(Indian Books on Mass Media)

1. The Active Newsroom published by International Press Institute).

2. The Active Reporter( written by N.James Lowis).
3. The manual Development Journalism (Alan Chakley).
4. Asian News in the Indian Press (Chanakya Sen; Press Institute of India,
New Delhi)
5. Challenge and Stagnation (Chanchal Sarkar, Vikas Publications, New
Delhi).
6. Changing Press (Chankal Sarkar, Popular Prakashan, Bombay)
7. Circulation Problem in India Newspaper (T.N.M. Lingam, Press Institude
of India, New Delhi)
8. Economic Aspects of the Press (Dr. Ashok V.Desai)
9. Editing and Production Manual (P.L.Jaiswal; Madhu Prakashan, New
Delhi)
10. Emerging Estate (Orient Longmans, Press Institute of India).
11. Freedom of the Press in India (Joseph Mennattur).
12. Freedom of the Press in India (Nikhil Ranjan Rai, General Printers and
Publishers, Calcutta).
13. From Profession to Industry : The Indian Press (Arun Bhattacharjee).
14. Freedom of Fraud of the Press (Kedar Ghosh : Rupa & Co., Delhi).
15. Growth of Press and Public Opinion in India (Prem Shankar Khare; Piyush
Prakashan, Allahabad).
16. A History of India Journalism (Mohit Moitra National Book Agency,
Culcutta)
17. A History of India Journalism ( S.P.Thianga, Rajan; Columbia House,
Thanjavur)
18. A History of the Press in India (S.Nataranjan; Ashia Publishing House,
Bombay)
19. Indian Journalism (Nadig Krishnamurthy; University of Mysore, Mysore).
20. Thi Indian Reporter’s Guide ( Richard Critchfield ; Allied Pacific,
Bombay)
21. Indian Journalist Guide 1967-68 (K.A Unnikrishnan; Bombay College of
Journalism, Bombay.
22. The Indian Press (S.P.Sen;Institute of Historical Studies, Culcutta)
23. India’s Monthly Press (Sumanta Banerjee; Indian Federation of Working
Journalists, New Delhi)
24. INFA Press and advertisers Year Book (INFA Publications, New Delhi)
25. Journalism as a Career (B.S. Gupta)
26. Journalism in Modern India (Roland E.Wolseley; Asia, Bombay)
27. Mass Communication in India (K.E.Eapen)
28. The Mass Media (William L.Rivers; Universal Book Stall, Delhi).
29. Pens as My Sword-Memories of a Journalist (K.Rama Rao, Bhartiya Vidya
Bhawan, Bombay).
30. Press and its Problem (Mrinal Kant Bose, Sarkar, Culcutta)
31. The Press 9 Chalapathi Rau, National Book Trust, New Delhi)
32. The press and the law.
33. Press and the people (Vinayak Purohi, Christian Literature Society,
Bangalore)
34. Press, the Public and the Administration ( V.K.Narsimhan)
35. The Press and the Public (Chanchal sarkar)
36. The Press in India 9 Chalapathi Rau, Allied Publishers, Bombay)
37. Press under Pressure (Dr. R.Mankekar, Indian Book Co., New Delhi)
38. Professional Journalism (Patanjali Sethi ; Orient Longmans)
39. Provincial Press in India (T.J.S George ; Press Institute of India, New
Delhi)
 40. Sciencce Writing as a Carer (Kamlesh Roy)
41. Space Saver (A Guide to tighter editorial use of news print) Press Institute
of India.
42. Sub-Editors Companion (Michael Hides, Press Institude of India)
43. Studies in the History of Telugu Journalism (K.R.Seshagiri Rao, Delhi)
44. Truth about the Indian Press (J.N Sahni; Allied Publishers, Delhi)
45. Working Press (Ruth Adler, Lalwani Publishing House, New Delhi).

APPENDIX II

NEWS AGENCIES
1. Indian news agencies

(1) Indian news and feature alliance

A news-cum- feature egency, meets the special needs of the small
and medium-size newspapers,
Address : Jeevan Deep Building, Parliament Street, New Delhi-
110001.
(2) Samachar
Asia’s biggest news agency with correspondents almost throughout
the world. Address : Samachar, Parliamen Street, New Delhi,
110001
2. Foregn news agencies

(With office in India)

(1) Agence France Presse (AFP),11-A, Ratendone Road, New, Delhi-
110003.
(2) Algeminer Deutscher Nachrichtendiem (AND). C-64,Anand
Niketan, New Delhi
(3) Associates Press (AP),19, Narendra Place Parliament Street, New
Delhi-110001.
(4) Deutsch Press-Agentus (DPA), D.7/2 Vasant Vihar, New Delhi
(5) King Features Syndicate (Representative for India and Ceylon;
Advertising Films of India Pvt. Ltd. Khorshed Bldg 4th Floor, Sir
Pherozesah Mehta Road, Fort, Bombay)
(6) Polska Agencja Prasowa (PAP), 73 Jorhagh, New Delhi.
(7) Reuters 27, Pritvi Rai Road, New Delhi-110001
(8) Tanju (Yugoslav News Agency), 4/7 Shanti
(9) Tass News Agency (U.S.S.R), H-32, Westend Colony, New Delhi-
110021
(10) United Press International (UPI), 190, Jorbagh, New Delhi-110003
(11) World Feature Service Limited, Post Box No. 682, New Delhi-
110001.
APPENDIX III

Trade and Professional Associations

1. All India, News Paper Editor’s Conference (AINEC) 50-51, Theater

Communication. Bldg. Connaught Place, New Delhi-110001.
2. All India Small and Medium Newspapers Federation,104 A/198,
Rambagh, Kanpur-12.
3. All India Urdu Small Newspapers Editors Council, 1/24 Asaf Ali Road,
New Delhi-110002.
4. Indian and Eastern Newspapers Society (IENS), JENS Bldg. Rafi Marg,
New Delhi-110001
5. Indian Language Newspapers Association (ILNA), Janambhoomi
Bhavan, Ghoga St. Fort, Bombay-400001
6. Indian Federation of Working Journalists (IFWJ) Flat No. 29 New
Central Market, Connaught Circus, New Delhi-110001
7. National Union of Journalist (NUJ), 7, Jantar Mantar Road, (Second
Floor), New Delhi-110001
8. Press Guid of India, Guild Aall, Suite No. 6, the Majestic, Bombay-
400001.
9. Press Institute of India, Sapra House Annexe, Barakhamba Road, New
Delhi-110001.
10. Sub-Editor’s Guild, B-7/96/2, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi-110016.
APPENDIX IV

Journalism Courses

1. Punjab University, Chandigarh – Department of Journalism, - One

Year’s Post Graduate Degree Course.
2. University of Calcutta, Calcutta : Department of Journalism – Two
Year’s Course leading to M.A. Degree
3. Jabalpur University, Jabalpur (M.P.) –Department of Journalism – One
Year’s Diploma Course.
4. Madras University, Madras – Department of Journalism – One Year’s
Diploma Course.
5. Ravishankar University, Raipur (M.P) – Department of Journalism –
One Year’s Degree Course.
6. University of Mysore – Mharaja’s College, (Mysore – Three Year’s
Degree Course)
7. University of Mysore – Mansa Gongotri (Mysore University’s Campus
of Post- Graduate Studies and Research, Two Year’s Course leading to
M.A
8. Bangalore University – Department Communication – Course leading to
Bachelor of Science (Communication ), MS (Communication) and
Ph.D. (Communication)
9. Nagpur University – Department of Journalism-One Year’s Degree
Course.
10. Marathwada University – Department of Journalism- One Year’s
Degree Course.
11. Unmiversity of Poona-Department of Journalism-(Ranade University,
Poona – 4-, -One Year’s Degree Course.
12. Shiva Uiniversity- Departmen of journalism-One Year’s Certificate
Courses.
13. Osmania University-Department of Journalism-One Year’s Post
Graduation Degree Course.
14. Banaras Hindu University, Department of Journalism-One Year’s
Diploma Course.
APPENDIX V

Particulars of Newspapers/Magazines

Sl Name of Newspapers/ Name &Address

No Magazine of Editor
1 2 3

A. Daily
1. Turnipui S.Lalhmachhuana, Kolasib
2. Chhawrpial C.Lalzamlova
3. Zawlaidi R.C.Hrangchhuma, Bara Bazar
4. Youth Herald Raltawna Ralte, Tuikual ‘A’
5. Khawpui Aw Zaithankhuma Khiangte, Khatla
6. Zoram Tlangau Lalbiakthanga Pachuau
7. Tawrhbawm L.Rinawma,Khatla,Aizawl
8. Zoramchhantu F.Lalbiakzama
9. Hnehtu L.T.Sanga, Republic Veng
10. Mizo Arsi J.Lalthangliana, Upper Khatla
11. Hringnun
12. Romei Robert Lalchhuana, Romei
Office,
Treasury Square, Aizawl
13. Hunthar R.L.Rina
14. Mizo Aw D.r.Zirliana, Zarkawt,Aizawl
15. Tuilut R.Lalmawia, Kolasib
16. Vanglaini K.Sapdanga
17. Evening Star Vanlalsanga
18. Mizoram At Dawn H.F.Rohlupuia, Electric, Aizawl
19. Zualko V.Lalbiakzama
20. Chhawkhlei S.T.Thiauva, Champhai
21. Remna Eng J.Lalngurliana
22. Zokhawpui B.Vanngura, Champhai
23. Zoram Kawtchhuah R.Lalchungnunga
24. Zoram Express T.C.Kapmawia, Dinthar, Aizawl
25. Zomi Lalhmingmawia
26. Zawlkhawpui Tuikhuahthanga, Electric, Aizawl
27. Thuthar Ngurchhina
28. Zorin Lalrinliana Sailo
29. Vox F.Lalbiakzama
30. Zokhua Z.D.Lalbiakmawia
31. Remna Palai K.Lawmsanga
32. Harhna C.Vulluaia,D.vengthar,
Aizawl
33. Bukna R.Lalthanzauva, C/o P.C.Office,
Aizawl
34. Zonunmawi K.Hrangthankima, Rimawi Run,
Aizawl
35. Lotus Zairemmawia, Diakkawn, Kolasib
36. Aw Thar Ngurchhina
37. Lentupui Lalchungnunga, Mamit
38. Eldorado James L.T.Awia
39. Zalenna Tlangau C.Chawngdinga, Mission Veng,
Aizawl
40. Entlang R.Thanglawma
41. Dingdi (Aizawl Express) T.Lalhmachhuana
42. Turnipui Joseph B.Pautu,
Diakkawn,Kolasib
43. Penpals Teenager -
44. Zodin R.Raltawna
45. Darthlalang Sanglianchhungi, Venghlui
46. M.I Thanglawta
47. Enna T.L.Panliana, Bara Bazar, Aizawl.

B. WEEKLY
1. Zoramthar F.lalbiakzama, Treasury Square
2. Zonieng R.Raltawna, Armed Veng, Aizawl
3. Zoram Express T.C.Kapmawia, Dinthar Veng,
Aizawl
4. Zoram Darthlalang T.C.Kapmawia, Dinthar Veng,
Aizawl
5. Ainawn Lalthanzuala Hnamte
6. Lentlang L.T.Sanga, Republic
7. J.R.Express H.L.Zuithanga, Ramhlun South
8. Aizawl Bazar V.L.Hluna Sona,Tuikual ‘S’
9. Lenghawr Lalsiamliana, Muallungthu
10. Mizoram Panorama W.A.Singa, Zemabawk
11. Remna Aw Robuanga Tlau, Venghlui
Venglai, Aizawl
12. Kan ram Z.D.Lalvunga
13. Supply & Transport News Lalzuala
14. Shaolin Rotluanga Tuilual ‘B’ Aizawl,
15. Sport Ngurthanmawia
16. Maryma K.Thanhlira
17. Western Star V.L.Siama, Mamit
18. Vulmawi F.Lalrinawma, Bazar Bungkawn,
Aizawl
19. Bethesda C.Lalmalsawma,
Chaltlang,Aizawl
20. Rawlthar Lalnuntluanga
21. Beiseina S.L.Khama
22. Eros H.Kaphlira
23. Kolasib Aw T.B.C.Liandala, Kolasib
24. Sikeisen Vanlalropuia Sailo
25. Chhantlang J.Lalhmuliana
26. Voltage Jony Lalrengluaia, Republic (ITI)
27. Zobawm L.N.Tluanga Colney
28. Khawzawl Weekly C.Mankunga, Khawzawl
29. Lenlaipar Lalchhandama Siakeng
30. Palai R.Lalhuzauva
31. Hruaitu Arsi R.D.Lawmkima, Darlawn
32. Zorin Lalengmawia, Khawbung ‘S’
33. Students Review
34. Thlirtu K.Lalchungnunga
35. Kar tin thlirtu
36. Zodar
37. Vantawng
38. Youthful Zodinsanga, Electric Veng,
Aizawl
39. Taitesena Siakkhawpauva Ngurte Ramhlun
‘N’
40. S.S.u Journal T.C.Lalremsiama, Aizawl college
41. Thlipui K.Lalchungnunga Rimawi
Run,
Aizawl
42. Aizawl Baptist times
43. Lailoon (Pawi) L.R.Sangkawia
44. Zoram Reporter A.V.Pakunga, Tuikual ‘B’ Aizawl
45. Sofia A.V.Pakunga, Tuikual ‘B’ Aizawl
46. Deiva Liato Solo, Republic, Aizawl
47. Aizawl Times H.Ramdinthara, Edenthar,
Aizawl
48. Zoram Examiner R.Vanhlira
49. Zoram Weekly C.Vulluaia, D.Vengthar, Aizawl
50. Zoram weekly Sanghnuna
51. Mizoram Co-operative Tlangau C.Thanmawia, E.O
52. The Weekly times Vanlalfaka Tochhawng
53. Khawngaihna K.Lalthankhuma
54. Tunlai Khawvel Zodingliana, Chaltlang
55. Zotlang finna Lalpianthanga, Chhingchhip
56. Lengteng T.Romuana
57. Damna Frederick V.L.Chhunga,
Kolasib Venglai
58. Chhuahtlang Vanlalchhuanga
59. Fiaratui H.Vanlallura, Vaphai
60. Hnam nun H.Lallianchhunga
61. Hmar Arsi K.Hrangluaia
62. Fiahna Lalvuana, Aibawk
63. Zozampar C.Rinsanga
64. Thlado Zoram
65. Zoram Thupuan Biakchhunga, Chanmari
66. Zotlang R.F.Muana, Tuikual ‘C’
67. Zoram Entu C.Thuamluaia, Mission U.T.
68. Edenthar Lalthanzuala
69. Durkhawpui C.Lalsiamliana, Durtlang
70. Khawchhak Arsi Lalrinawma
71. Industries Meichher B.Daniela
72. Senhri R.Thangliana, Dinthar,
Aizawl
73. Tuisenzo Lalhlira,Khawzawl
74. Zotlangsang K.Lungruala

C. BI - WEEKLY

1. Sakeibaknei Lalthanzama, M.G.Road, Aizawl

2. Zoeng Runbika, Electric Veng
3. Hriatna Lalnghakliana
4. Tawih Express S.Lalrinliana
5. Saitual Times C.Lalthanzuala, Saitual
6. Vairente Aw H.Lalbiaktluanga, Vairengte

D. FORTHNIGHTLY
1. Huapzo C.Chawngdinga
2. Sunakhari Mohan Kumar
3. Mizoram Chambers Bulletin Thanglawta
4. Thawvenna R.Buchhawna
5. Solitaire Mrs. Chhingpuii

APPENDIX VI

List of Accredited Mizoram Journalist

w.e.f. 27.7.88

(Sorkarin kum tin an ennawn thin avangin tuna Accredited Journalists hi, sorkar
thu thar awm hma atana thlante an ni).

NAME NEWSPAPER REPRESENTED

1. Pu.K.Sapdanga …………. Vanglaini

2. Pu C.Vulluaia …………. Harhna
3. Pu Rinawma …………. Tawrhbawm
4. Pu Lalbiakthanga …………. Zoram Tlangau
5. Pu Lalzamlova …………. Chhawrpial
6. Pu J.Lalthangliana …………. Mizo Arsi
7. Pu R.L.Rina …………. Hunthar
8. Pu Robert Lalchhuana …………. Romei
9. Pu Lalkhawliana …………. Highlander
10. Pu D.R.Zirliana …………. Mizo Aw
11. Pu Darshon Balwadi………… P.T.I
SEMINAR ON EUTHANASIA, SUICIDE AND ATTEMPTED SUICIDE

1. EUTHANASIA OR MERCY KILLING

1. Thuhmahruai : May 4, 1980 khan, MP pakhat MC Daga chuan, Lok

Shaba-ah bill pakhat ‘ The Mercy Killing, 1980’ chu a pu lut a. Chu bill chu India
Parliament-in lo pass ta sela chuan, ramtuileilo leh natna tihdam theih tawh loh tur
chi tuarte chuan dan angina an nunna an tihtawptir thei dawn a ni. Chu Bill-in a
tihlan dan ang chuan, India ramah hian ramtuileilo leh natna tihdam theih loh
natna vei sang tam tak an awm a. Chung mite chu anmahni leh anmahni pawh
phurrit an insiam a, an chhungte tan phurrit an tling bawk a ni. Chu vangin, MC
Daga Bill hi lo hlawhtling ta sela chuan, mi tam tak phurrit a chhawk ngei ang tih
zawngin a ngaihtuah theih awm e. Chu Bill ang chuan, mi, khumbeta na
ramtuileilo leh tihdam theih tawh lo hang chi chuan anmahni duh thu ang ngeiin
an nunna tihtawp an dil thei ang a. Doctor rual (Medical Board) member 75%-in a
dinhmun chu tihdam theih tawh loh a ni an tih a ngai bawk ang a. Chu bakah
District Magistrate-in mahni nunna tihtawp duhtu duhna ngeia a thlan a nih leh nih
loh a fiah a ngai bawk a ni. Chutiang tak paltlang a nih chuan, a nunna chu
tihtawpsak theih a ni ang.

Chutiang dan chu kan mamawh reng em tih hi ngaihtuah thiam tak a
ni awm e. December 8, 1930 khan, mi pakhat, Gopal Shivaram Mandik chuan tur
eiin a nunna a la a. Kum 85 mi a ni. Hetiang a ma nunna ngei a lak hma hian,
sawrkarah mahni nunna tihtawp theihna dan siam turin a ngen a ngen tawh a. Kum
85 lai a ni tawhin, khawvelah a hun a hmang tam thawkhat tawh ; tunah chuan
tuma tan tangkaina a nei tawh si lo va. Tangkai a hnehin phurrit a nihna chin a
awm tawh a. Chu vangin, a thih hun tur pangngai pawngpaw nghah thlen ngawt ai
chuan, dan ang taka a nunna tihtawp na tur dan awm se, nah re lova a nunna tih
tawp chu a thlang zawk a. Chutiang tur chuan sawrkar a kar thin a ni. Member of
Parliament tam tak hnenah pawh chumi kawng zawng tur chuan lehhka a thawn
tawh thin. Mahni nunna lak ngawt chu dan dinglai kalh a nih si avangin a duh mai
bik lo va. Doctor kutah na hre lova dan ang ngei a thih theih kha a duh ber a ni.
Mahse, chutiangchu a hmuh theih tak si loh avangin, a tawpah chuan tuar zo lovin,
sawrkar dan pass hun pawh nghak zo lovin (an pass dawn nge dawn lo tih pawh
hriat ni bawk si lo), ama duh lo hang takin a nunna chu tur hmangin a titawp ta a
ni.

Chutinga a nunna a lak hma chuan lehhka sei tak a ziak a. chutah
chuan dan anga nunna tihtawp theihna tur atan a lo beih nasatzia a tar lang a. MP
leh Prime Minister-te meuh pawh lehkha vawi tam a lo thawn tawh a. Mahse, tu
mahin an chhang si lo. A ngaih dan chu India ram dan thiam hmingthang tak
Justice M.C Chagla, Retired ChiefJustice of Bombay High Court pawhin a
tawmpui thu te pawh a sawi lang a. A intihhlum hnu chuan, mi tangkai tawh lo
nambar pakhatin an tlem sawt dawn a ni tiin a ziak nghe nghe a ni.

Mandik-a dinhmun atang hian mi eng emaw zat chu hetiang

dinhmunah hian an awm ve ngei ang tih a hriat theih a. Natna tihdam theih tawh
loh te, natna na lutuk tuar, an natna pawh chhawk hleih theih tawh loh, damchhuak
chung lo tur tih hriat reng te pawh an awm thei a. Chutiangah chuan, anchhungte
leh anmahni ngei pawhin an nunna chu tihtawp mai duh se, a thiang ang em?
Chutianga nunna tihtawp theihna dan chu awm se, a tha ang em ? tih hi zawhna
lian tham tak a ni thei awm e. India ram danah chuan, mahni intihhlum tum leh,
mi, intihlum tur lo puih chu khap tlat a ni a. Chu vangin, tihdam rual loh tih hriat
reng pawh vei se, a nunna tihtawp duhin, a chhungte pawhin lo duhpui ta se, tih
theih dan a awm lo Chutiang dinhmun khawlhkham taka awmte tanpui nan chuan
Mercy Killing Bill ang chi kha pass a hun tawh mai lo maw? Ti zawngin a
ngaihtuah theih awm e.
 MC Danga Bill kan sawi lan takin a tum tak kha, tun hma atanga
Grik-hote’n Euthanasia an lo tih nen hian inlaichinna chin a nei a. Chu vangin, kan
thupuiah pawh EUTHANASIA tiin kan hand ah hmasa deuh a ni. Euthanasia leh
Mercy Killing tih tawngkamte hi tunlai chuan hman pawlh nawk nawk a ni a. A
tum leh awmzia a hrang lem lo.

2. Euthanasia awmzia leh hmanlaia an lo hman dan

Euthanasia chu Grik thumal pahnih – EU (tha, dam) leh THANATOS (thihna)
atanga lak kawp a ni a. Dam diaia thihna, thihna damdiai, muang siaia thihna kan
ti mai awm e. Saptawng dictionary lamah chuan ‘quite anf easy death,’ tiin
hrilhfiah a ni deuh ber (Cf The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, Book Club
Edition, 1988, p, 689). Tunlia a awmzia berah chuan, nah re lova damlo nunna
tihtawpsak sawina a ni ber. GS Mandlik-a te ang kha chuan, chutiang chu damlo
chungah chauh ni lovin, tar, tangkaina nei tawh lo chunah hman theih ni se an duh
ta hial a ni.

Euthanasia han tih ngawt hian thil thar dangdai tak a ni hran lo va,
hmanlaiin hnam fingvar vak lem lote pawhin Euthanasia ang rawngkai deuh
hmanthinte pawh an lo nei nawk hlawm a ni. Sum leh pai, buh leh bal tlakchham
avanga mipui insuat nana lo hmang tawkte pawh an awm a ni awm e. Mi an lo
tamin chawm sen an nil ova; chu vangin, an zinga tangkaina nei mang lote chu an
‘dah tha’ then mai thin a ni. Aelian-a chuan chutiang thil chu Sardinian zingah an
ching thin niin a sawi. Tar, upa lutuk deuh tawh chin chu an vaw hlum mai thin a
ni awm e. Tar khupbiha dam thlen chu thil zahthlak leh mualphona ang hialah an
ngai niin a sawi 9 H.J.Rose, ‘Euthanasia’ in Encyclopaedia of Religions and
Ethics (ERE), ed., James Hastings, vol p.599). Hnam fing zawka ngaih Grik-ho
zingah pawh, Aelian-a vekin a sawi danin, Kos hmuna chengte zingah chuan tar
upa cu ruaitheh tur ni awm takin an punkhawm a; chawimawi nan parthi an
awrhtir te tea; tur an in tir mai thin niin a sawi. Chutiang chuan, an ram tana
tangkaina nei tawh lo chin nia an ngaih te chu an nunna an tih tawp sak mai thin a
ni. Chi tha zawk chu duh avanga Euthanasia hmang thintu chu te chu Spartan-ho
an ni. Plutarcha-‘n a sawi danin, Spartan-ho zingah chuan pain fate chungah thu an
nei lo. An lo pianin, an hnam upate’n an pian a tha em, tih an endik a. Piantha
deuh chu enkawl zui tur an ni a. Pianchhe deuh leh chawrche deuh chu Mt.
Taygetos bula lei kak ‘Apothetos’ an tihah chuan an paih mai thin a ni. (H.J.
Rose, ibid.,p.600).

Tunlai tawngkam ang deuhva Euthanasia hmanna hmasa ber chu

kum 1646-ah khan a ni (Cf. SOED.p.689). WEH Lecky (1838-1903) chuan
Euthanasia chu natna she tihtawina angina a lo hrilhfiah a. Kum 1887 khan,
William Munk, President of the Royal College of Physicians chuan lehhkabu
pakhat, ‘ Euthanasia of Medical Treatment in Aid of an Easy Death,’ a lo ziak
tawh a. He lehkhabu-ah hian damlo thi mai turte enkawl dan, an natna chhawk dan
tur thu rawn chipchiar angreng tak a chuang nghe nghe a ni (C.G.Scarer, Life in
Our Hands Leicester : Intervarsity Press, 1978,p.132).

Tichuan, Euthanasia tih tawngkam hman dan pawh a lo dang chho

hret hret zel a. Tunlaia hman dan berah chuan, damlote’n anmahni duhthu ngeiin
an nunna tih tawp dil sela; chutiang taka tih dantur sawina tawngkam chu ani ta
ber ani. Hmansual theih anih lai erawh chu ven tel ngei tur ani ang a. Hetiang
zawnga hman tur ang hian kum 1873 daihah tawh khan LA Tollemache chuan
rawtna a lo siam tawh a. Chutatang chuan, a kar khat tawk in mi hrang hrangin
Euthanasia an duh thu an rawn sawi chhuak zauh zauh reng a. Tunlaia damdawi
lam thiamna te a lo san zel hnu hian, damlo thenkhat chu an dam leh beisei reng
reng loh tur nikhaw hre reng reng lova kum engemaw zat damdawi leh khawl
hmanga thi silo, dam silo dah reng te an lo ching ta a. Doctor te tan phurrit a lo nit
a. Chutiang mite chu an enkawlna tih tawp zeuhva thi mai tur an ni. Mahse,
chutiang chuan ti ta sela, an chhungte’n court-ah an khing buai emaw ani dawn si
a. Chuvang chuan doctor tam tak chu luhai in an awm mek a ni.

Kum 1935 khan England-ah chuan Euthanasia Society an din a; chu

pawl chu kum 1969 khan Voluntary Euthanasia Society an ti a. Society nung tak
niin, Euthanasia chungchangah hian an ngaih dan an theh darh nasa hle a ni. He
Society-in a tum ber chu, mipuite, Euthanasia chungchanga hrilh harh leh zirtira,
damlo, tihdam theih tohloh thil chianmg bangte chu an nunna tihtawpsak mai tur
atan kawng zawn a ni a. An ngaih dan chu mipuite’n an tawmpui theih nan an bei
nasa hle a ni (C.G. Scorer, Op.cit.,p.134). Kum 1936 khan Euthanasia phal
theihna tur Bill hmasa ber chu, British Parliament, House of London of Lords-ah
put luh a ni a. Mahse, a second reading-ah vote 35-14 paihthlak a ni a. Kum 1969
khan a vawi hnihna atan House of Lord-ah bawk Bill an theh lut leh a. Chu pawh
chu second reading-ah bawk votes 61-41 paihthlak a ni leh a. Kum 1976 khan a
tum thumna atan, tlema a hming tihdanglam deuhvin Lady Woottoni’n a pu lut leh
a. A Bill hmingah chuan ‘The Incurable Patiens Bill’ tiin vuah a ni a. A tum ber
chu- natna an tuarna tur vensak leh, anmahni chanvo (rights) tihchak a ni a.
Houdse of Lords bawk chuan 81-23-in a hnawl leh ta a ni.

Chutiang chuan, tunlaia Euthanasia-in a tum ber chu, miin natna

tihdam theih loh thil hriat reng vei ta sela, a natna chu Doctor-te pawhin tihdam
theih loh a ni tih hre chiang bawk sela; chutiang mite duh dan chu tihpuitlinsak tur
em ni ang, tih zawng hi a tum chu a ni ta ber. Damlo thi ngei tur, an thih hun an
ban thlen hmaa an nunna tihtawpsak sawi nan hman a ni ta ber a nih chu. Joseph
Fletcher chuan, “Khawngaihna avanga natna tihdam theih loh lak atanga
chhuahtirna,” tiin a hrilhfiah a ni. Chu vangin, Euthanasia tiin a Grik tawng bul
zawk hman a ni emaw, a awmzia sawifiahna Mercy Killing hman a ni emaw, a
tum chu a thuhmun reng a ni.
3. Euthanasia chi hrang hrangte : Euthanasia han tih ngawt hian thlir chian
leh deuh a ngai a. Chi thum lain atawngkam hrim hrim hi chu a then hran theih a
ni. Chu chu kan thu sawi awmzia tichiangtu a nih beiseiin han chhui leh lawk ila.
Pakhatah chuan, Voluntary Euthanasia tih a ni. Hei hi kan sawi tak ber, miin ama
duhthu ngeia a nunna tihtawp dilin, chutianga tihtawp chu a kawk a. Bernard
Haring chuan, hetiang hi, ‘Positive or active euthanasia,’ tiin a vuah (Bernard
Haring, Ethics of Manipulation. New York : Seabury press, 1975, p 107). British
Medical Association Report-in s sawi dan chuan, “ Voluntary Euthanasia chu, mi,
damlo rilru pangngai puin a nunna tihtawp a duhna ang chi hi a ni e,” tiin a
hrilhfiah a. Chutianga mahni nunna tihtawp diltu chu chhia leh tha hriatna rilru
pangngai la pu, mipuitling a ni tur a ni a. Khawi atang emawin chutianga dil tura
nawrna a awm tur a ni lo,” an ti. “Chutianga diltute chuan, tihdam theh hauh loh
natna an vei ngei tih a chiang tur a ni,” an ti bawk. Chu bakah chuan, a nunna
tihtawp dil chhan ber chu, natna tawrh chhawk theihna awm chhun a nih chauhin a
ni bawk tur a ni.

Euthanasia chi dang leh deuh chu-Voluntary Euthanasia vuah a ni a.

Hei hi chu damlo thenkhat, damchhuak lo tur pawh an ni thei e. Anmahni
enkawltu doctor-te’n anmahni thu-in emaw, an chhungte thu pawh a ni thei e-an
nunna an tihtawpsak ang chi hi a ni a. Damlo, natna veitu khan chutianga an tih tur
chu a hre lovin, a remtihna pawh a tel lo thei. Chutianga hre tur leh remti tur
pawhin, a dinhmunin a zo tawh lo hial pawh a ni mai thei bawk. A damlo bera chu
mahni-a ngaih dan siam thei lo khawpa dinhmun chhetawh, damdawi hmanga a
hminga nung che che lek a ni tawh mai thei a. Chu vangin, chututiang hunah
chuan, a tana thu pawtchattheitu-in thutlukna an siam tur a ni ang. Chutiang chuan,
doctorate thiamna hmangin Euthanasia chu an chungah rawih mai theih a ni ang.

Euthanasia chi dang leh deuh chu- Compulsory Euthanasia an ti a.

hei hi chu a kawng a dang deuh. Hmanlaia Spartan-ho hamn dan rawngkai deuh
kha a ni. Society-a mi duhawm lo nia hriat hnam thenkhatte thah chimih tumna
ang chi hi a ni a. Tun hnaiah chuan, Indopui II laia Hitler-a’n an rama mi-a leh
paingsualte a suat vak ang leh Juda-te pawh a rawt chiam ang kha a ni ber mai. A
nawlpuia duh loh zawngte nuai chimih tumna ang chi hi a ni. Euthanasia tih hming
pu tlak pawh a ni chiah lo va; mahse, mithiamte’n Compulsory Euthanasia tiin an
la vuah tat ho va; a hming atan chuan a uiawm deuh lam zawng a ni.

4. Euthanasia chungchanga ngaih dan awm theite : Compulsory

Euthanasia hi chu tu pawhin an do deuh vek awm e, a hmangtu Hitler-a te ang tih
loh chuan. Chu vangin, sawi tam thu a cheng lo va; kan buaipui vak lo vang.
Involuntary Euthanasia chungchang hi chu sawi belh tur a awm deuh vang. Ngaih
dan a phir thei hle mai thei. Damlo dam chhuak zo lo tur, khawla tihnun ringawt ni
tawhte hi kan chhung zingah lo awm ta sela. A enkawlna senso sang hle mai sela.
Chhungkua-in buaipui viau mai bawk si ila. Chutiang dinhmunah chuan eng ang
rilru nge kan put ang? Mahni dinhmuna indin chhintir chunga ngaihtuah chi a ni a.
Damdawi lam thiamna hmangin a nunna kha tihtawp mai a tha zawk ang em?
Chutiang chuan tita ila, phalna petu leh damdawi hmanga a nunna titawptu doctor
kha tualthattuah kan ngai ang em? Hei hi zawhna chhan har angreng tak; mahse,
engtik niah emaw chuan kan chhan ngei tur a la ni mai thei a ni.

Mi thenkhat, Thomas Wood-a te ang chuan Involuntary Euthanasia

pawh hi an pawm thei lo va; "Kristian zirtirna nen a inkalh ani," an ti bur mai
(Thomas Wood, ~Euthanasia' in A Dictionary of Christian Ethics. ed. John
Macquarie, SC M: London, 1967, p. 120). "Mihring nunna hi Pathian pek a ni a.
Chu vangin, mihringin mi dang nunna,an phalnain emaw, an phalna lo emaw
pawhin kan la tur a ni lo hrim hrim a ni," an ti. "Chutianga mi nunna laksak chu a
lakah thil sual tihna lian tak a ni a; Pathian pawisaklohna namen lo tak ani
bawk." Wood-chuan, "Tuarna leh natnate hi chu a chhawk na kan zawng tur a ni
ngei mai; mahse, chumi ti tur chuan hmanrua eng pawh kan hmang tur tihna ani
lo. Natna chhawk nan damdawi hmangin kan inchiu va, eng emaw avangin an
nunna chu a lo titawi palh thei e. Mahse, tum renga mi nunna tihtawp nana chiu
nen chuan thil hrang daih a ni. Chu vangin, damlo na tak an ni emaw, dam pang-
ngai an ni emaw - damdawi lam thiamna hmang emaw. hmang lo emaw pawhin,
mi nunna tihtawp chu tualthat nihna ani reng reng ani," tiin, Involuntary
Euthnasia dotute chuan tan an khawh tlat mai ani.Thenkhat tan erawh chuan,
chutiang dinhmunah chuan, an' chhungte pawh ni iIa, an nunna tihtawp tawh mai
chu kan phal theih tur chi-ah ngaiin, Pathian pawhin a phal an ring bawk a. Chu
vangin, Kristian inzirtirna nen pawh inkalhin an ring lo thung a ni. Chu vangin,
Involuntary Euthanasia-ah mai pawh hian inhnialna a lian thei viau a ni.

Voluntary Euthanasia-ah phei hi chuan inhnialna a lian lehzual hle

a. Thomas W ood-a bawk chuan, "Voluntary Euthanasia chu Kristianna nen a
inkalh tlat ani," tiin tan a khawh leh a. "Mihring hi ama nunna thu-ah hian
thuneitu pumpuhlum a ni lo va.

A petu pathian ta a ni. Mihring hian a nunna vawn that leh tihsei chu
a tih tur a nih laiin, tihchhiat lama tan chu a tih tur a ni bau lo. Natna te pawh hi a
hrehawm hle ani thei; mahse, thil tha lo ber chu a ni chuang lo. A chang chuan,
thlarau lain thanlen nan hmanraw pawimawh a ni thei a. Chu vangin, tum reng
leh mahni duhthu ngeia mahni nunna tihtawptir chu mahni inthahna, sual lian tak
ani," tiin, Voluntary Euthanasia dotute chuan tan an khawh a ni.

Stephen Reynolds phei chuan, Voluntary Euthanasia chu Thusawmpek

6-na, 'Tual i that tur a ni lo,' tih bawhchhiatna niin a ngai (StephenM. Reynolds,
'Euthanasia' : Baker's Dictionary of Christian Ethics. ed. Carl F .H. Henry, Baker
Book House, 1973, p. 222). A natna tuartuin a nunna tihtawp a remti a nih chuan,
mahni inthat a ni ang a. Chutianga na tuartuin phalna a pek avang chuan, a nunna
tihtawpsaktu pawhin tualthat nihna a pumpelh bik bawk hek lo vang. Na chhawk
nan damdawi pek hi chu phal a ni a. Thufing 31 :6..ah pawh, thi mai tur na
chhnwk nan zu pek a phal a. Mahse, mi nunna tihtawp nan emaw, tihtawi nan
emaw, damdawi eng pawh hman phal ang chi chu, Bible-ah hian chutiang lam tan
zawnga sawina reng a awm lo, tiin, Voluntary Euthanasia dotu Theologian then-
khat chu an tangkawh tlat mai a ni. Euthanasia phalna turin dante pawh lo siam ta
tehreng ni' sela, miin rilru chhiain an hmang thei ang a. Huatzawng deuhte in-'dah
that' nan kan hmang mai ang tih a hlauhawm. Rilru tha vak lo puin chutiang dan
chukalpui mai theih a ni ang an ti lehzel bawk a ni. Reynolds-a chuan, "Tuarna
hian Pathian remruatnaah awm chhan a nei a; chhan nei lovin a awm ngai lo,"a ti
tawp mai bawk. Chu bakah, "Natna tihdam theih loh tih leh ngawt thin hi kan tih
dan tur a ni lo; tihdam theih loh anga ngaih pawh a dam leh
thei hlauh bawk a ni," an ti bawk.
Euthanasia hi Pope-in kum 1943 leh 1948 khana paihna thu a
chhuah a.Chutiang deuh bawk chuan, kum 1936 khan Archbishop of
Canterbury,Church of England hotu ber chuan, Euthanasia hi a lo sawisel tawh
bawk a. Kum 1952 khan Protestant Episcopal Church in America chuan
Euthanasiaan pawm loh thu an chhuah bawk. Tunah chuan,Voluntary Euthanasia
chungchangah hian, .khawvel hmun hrang hrangah inhnialna a lian hIe a. Doctor
leh sakhawpute zingah pawn ngaih dan a inthen nasa hIe a ni.

Euthanasia pawmtute chuan thil tha thlen tura hmanraw tha hman
angin an sawi ve thung a. Doctor-te chuan nunna chhan tur hian an thiamna
zawng zawng an hmang tur ani, tiin ngaih dan ding sa lian pui a awm a. Chutih
lai chuan, thi mai turin a nunna hrehawm tak titawi turin duhthlanna a nei thei ve
tho dawn lo'm ni tih chu ngaih dan awm ve thei tak a ni bawk. Chu thil pahnih
chu engtianga sawi rem tur nge ni ang? Mihring nunna zahawmna ie, a petu
Pathian zahawmna te hi palzutin mahni nunna thu-ah thu kan nei ve thei tho lo'm
ni? Khawtlang hian chutianga mahni nunna tihtawp duhte chu an remtihpui thei
reng em? tihte hi zawhna pawimawh leh chhan harsa niin a lang.
5. Medical lam atanga Eu'thanasia pawm theih lohna chhante: British
Medical Association chuan, damdawi lam thlirna atanga Euthanasia pawm theih
lohna chhan tam tak a tar chhuak a (Huge TroweIl, The Unfinished Debate on
Euthanasi,a. SCM : London, 1973, pp. 126-129). Chung chu a ki.Q1changin sawi
vek a tul lo vang a, a pawimawh zual ni-a langte chu :
(a) Damlo, thih diltu khan a rilru a thlak leh lo vang tih hriat theih a ni lo. Rilru
dang puin Euthanasia atana a lo dil tawhna pawha thlak leh thei a ni.
,
(b) Chutiangin, damlo chuan thih dilin, an chhungte pawhin remti ta sela, a thih
hnuah khan an chhungte talin an rilru an thlak leh thei a. Euthanasia titu doctor
kha hmingchhe takin an chhuah thei a ni.
.'
(c) . Natna hi, an dam laia an natna ni ngeia hriat,hi, an thih hnua zir nawn leh,
hian hrang daih ani tih hmuhchhuah fo a ni a. Chu vangin, natna tihdam theih loh
 anga doctor-in a lo sawi pawh tihdam theih chi a lo ni hlauh thei a ni.
(d) A tawpkhawkah chuan, doctor-te bawk kha Euthanasia kengkawhtu tur chu
an ni a. Chu chu an hna nen a inrem lo a ni. Doctor-te chuan an training
chhuahin, mi dam nana thawk tura intiam (Hippocratic Oath) an ni a. Chumi
kalhzawnga chet leh si chu thil "duhawm lo tak ani.

(e) Doctor leh damlote inkar reng reng hi inrintawnnaa innghat a ni a, Doctor leh
damlote hran, chu inrintawnnaah chuan, thuthlung ang hiala ding nghetin, a chhe
lam emaw, a tha lam emaw pawh ni sela, hrisel lai leh bawrhsawm lai pawhin,
thihnain a then hma loh chuan, zawm dun an ni a. Chu vangin. damlote'n
anmahni duhthu ngeia an dil a nih pawhin, an nunna tihtawp chu doctor-te tih tur
chi a ni lo. Trowell-a'n a sawi dan phei chuan, "Khawi ram pawh chutianga
Euthanasia phal theihna dan siam khawpin loa ta pawh ni sela, doctor-te chu a ti-
puitling turin an inhnamhnawih ngai lo vang," a ti tawp mai a ni. Heng bakah
hian Euthanasia dozawnga hnialkhan tam tak a awm thei ang. Thenkhatin, "Miin
nuam leh hahdam zawka thih an duh vangin Euthanasia an dil ang' tih ang chi
pawh, Euthanasia dopawl chuan, "Thihna tam zawkah hi chuan, damlote hi
thlamuang takin an thi thin a ni," an ti. Tlemazawng erawh erawh chu thih dawna
thlamuang lem lo chu an awm ngei awm e. British Medical Association-in a
chhut dan chuan, an ram mitthi 5% vel lek chu thih dawna rilru hrehawm tak leh
thlamuang lo taka thi niin an hria (Trowell, op. cit. p. 16). Mi dang erawh chuan,
chutianga rilru hrehawm taka thi-hochu 7 % atanga 13 % vel niin an chhut thung
ani."Chung mi tlemte, thih dawna na tak tuar leh hlau leh khur chunga thihna
pantute tan chuan, Euthanasia hi a tul ani," tiin a tantute chuan an sawi ve
thung a ni. Euthanasia dotute chuan, "Mi, thi turin thihan dil mai lem lo a ni," an
ti bawk. Chu vangin, Euthanasia hmanga nunna tihtawp phei hi chu dil duh pawh
an awm an ring lo. Mahse, chu ngawt phei chu a lo ni hauh lo mai. National
Opinion Polls (Medical Register), 1964- '65-in a hmuhchhuah chu, Doctor 1000
hnenah damlo thi mai tur an enkawlte'n an nunna tihtawpsak thuai turin an ngen
ngai em tih chu, 46. 8 % chuan chutiang chuan an ngen thin tih an sawi (Trowell,
op. cit, p. 161).
Damdawi lam thiamna hi a lo sang ta em em mai a. Chu vangin, kumina tihdam
theih lohte pawh hi nakkumah chuan tihdam theih a lo ni thei a. Chuvangin,
damlo tan hian beiseiawm lo dinhmuna dinganga inngaih hi a chi loh ani, tiin a
sawi theih bawk awm e. Amaherawhchu, lehlamah erawh chuan, tuna natna lak
atanga chhuah duh tawhin, a ni ngei dawn nge dawn lo pawh hriat loh nakkum
nghah kha thil fuh ber a ni lo thei a. Chumi nghah chhunga na tuar- zozai khan, a
hnua damna lo awm tehrengpawh ni se, a man zo ang em tih chu ngaihtuah tham
a ni bawk ang. Chu vangin, 'bei nge sei run dung' tihang hrima, nakkum emaw,
kum sawm hnu emaw nghah ngawt chu thil tihchi ani ber kher lo vang.
Doctor-te'n damlo natna ni ngeia an sawi hi an tisual ve thei bawk
a. Chu vang in, Euthanasia tih turah khan, natna hriat dik loh palh awm thei a ni.
Mahse,hei hi hnialna puitling tak chu a ni lem lo vang. Tih- . sual theih loh phei
chu a ni hauh lo mai a. Amaherawhchu, Euthanasia hmanna tur ang chinah tawh
chuan, tunlai dioctor-te thiamna hian damkhawchhuak zo tur an nih leh nih loh,
chu a thliar fel thiam khawp tawh a ni tih chu pawm ngam ila.

Damlo na tuar mangang khan, Euthanasia kha ngaihtuah chiang

tawk lovin a thlang mai thei bawk a ni tiin hnialna a awm leh thei a. Hemi chung
changah, chuan, Euthanasia dan khan thil chipchiar tak, tih tur leh tih loh tur
chinte a siam fel vek ang a. Chu bakah, Euthanasia tih tur pawh lo ni ta sela,
hmanhmawh taka tih mai chi a ni lo. Dan dungzuia tih a nih dawn avangin, eng
emaw a lo awm a nih pawhin, chutiang tih fel dan tur chu a inphum tel ve tho
turah ngai ila.
Euthanasia, hi phal anih chuan, damdawi lama thiamsanzelna hian
a tawrh phah ang tih hlau an awm bawk. ,Natna na tak tihdamna zawn lam aiin,
a tihtawp lamah Doctor-ho anramtang mai ang a. Tichuan, damdawi lama natna
rilzawk chhuichhuah tumna a chauh phah ang; hmasawnna a thuanthu mai ang
tih a hlauhawm, tia tankhawh tawk an awm. Mahse, hei hi tanchhan tlak vak
chu niin a rinawm loh. Tunah pawh hian, dan ang thlapa Euthanasia tih hi
phalrai a ni lo chung pawh hian, doctor tam tak chuan Involuntary Euthanasia
phei hi chu engti kawng zawng zawngin emaw an hmang tho niin a lang a.
Damdawi lama thiamna a thuan thutna awm hmuh tur a awm lo.
Euthanasia dotute chuan, "Doctor-te ngei pawh hian Euthanasia dan
neih hi an duh lo ani," an ti bawk. Mahse, hetianga chawhcham mai hi chu a dik
awm lo ve. Euthanasia dan a awm lo chung hian, doctor-te chuan engti kawng
emaw talin Euthanasia hi an hmang thin niin a lang a. Doctor Association te,
doctor tam takte pawhin Euthanasia hman theihna dan hi awm se an duh em em
zawk a ni. India ramah erawh hi chuan, kan dinhmun a la dang hret mai thei e. Dr.
Sam G .P. Moses-a tawngkam hi a dikna chin a la awm mai thei; ani chuan,
"Doctor-te hi Euthanasia thu-ah hian kan phur tehchiam lo va; chu vangin, he
subject sawi ho pawh hi, kan I duh vak rih lo," a ti (Quoted by R. Gopalan,
'Frontiers of Medical Ethics' in A Vision for Indian Tomorrow, eds. JTK Daniel
and R. Gopa]an, MCC : Madras, 1984, p. 237).

6. Bible atanga Euthanasia thlirna: Bible tanchhantute chuan, Euthanasia hian

Thusawmpek 6-na kha a kalh a ni, an ti a ni ber mai. 'Tual that suh: (Exo. 20:13)
tih hian Euthanasia hmanga' nunna tihtawp hi a khap tel a ni, an ti. Hetianga kan
tan chhan"dawn chuan, he thupek hi a awmzia bul deuh zawka chhui a ngai awm
e. He thusawmpek 6-na hi Saptawng lamah pawh lehlin dan hrang hrang a awm .
a; a langsar zualte chu - . '
Thou shalt not kill (A V)
You shall not kill (RSV IJB)
You shall not commit murder (NEB)
Do not commit murder (TEV)
Do not commit murder (REB)
You' shall not murder (NRSV & TANAKH) .
Saptawng thiam tan ,chuan lehlin dan inan loh Zeuh zeuhna lai chu
man thiam mai theih a ni awm e. Lehlin hlui lam zawk en chuan, mi thah hrim
hrim a khap , ni pawhin a lang a. 'I that ,tur ani lo,' a ti tawp mai niin a lang. Mizo
tawngah hian, kan lo dah chiang zawk mah a, 'Tual i that tur a ni lo,' tiin. Tualleh
ral' kan thlei hrang nghal diam mai a ni. Chu vangin, thupek hian, Zo" tawnga
lehlin ang chuan, indona lama inthat ang chi hi chu ahuam lo nghal mai niin a
lang. .
Tawng bul zawk kan en chuan, he lai thua 'that' tih tawngkam hi
intihhlumni nazawng sawina a ni lo va. Dan ang ni lova, miin mi dang huat vang
emaw, phuba 1ak duh vang emaw, eng emaw hlawkna a neih dawn vang emawa,
tumlawkna nei ran chunga mi dang nunna laksak a kawk ber a ni (Brown,Driver
and Briggs, A Hebrew and English.Lexicon of the Old Testament, Oxford' :
Clarendon" Press, 1906,p. 953).Chu vangin, he thupek hian nunna lak zawng
zawng chu a khap vek hauh lo mai. Dan lo auga nunna in1aksak erawh chu a khap
ani. Tualthat tih hi eng nge a awmzia dik tak? Tualthat chu - miin
ngaihtuahlawkna hmanga rilru chhia pu-a, mi dang nunna a laksak hi a ni. Eutha-
nasia chu tualthatah kan ngai thei ang em? Euthanasia hi dan anga phal a nih
chuan, ngaihtuahlawkna nei chunga mi natna chhawkna tura a duh anga a nun na
tihtawpsak a ni dawn, a. Bible-in tualthat a, tih nen chuan a dang deuh lo maw?
Phuba 1ak tuma tih a' ni dawn lo va, khawngaih avanga a nunna pawhtawisak a ni
mai dawn a. Thusawmpek 6-na hian a khap tel pha lo mai lo maw? tih chu zawhna
pawima wh tak a ni ngei ang le. Thusawmpek 6-na chuan, miin mahni thu thua
dan insiam chawpa mi dang nunna chunga thuneihna inpekna ang chi kha a khap
tak chu a ni a. Thuthlung Thar 1amah pawh hetiang bak sawina, hrilhfiahna hi, a
awmn chuang lo. Lal Isua tawngkam tak kan lak dawn phei chuan, Euthanasia do
inti si kian. Euthanasia aia nasa zawk hiala mi nunna laksaktu kan nih mai theih
hmel hle te pawhin a lang. ,Chutiang zawnga ngaihtuah chuan, Thusawmpek 6-na
hian Euthanasia a khap awm pawhin a hriat loh.
Bible atanga thlir dan dang awm leh thei chu Euthanasia chu mahni
inthat angah ngaih theih a nihna chin a awm leh thei ve awm e.Chuti a nih phei
chuan, Euthanasia kan ramah danin lo phal ta sela, Kohhranho chuan mitthi kan
vui dan pang ngai chuan kan vui thei dawn lo a ni ang a. A .buaithiak ngawt ang,
le. Mahni inthat chungchangah chuan, Bible-ah hian chiang taka mahni inthah
sawlselna leh paihthlakna hmuh tur a awm lo va sawimawina leh pawmna a awm
bawk hek lo, tiin duh tawk deuh mai ila a tha awm e. Voluntary Euthanasia leh
mahni inthah (suicide) hi thliar hran .thiam deuh chu a ngai ang. Mahni inthah
chu-mahni ngeiin mi dang tanpuina pawh tel lova, mi dang phalna pawh tel lova,
mahni nunna lak hi a ni a. Euthanasia-ah erawh chuan, mahni remtihna mai ni
lovin, doctor-te ngaih dan leh roreltu (Magistrate)-te ngaih dan bakah, chhungte
remtihpuina tela tih ani dawn a. Chu.vangin, a hman danah a danglam thui hle tih
a lang.

Theology lam atanga thlir chuan, Pathian chu nunna petu a ni a.

Chu vangin, nunna tihtawplehna pawh chu ama thu thu ani, tiin tan khawh leh
theih a ni ang Euthanasia chu Pathian In (Temple of God) tihchhiatna ang a lo ni
dawn a. Lal Isua .chanvo chunga inrawlhna ang hialah ngaih theih a ni ang. A
lehlampangah erawh chuan, Pathianin mihringte hnenah finna leh thiamna min
pe a. Chumi chu, tul lo thleng thlenga nun awmze nei tawh lo emaw pawhsei nan
kan hman chuan, Pathian huang chhung kan dai thuk hle tho a ni lo'ng maw? a tih
theih bawk ang.

Tuarna hi mihringte tan Pathian thil ruahman pakhat a ni ve reng

alawm. Mihringte thatna atan hmanraw pawimawh a ni thei a. Chu vangin,
Pathian thil rel danah hian tuarna hian hmun a luah ve tlat ani; awmze nei lo
ngawt ani lo. Thlarau lam than nan hmaraw pawimawh a ni thei bawk, tiin a sawi
thei bawk ang a. Hemi chungchangah hian tuarna chungchanga Kristiangte thlir
dan tur zau deuh zawka chhui pawh a ngaiin a rinawm. Euthanasia dodal tute
chuan Joba tuarna chungchang kha tanchhanah an hmang fo. Mahse, Joba
chungchang kan bih chian chuan, Joba khan lungawi takin a tuarna kha a tuar
ngawt ngawt hauh lo tih kan hmu. Chutianga pawngpaw pawm diak diak mai lo
chuan eng vangin nge a tuar mai, tiin, Pathian meuh pawh a chhal a. A tawpa a
hmuhchhuah pawh, a tuar chhan lam ai mahin, tuarna hi thuruk, mihringte’n an
hriat thiam mai loh tur thil a ni tih ani.

Joba bu-ah emaw, Bible bu dangah emaw pawh tuarna hi pawngpaw

sepui ruah tuar ngawt ngawt tura hrilhna kan hmu lem hauh lo a ni. Chuti
ahnehin, Bible-ah chuan tuarnate hi chhawk tur a nihzia te, khawngaihna lantir
tur a nihzia te, tanpui ngai tanpui tur anihzia te a tar lang kur ngiai nguai zawk a.
Chuti a nih chuan, Voluntary Euthanasia chu, Bible zirtirna huang chhungah a va
khung theih mai awm em? Tuarna hi thlarau lam than lenna a ni ti zawnga tan
kan la dawn a nih chuan, engah nge nachhawknate hi kan eia, nachhawkna
hmanga kan inenkawl thin, ti pawhin a inzawh theih bawk ang? Chutih lai chuan,
kan tuar chhuaha kha eng ang tak nge tih thil chiang tha tawk hmuh tur a awm
thei lo lehnghal mai thei bawk a. Min titha tur nge a nih, min tichak lo zual
sauhtu tih pawh hriat theih ani hek lo. Hmangaihna leh khawngaihnate a
hrinchhuah theih lain, khakna leh suahsualna zau zawk pawh a phur chhuak ve
thei tho bawk a ni.

Theology atanga thlir chuan mihring hi Pathian anpuia din kan ni a.

Pathian kan anna zawng zawng chu sawi thiam chi pawh a ni lo vang. Mahse,
amah nen inpawl thei kan nihna hi Pathian kan anna pawimawh tak pakhat chu a
ni ngei ang tih hi chu a phat chi loh ang a. Chutih laichuan. mihring hi thi theia
siam a ni lawi bawk si; Chu vangin, tuar tura ,siam a ni tel mauh mai. Mihring
nunna hi Pathian pek a nih avangin zah tur a ni a; humhim tur pawh a ni. Chu
vangin, tullo taka nunna tihchhiatna, tur lakah hian humhim a ngai a ni.
Amaherawhchu. chu nunna chu humhim leh ven that kan tumna lamah hian, a
lutuk a awm thei ang em tih chu zawhna pawimawh tak, a ni ang lawi si. He lei
taksa physical life and biological lire) nunna hi hlutna vawrtawp awm lo khawpa
hlu-ah ngaiin, a humhalh nan neih thingkhawnga, a harsat dan zawng zawng
pawh ngaihtuah thleng duh lova humhim tum luih tlat zel te hi .thil tih chi a ni
ang em? Chutiang kawngah chuan, he leia kan nunna hi pawhsei kan tumn luatah
hian,a ni lo thleng thleng hian a kal ve theih tho loh ang maw? tih hi ngaihtuah
tham a awm.

Karl Batth-a chuan. "He lei nunna hi Pathian nunna a ni lo va; thil
siam nunna a ni. Chu vangin, chatuan nunna, mihringte hnena Pathian tiam kha a
ni lo; .ral leh mai thei nunna a ni. Chu vangin, he lei nunna venhimmna kawngah
hian tawp awm lo ang khawpa tan khawh tur a ni lo ve," a lo ti a (Karl Barth;
(;Church Dogmatics, Vol. III (Part 4), Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1961, p. 397).
James M. Gustafson chuan, "Nunnazah leh pawisak tih lemah, he taksa nunna, hi
mi mal leh an chhungte thlenga an tawrh zawh loh thleng thleng tura hum,him
tumna lam a ni lo," a lo ti bawk a (James M. Gustafson, The Contibution of -
Theology to Medical Ethics. Milwaukee: Wisconsin, 1975, p. 60).

7. Tlangkawmna: Kan sawi tawh ang khan, Voluntary Euthanasia hi mahni

inthah (suicide) nen chuan danglamah pawm ngam i la. Mahni inthatte chumi
phalna tel lo leh hriatpui lohva thilti an ni a. Mahse, voluntary euthanasia hmang
duhte chu an natna tihdam theih loh a ni tih a chiang tur a ni ang a. Chutianga,
mi, damchhuak tawh lo turte chunga an nunna tihtawina dan chu awm ta sela"
mi tam tak chhawkzangkhaina a ni thei dawn lo'm .. ni? Mahse, chutianga ti tur
chuan dan fel tha tak neih a ngai ang a. Damdawi lamah ngaih dan petu tur
Medical Board din a ngai ang a. Roreltute (magistrates) inrawlh a tul bawk ang.
Chungho zawng zawngin an ngahtuah hnuah, damlo chu zahawm taka thihtir tha
zawk a an hriat chuan, a duh ang chu tihpuitlin sak nisela. Nunna hi ka'n chanvo
a ni kan tih thin ang bawk hian, zahawm taka thih (die with dignity) pawh hi kan
chanvo a ni tel ve dawn lawm ni.

Sawi ho turte :
1. Voluntary Euthanasia hman theihna tur dan nei ila, a tha ang em ?
2. Voluntary Euthanasia leh suicide hi thil hrang niin kan hria em? .
3. V oluntary Euthanasia leh Bible zirtirna hi inkalh in kan ngai em? Kan nunna
ihi theih bak bak leh tul lo thleng thlengin kan nun luihtir hram hram zel dawn em
ni? .
4. Voluntary Euthanasia hi ram danin phal tase, . Kristian in thurin lam atangin
harsatna a awm thung ang em?
3. MAHNI INTHAT LEH MAHNI INTHAH TUMTE CHUNGCHANG
(SUICIDE AND ATTEMPTED SUICIDE

1. Thuhmahruai : Thihna hi mihring chunga thil thleng ngei tur, loh theihloh thiI a
ni. Chu vangin, thil rapthlak anga ngaih ngawt chi a ni lo vang. Amaherawhchu,
an thih dan azirin, thi ropui deuh te, thi rapthlak deuh te, thi mualpho deuhte a
awm theih a. Thih dan azir bawkin chhungte tana zahthlak deuh leh thih dan
lawmnawm leh chhuanawrn deuhte pawh a awmn thei awm e. Mahni inthatte thih
dan hi thihna rapthlaka ngaih a ni a. A mualphothlakin a zahthlak bawk. Sarthihna
rau rau-ah pawh a duhawm lo zual deuh awm e. Chu vangin, chhungte tan a
zahthlak a; mi dang pawhin an chhungte thlengin kan en danglam deuh thin niin a
lang. Chuti chung chuan, mahni inthat leh mahni inthah tum hi khawvelah hian an
tam hle reng a. Ramri emaw, vun rawng emaw, sakhua emaw, mipa emaw,
hmeichhia emaw thlei bik a nei hek lo. Ram thenkhat erawh chu ram dang ai
chuan mahni inthat an hluardeuh. Entirna - Hungary-ah chuan mi nuai khat zelah
mi 48 mahni inthat an awm laiin, Findland-ah chuan mi 37, Austria-ah mi 31,
Sweden-ah mi 31, West Germany-ah mi 28 an ni. Heng ramte hi khawvelah mahni
inthat tamna ram an ni (A. Venkoba Rao, 'Attempted Suicide (parasuicide) and
Suicide' in Introduction to Psychiatry, eds. Abraham Verghese and
AnnamaAbraham, CLS : Madras, 1983, p. 117). Hetiang khawpa. mahni inthat an
tam avangin, tunlai Social Scientist tam tak chuan mahni inthah tumna hi natna hri
hlauhawm tak niin an ngai hial a ni.

India ramah pawh hian, mahni inthat hi, kum tin mi nuai khat zelah 6-
9 vel awm ang an ni a. Chu chu, mi 45,000 aia tlem 10 kum tin India ramah
mahni inthat an awm tihna a ni tA Venkoba Rao, ibib). Hei hi a lang tlang chang,
Police hnena report lut chin chauh a ni a. Mahni inthah hi an chhungte tan thil
zahthlak a nih avang leh, police hnena report pek hi, tul lava thubuai (case) neih
mai theih thil a nih avangin, mahni in that tam tak chu police hnena report pek
loh an awrn tih hriat tel tur a ni.
Heti khawpa mahni inthat an tam a nih chuan, mahni inthah tum
phei chu an tam lehzual ang tih hriat sa a ni a. Mahni inthah tumte hi an hlawh-
tling vek lo va. Mahni thihna thleng hman em lo mahni ,inthah tum hi a inthatte
aiin an tam zawk ngial a. Mahni inthah tum, hlawhtling chu mi pariat zela pakhat
(8:1) atanga sawmlehpahnih apakhat(12:1) ang niin a chhui mite chuan an sawi
(A. Venkoba Rao, ibib)' Chutiang chu a nih avangin, mahni inthah tum, tlawlh ta
hi an tam em em a ni. An chungchang hi buaipui tham tak a tling reng a ni.
Hetianga mahni inthah tum, tlawlh tate hi ram tam takah, India ram pawh tiamin,
Police-in man theih an ni a. Lung Ina tantir leh pawisa chawitir theih an ni. A
vanduaithlak hIe a ni.
2. Mahni inthatjinthah turn hrilhfiahna : Mahni inthat han tih bian a kawh ber
chu, mahni nunna, mahni duhthu ngei leh mahni tumna ngeia lak ang zawngin
Saptawng Dictionary lam chuan a hrilhfiah ber a (Cf. The Shorter Oxford
english Dictionary & Webster English Dictionary). Saptawnga SUICIDE tih hi
French thumal pahnih SUI (Mahni) leh CIDE (tan chhum, that, tihhlum) tih
atanga lak a ni a. Mahni nunna, mahni duhthu ang ngeia, tum renrawn chunga tih-
tawp (lak) hi mahni inthat chu a ni ber awm e. Mizoram Presbyterian, Kohhran
Synod Executive Committee chuan, mahni. intihluma ngaih turchin a
tihchiannaah chuan, 'Mahni intihlum chu, mi tu pawh,mahni intihhlum theihna
eng pawh hmanga, hre reng leh turn renga mahni , nunna ti tawp (la) - te hi an ni.'
tiin a hrilhfiah a ,(Synod Exe~utive Committee 122:8). Chutianga mahni
intihhlumnte an awmin, mitthi dar pawh vuak loh tur' a ni (SEC 119 :28/2).
Mahni intihhlum tumn (attempted sukide/parasuicide}te chu mahni duh
thu ngeia mahni nunna lak tum, hlawhtling ta lote chu an ni leh mai ang a.
Amaherawhchu; mahni inthah tum hi ram danah thubuai neih theih a nih
avangin,eng ang chin nge mahni inthah tumte chu ni ber ang tih chungchangah
ramri !kham fel deuh ngaihna chin a awm a. Chutiang atan chuan heng tehna hi an
hmang ber:
(a) Mahni intihhlum tum hmanraw hman chu a that tawk loh vangin emaw,
a hman thiam tawk loh avangin emaw a thihna a thlen zo lo a ni thei.
(b) Mahni inthah tuma bei tawh chu a thih hmain phawk tawkin chhanchhuah
leh a ni thei.
(e) Mahni inthah tum, thi tawh ang hiala ngaih pawh, damdawi leh Doctor-te
hmangin an nunna chhanchhuah a ni leh thei bawk.
Hei bakah hian, mahni inthah tum tak tak leh, tum tak tak lem lova, mi
vau nan leh chhanchhuah ngei an nih beiseia tum derte thliar hran deuh thin a ni
bawk.

3. India ram dinhmun: India ramah hian kum tinin mi 45,000 aia tlem lo mahni
inthat an awm a ni tih a ni a (Bureau of Police Research and Development,
Minister of Home Affairs, Govt. of India). A tlem berah, kum tin chumi let 10 vel
mahni intihhlum tum an awm tihna a ni bawk a. Chuti a nih chuan, kum tin mahni:
intihhlum tum mi 4,50,000 aia tlem lo an awm tihna a lo ni leh a. Minute 12 zelah
mahni intihlum pakhat an awm ziah, ang a ni a; mahni intihhlum tumn 120 vel an
awm reng tihna ani bawk. Hei hi Police hnena report thleng chin chauh atanga
chhut a ni a; Police hnena thleng ta lote nen phei chuan mahni intihlum/intihhlum
tum Namber chu a sang hle ang. India ramah rau rau pawh, hmun dang aiin chhim
lam states - Kerala, Tamil Nadu leh Karnataka-ahte chuan mahni intihlum an tam
deuh bik a. State anga lak dawn chuan, Kerala State mahni intihlum nambar a sang
ber a; mi nuai khat zelah mi 15 aia tlem 10 chu kum tin intihlum awm ang a ni
(Dr. B.J. Prasantham,`Indian Case, Studies in Therapeutic Counselling, Christian
Counselling Centre: VeUore, 1978, p. 83). National Institute of Mental Health and
Neuro Science (NIMHANS : Bangalore)-in a chhut danin Kum 1985 khan, India
ram khawpui zingah Bangalore-ah mahni inthat an tam ber a, mi 1000 zet an awm
Madras (450) leh Delhi (400)-in a dawt a ni. India ramah hian mahni inthatte
inthah chhan ber chu-natna khirhkhan tak vei vang te, nupa inngeih loh vang te,
nupui/pasal chhungte nena inngeih lohvang te, exam-naa hlawhchham yang te leh
sum leh pai chungchanga buaina avang te ni berin a lang (Dr. B.J. Prasantham,
ibib., p. 84). Chutianga mahni inthat zingah chuan, hmeichhia, pasal nei tawh leh,
mipa, nupui la nei lo an tam ber a. India ramah mahni inthatte hmanrua ber chu tur
(41 %), tuia zuanthlak (37.9 %) leh awhhlum (18 %)a ni (Dr. B.J. Prasantham,
ibib.). A dang chuan hmanraw hrang hrang khama zuan thlak, mahni inhal, electric
hrui nung khawih leh mahni inkahhlumte an hmang deuh ber thin (A Venkoba
Rao, Ope cit., p, 119).

Mizoramah hian mahni inthat hi hmanlai atang tawhin an lo awm ve

thin a. Tun hma lam hunte kan thlir chuan Mizorama mahni intihlumte chu-tar.
nun thlahlel vak tawh lo te, nu valai leh pa valai,rilru hahna eng emaw tak neite,
mihlim rui leh uire vanga rilru hrehawm te an ni chawk thin. Kum 1980 hnu lam
atang khan Mizoramah mahni inthat sawi tur an pung ta deuh niin a lang.
Amaherawhchu, chanchinbu hrang hranga lo lang thin bak hi record kan nei tha lol
hle ni awmin a lang (Aizawl SP leh Lunglei SP hnenah, mahni in that record an
neih ang min pe turin ka dil a; mahse, chutiang tak hmuh tur chu an ni lo a ni ang
min .pe thei lo ani).Chu vangin, tun hnaia Mizorama mahni inthat/inthah tum
dinhmun (statistics) a awm mumal lo va. A pawi hle-a ni. Chanchinbu hrang hrang
atanga mahni inthat lo lang thin kan en chuan, thalai an ni deuh ber a; a chhan
pawh zu leh drug vang ni berin a lang. India ram hmun dangah pawh mahni inthat
75 % chu kum 15-40 inkar an ni a; 20 % vel chu kum 18 hnuai lam an ni:(Dr. B.I.
Prasantham,op. clt.,p. 83) .

Khawthlang rama mahni inthat chungchang chhuitute chuan, nipui

laiin mahni inthat an tam zual thin niin an sawi. Nipui khaw hun hian thinlung
pawha tipuam chakin, mahni inthah tumte tan thu pawhchah a awl deuh a ni mai
thei e. Hei hi India ramah pawh a dik a ni awm hle mai Bangalore-a
mahniinthat/inthah tum chungchang ka chhui /aiin, CityPolice Headquarters
record-a a lan dan chuan, kum 1986 chhunga Bangalore khawpuia mahni inthat
zingah, a tam zawk chu April atanga July thla inkara inthat an ni hlawm.
 4. Mahoi inthat chungchanga ngaih dan thenkhatte ; Mahni in that
chungchangah hian, hmasang atang tawhin ngaih dan hrang hrang a awm; chung
chu chipchiar takin kan chhui vek thei lo vang a. Mahse ta langsar zualte erawh
chu lo thlir thuak thuak ila. Hmanlai Grik mifing pawl thenkhat - Stoics,Cynics,
Cyrenaics, Epioureans-te chuan mahni inthah hi an pawm mai ni lovin, a hun leh
hmun aziri an sawimawi hial zawk a. Rom mifing Seneca leh PHny-te pawhin
mahni inthah hi an phal a; mi mal zalenna thil liau liauvah an ngai (Vernon C.
Grounds. 'Suicide' in Baker's "Qictionary of Christian Ethics,ed. Carl F.M.
Heqry, Baker House, 1~~1, p.652).Amaherawhchu, Grik mifing hmingthang ber
ber Plato, Aristotle leh Cicero-te chuan, mahni inthah hi mahni intihchhiatna mai
ni lovin ram Pawisawina (offence against state) niin an hria a, an pawm thei lo
ani. Mahse, natna tihdam theih loh vei te, antan nun chhan tlak awm tawh lo nia
inngaite erawhchu, anintihlum a nih pawhin an ngaithiam thungsi ani (fl.J. Ros~,
'Suicide' in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Etbics, VoL 12. ed. James Hasting~
reprinted1981, Vol. 12, P" 24).

Hindu-ho pathian lehkhabu pakhat Bhagavad Gita-ah chuan, mahni

intihhlum dan chi khat 'Sati'(pasal sunte'n an pasal ruang halralna meipuia zuan
luh an chin chu) chungchangah ngaih dan phira awm a. Ngaih dan pakhatah
chuan, chutiang tih chu sawisel a nih laiin, ngaih dan dangah erawh chuan,
mahni pasalte tan inpekna hlu takah dah a ni thung. Hindu-ho zingah, Sati
bakah, sakhaw thila mahni inhlanna - Jauhar leh Sallekhana-te an lonei tawh
thin a. Chutianga mahni inpea intihlumte chuan ngaihnepai chuan ngaihsan an
hlawh zawk thin. Chutiang deuh bawk chuan, Japan-ho zingah sakhua avanga
mahni intihhlum dan an nei bawk a; chutiang mi chu an ngaisang hle bawk thin.

Kristian sakhuaah hian. Kohhran ding tir (EarlyChurch Period) hun

lamah kha chuan, mahni intihhlum hi nun danphung pakhatah an ngai ve deuh niin
alang. Tihduhdahna hrehawm tak tuar ,ai chuan Mahni lo intihhlum khalh ta mai
an awm hlawm a ni. Chu vangin, kum 95-a Augustine-a'n mahni inthah hi, sual,
ngaihdam theih loh a ni tia a rawn sawi hma khachuan, Kristiante zingah mahni
nunnalak sawimawilohna a awm hran lo niin a lang a.Kohhran ang pawhin, thu
pawm tur mumal fekfawk eng mah siam chhuah a -ni lo.
.
5', Bible-amahni inthat kan hmubte: Kristiante'n mahni inthat chungchang
thu-ah angaih dan kan siamna ber chu Juda sakhua (Judaism) atangin a ni a.
Juda
sakhua ngaih dan chuan, nunna hi a tha a; a zahawm bawk a ni. Pathianin a
duh taka a siam, tha a tih a nih avangin nunna hi dah pawimawh a ni. Chu-
tianga nunna dah pawimawh tak an ni chung chuan an sakhaw lehkhabu
 TANAKH (Thuthlung Hlui)-ah chuan, mahni nunna late chanchin tlem
azawng kan hmu a. Chungte chu: D
(a) Abimeleka Roreltute 9 :54
(0) Samsona Roreltute 16 :28- 3 1
(c) Saula, Israel lal hmasa ber Samuela 31 :1-6
(d) Saula ra1thuam kengtu I Samuela 31:5
Chronicles 10:5
(e) Abithophela Ii Samuela 17:23
(f) Zimria 1 Lalte 16 :18
Hengho, Thuthlung Hluia mahni intihlumte intihhlumchhan hi kan ngaihtuah
chuan, dinhmunharsa tak karah an awm vang hlawm niin a lang. Indona hmunah
emaw, hmelma man emaw, chumi hnua mualpho taka awm emaw, na tak tuar
emaw, thih tho emaw an hmabak a ni. Chu vangin, anmahni pawhin nun zel
sawtin an hre lo va, an intihlum a ni. Thuthlung Hluiah hian, mahni inthatte
chungchang sawiselna tak hmuh tur a awm lo. An kuangte pawh an hnam dana
phum an hlawh lo chuang lo va. Amaherawhchu, tlaikhawhnu-ah Juda Rabbi-te'n
Thusawmpek parukna, "Tual i that tur a ni lo," tih chu mahni inthah khapna ang
kawng zawngin an hrilhfiah ta chauh zawk a ni (GEN. Rabbah 34:2Ib).

Thuthlung Tharah pawh mahni intihlum sawiselna hi Lal Isua

tawngkam atangin emaw, Tirhkohte tawngkam atangin emaw hmuh tur, a awm
hran lo; Thuthlung Tharah chuan mahni intihlum kan hmuh chhun chu Juda
Iskariota chiah a ni a. Thenkhat chuan, Juda Iskariota thih thu ziak dan (Mat. 27:5;
T.T. I: 18) hi mahni inthat chungchang sawiselna rawngkaizawngin an hrilhfiah
bawk thin. Juda-te chanchin ziaktu ropui tak Josephus-a chuan, mahni intihhlum hi
Pathian zahlohna lian, takah a ngai a (Josephus, Warso fthe Jews, IIL8:5).
Amaherawhchu, Masada kulh vengtu Juda mihausa 960 zetin an ram an hmangaih
avang leh, an sakhuaa an inpekna thuk tak avanga, ral raih pawisa miah lova an
inthat fai phiar mai chu a fak leh hle thung si a ni (Josephus, Wars of the Jews, VII
8 :6, 7).

6. Mahni inthah - Sual ngaihdam theih loh anga pawm a lo nih dan: Kan
Bible-ah chuan, mahni inthat, thiam loh chantir zawnga sawina a awm loh thu kan
sawi tawh a. Kristian hmasate zingah pawh chutiang zawnga zirtirna chu a awm
vak lo niin a lang. Amaherawhchu, Juda Rabbi-te'n tlaikhawhnuah, mahni inthatte
chuan, "Tual i that tur ani lo," tih thupek kha an bawhchhia a ni tiin an hrilhfiah ta
a. Chu chu Kristiante'n zawi zawiin kan lo tawmpui ve ta zel mai a ni ber. Ringtu
hmasate zingah phei chuan, tihduhdahna tuar huphurh avanga mahni nunna lo la
tawkte pawh an awm nawk thin a. Chu vangin, mahni inthah hi ringtu hmasa
zingah thil awm ve mek thin reng a ni. Chu vangin, Augustine (354-430 AD) hun
hma lam zawng kha chuan, Kohhranin mahni inthatte chungchangah zirtirna
mumal a nei ngai lo. Mahse, Augustine-a'n kum 395-ah khan, "Tu pawh, mihringa
lo piang chhuak reng reng chu, Siamtuin a siam avangin a lawm lo tur a ni lo va.
Mahni inthatte chuan, sual, ngaihdam theih loh an ti a ni," a ra wn ti ta a.
Ngaihdam theih loh a tihna chhan tak pawh, mahni inthatte tan
chuan an sual simlehna hun a awm hman tawh lo ni a a ngaih vang ani. Chu mai
chu duh tawk ta lo chuan, Juda Rabbi-te tih dan zuiin, "Mahni inthah chu,
Thusawmpek 6-na bawhchhiatna a ni a. Pathian khap thil a ni," a ti bawk. Heta
tang chiah hian, Kohhranho zingah mahni inthatte chungchanga ngaih dan chiang
deuh a lo awm tan ta a ni. Tichuan, Augustine-a thih hnu rei vak lovah, Aries
khuaa Kohhran Inkhawmpui (AD 452) chuan, mahni inthah hi Kristiante tan a
khap ta a. A hnu-a Toledo Inkhawmpuiah phei chuan, mahni inthatte chu Kristian
dana invui (inphum) an khap ta 'nghe nghe a. Chu mai pawh chu duh tawk lovin,
mahni inthah tumn, hlawhtling lote chu puithiam nih pawh khap tel a ni bawk.
Braga inkhawmpui (AD 563)-ah chuan, mahni inthat reng reng chu an thlarau tana
tawngtai pawh khap tel a ni leh ta zel a. Thlana phum dawn pawhin hla sak awih a
ni lo bawk (Jacques Pohier, 'Suicide' in Concilium. No.179, Edinburg : T&T
Clark, 1985, p. 71).

Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) chuan, mahni inthat chungchang

Augustine-a ngaih dan chu rawn thlawpin, mahni inthah dik lohzia tanfung a rawn
siam belh a. "Khawvel kalphung pangngaiah hian mahni nunna vawnghimtu tur
kan ni a. Chu mai pawh chuni lovin, mahni inthat chuan khawtlang pawi a sawi a
ni. Chu aia nasa zawk erawh chu, a siamtu Pathian pawisawi ani, nunna petu
Pathian a zah lo a ni. Tu mah hi mahni nunna chungah hian thu nei an awm lo. A
enkawltu zawng kan ni ngei e. Mahse, mahni nunna tichhetu chuan a siamtu
Pathian lakah thil sual a ti ani," tiin tan a rawn khawh belh a (E.A. Grollman,
Suicide: Prevention, Intervention, Postvention, Boston: Beacon Press,~ 1971, p.
24). Thomas Aquinas-a ngaih dan chuan, nunna hi chatuan atana inbuatsaihna vek
a ni a. Chu vangin, nun thianghlimna a uar a, Pathian hnena a pumpuhluma inpe
tur a nihna lam a uar ani. Kum 1270ah khan France ram lalber Louis IX chuan
mahni inthat chungchangah thupek a chhuah a, "Mahni inthat sum leh pai zawng
zawng chu Kohhranin a nei vek ang” tiin. Heng thilte avang hian, mahni inthah
chu khap ang bur a lo ni tan ta a. Mahni chhungte thlengin endawng an lo hlawh
tan ta a ni. Italian Law of 1670 angin, Italy ramah mahni inthah chu dan
bawhchhiatna anga ngaih ngheh a lo ni ta a, mahni inthatte lim chu siamin, misual
khai hlum angin an khai thin a ni.

Hetiang hian, mahni inthatte chungchanga ngaih dan chu a chhe

lamin a lo thang lian chho zel a. Tunlai hun thleng hian chu ngaih dan chu kan la
chhawm nung zel a ni ber mai. Khawvel ram tam takah mahni inthah tumte pawh
zawldawh taka anmahni enkawl ahnehin, thubuai siamsak theihna dante a lo
piang zel a. Chutiang chuan, mahni inthah tumte chuan man tawkin, lung Inah te
tangin, pawisa an cha wi a lo ngai ta hial a ni. Chutiang dan chu keihi pawh hian
Sapho min siamsak kha kan la hmang nung ta reng a. Section 309 IPC hmangin
mahni inthah tumte chu lung Inah kum khat tantir emaw, pawisa chawitir emaw
an ni.

7. Mahni inthatjinthah tumte chunga kan ngaih danthlak a huntawh em? :

Mahni inthah chu thil tha a nih loh avangin kan sawimawi thei bik lo vang.
Mahse, mahni inthah chungchanga kan ngaih dan leh an chunga kan tih dan hi
thlak ngai chin chu a awm ngeiin a rinawm. Mahni inthat chungchanga Koh-
hranho rilru put dan pawh hi, hmanlaia Augustine-a te rilru ang kha a la ni ta fan
mai a. Thil sual ti nia kan ngaih avangin. Kohhranho pawhin mitthi vui dan
pangngai ang chuan kan vui thei lo a ni. Khawvel zau zawk kan thlir chuan,
Kohhran thenkhat chuan mahni inthatte chungchanga Kohhran ngaih dan an sawh
sawn thui ta hle mai. Tun hma dan khan a phuar khawng bur tawh lo. Mahni
inthatte hi sakhaw thil atang ringawta thlir theih reng a ni tawh bawk lo. Chu
vangin, tunlai mithiam tam tak chuan, mahni inthatte leh mahni inthah tumte hi
natna chi khat vei angah an ngai tawh zawk a. America Judicial System ngaih dan
chuan, Inthatte hi mi rilru kim lo an ni. Hei hi kawng tam tak ngaihtuahin a dik
viau ani (Pat Robertson, Answers to 200 of Life's Most Probing Questions.
Thomas Nelson: Nashville, 1984, p. 240)

Tunlai thleng hian, mahni inthat chungchang hi theology lam

atanga thlir chuan, Pathian pawisawina anga ngaihna hi chu a la lian hle a. Indopui
II laia German Theologian hmingthang tak Bonhoeffera (1906-1945) chuan,
"Mahni inthah hi sual a ni a; Pathian phatsanna a ni. Pathian chauh hi nunna
chunga thutawpneitu a ni," tun a lo sawi a. "Mahni inthah hi, Pathian, min siamtu
leh tlantu laka thil tihsual lian tak, Pathian hmangaihna leh lalna hnawlna ani.
Pathianin a anpuia a siam leh a ropuina pawh chen ve thei tura a siamte hian, mah-
ni nunna la-a kan chanvo tur kan hnawI mai chuau, Pathian lakah thil sual buru tak
ti kan ni. Thusawm pek 6-na kalh a ni bawk. Chu mai chu ni lovin, an chhungte
leh khawtlang pawi an khawih tel ani," tiin Conservative theologian-te chuan tan
an khawh hIe(J ohn Macquarle, A Dictionary of Christian Ethics, SCM :
London, 1978. p. 335). Theology lam atanga thlir chuan, hei hi a dik thui hle tih
chu hai rual a ni lo. Mahse, theology kan kalpui dan pawh hi, hmanlai. Augustine-
a te hun laia an ngaih dan ngawr ngawr kha chhawm nun reng a dik bik tawh
lohna chin a awm a. Hun a in her danglam angin, theology kan kalpui dan pawh
kan sawhsawn tulna chin a awmin a rinawm.

Chutiang chuan, Anglican Kohhran chuan, mahni inthat

chungchanga Kohhran dan ding lal duhawm lo tak takte chu enfiaha nuai bo turin
Commission an din a. America rama Lutheran Kohhran phei chuan, mahni inthah
hi sual ngaihdam theih loh anga an ngaih thin chu an paih tawh bawk. Roman Ca-
tholic Kohhran chuan mahni inthat chungchanga Kohhran zirtirna 'Canon 1240 of
Code of Canon Law' chu siam thain, thuchhuah thar a siam a. Hemi chungchanga
Richard Cardinal Cushing-a'n a hriIhfiah dan chu a ngaihnawm hle mai: "Kohhran
chuan mahni inthat, Kristian dana inphum chu a khap ngei a; mahse, an inthah
laiin rilru fim pumpuhlum an pu ngei a ni tih a chiang tur a ni. Cbutianga chiang
takte tih loh chu Kohhran dan angin vui zel tur ani," tiin a sawi a. Mizoramah
pawh hian, Kohhranin mahni inthat chungchang a ngaih dan hi sawh sawn a hun
tan tawhin a lang. A dik a dik chuan, mahni inthat leh vanduai vanga thi (accident)
kan tih tam tak hi kan thliar fuh chiah ang em tih pawh hi ngaihtuah tham a awm.
Mi tam tak, accident-a thi nia kan sawite hi mahni inthahna kawng zawnga
hlawhtling ta an ni mai thei a ni. Mahse, chutiang mite chu Kohhran chuan
mawihnai takin kan vui tho sia. Robert Litman a chuan, America rama car
accident 5% chu tihluihna vang a ni tih a hmuchhuak a (GroHman, op. cit. 11).
Kan ramah pawh hian chutiang dinhmun chukan hIat lo mai thei a ni.
Chu bakah chuan, mi tam tak, mahni inthahna kawng zawh mah se,
mahni inthat anga kan ngaih em si lohte an awm thei bawk ang. Mi tam tak chuan
nun hi tuar rual niin an hre lo va. Chuvangin, thihna tur kawng zawngin duhdah
takin an khawsa thin a, a tawpah chuan an thihna an tawng nge nge thin. Chu
vangin, tu hi nge mahni inthat ni-a, eng chin hi nge mahni, inthat tih hi kan hre
fuh kim thei tak tak dawn l0 a ni. Mi tam tak chu mahni nunna pawttawizawngin
an khawsa mek reng a. Chung mite chu a chanve-a mahni inthat, tumna chanve
leh mahni intihlum emaw an ni thei awm e. Thenkhat phei chuan mahni nunna la
zawngin kan khawsa tih pawh ngaihtuah duh hauh lovin, chutiang kawng chu an
zawh mek reng a. An nun danchuan mahni nun tihchhiatna kawng a zawh ngar
ngar thin. Mi thenkhat, khama zuang thlaa intihlum te thinlunga thawktu leh mi
thenkhat, zu hmun sa hmuna khawsate, I taksa tan a pawi tih hre reng chunga
mei zu lui tlat te, mahni thihna ngei tur a ni tihhriat tawh hnu pawha zu la in lui
tlat, tlin ta lova thite hi eng nge a danglamna vak awm ang le? Chutiang chuan,
mi then khat chu a tahtawlin anmahni an inthat (instalment suicide) ani ber mai.

Mahni intihhlumte intihhlum chhan tlangpui kan sawi tawh a.

Chipchiarin sawi nawn a ngai lovah dah ila. Chhungkaw inngeih loh vang te,
natna hreawm tuar vang te, retheih vang te hna hmuh loh vang te leh thil dang
vang pawh a ni thei.. Heng ang thiIte hi khawtlang sualna (social sin) avanga lo
awm te pawh ani thei. Chumi avang tak chuan, tumah hi hetiang thil lo awm
chungchangah hian bang thei bikkan awm kher lo vang. Telvena chin kan nei
thui hle ang. Chu vangin, mahni inthatte inthah chhanah hian kan fihlim bik lo
thei a ni. Kohhran ang emaw khawtlang ang emaw pawhin mawh kan phurhna
thui tak a awm thei awm e.

Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of North East India

(APCNEI) chuan, mahni inthat vui leh vui loh chungchang hi rei tak a
ngaihtuah hnuin, nikum 1990 khan thutlukna a siam fel thei ta a. Mahni
intihlum sawi fiah nan chuan, "Mahni intihIum te chu dan bawhchhia an ni a.
Engtiang pawhin, mahni intihlumte hian, Pathianin nunna a siam chhan dan an
bawhchhia a ni a. Chu vangin, Kristiante chuan kan rinna kalha thiltih a ni a,
hetiang thihna vanduaithlak tak hi kan la zam mai mai thei lo ani," tiin. Mahni
inthat vui dan tur chungchangah chuan,"Mahni intihlumte chu, thih dan
pangngaia thite vui dan ang thlap thlapa tih tur a ni lo va. Amaherawhchu,
mitthi vui hi a thi-ate tan mai a nih loh avangin, mitthi pangngai kan vui dan
 anglo deuhva vui tur a ni. A vuina chungchang chu Minister emaw, Kohhran
Upa emaw te kutah dah mai tur a ni. Vuina hi athi-a chhungte thlamuanzawnga
hmantur a ni a. Pathian thu-a mihring suala a tluk thu te, simna thute, sual
puanna thu te leh pathian nena inrem a tulzia te sawisak tur ani (APCNEI
Resolution No. 10 of Apr. 19-22, 1990)

8. Section 309 IPC hi tihbo a hun: Indian Penal Code hi India rama Law
Commission hmasa ber, Lord Macaulay kaihhruainaa kum 1860-a siam khaa ni
a. Siam that ngai tam tak a awm tawhin, siam that a ni tawh bawk a. British-
hovin mi ram awp duhna rilrtu (imperialist spirit) pu-a an siam kha a ni. Section
tam tak hi tihbo emaw, tihdanglama siam that ngai emaw a awm tawh niin a
lang. Chutiang zing ah chuan, Section 309 IPC hi chu paih bo daih a hun tawh
hle mai. He dan hmang hian mahni inthah tumte hrem theih an ni a. Kum khat
lung Intantir emaw, chawitir emaw, tantir leh chawitir ,kawp emaw zawnga
hrem theih an ni.

He dan hi, Italian Law of 1670-in mahni inthah chu dan

bawhchhiatna a ni tia a lo pawm tawhna dung zuia siam a ni a. Chutiang dan chu
British ramah pawh kum 1961 thleng kha chuan a la awm ve a. Tunah erawh
chuan anni chuan an duh tawh lo va, an paih daih tawh a. Keini erawh chuan mi
duh tawh loh kha kan la chhawm nung ta zel a nihchu. Mahni inthah tumte dan
tumna lama tan la vak si lovin, a hremna lama tan khawh vak mai hi thil fei tak
chu a ni lo phawt mai.

Khawvel ram tam takah chuan hetianga mahni inthah tumte hrem
theihna dan hi tihban a ni tawh a. Mahse, India ram leh America rama State 9-
ahte erawh chuan mahni inthah tumte chu hrem theih an la ni reng a. (Grollman,
op. cit., p. 18). Amaherawhchu, America rama State 9ahte erawh chuan,
vanneihthlak angreng takin, dan la ding reng chung siin a hman lamah an
inthlahdul thung a dan nei ang mai an ni. Chutianga mahni inthah tumte chu
lung Ina khung ai chuan. anmahni enkawl thiammi, Psychiatrist hnenah an
thawn daih thin a. Chutiang chuan, mi pangngai dinhmun an luah theih nan an
chhawmchhuak thin a ni. India ramah erawh chuan he, dan hi hman a la ni reng
a, kum tin mi 4,50,000 zet chu section 309 IPC hmangin thubuai siamsak an ni.

Khawvela democracy sawrkar lian ber rama cheng nun,

Constitution-in zalenna hrang hrang min pe a. Mahse, kan ram dan kan en
erawh chuan, British-ho siam, tunlai atana dan tha ni tawh hauh lote pawh ihe
lovin kan la chhawm nung zel mai chu a ni a, a vanduaithlak hle mai. Kum zabi
21-a zuan luh kan sawinate pawh a rei leh ta hle a. Hmasawnna hrang hrang
atan rahbi pawh kan siam nasa ve hle tawh a. Mahse, chutih lai chuan, kan rorel
khawl lian ber Parliament-ah meuh pawh Section 309 IPC tihbona tura
ruahmanna a la awm lo a ni a. Chutiang ti tur chuan India rama Kristiante pawh
hian hma kan la thei dawn lo'm ni? Dan hi kan tana zalenna min petu a nih laiin,
 kan dan thenkhat erawh hi chuan zalenna min pek ahnehin, min dang chepin,
tanpui ngaite pawh min tanpuitir thei lo zawng a nih hi.

Mi, Justice Sachar-a tih danang deuh bawk hian,

mahni inthatteSept. 25, 1986 khan, Bombay High Court-a Justice,
chuan an tum angJustice Sachar-a tih danang deuh bawk hian,
ngeia an hlawhtlinSept. 25, 1986 khan, Bombay High Court-a Justice,
avanga hremna an
pumpelh laiin, a hlawhtling ve lote chu Police-in an veh an veh mai a ni.

December 3, 1985 khan, Delhi High Court Judge, Justice Ragendra

Sachar chuan, mahni inthah tum mi 119 lai chu an case a paihsak a, Chumi tuma
a thutlukna siamah chuan heti hian a ti a; "Mahni inthah tumte avanga thiam loh
inchantira, a enkawl thei tur psychiatrist-te hnena thawn tak aruangin, India
mipuite chuan lawm takin Section 309 IPC hmangin, misual bawrawt nena
inchawhpawlh turin lung Inah kan khung hmiah mai a nih hi maw!" a ti. A tidik
khawp mai. Kei ngei pawh hi India ram Jail chhunga kum thum ngawt lo tang ve
tawh ka ni a. India ram Jail dinhmun chu sual ahnua suallehzualna hmun zawng a
ni tehmeuh mai tih hi ka mit ngeiin ka hmu ve tawh a ni.
Chutiang hmunah chuan mahni inthah tum, rilru pangngai pu zan
tawh lote chutiang emaw zat dah an ni a. Chu vangin, lung In atanga an lo
chhuah hnu-ah pawh, that lam pan ai chuan an sual zawmah a nih pawhin a
mak lo vang. India ram lung Inte hi, khawthlang ram lung Inte angin
insiamthatna hmun (reformatory) vuah theih pawh a la ni lo va; chutiang
zawnga kalpui tumna pawh chu a la awm lo emawa ni hialin a lang si a. Justice
Sachar hian hetiang hian mahni inthah tumte dinhmun hriat chiansak viau mah
se, anmahni hrem theihna lai ber Seetion 309 IPC chu a hnawl bik si lo chu, a
la vanduaithlak ta tho mai.

Justice Sachar-a tih dan ang deuh bawk hian,Sept. 25, 1986 khan,
Bombay High Court-a Justice, PB Samailt leh DO Kolse Patil-te chuan, mah ni in
thah tum Police Constable pakhat chungchang an ngaihtuah laiin. Section 309 IPC
chu Constitution kalh (Ultra vires) ani, te an ti a. Police Constable leh mi dang,
Maharashtra State-a mahni inthah tum zawng zawng chu lung In atangin, an case
paihsakin an chhuah vek mai a.
Attorney General of India pawh hemi chungchangah hian hriattirna
pe-in an ko bawk a. Mahse. Section 309 IPe dan siam chungchangah, Central
Subject zinga mi a ni tIat mai a. Chutiang chuan, vawiin thleng hian, he dan
duhawm lo tak tihbona tura Indian Parliament-a thu pu lut an la awm lo niin a
lang. Hemi chungchangah hian. India rama Kohhran hruaitu hrang hrang - Bishop,
MetrapoIitan, Pastor leh Puithiam hrang hrang zingah, 'Chu e, kha e,' tia ngaihven
zui pawh an awmlo niin a lang a. India ram Judge thenkhatte'n he dan that lohzia
leh constitution ngei pawh kalh nia an puan chhuah tawh laiin, Kristiante hi kan
ngawi reng mai dawn em ni? He dan, Section 309 IPC hi, mahni inthah tumte
tanpuina leh chhawkna daltu lian tak a ni a. Chu vangin, Kohhran ang pawhin,
vantlang pawhin, rorelna khawla tel MP-te tur harhchhuah a hun tak zet tawh a ni.
Kohhran hian hma hruai a hun tawh hle lo maw?

9. Mahni inthat/inthah tum dan a tul: "Tul lova mahni nunna lak hi ven tur a ni
a, ven theih a ni bawk," tiin, American Association of Suicidology chuan thu an lo
chhuah a. Mahni inthah hi kan dang tur a ni dawn lo’m ni, tih zawhna chhanna
chu, 'Kan dang ngei tur ani,' tih hi a ni mai.
Mahni inthat/inthah tumte hi dan/ven theih an ni. Mahse, an vai
chuan kan veng seng lo vang tih chu a rinawm. Mahni inthatte reng reng hian, an
inthah hmain, eng emawti talin an inthah tum thu an tilang ngei thin. "Mahni
inthatte hian chawplehchilha tum thuta ti an ni mang lo," an ti. Hun rei fe atang
tawhin, anmahni-ah thiI fel lo aawm a; a tawpah chu chu tuar lovin, mahni inthah-
ah an tuan ta thin a ni ber awm e. Mahni inthah duhna an neih ruk chu lo thang
duang zeIin, a tawpah chuan an puitlin nge nge thin a ni . Dr. B.I. Prasantharn-a
sawi dan chuan, mahni inthatte zinga 75 %(thenkhat chuan 80 % an ti) hian, an
intihhlum hmain eng emawti kawng talin inthah an tum thu an tilang thin a.
Mahse, chu chu an chhungte'n an lo ngaihthah thin a ni (Dr. B.I. Prasantham, op.
cit., :P.S7).
Thenkhat chuan mahni inthah an tum thu hi hai rual lohvin an lantir mai
thei. Thenkhat erawh chuan chiangkuang lo takin, a thawitham lek pawh-in an
tilang a ni mai thei. Mi, mahni intihhlum tum, phawk avanga hlawhchham an nih
ngat pheichuan, chutiang mi chu ven that an ngai hle a ni. An thinlung sawh sawn
tur leh, rilru pangngai an put leh theihna tur zawnga enkawl an ngai ani. A chhan
chu- mahni intihhlum tum tawh, tlawlh leh site 12 % hi chuan, kum hnih chhungin
an tum nawn leh ngei ngei a, an hlawhtling nge nge thin a ni (Grollman, op., cit.,
p. 73). Mahni inthat zinga 4/5-te hi chuan, an nunna an lak hma eng hun laiah
emaw khan, chutianga lak tumna chu an lo nei tawh ngei ngei thin tih ani bawk
(Grollman. ibid). Chu vangin, mahni inthah tum, la hlawhtling ta hrih lote hi,
ngaihthah mai lovin, an nun chhui zuiin, anmahni tanpui dan tur ngaihtuah zui
ngei a tul.

Mi thenkhat chuan, an nunna lak mai an duh thu an chhak chhuak

thin a. Chutiang tawngkam, tih tak tak hmel pu lem lo pawh chu ngaihthah mai
chi a ni lo; mangang au aw a ni thei. Thenkhat erawh chuan, mahni nunna lak duh
thu chiah chhak chhuak lovin, nun an nin thu te pawh an sawi lek fang a ni thei.
Chung mite pawh chu, ngaihven zui chi an ni. Thenkhat erawh chuan, tawngkama
lantir lovin chet danin an lantir thei bawk. Thenkhat inkhawm peih takte pawh, .
Biak In hnuchhawnin an reh vang vang mai thei. Thenkhat, hriselna tha tawk lo,
natna dam mai chi ni lem lo veite chu ngaihven ngun deuh an ngai thei bawk ang.
Thenkhat chu, retheih luat avanga nun nuam ti lo an awm thei bawk. Chu vangin,
khawtlanga mirethei zual deuhte phei hi chu ngaihven rawn deuh pawh an tul ang.
Thenkhat chuan, an hmangaih takte an sun avangin nun an thlahlel tawh lo mai
thei bawk. Chungte pawh chu ngaihven zui chi an ni bawk ang. Thenkhat chu,
chhungkaw nun keh sawm leh hlim lo lutuk zinga khawsa an ni thei; chutiang
michuan ngaihsak an phu. Mahni intihhlum dan tur rel fel diam tawh,
hmuhchhuah an nih avanga lapuitlin lo maite ngat phei chu, ven ngun an ngaizual
hle a ni.

Mahni inthah tumte venna kawngah hian. mi mal ang pawhin tih
theih kan ngah ang a. Chutiang mite chu kan ngaihvena kan enthlak deuh pawh a
tha ang. Chu vangin, kan bulhnaia mite hriat chi an tum hi thil tul leh pawimawh
tak a ni ang. Miin mahni inthah an duh thu emaw, thih an chak thu emaw an
sawiin, kan ngaihthah mai tur a ni lo. Chutiang mite chu kawmngeihin, an
harsatnate chhawk kan tum tur a ni. Kan tihtheih bak a awm a nih pawhin, a tithei
awmte pawh kan pun mai tur a ni. Mahni inthah ven tumn pawI (Suicide
Prevention Association) din te pawh hi ngaihtuah a hun ve ta hle-in a lang.
Chutiang ti tur chuan, mi thenkhat chuan nasa takin tan an la thei ang a.
Chutiang pawl din tur chuan, mi sihhmuh thiam deuh leh phurpui
thiam deuh bikte pawh an awm ang. Mahni inthah tum awm deuh mi hriat ruk
kan neihin emaw, rinhlelh deuhte kan neih emaw chuan, chung mite chu
kawmngeihin, an Inah te pawh, sawmkher loh pawhin kan lenchilh a tha bawk
ang. An harsatna chinfelpui dan kan ngaihtuah theih ang chin chinah chuan,
theihtawp kan chhuah a tha ang. Kohhran rawngbawltu Pastor leh Kohhran
Upate phei chuan. mahni inthah tumte zawng chhuakin, an taksa, rilru leh
thlarau nun chhawkzangkhainna zawnpuiin, Pathian thutaka anmahni chawm
turin tan lak a ngai viau ang.
Kohhran ang pawhin tan lak theihna chin a tam ang. Kohhran chuan
mahni inthah tumte danna kawngah hma hruaiin, kawng kawhhmuhtu pawimawh
tak a ni thei ani. Kohhran mipuite hnenah, mahni inthah venna chungchanga
zirtirna tha tlangaupui tam tawk a hun ta hle. Thalaite zingah phei chuan, chutiang
thu fah tam chu a pawimawh zual hle. Chu vangin, campaign angzawng pawhin,
hetiang inzirtirna tur hi huaihawt nise, thil duhawm tak a ni. Mahni inthah venna
chungchanga thil pawimawh hriat tur chite pawh, lehkhaa chhuah thin a tha ang.
Kohhran atangin mipuite hnenah zirtirna a tam thei ang ber pek ni sela.
Mahni inthah tum venna chungchang sawihona radio programme te,
lehkhabu te (booklet) chhuah te. drama chan te pawh, mipuite, a thazawnga
kaihruai thei turin huaihawt thin ni se thil tangkai tak a ni ang a. Kohhran
Damdawi Inah Suicide Prevention Centre-te pawh siam theih ni se, thil duhawm
tak a ni bawk ang. Kohhran hian counselling uar deuh deuh sela. Krista hnen
thlenpui tum chu kan tin zawn ber ni mah se, chutiang kawngzawng ngar ngara
counselling kaihhruai hi, mahni inthah tumte tan, chawplehchilha thil tangkai ber a
ni nghal lem lo thei a ni. Kohhran chuan thalaite kaihhruai na tur zirtirna leh
thurawnte siam uar deuh bawksela, thil tangkai tak a ni ang.

Kohhran Hospital leh Department thenkhat hman awm deuh

hnuaiah, mahni inthah chungchanga counselling centre hawn ni se la. Kohhran
chuan mahni inthah tumte chhawkzangkhaina tur leh, mi pangngaia buatsaih leh
theih an nih nan Rehabilitation Centre pawh buatsaih thei se la. Chutiang atan
chuan mi bik buatsaih tul a nih pawhin, buatsaih ni mai sela. Chutianga tanlakna
kawngah chuan, pawn lam mithiamte pawh an tanpuina zawn ni se.

Kohhran chuan, Pastor leh Upate phei chuan, mahni inthatte

chhungkua chhawmdawlna (postven tion) hi a uar hle tur a ni. Mahni inthat
chhungte nih chu thil zahthlak tak a ni a. Chu vangin, an rilru nawmna tur
zawnpui chu Pastor leh Upate chuan an tih ngei tur ani. Kohhran mipuite pawhin,
chutiang kawngah chuan tan lak nasat a ngai hle ang. Mahni inthat chhungte chu
hmangaihna leh zawldawh taka chhawm chhuah an ngai a. Chutianga ti tur
chuan, Pastor leh Upate chuan mawh lian tak an phur ani.

Mahni inthatte hi dan vek sen an ni lo ngei mai. Mahse, chu chuan
dan tumna kawng dal lo sela. Kohhran hian, thuhrilah leh zirtirnaah, mahni
inthah tum, dan pawimawhzia uar deuh deuh a hun ta hle.

Sawi ho tur
Mahni inthah tumte vengtu pawl leh, anmahni enkawlna buatsaih
turin, Suicide Prevention Association din a hun tawh lo maw? Eng angin nge tan
kan lak theih ang?
BUNG VII
SEMINAR ON POLITICAL EDUCATION~1990

1. POLITICAL EDUCATION HI ENG NGE NI?

'Politics' hi Mizo zingah khawvel riauva ngaihna a awm avangin,

'Political Education' pawh Kohhran hmalakna awm lova hriatn,a a awm theih phah
a. Chu vangin, 'PoIitical Education' hian eng nge a tum a, engte nge a huam, hriat
tul hle a ni.

Pathian remruatna hnuaia sawrkar insiamah hian, mi tinin kan

mawhphurhna kan hriat a tul. Kawng dik kan zawh theih nan leh kan zalenna
hmang dik tura inzirtir hi a pawimawh em em ani. Inthenawm khawven dan thiam
tur leh inlaichinna tha nei zawnga inzirtir kan mamawh a, mi zawng zawng that
tlanna ngaihtuah tura thuneihna leh rorelna hmang tur leh, sum leh paia inlei mai
mai that lohzia inzirtir a ngai a. Pathian thu chuan, miin kan chung an tiha kan duh
anga mi chunga ti turin min zirtir. Heng kan sawi takte hi Political Education tum
pawimawh tak, pathian thu nena inrem tha bawk si a ni.

Political Education kan tih chuan Social Education te, Economic

Education leh Moral Education te a huam thei a, luhkhung vek sen pawh a ni lo.
Chuvangin, kan ram boruak mil leh mipui rilru sukthlek dan en chunga thil
pawimawh zual inzirtir a tangkai awm e. A hnuaia kan tar lan tlangpuite hi, min
kaihruaitu atan a pawimawh theiin a rinawm.

Kan ramah hian Politics awmzia kan man fuh tawk 1oh avangin,
Politics awmze dik tak inzirtir a tul. Kan chenna khawvel, chenna tlaka siam turin,
Pathianin mawhphurhna ropui tak min pe a; chu thil tihlawhtling tur chuan,
Politics hi hmanraw pawimawh tak a ni. Kristianna hian kan nun pum a huap a,
politics pawh hi Kristianna huang chhunga awm a ni tih kan hriat a tul.?Thuthlung
Hlui hun leh khawvel history atanga sakhaw hruaitute'n ram rorelna an lo chelh
tawh dante pawh zir ngun a pawimawh.

Kristianna thuchah pawimawh tak 'inremna' hi politics tum a ni ve

a; chu vangin, politics huang chhungah hian inbumna leh dawt thu a leng bik lo.
I .Mipui tam ber Kristian kan nih avangin Zoramah hian sawrkar dik, tha leh thil
ti thei siam turin_Kohhran mite hian mawh kan phur a. Kristiante hi sawrkar
finchhuah leh tanpuitu tur kan ni.
Politics ruihpui mi mal zalenna a nek chep a, tharumthawhna hial a
thlen thei. Heng thil tha lo laka inthiarfihlim hi a tawk mai lo va, siam that
tumin kan do let tur a ni . Politics hi mi mal hamthatna atan mai a ni lova, mi
zawng zawng that tlanna a ni zawk tih hi kan hriat chian a tul hle a ni. Sawrkar
siamtu chu mipui kan ni a, sawrkar tha siam tura mawhphurtu pawh mipui
bawk kan ni. Kristiante hi khua leh tui tha kan ni tur a ni. Kum tling lo, election
roll-ah ziah luh leh ziah luhtir hi sual a ni a. Hriat loh hlana an lo ziak lut a nih
pawhin, paihtir leh theih a ni bawk. Kum tling lo, party hmanrua hman hi
politician tan pumpelh tum a tha a, nu leh pate pawhin mahni fate ven that a tul.

Sawrkar hi mipui tan, mipuiin kan siam a ni a, neitu rilru kan pu tur
a ni. Kan thil hlu enkawl tur chuan mi kan duhtui em em theuh. Chutiang bawk
chuan, kan ram enkawltu tur atan pawh duhtui a tul a, ruih theih thil ti mi leh
mipat hmeichhiat kawnga tladah leh mirinawmlo hnawlin, mitha, dik leh rinawm
kan zawn taimak a tul em em a ni. Hruaitu atana kan thlante chu kan zah in kan
chawi mawi thiam tur a ni. lnsawisel hian mi a siam tha, lo va, intihchhiatna a ni
fo. Ngaih dan inan loh vanga inhmuhmawhna leh inhmelmakna hial thleng thei
hi pumpelh hram a tha. Mi mal zalenna zah leh hlut thiam kan zir a ngai a; mi
dang ngaih dan pawm lo mah ila, hriatthiam hram tum hi a pawimawh em em a
ni.

Rulling party hian mi zawng zawng tana tha ngaihtuah tur a ni a,

party intihbingna nasa lutuk; hi chhiatna bul a ni. Opposition party-mi biakrawn,
zah thiam leh thawhpui thiam hi ram leh hnam tan thil pawimawh tak a ni.
Opposition party pawhin sawrkar diklohna ngawt buaipuia sawisel tum mai
lovin an tih dik loh siam that tumin finchhuah tum tur a ni a. An diklohnaah
pawh, a tawk a fang, a; mawi tawka kawng tha kawhhmuh dan zawn thiam a tul.
Hruaitute hi mipui entawn ber leh hmuhn pawimawha awm an nih avangin,
nungchang leh tawngkamah mi entawn tlaka nun tum hram hram a tul. Heng kan
sawi takte hi sawi uar a tulin a pawimawh em em a, Political Education kan
buaipui mek lai hian, mahni leh mi dang siam tha thei tur zawngin rilru leh
theihna i hmang tam deuh deuh ang u.
2. POLITICAL EDUCATIDN-IN A TUM

Kan thupui hi Kristiante'n 'Politics lam thiI kan :inzirtirnaa kan tumn
tur inkawhhmuhna a ni ber mai a. Zirna pangngaia Politics zir ang a ni chiah dawn
lo va. Heta kan tum ber chu, Kristiante politics thlir dan (Political philosophy) a ni
ber dawn a ni. Thil chi li kan thlir bing ang a. Hengte hi kan politics ngaihtuahna
min kaihruaitu atana pawimawh bik, a bulpuite an ni.
1. Politics tobul dik hriat: Kristiante'n politics to bul dik tak kan
hriat hia tul hle mai a. Thil reng reng a tobul kan hriat dan azirin kan thawh
chhuah pui thin a. Politics hi mihring atanga chhuak anih chuan rnihringah bawk a
tawp ang a; Pathian atanga chhuak a nih chuan Pathianah a tawp ang a, Pathian a
inrawlh bawk ang.
Khawvel thlirna atang chuan, Politics hi Pathian atanga chhuak,
Pathian din a ni tih chu thil nuihzatthlak, hmanlai ngaih dan a ni a. Chu
vangin,mihring dinchhuah tih loh theih a ni lo. Mihring awm khawm,
nunkhawchhuahna tura tulin a nawrchhuah nia ngaih a ni ber a. Hei hi pawnlawi
deuhva ngaih chuan, a ang hle. Mahse, thuk-zawka chikchuan, mihring rilru leh
nunphungte chu Pathian atanga chhuak a ni tih kan hria. Chu vangin politics hi
Pathian atanga chhuak Pathian din kan ti dawn a ni.

Pathianin mihring a siamphungah hei hi a tel ani. Mihring chu

rannung angin min siam lo va Pathian ang - finna,hriatna, thiamna. Ngaihtuahna
neiin min siam a. Mihring chu thil siam dangte chunga thu neia, rorel turin min
dah bawk a. Chuvangin, mihring siamphung rengah politics mi, rorel tur a ni hrim
hrim a ni.
Pathian leilung enkawlna hian hei hi a keng tel tlat bawk ani. Leilung
enkawl, hi Pathianin Adama hnena ape ang bawk khan, Nova leh a fate chungah a
pe a. Israel-te khawsak dan ruahmanna-ah khan a tel nghal bawk a, Mosia danah
khan chi thum serhsang dan te, thatna dan te leh khawtlang rorelna dan te kha
Thuthlung Thara Pathian ram, Isua Krista-a rawn puan hlimthla a ni a. A takna
Isua'n" a rawn puan chu Mat. 5-7 chhungah kan hmuh kha. Heng hi mihring
thinlung chhung nun a niringawt lo, a taka tuna nunpui tur a ni. Chu chu Pathian
rorelna, mihringin a nun chhuahpui tur chu a ni.
Heta Pathian remruat leh thil tum hi mihringah lantir a ni a.
Pathian hre lo hnam kan tihte pawhin Pathian anna leh siamphung, sualin a
tihhmelhem chu, eng emawti takin lantir an tum hram hram zel. Roreltu
pangngai deuh chuan ram mite hlimna muanna leh thatna tur hlirin dan an siam
thin. Hei hi Pathian ram duh dan tho a ni. Mithiamte chuan, hei hi mi tin huap
Pathiankhawngaihna (common grace) .an vuah. Pathianin khawvel hi mihring
sualna avangin a hlamchhiah lo va, misual te hmangin a enkawl zel a; rorelna
fel a phut a, Pathian dodalte chu a hrem bawk a. A tum tawp khawk chu Kraws
thisen chuan remna lo siamin, engkim, vana awm te, leia awm te, Kristaa fawk
khawm chu,' ani. '
2. Politics leh Patbian roreldan : Po1itics tobul, chu Pathian a ni tih hi lo pawm
ta ila; a baka ngaihtuah tur lo awm chu, "Politics chungchangah Pathian rorelna a
inrawlh em?" tih hi a ni Deism an ti a, "Pathian chu a awm ngei a, leilung pawh a
ruahman angin a kal a; mahse, Pathianin a ngaihsak zui lo. Mihringin kan duh
anga ngaihtuah turin a hnutchhiaha ni," an ti a. "Sana siamtu chuan a siam zo vek
a, sana nun zelna chu a siamtu kutah awm lovin, a neitu kutah a awm ta ang hi
ani," an ti. He ngaih dan hi mi tam takin tunah pawh hriain emaw, hre lovin emaw
an pawm tlat mai.
Hemi thu-ah hian Politics khawvel thlir dan chi hnih kan Bible-ah
a lang a. Chung chu lo zirve ila.
Thlir dan pakhat chu Nebukadnezzara thlir dan ani. Daniel-a bu-a
kan hmuh angin, Nebukanezzara chu Babulon ropui vanglai taka lal a ni a khawvel
ropuina chu a pumhmawm a ni ringawt a. Chutia ropui taka a awm chu a chapo
phah a ni ang, a lal In ropui chungah vei veiin a thlir kual a. "He Babulon ropui hi
keima chakna ngeia lal chenna tur leh ka ropui mawina tura ka siam chu a ni lo
vem ni?" a ti a (Dan. 4:30). Hei chiah hi Pathian tel lo Politics thlir dan chu a ni.
Nebukadnezzara thlir dan hi" a hmanlai lo va, a- tunlai em em a ni.
Nebukadnezzara thlir dan dik lohzia chu a lang nghal mai a. Chutia
chapo taka a sawi lai chuan van atangin, aw-in, "Aw! Lal Nebukadnetzar, hnenah
thu a lo thleng e, lalna ram chuan a hransan ta che a ni... Chungnungbera chuan,
mihringte lalna ram chungah thu a nei a, a duhsak apiang hnenah a pe thin a ni tih
hriat hma loh chuan,"a rawn ti ta a. Hei hi Pathian chhanletna chu a ni ta a.Pathian
atanga thlirna atang chuan, Babulon lalna leh ropuina chu Nebukadnezzara kutah a
awm awzawng lo va, Pathian kutah a awm a ni tih a chiang.
Thlir dan dang leh chu Davida thlir dan a ni. Davida chuan,
Nebukadnezzara ang bawkin, a lalna leh ropuina chu a mitin a hmu a. Ti hian a
.tawng chhuak ta thung -"Aw, Lalpa, ropuina te, thiltihtheihna te, chawimawina le,
hnehna te,lalna te hi i ta a ni a, mi zawng zawnga ber i ni. Hausakna leh
chawimawinate i hnena mi a ni a, engkim chungah thu i nei a; tin, thiltihtheihna i
kutah a awm a, i kutahhian mi zawng za wng tihropuina leh chakna pek theihna
awm …” tiin (I Chro. 29: 11,12).

Heng thute hian, mihring fate lalna ram hi tu thuin nge a kal ?
Pathian. a inrawlh em ? Mihringin ama thu thuin a titluanchhuak em? tihte chu
michhansak nghal a ni. Mi thenkhatin "Davida chu Pathian hre mi a ni a, Israel
hnam chu a hnam thlan a ni a, Pathian a inrawlh reng ang” an ti. A dik a; mahse,
Israel hnam chungah chauh lo . pawh Pathian a inrawlh a ni tih chu, Babulon
lalna ram chunga thil thlengah khan kan hmu a ni. . Aigupta lal Pharoa hnenah
pawh heti hian Mosia'n a sawi "Hemi avang ngawt hian ka tungding chia, ka thil-
tihtheihna entir tur che leh khawvel zawng , zawnga ka hming a than nan;
tiin(Exod. 9:16). Khawvelah Pathian hi na taka a chet chhuah chang kan hmu
teuh bawk. Tuilet thu-ah te, Babel In Sang sak thuah te, Sodom thu-ah te, Kanan
hnam hrang hrang, thu-ah te leh Israel hnam chunga chhiatna lo thleng
tinrengahte pawh khan.
Thuthlung Tharah, Lal lsua zirtirna kan hmuh tam ber chu Thupuan
bu-ah hian a ni tlat mai. He lehkhabu-ah hian Isua lalzia leh thuneihzia tar lan a ni
a. Isua chu lei leh vana thuneihna zawng zawng neitu a nihzia, Sakawlh chungah
te, Diabola chungah te leh thil thleng tinreng chungah te a lang a.Krista lal ram a
lo ni ta,” ti-a puangchhuak tur kan ni.
"
Kristiante chuan, mihring fate lalna ram chunga Pathian thuneihna
leh lalna hi kan hmu chiang hle tur a ni. Politics hi amahin a ding lo va, mihring-
in a. tungdingbawk lo va; Pathian rorelna rinchhanin a ding ani. Pathian chu
ralkhat atangina inrawlh lo va, a hmunah, ram tin, lal tin chungah hnam pum leh
mi malchungah pawh a inrawlh a, ro a rel a ni. Miin politics a khelhin, Pathian, -
rorelna hnuaia khel a ni tih a inhre tur ani. Politics hi mihring dan siam hnuaia
khelh tur a nih rual rualin, Pathian dan siam hnuaiah mihring politics khelh dan
tur a dung tur a ni. Inkhelh reng reng chu khelh dan tur zamsa hnuaiah a ni an tih
thin ni. Chuti a nih 1oh chuan, mumal a awm lo vang, Politics khelh kan
tihpawh hi, a tobul pathian ani angin a khelh dan tur ruahmantu-Pathian rorelna
hnuaiah kan khel tur ani.

3. Politics-a Kristiante mawhphurhna : Politics-a Kristiante mawhphurhna

pawimawh ber chu Pathian laka mawhphurhna a ni tih hriat ani. Kan sawi rik
ang khan, politics tobulchu Pathian a ni a, politics nunah Pathian a inthawh nasa
em em a. Kohhran chu pathian din, a ta, a enkawl, ro a re.sak, Krista chu lu bel a
nihzia kan hria a, Kohhran thilah reng reng, Pathian laka mawhphurhna a ni tih
kan hre nghal a ni; Politics ah erawh chuan, Pathian ta a nihna kan chian loh
avangin, Pathian laka mawhphurhna a ni tih kan chiang tawk lo. Tunah chuan,
Politics hi mihring thu ni lovin, Pathian thil, a ram rorelnaa ,tel a ni tih kan hriat
avangin,thlarau takin a kalpui theih tih kan ring tur a ni.

Politics hi Pathian thil a nih bakah, Pathian rawngbawlnahna a ni

a; chu vangin mawhphurhna a lian a ni. Israel lalte chu Pathian chhiahhlawh an ni
a. Chutiang bawkin, lal Nebukadnezzara pawh chu, 'Rawngbaw1tu,' tia vuah a ni
hial a (Jer.27 :6). Lal Kura pawh, 'Ka hriak thih, kan berampu,' tia koh a ni bawk a
(Isa. 44:28,,45: l). Rom roreltute chu Paula'n, 'Pathian rawngbawltu,' a ti bawk
(Rom 13:4). Pathian hre chiah lo lalte pawh hetia vuah an nih chuan, Pathian
hretutute pheichu an ni lelzual ang. . He dinhmun hi Abraham Lincoln-a chuan a
hmu chiang hle a. ti hian a ti. "He ram hi Pathian ta a ni a, . kei hi a chhiahhlawh
tlawm tak ka ni. (This nation, under God, and I, 'his humble instrument). "

Pathian rawngbawltu nihna chu, rawngbawl dan tha leh dik

kengkawh tura mawhphurhnain a zui nghal. Pathianin Israel fate hnenah chuan,
"Ka thu thlunga in awm renga, ka dan in zawm, phawt chuan, he ram a thil tha te
hi in ei ang….” a ti a. Thuawihna leh Pathian dan hnuaia intukluhna hi,
rawngbawlna zawng zawng malsawmna hnar a ni. Messia ram zawlneite'n an thlir
lawka; an nghah hlelh em em na cbu, "dikna leh felnaa ro a rel tur chu ani."
Retheite chu fel takin ro a relsak ang a, leia mithuhnuairawlhte tan chuan thlei bik
nei lovin a zilhhausak ba wk ang tin, felna hi a taihren a ni ang a, rinawmna hi a
kawnghren a ni ang" (I Sa. 11 :4,5). Hei hi Krista rorel dan tur a ni a, amah nena
politics lama rawngbawltute huan,Krista chakna hmanga an rel ve dan tur a ni
nghal a. Tichuan, politics lama Kristiante mawhphurhna chu Messia
mawhphurhna (Messianic responsibility) a ni.

Pathian laka kan mawhphurhna a nih dan kan sawi hnuaiah

hian, Kristian mi tinte hian mawhphurhna hrang hrang kan nei leh ta..

(1) Politics-a hun Puma lutte mawhphurhna a awm a Anni hi chuan sakhaw
lama rawngbawltu inpete ang bawkin, an hna chu Pathian kohna anga
pawm, Pathian koh chhan tihhlawhtling tura an inpek a tul a ni.

(2) Mipui mamawh chu, roreltute tana tawngtai leh an hruaina hnuaia kal a ni
a. Tin, mipui thlan rorelna hnuaiah chuan, Pathian tih mi roreltu thlan
chhuah chu mipui mawhphurhna a ni bawk. Roreltu hian, Pathian ruat
chhan leh mipui thlan chhan kal pensanin, dik lo takin ro rel ta sela; mipui
bawkin dan ang zela sawisel leh tihdik leh paihthlak chu an mawhphurhna a
ni bawk. Roreltu dik lo leh rorel dan dik lo paihthlak thu-ah hian, tharum
leh thisen chhuah lo zawnga tih hi Kristiante kal dan tur a ni.
4. Kohhran leh Sawrkar inlaichinna: Kohhran leh sawrkar inlaichin
dan-ah hian, thlir dan hrang hrang a awm a: .

(1) Sawrkar chu K ohhran thuhnuaia awm tur anga ngaihna. Hei hi tunlai
hunah,chuan a awm tawh lo tih tur ani. Europe-ah, Pope Gregory-te hun
laia an ngaih dan leh, tun hnaiah chuan, Iran-a Khameini-hote ngaih dan a
ni.
(2) Kohhran chu sawrkar hnuaiah awm tur ani. Hei hi Communist sawrkar
ngaihdan ani. Kohhran chu hnam nun ngaihtuahtu (Cultural Ministry)
hnuaiah dahin, sawrkar enkawlna hnuaiah Pastor leh an rawngbawl dan tur
siamsak a ni. He ngaih dan pawh hi tun lai taka Commmunist sawrkar
inlumlet thar hian a thlak sawt hle .
"''-., ".
 (3) Kohhran leh sawrkar chu a hrang hlauhva awm ve ve tur, He ngaih dan
hi tunlai Secular State (Sakhuana tello sawrkarna) sawivawngtute ngaih dan
a ni. Mizoramah leh India ramah pawh hetiang angai hi an tam mai.

(4)Kohhran leh sawrkar chu tang dun, hnathawh hrang si anga ngai an
awm baw. He ngaih dan hi Protestant mithiam tam ber ngaih dan a ni a.
Presbyterian Kohhran phei chuan ram tinah an pawm dan a ni.

Kohhran leh sawrkar tang dun, hnathawh hrang si tih ngaih dan hi,
Bible thu zirtirna leh Kristian khawtlang nunhona kalphung nen a inmil hle a. A
hma lama kan hmuh tawh ang khan, Lei leh Vana thuneihna bulpui neitu chu
Pathian a ni a. Engkim hi Pathian nena inrema hman tur a nih bawk avangin,
Pathian atang chuan, Kohhran leh sawrkar chu unau ang an ni. Kohhran hnapui
chu Pathian leh mihring inremtirna leh, mi thinlunga hmangaihna leh felna chi tuh
hi a ni a. Sawrkar chuan, Kohhran chituh chu a tak tak a khawvel khawsakna lo
seng hi a tum a ni Kohhran chuan, mihring thar siam a tum a; sawrkar chuan, chu
mihring thar lo chhawr chu a tum thung a. Kohhran leh sawrkarin thu hmuna an
tum chu Pathian nena engkim, vana awm te, leia awm te Krista a fawk khawm hna
chu a ni. An pahnih hian, Pathian hnen atanga thuneihna dawng ve ve,
mawhphurhna thuhmun, thawh chbuah dan leh hmanrua hrang si an ni. Hetah
hian, thil intawm tawn chin leh indaidan chin a awm a ngai a. Chu chu sawrkar
awm dan leh hun leh hmun nunin a zir ang zela siam chawp chi a ni.

Tunah politics lam kan inzirtir kawnga Kristiante thil tum kawng li
kan tar lang ta a. Heng. Kawng li hnuaiah hian thil tam tak a bet thei a. Tun din
hruma pawimawh bera lang chu, politics khawveI kan thlir dan tih Kristian hi a ni.
Kristiante chuan, khawvelah hian Pathian ta ni lo, Setana emaw, mihring emaw ta
hi eng mah a awm lo tih kan hriat a tul hle mai. Kan rama kan buaina buipui ber
chu politics kheltute'n he ram hi mihring lalna ram, a. thu thua chawhleh vel tur ni-
a an hmuh thin avang vek a ni. Pathian thuneihna ram, a rorelna huam chhunga
thil a ni tih kan hriat chhuah hun hunah, kan nun pumpui hi a Kristian ang a; a
thlarau mai dawn a. Chawlhni leh Biak In chhung chauhva thlaraumi nih tumna hi
a reh ang a. Politics khawvel hi Pathian khawvel angin, thlarau takin kan khel thei
tawh ang. Chutah chuan, dikna te, remna te, thatna te, tuarchhelna te nen ro kan rel
thei ang.
 3. M1Z0RAM POLITICS CHANCHIN TLANGPUI

1. Politics

Politics hi thil ngaih sual theih tak a ni. Thilthianghlim lo, Kristiante
tel vena chi loh tawpa ngai pawl pawh an awm. Hei hi ngaih dan zim tak a ni. Ram
leh hnam thatna tur ngaihtuahna a ni a, mi mal, chhungkua, Kohhran leh
khawtlang nun a, khawih avangin, politics atangin tu mah kan ralbang tak tak thei
lo. Kristian ramah politics a bawlhhlawh anih chuan, Kristian nain politics'a fan
hneh lo tihna ani letling. Politics han tih hian, a kawh ber chu, a tawizawngin ,han
sawi ila ram (State) thuneihna (power) siam dan leh hman dan chungchang thu ani
ber. Ram rorel dan kawnghmang hrang hrang a awm a, keinin kan han hriat lar ber
leh kan hman lai hi Liberal Democracy a ni mai a. Democracy hi, a hlawhtlinna
tak tak chu mipuite felna leh taimak naah a innghat thui hle a ni. Politics thupui
ber chu, thiltihtheihna thuneihna inchuhna (struggle for power) tih a ni thin a.
Democracy-ah chuan, power inchuh dan ber chu, inthlannaa mipui vote hmuh tam
tuma inbeihna hi a ni. Rambung khata dan siam pawl (Legislature)-a seat chang
tam ber pawl (party) kha sawrkarna siamtu an nih mai avangin, a seat la tam tura
beih chu political party-te thil tum lian ber a ni thin.
Mithiamte'n politics lo intan dan ni-a an rin chu hetiang hi ani:
Mihring, chhungkhat atanga kan lo inthlah pun zelin, chhungkhatna zau zawk leh
dal deuh zawk 'clan' (chi) hrang hrang an lo awm a, clan eng emaw zat awm
khawm chu'tribe' an ni a. A tirah chuan, leilunga thil awmte hi neitu bik tumah
awm lovin anchhawr tlang mai a. Chutiang hun chu"Primitive Communism' an ti
a. Mihring an lo pun zelin mi mal thil neih bik a lo awm ta a. Mihring inkar
thubuaite a lo awm ta fo mai a, khawvel thil thlengin mihring nunphung a
khawih bawk a. Chu vang chuan, mihring nun hotlan theih nan rorel alo ngai ta
a, chu chuan Politics hi a ti chhuak ta mai a ni. Hun a lo dang lam angin, politics
kalpui dan pawh a lo danglam chho ve zel ani. ,

2. Lal lai hun

Mizovin lal kan neih dan kha mipuite mamawhna leh ngenna avang
niin a lang. Tunlaia kan tih ang, party-a insiama, policy leh programme neia:
politics kalpui (organised politics) a la awm lo. Vanphunga khua (Hmawngkawn)-
a "Lal sawi" an tih pawh kha, tunlai 'Organised Politics' 'ang hi a nih loh avangin;
hnuhma nei zui thei chi a ni lo (2) A chi (clan) te tea awm hrang thliah an nih
avang khan, mahni chipui lote chu an inhmelma en deuh mai thin khaw hrang leh
khaw hrang te pawh Hruaitu nei loa awm kha hmelma, ral lakah a him lova an
hriat avangin chhungkaw rual deuh leh hnathawk thei deuh zinga mi kha an lal ni
turin an sawm a, tlawmngaih thil tak takin an lal ta mai a ni thei. An fate an lal zui
zel ang tih pawh a awm chiah lo a ni ang.
 Kum 50 A.D, lai vel. Khan Khawkawk-ah leh Tlangpuia an a wm
laiin, Hnamte ho lal a thi a. An 1al atan, chhungrual deuh Zahmuaka leh a fatean
sawm a,. Rei lo te chhung an lal hnu-ah an khuaah kirsan leh an tum a Hnamteho
chuan anmahni ui-beh nan, In tinin, buhpek (buh chhun)an tiam a chu chu
'Fathang' lo chhuahna chu ani. Chutiangin lal hnena chhiah pek leh thirdeng sa
tihte hi a loawm chho zel niin a lang (3) Mizo dante khan a phuarna lai awm ve
bawk mah se, lal chu an lo lal telh telh ta mai a ni. Organised Politics a la awm
theih loh avangin, lal laka khua leh tui lungawi lote'n an tih theih ber chu 'pem' a
ni mai. Hun a lo kal zelin, lal laka lungawi si lo pem mai a lo harsa tawh si avanga
awm ta mai mai an lo pung zel a. Political party a awm hma pawhin, lal duh lohna
a lian hle hman tawh a ni (4). Mizo lalte'n,..khua tetea min lo awp thin dan kha
Society hluiah chuan thatna tam tak a awm. Mahse, mipui an lo harh chho zel a,
khawvel hun inherin a rawn hril ang zela hun thar lo chhuakah chuan, ,khatiang
ringawta ro inrelna khan duh tawk loh a lo hlawh ta a ni.

Kan la1te khan ram leilung humhalh nachang an lo hre viau mai.
British East India Company sum hmuhna hnar tha tak, phaikina thingpui huan
an rawn siamte kha an ngaimawh hle. Chu vangin, an lo zu run thin a. Chu
chuan Vailian a rawn tawng chhuak ta a nih kha. Mizote min hmangaiha min
rawn tihchangkan an duh avang ni hran lovin, an sumhailuhna kan tihbuai thin
avangin minrawn luhchilhin min rawn awp ta mai a ni.

Kan lalte kha Vailian lo dang turin an chaktawk lo va, tanrual an

thiam tawk lo bawk a. Sapho chuan tukdawl kan nih khan, kan hmasawnna lam
ngaihtuah em em lovin, kan lalte'n tualchhung ro an relnaa inrawlh lutuk lovin min
awp ta a. Kha kha British tana sum hek si lova khawi ngam kan nih theih nana
hmanraw remchang tak a lo ni reng mai a. Kan Lalte, tun hmaa anmahni khuaah
na na na chuan an aia lal awm lo thin kha, an thuneihnate an rawn tihhniamsakin,
Bawrhsap chuan lal a banin, lal tharte a lo siam thei ta a, lal sualte a hrem thei
bawk a. Chutia an chunga lal zawk an lo awm taka an lalna a lo tlakhniam khan,
an khuate lakah an lal a lo na sawta; lal leh mipuite inkar a zau a, Bawrhsap hnena
inhekte a titam a ni.

A lehlamah - Chanchin Tha leh zirna, Sapho vekina min pek chuan mi rilru a
tiharh zel bawk si a. Chung chuan, politics lamah pawh mi tih dan anga
democracy rorelna neih ve thuai thuai duhnate a rawn siam zel a. Mahse, sapho
khan, tunlai politics ang hi kan chelek ve thiam tak tak kha an ring thei meuh lo.
Pawl eng eng emaw han ding thin mah se, Bawrhsap khan politics an khawih a
phal ngai lo. Macdonald-a'n Bial aiawh thlantheihna a siam 'District Conference'
tih tak mai pawh kha, tunlaia politics kan tih ang chi kalpui nan tak tak chuan a ti
lo niin a lang (6). Khatiang dinhmunah khan sapho khan min kalsan ta thut mai
si a. Politics lamah kan la inpeih lovin, kan la naupang nasa mai si a, tun ang hun
atanga zuk ngaihtuaha tih awm tak tak tih loh pawh a lo awm thei ta reng a ni.
 Mahse, Mizote hi politics lamah man kan thang chak viau mai a.
Saphoin min rin ai daihin kan tum pawh a lo sang chho ta mai a. Saphoin min
tinsan dawn lai pawh khan, mi thenkhat chuan Independence te pawh an lo
ngaihtuah hman tawh ani. Mizo union ngei pawh khan India ram chhunga awm
reng tur anga han intihluh kha chu thil tihsualte a lo awm thei mai ang e tiin,
kum sawm hnua ennawn leh theih ni se, Mizote hian an duh chuan India atanga
chhuah leh thlenga duh an thlan leh theihna nei se, tihte pawh an memoran dum-
ah an ziak tel a ni. Mah se, tunhnua zuk zir leh hian, ei zawnna leh sum leh pai
lama kan dinhmun ala hniam em avang khan, mahni kea din te chu an la zuam
hlawl lo niin a hriat theih. Hetia politics-a kan tum a lo sang ta vak mai hi, a
chhan leh vang tam tak a awm thei ang. A bul nia lang erawh chu, Mizo hnam
anga chhuah kan duhna lian tak, hi a ni ber ang.

2. Party Politics-ah kan lut

Mizo Lalte kha an sual leh sual loh chu thu hran ni se Lal kan neih dan (system)
hrim hrim kha, khawvel hun inher zelah, hnam anga than chhoh duh na awm
tawh bawk si karah, a tha tawk tawh lo tihna a lo lian tial tial a. YLA (YMA)-ah
lah khan, politics sawi a remchang bawk si lo va. Tichuan, kan mi hmasate
khan, hlau leh khur chungin, Apri19, 1946 ah political party an lo din ta rawih
mai a ni. Chu chu, Mizo Union tih tak zel kha a ni a. Party din belh nachang
pawh kan hriaiin, politics pawh kan tuipui thei hle mai. Han chhiar theih maiah
pawh, Mizoramah political party, 30 dawn lai chu a chhuak tawh ngei a ni tih
kan hre thei a ni. Tunah phei chuan, kan lo ti rei ve ta deuh bawk a, party thil
kalpui dan pawh kan thiam ve sawt ta viau. Mahse, thil tha lo a bo tak tak thei lo.
Mizo Politics-a hnuhma nei deuh deuh political party-te chanchin
tlangpui lo chhui ila :
1) Mizo Union: April 9, 1946a din, Mizo Political party hmasa ber a ni. Ziaka a
policy ni chiah lo mah se, lal duh lohna boruak rawn pianpuia ni a. Mizo Lalte
lalna titawpa democracy rorelna laluttu a ni. Chutia, Mizo politics an kutah a
awm a ni tih mai tur a nih lai chuan, India ramin Independence a lo hmu a,
Mizoram (Lushai Hills) pawh chu Independent India-ah a lo betchho ve ta zel a.
India ram ah, Assam hnuaia Autonomous District-ah min luhpui in, State nghah
nan U.T.-ah min luh chhohpui zel a.
,
Autonomous District-a kan awm lai pawhin Assam rama kan
tlangmipuite'n Hill State an sawi mawi te pawh chu an han rim deuh naa, an tuipui
hleithei meuh lo ve. Mizo hnam anga a bika identity neih duhna lam hawi Mizo
State kha an lo din ta zawk a. Tualto party mah ni se, Assam Pradesh Congress
nena inngaihzawnna thuk tak nei thin an ni a. A tawpah phei chuan, an sawi mawi
ber thin, khuangpui leh lama an lo hmuah, State ram thlen hmain, India National
Congress-ah, January 1974 khan an inchhung lut ti ta ni (7). Mizo Politica
History-ah chuan, party inhlawmruh . tha rei thei ber an ni a. A member te pawh
an inpawhin, an inngaina bik. Politics thlarau chang thuk zualho phei chu intilaina
takin an awm thin. Mizo tawng tilartu leh Mizote pumkhat kan nihna tura bei
hmasatu an ni. Lal lalna titawptu an nih avangin, Mizo lalte leh an thlahte chuan
an ngaina thei lo deuh niin alang.

2) United Mizo Freedom Organisation (UMFO) : July 5,1947-a din, India

zawm aiin, Mizote tan Burma zawm a tha zawk ang tih ngaih dan sawi mawi pawl
an ni. Independent India-a kan tel chian tawh hnu ah, Assam-a tlangmite huapa
Hill State nawrnaah an phusa hle. 1957 vellai phei kha chuan, Mizo Union,
District Council-a chak tak thin kha a han vaw chhe pha mai dawn em maw tih
khawp khan an lo chak chho ve a. Mizo Union peng (faction) nen, Eastern India
Tribal Union (EITU)-ah an han inzawm tak naa, MNF politics a lo lan chinah
chuan, EITU pawh chu a lo rawih ve leh ta ani. Pawi - Lakher Regional Council
neih chungchangah an tangkai hle a. District Council-ah pawh P-L Region lam mi
chu UMFO lamah an tang thin. Mautam Tam (1960), Mizote'n kan tuar dan,
Assam hotute hrilh hriat chung changah tan an 1a nasa hle a. District Council-a
rorel1ai, Mizo Union nen pawh an inhmuh thiam loh ~ phah lek 1ek a ni. UMFo
policy hmasa avang khan, Burma sawrkar Pawhin Mizote a ngaihsak phah sawt
niin a hriat theih a ni.

3) Mizo National Front (MNF): Assam MLA Election an chuh ve chhung te leh,
tuna Overground Politics-a sawrkarna an han chelh chhung kar a rei lo hle mai a.
India Consitution chunga ro an relna chung changah, an hnuhma sawi tur a la tam
hman lo va, chanchin sawi thiam a har deuh. Political party ah chuan a thi1 tum a
1a sang ber a (tunah lo in hnuk hniam ta mah se), a hmanraw lak pawh a hruang
hrauvin, a nghawng pawh a thui. Mizo rilru a hip thiam hle a, international politics
khawih khawpa thil kalpui tawh a nih avangin, khawvelah Mizote hriat kan nih
phah ve hial a. A tirin tharum thawh lo Politics kalpui tur angin insawi mah se, an
thil tum thin kha thu maia tih tum an ni lo tih a chiang thuai a. Mizote
Independence an sawi tam ber thin khan mipui rilru a hipin a hneh hle a,
underground-a an awm lai pawh khan, a hlauhawmin a harsa hle nachung khan, an
thil turn - Mizo Independence kha chu mipui tam takin an hlut reng ani.
Overground Politics-ah pawh an malsawmna dawng leh dawng lo chu an inang lo
hle thin a nih kha. Mahse, an thiI tum chu hlutsak reng chung siin, thil awlai a lo
ni lo tih a tak ngeia kan hriat hnu khan, India sawrkar nena Remna siam mai kan
lo duh tlang ta a ni.
4) People's conference: Party nihphungah chuan, tun hmaa Mizo nihphung
chiah, Tualto Party ni si, India sawrkar rin kai tak bawk si a ni a. An hruaitute,
rambuai vanga India sipai laka mipui tawrhna chhawktu anga hriat lar an lo nih
atangin, party ang pawhin an lakah mipuiin beiseina an ngiat thin a. Party
naupang te ni siin rei lo te chhungin party chak tak a lo ni chho a. Tualchhung
Politics-ah na na na chuan a huhang pawh a na hman hle. Development lam a
uar a. Hnam dante chim ral nih mai a hlauhawm zia zirtirna lamah a bei nasa
hle. Mizo hnah thlak inzawmkhawm tih lamah pawh tan a la. Mahse, an PoHcy
pawimawh tak pakhat 'Remna leh Muanna' chungchangah mipui rinhlelh an kai
a, sipai hlauhna lam a lo reh tawh bawk si a; MNF an lo chhuaha, sawrkarna an
siam hnu chuan, Party te chan an chang ta hrih a. Democratic Party (DP)-ah
inletin, Central Party lian tak, V. P. Singh-a hruai Janata Dal-ah an lut leh ta a
ni.
5) Congress: All India Party zinga Mizoram mipui nei thei awm chhun a ni thin
a. Mizorama din a nihna chu August 10, 1961 a ni. A tirah chuan Mizo zinga
Congress han sawi mawi chuan hralh a tla lo hle a (8). Mizot zinga a lo len chhoh
theih takna, chhan ber chu - Policy mawi tak Remna leh Muanna vuana ,MNF
note tih mai theih awm taka a lo awm avang khan a ni. Thenkhatte phei chuan
'Overground MNF' an lo tih thin a ni a. Central-a sawrkarna cheltu ni bawk si,
MNF te pawh tha thei bawk si Party a nih avang khan miin an lo bawh ve ta deuh
zel a.Khatia an Party a lo dintak bawk si-ah chuan, Central-a Congress hruaitute
pawhin tihchak an chak hle a; mahse, hruaitu ,nih inchuhna neuh neuh khan
atibuai reng a. Mizoramah sawrkarna chelh zawk changte pawh nei thin mah se,
Mizo Union kha a tichhe tak tak hleithei lo va. Mizo Union, Party upa tawh tak,
India ram State pakhat nih ve sawi mawi thin nen khan an in-merger ta rup mai
ani. Mizo Union mi thinin an han pawlh takah chuan, MNF leh India sawrkar
inkara remna palai atan, mipuite'n rin harsa an ti leh ta a; P.C. an rin leh loh hnu-
ah, Remna siam chungchangah mipui rin an hlawh ta a ni.

Heng Party lian deuh deuh, Sawrkarna lo chelh tawhtute hi, an chak
1aia an chak chhan nia an hriat mi chi hrang hrangte ngaih dan lak khawm atanga
a lan danin, hetiang ang hi a ni tlangpui - a hun laia thil lawmawm dan azir, an
policy, an hruaitute, central sawrkar nena inlaichinna tha zawk beisei avang te,
Kohhran duh dan, party-in anngaih pawimawh dan athu te, sum leh pai lama
chhenfakawm a nih beisei a vang te, party hrang hrang chungchangah heng chak
chhan, leh vangte'n mi rilrua hmun an chan san dan chu a inang lo nual.

Mizo Political Party system zirtute chuan, Mizoramah hiah All India
party hian hmun a khuar ve tawh avang hian, Regional party system rigawtin thil a
kal thei tawh lo va, All India party tihchak nge, Regionalism tihchak tih hi kan ak
chhoh zel dan tur ni awm takin an ngai. Regional party (Tualto party) pakhatah
'regionalist'-ho hi inhlawmkhawm thei se chu, All India party tan chuan din
chhuah a harsa deuh ang. Pakhat chauh awm se, All India party pakhat awm bawk
se, mipuite'n duh za wk zawk laltir thin ila, eng nge a an ang tih pawh a ngaihtuah
theih. Mizoram politics-a thil chhinchhiah theih chu, inthlanna atngin party pakhat
aia tam sawrkar intawm ngai a lo awm ngai lo hi a ni.
4 . Mizo Politics-a thu lian tham deuh deuhte

Mizote hian Politics-ah thu buaipui lian tak tak kan nei thin a.
Chungte chu lo thlir thuak thuak ila :

1) Mizoram dinhmun (Mizoram political status) : Lalin khaw hrang hrang,

"Independent"-a min awp fir fer lai khan, ram leh hnam pum huap Politics sawi
thu a cheng lo. State Society-ah kan luh chhoh hmain Sap-in min han awp a, an
tana awpbeh remchan dan tur ang angin min then darh a. Govt. of India Act,
1919 hnuaiah, Lushai Hills chu ram hnufual (Backward tracts) zinga chhiar
telin, a hnua Govt. of India Act 1935 hnuaiah, "Excluded area," an tihte zinga
telh zelin, Assam Governor aiawhin Bawrhsapin min awp a. Governor chu
Shillong-ah a awm a. Mizoram chungchangah chuan, Bawrhsap thu thu a ni
mai, Governor lah chuan mi a rawn tlawh khat si a. Assam Provincial
Legislature-in kan .chungchangah thu an nei lo va, kan aiawh pawh kan
dah/thlang thei bawk hek lo. Sap-ho an tin dawn thleng khan, chutiang
dinhmunah chuan kan awm a. Bordoloi Committee khan, India a lo zalen huna
India-a awm zel tur angin min cheibawi a; Mizo Union nen khan Assam
hnuaiah Autonomous District (Mahni hnam dana mahnia ro inrel ve theihna)
dinhmunah min dahfel ta a. Khatih lai khan, Crown Colony (British awp ram)
la ni zel ila tih te, Burma zawm ila tih te, India awn lam hawi lo reng reng
ngaih dan kha chuan, ngaih thupui a hlawh lo ani. Bordoloi Committee hmaah
pawh, Mizote ngaih dan/duh dan chi hrang hrang chu sawi a ni hlawm a.Mahse,
Mizo Union, party lian ber anga lo dingchho tawh kha, Mizo mipui aiawhtu ber
an ni a; an thu alai ta ber a ni. Anni pawh khan, Mizote dinhmun kum 10 hnua
ennawn leh theih ni se, tih te chu an sawi ve a; mahse, awmzia a .nei zui lem lo.

District mai kan nih laiin, MNF-in Mizoram Independence a lo

puang ta mai si a; kum 20 meuh Ram buai kan lo ni ta a. Ram buai chinfel nan
State aia sang a awm thei tak tak dawn lo tih hre rengin India sawrkar chuan,
U.T.lamah min han 1a kual leh tete a. District Council Budget-a nuai bi tlem te
tea lo kalpui bek bek thin hotute khan, Central atanga pawisa lo haw, a
maktaduai leh vaibe1chhe tel nen, rorelna sang zawkah min han chhunzawm
chhohpui ta a. Inzir pahin kan han che chhova, Central sum hi kan hman thiam
chuan, kan ram leh hnam tan thatna tham a tling e tih kan zir thiam hman dawn
chauh va; a aia thuneihna sang zawk nei State chu MNF leh India sawrkar
inremna atangin kan lo nei ta a ni. State hi kum 1963 June thla atanga Mizo
Union-in a lo nawr tan tawh kha a ni a (9). MNF-in Independence an puana,
kan buai tak khan, nawr zui thei dinhmunah an ding ta lo a ni.

Tuna State kan neih hi. "U.T. tha mi" tih ang deuh khan, "State tha
mi" kan ti thei awm e. Mahse, Nagaland erawh chu kan tluk lo deuh a ni. 1986
inthlan hma lawka research beitute hmuh dan atang chuan, Mizote hi kan
lungawina ber tak tak tur nia lang chu, Independent Greater Mizoram hi a la ni
reng tho mai (10). Hetah hian thil pakhat kan ngaihtuah ngai erawh chu, political
dinhmun (Status) sang hi a tha lo tih rual a ni lo va; mahse, kan din hmun a san
rual hian, kan mawhphurhna a sang ve a ni tih hi a ni. Economic lama sang mang
si lo va, politics lama san viau ringawt pawh hi a pawina a awm thei bawk. Politics
leh Economics a inzawl that loh (imbalanced) lutuk chuan, Society-in a thatpui
aiin a chhiatpuina a tam zawk thei. A pawimawh ber chu, "Kan thlen chin chinah
hian engtin nge Mizo Society hi a thazawnga kan kal theih ang?" tih hi a ni .

2) Mizo hnahthlak inpumkhatna (Mizo Unification): He thu hi, Mizo Union

atang tawhin, party tinte thih tum leh policy-ah a tel zel. Sap-hovin Administrative
purpose (Inawpna atana remchang) avang chauhvin Mizo hnahthlak, ram inzawm
chin fel tak, luah ngheh nei site kha mi an then sawm a; India rama State leh
District hrang hrang leh hnam dang (foreign)-ahte, kan ram luah chu ram inzawm
(compact area) ni siin, kan lo inthen darh ta nuaih a ni. Mizo inzawmkhawm tih
thu hi, a thu-ah chuan party-te leh mipuite pawh kan inlungrualtlanna ber pawl a
ni awm e.

Tunah hian kan unaute ni ve tho, "Burma mi," tia duhlohna deuh a lo
awm ta mai pawh a. Hei pawh hi, mi tlem te, mi tha lo an awm vang niin a lang.
Burma lam atanga thil tha lo la lut duh 1eh, lak luhpui tur Mizorama mite a vangin
kan inunauna a chhe mek. MN pawh khan an ngai pawimawh hle thin a, a tahtawl
deuhva tih tur niin an ngai thin. Mahse, anni pawhin an tihlawhtling thei ta bik
hrih lo. A tir atanga tih a lo nih tawh loh avang khan, a harsa tial tial dawn pawh
niin a lang. Kan ngaihtuah hma daih khan, sap-ho pawhin an 10 ngaihtuah tawh a.
January 25, l392-a Calcutta-a Chin-Lushai Conference Recornendation-te (11).
Prof. R. Cou plan-:1'n, "Crown Colony of Eastern Agency," India leh Burma
inkara tlangmite, Independent-a an awm theihna tur a lo ruahmante chu a lo
puitling lo zo tawh a (12).

Tunah hian, thil a lo inremfel (settle) tawh si a, a harsa em em tawh a

ni. India ram chhung ah hi chuan, State ramrite chu tihdanglam theih mai a ni a
(Mahse, chu pawh chu politics thila sang taka kalloh chuan a harsa), beiseiawm
deuh pawhin lo ngai ta ila. Mahse, Burma ram te, Bangladesh te khawih buai tur
chi phei chu, eng emaw International politics-a thil th1eng lian tak tak a awm loh
phei chuan, a harsa viau tawh ang. Amaherawhchu, he thu hi Mizo politics-ah-
hian a reh mal dawn lo niin a lang. Congress leh P.C. pawh khan chawh nun an
tum viau naa, eng a ang thei rih tak tak lo a ni. A pawimawh chu – Mizorama
mite maiin kan duh hi a tawk lo va, a pawna kan Mizopuite hianan duh tak tak a
ngai a ni. '

(3) Hnam dangte chim ral nih hlauhna (Assimilation) Hnam tlemte, an ramah
thaw1 taka an awm laia, an bul velah hnam tam zawk leh upa tawh bawk si, tawt
taka, an awm bawk si chuan, a tlem zawk tan thil hlauhawm a ni reng thei . Kan
state thenawmte atang pawhin, a ramneitute ngei pawh dawih zawk leh te zawk
chan a chan theih tih kan hre thei awm e. Thenkhatahte phei chuan.
thisenchhuahna hial a thleng tawh a ni. Heng boruakin min hual vel mek lai hian,
keini engtin nge ni ve ang, tih hi, Mizo hnam hmangai intitu tan chuan ngaihthah
chi a ni lo. Hnamdangmite hi a mi malin emaw a hnam ang pawhin huat hrim hrim
tur tihna lam a ni lo va; mahse, a hnam anga kan din chhuah zelna tur atan an
hnawksak em tih chauh ani.

Inchim ral dan kawng hrang hrang a awm a, sakhuana atang te,
enonomic lam atang te, inneih pawlh atang leh pem luha, ram inneih zawhsak
atang tein a awm thei. Hnam anga kan din chhuah loh chuan, mi mal tlem tlem
ding chhuak awm mah se, mipuiin kan hlim phah tak tak lo. Heng thute hi ngun
taka mipuiin kan ngaihtuah fo a tu1. Politics hruaitute kut leh party-te tiha dah
ngawt chi pawh a ni mang lo. Kan ram leh hnam hi hmangaiha, ding chhuak se ti
kan nih chuan, naupang te, nula tlangval te, puitling te, zirlai te nu leh pa te, sawr-
kar hnathawk te leh sumdawngte'n tih tur kan nei theuh. Research atanga hmuh
danin, Mizo tam ber, ngaih danah chuan, Mizoramah hnam dang an tam lutuk
tawh tih a ni. Kalkawngte a lo tha tawh a, tun hma-a kah ram tlawhpawh a
harsatna-in min venhimna thui tak a neih thin kha a lo bo tial tial a; rilru leh
politics lam atanga invenhim kan thiam si loh chuan kan kawng tha leh kan sum
dawnna lian tual tuat leh thlawhna lian chi tum theihnate hi kan ralna bul a ni thei.
A hmuh theih lama thanna (physical development) hi rilru lama thannain a buk
tawk loh chuan, tute emaw an dingchang ang a, Mizote erawh chu kan rethei tulh
tulh ang.

4) Ram changkanna lam thu (Economic Development) : Politics lama

huhang nei thei tak tak tur chuan, Economic lamah kan san a ngai. Development
pawh hi party tinte'n thupui taka an neih chu ani. Mahse, tu kutah pawh, a thu hi
a takin a umpha lo deuh thin a ni. Ram development thil hi, a thupetu leh
thutawpsiamtu chu politics mite ni mah se, zei nei thil (technical) a nih avangin,
thawkaphita, "Chutiang khatiang chu a ni ang," tih ngawt theih a ni lo. Party
inchirhtheh leh inbeih nan mai a hman tur pawh a ni lo. Ram hmasawnna tak tak
tur chu, ngun taka mithiam bikte nena engkima kaihhnawih thilte nena chhut
kilhkelha, thil duan lawk neia ,rei taka tih chi a ni. Party dang tih a nih avanga
chhunzawm duh loh chinte hi, ram hmangaih tak taktu tih dan tur a ni lo. Party
mi induhsak nan hman mai mai tur pawh a ni lo.

Hetah hian, Mizote hian a lian a tein zir tur kan la nei. Mipuite
pawh hi kan harh lo lutuk fo. Mipui hamthatna tur ei ral leh, hmangsualtute hi
kan hmelma an ni tih kan hre tawk lo. An zarzo tur ang ziazangin, kan
hlauhtlawn mah mah thin em maw tih mai tur a ni. Milian leh eng Officer,
MLA, Minister pawh ni se, mipui leh ram tihhmasawnna tur, mahni tana hai
duak duaktu kan hriat phawt ' chuan, an tih zel loh dan tur i ngaihtuah ang u.
Chutiang mi chu hmusit ila, dinhmun sang phei chupek miah tur a ni lo va. Kan
Central pawisa lo luang lut hi thatpui nana hmang lova, chhiatpui nana kan hman
zel chuan, 'development' ni lovin, 'de-development'-zawngin kan kal ang. Pawisa
atam ang a, inthah a tam ang a, mihring thatna a lal lo ang a, hna hmuh nan
thiam a sawt lo vang; thatchhiat a zual ang a, Society a hrehawm ang. ,Economy
thil hi politics taka chinfel theih pawh a ni lo; tum fel tak (objectives) neia
ruahmanna mu mal taka tih chi a ni. Tunah politics lamah thil tum bik tehchiam
kan neih loh takah hian, economic development kal chhoh zel dan hian nakina
kan politics awm leh zel dan tur pawh thui tak a rel dawn tih i hria ang u. Kan
Kristianna hian kan khawsak danah hnuhma tha a nei lo a nih phei chuan,
inenfiah a ngai. Rethei leh hausa inkar zau lutuk turte hi kan dan thiam loh chuan
politics thikthuchhia leh rawngra takah pawh kan luh phah theia ni tih i hre reng
ang u.
5) Remna leh Muanna : He thu hi thangkhat lian zet Mizoram politics-a 'a thu.
nawn' tih mai tur khawpa lar a ni a. A sawitu leh duh inti theuh theuh si, inrem lo
theuh si karah, a inrern lo 1ian bera te an lo inrem tak avangin, Remna chu kan lo
nei ta a. Mahse, hei hian 'Muanna' tIuantling min thlen chho zel dawn em tih
erawh chu kan chhanchhoh zel tur a lo ni ta a ni. Mihring rilru tih hrehawm leh
society nawmlohna thlen thintu hi silai chauh a ni lova. Silai tun ringawta muan
pawh a ni chuang lo. Mite dinhmun leh chanvo-ah hian, rilru muang siaia kan
awm theih dawn leh dawn loh chu a innghat. "Kan buai leh tho tho ang," kan ti
thei lo ang chiah hian, "Kan buai leh ngai tawh lo reng reng ang," kan ti thei
chuang lo. Buai hi a hautak em em a, buai leh tul tawh lo tura tan kan lak tlan a
pawimawh hle.

5. Mizote'n Politics kan kalpui dana a duhawm lo lai chhinchhiah theihte

Democracy hi Switzerland ramte anga hmang thiam ram nih a la

harsa deuh a nih pawhin, keini Zofate anga hnam inpawh tha, tlem si, lehkhathiam
si, inunauna tha tak la nei si tante hi chuan, State dang entawn tur khawpa han
hman thiam theih mai te hi a beiseiawm thin. Chutiang lam hawi thei tur chuan.
thil kan sim ngai a awm thei ang. Chungte chu sawi vek seng lo mah ila, a then
then tar lan i han tum teh ang.
1) Sawrkarna changtu nih a hlawk lutuk hian, mimawl ber thlirna atang pawhin
thuneihnaah hian sum a awm tih a tilang. Chu chuan sawrkarna inchuhna a tina-in
a ti hrisel lo thin. Minister 1eh MLA kuangbang chang mi, 'Principle' nei lo kan
tam phah.
2) Party ruihchilh leh politics-a ngaih dan inan loh avanga intihchhiat duhna
(victimisation) hi a la bo tak tak lo.

3) A senso tamzawnga politics khelh leh campaign kan ching ta lutuk. Party
supporter - te'n candidate te laka kan thil phut dan pawh hi a hrisel tawk lo fo.
4) Minister leh M.LA.te laka mipuite'n thilkan beiseidanah pawh hian, thil hrisel
tawk lo a awm. 'Kan Minister leh MLA-te corrupt lo thei lovin kan siam,' ti ila a
sual tampuiawm lo ve. Mi duh tawh loh, 'spoils system,' kan din thar leh a ang riau
mai
5) Inthlan boruak kan siam dan leh, naupang kum tling lo kan chettir leh hman dan
hi a tha lo.
6) "Vote hmuhna tur a nih chuan eng pawh," ti ang ziazanga, dawt sawi paw kan
pawisalo lutuk ta hi, kan chhiatna tur pakhat a ni.
7) Mirethei leh hausa inkar zau zel danna kan nei tha tawk lo. Mirethei chawikan
nana hman tur - mihausate chhiah pek tamtir dan kan la siam tha tawk lo.
Sawrkar tana sum kan lak luh dan pawh hi ennawn a tha ang.
8) Sawrkarah chhiah kan pek loh lutuk avangin Sawrkar hi kan ta neih loh va;
Sawrkar leh Vantlang thil hlut nachang kan hre mawh hle. Khawi emaw atangin
sum hman sen loh lo kal leh mai tur angin thil kan hisap a, kan thawh rim leh kan
thawh khawm atangin, Sawrkar hian hna a thawk tih rilru kan la nei thei lo.
9) A tak lama eng ni lawi lo hian a thu lamah kan sang a, inpekna tak tak nena
politics kalpui aiin, kawng awlsam leh hlawklam kan zawh leh thin. Inhlawk
chhawk turin inlal chhawk mai mai ila kan ti a ang viau.

10) Mizo Society-a kan neih thin pawh ni lo, tu tu tih dan emaw hmanraw chi
hrang hrang kan hawh a hmang thiam lehtak tak si lovin, Band leh Strike te,
pawh tih nachang kan hre lutuk ta deuh.
11) Lungrual tham lek, kan phirsi lutuk reng reng. Mitha leh felte thawh ho dial
dial zairel lovin party hrang hrangah, hotu nih duhin an awm darh a, an felna
leh an felna an indotir a chu chu mipuiin kan tuar. Hotu ber nih theuh tum hi
simin, thawh ho that zai rei a hun tawh hle.

12) Politics-ah thil awm sa siam that aiin, thil tihthar kan ching lutuk. Political
Tradition (Thil chinnghet) tha neih a hun tawh. Ruling lama kan awm lai leh
Opposition lama kan awm lai a inang lo thin luituk. Thil siam thazawng leh, a
tha lo do tura in-organise kan peih lo.

13) Ram leh hnam thil tak takah kan tangrual tha tawk thei lo.
14) "Kan party candidate a nih phawt chuan, tu pawh ka vote ang," tih rilru hi kan
lapaih tak tak thei lo.
15) Politics-a dinhmun inchuh lutukna avanga mi nihna, a chhezawnga hotute
hnena inhek a awm thin hi, Kristian, unau theuh kan nihna nen hian a inmil thei
dawn em ni? Mahni policy pawh hre lo leka a mihring inbeih kan ching.
16) Mahni dan siam ngei pawh kan zawm thei lo lutuk.
17) Kum tling lo, Electoral Roll-a thun kan ching.
6. Mizo Politics-a a duhawm lam
1) Politics' thi1ah inngaihdamtlwmna kan nei sang. Kan Kristianna avang ni
ngeiin a lang.
2) Social Organisation (Vantlang rawngbawlna pawl) thilah party hrang hrang mi
leh neutral te, politics rilru pu lova Mizo kan nihna anga,inunauna tha tak kan la
kalpui theite hi thil tha tak a ni " . .. .
3) Inthlan dawna mipui kal khawma candidate te thi1 sawi chhawktir mai kan
ching thin hi tha khawpmai.
4) Chhiatni thatni-a party hrang hrang mite kan la inhre tawn liam liam thei hi a
hlu ngawt mai. Hnam dangmi pakhatin Mizote nun dan a sawinaah, "Minister leh
Driver-te'n dawhkan pakhatah chawhlui an kil ho thei," a ti a. Chu chuan, kan
nunphunga thilmawi dang tamtak awm mi a ngaihtuahtir thei.
5) Inthlan ni-a YMA-in mi zawng zawng tan a hmun khata thingpui lumna a
buatsaih mai hi chin than atan tha tak a ni.
6) Eng party-ah pawh awm ila, Mizona rilru kan la kan la pu sang hle theuh niin a
lang.
7) Eng Party kal danah, Pathian kan zah dan leh zah loh dan chu thu hran ni se,
party meeting leh thil pawimawh tih dawn apiangah, Pathian hming kan lama
inserhna kan nei thin hi thil tha tak a ni.

7. Politics-in Mizo society a khawih dan

Kristianna leh zirna leh politics-te hi, a khawi hian nge Mizo
Society khawih nasa ber ti ila, chhiar thiam a har viau awm e. Politics-in Mizo
Society a khawih danglam dan hi, a thazawng leh a chhezawnga a khawih dan
sawi tur a awm.thei ang.
A. A chhezawnga a khawih dan
1) Chhungkaw inthununna a tibuai.
2) Inbumna leh inhekna a titam a, inrintawnna a tichhia.
3) Mihring nun zahna a tihniam.
4) Mi tih dan tha lo lakluhna kawng a hawng.
5) Society leh aia upa zahlohna a tipungin a ti lian.
6). Mizo Society-ah party feeling a tichhuak.
7) Mi thatna tehna - nungchang leh mizia (ethical standard) leh Kristianna lam
(religious standard) ni lo, tehna dang (political standard) a siam chhuak. ' '"
8) Sakhuana a tidal, nun inthlahdahna a tipung.
9) Hausakthuttheihna ,a tipung a chumi tuar lova chhiatpui an tam. Hruaitu nih
tumna a tipung a, ram hmangaih der, mizaktheilo a titam a, mi mal insawichhiatna
leh intihchhiatduhna, a tihluar.
10) Mi, rilru lama hmin chiahsi lova inhlauh zui mai mai a titam.
B. A thazawnga a khawih dan

1) A huhova ram leh hnam tana - thiltih nachang mi a hrittir.

2) Society zim tak leh phirsi tak (clan based Society) atangin, society zau leh sang
zawk (state society) ah min, hlang chho va. "Nation-state" hial min tihpui zuau
zuau. Tlangmi kawlh tak, 'Wild hill tribe,' tia an lo hriat thin, mawl bawk ,si thin
kha, mipui rorelna mumal taka kalpui theih kan lo ni ve tih politics hian a tilang.
3) Politics-a zalenna zau zawk kan neih tak avang in, Society-ah mal mal
zahawmna (dignity) a lo sang ta. Society hmasaa dinchhuahna tur nei lo mi tam
takin dinchhuahtheihna kawng an lo hmu ta. '

4) Mizo hnam chu hnamdangte hriat khawp leh kan mawlpui thinte zah kai
khawpin min siam. Mipui mimir a tifing a, ngaihtuahna a fizau va, rilru a tisang
a, khawvel kalphung zirna Sikul ' tha tak min pe.

5) ,Zirna sang zawk leh zau zawk tan kawng a hawng zel a; khawvel kan thlir
danah Mizo Society a tichangkang.

6) Mizo Society, hnamdangte awpbehna leh chim ralna lakah a veng.

7) Politics avangin, Mizo Society-ah inpawlna (social communication)tha zawk
leh zauzawk alo awm.
"" , ,
8) M izo Society, hnam anga ‘identity’ neihna kawng mi a siamsak.

8. HUTLANGKAWMNA

Kum. 1914-ah Sap Pastor pakhatin- Mizo Society chanchin heti hian
a lo ziaka, "Hmanlai ata tawh hla phuah thiam te, thu sawi thian te, mifing te leh
zawlnei te chuan society tha tawp (ideal state), mi tinin danin a phut avang ni lova,
hmangaihna avanga thil dik leh tha an tih thinna chu an lo suangtuah tawh thin a.
Tunah hian kan hriat theih chinah chuan, chu society tha nei teuh ber chu Lushai
ho hi an ni," tiin (13). Hei hi mi mal thlir dan a ni a, a dik tluanchhuak kher lo
pawh a ni mai thei. Tuna kan society hi thlir leh se, engtin tak ziak ang maw?
Kawng engkimah hma kan sawn a; mahse, hmanlaia society nuam tak kha chu
kan pha tawh lo. Khawtlang invawnna (social discipline) tha nei si lova, politics-a
inawpna (politics discipline) ringawt hi chuan, society tha leh nuam a siam mai lo.

Ram leh hnam hmakhua tak tak chu, mi tlemte chhawr ni mai lovin,
society in a thaipui tur thil hi a ni. Chi leh chi kan intihna nek nek a bo , mai hi a
tawk lo va, cIass-a inthliarna (hausa leh rethei inthlauhna) awm lo tur zawnga kan
kal a tul. Mizote hi nun hluia society tha tak tak lo nei thei kan nih chuan, politics
hun tharah kan neih theih lohna tur a awm lo.

Kan society hian politics in nuam tak sak theihna tur lungphum tha
taka nei a. Chungte chu: Mizo mize tha - tlawmngaihna te, Kristianna te hnam
tobul kha (common ethinicity) te, -tawng hman tlan theih (Mizo tawng) te, hnam
changkang zawkte tih dan zulzuia thang mek, culture te hi an ni. Heng lungphum
tak nei si-a, politics In chhe tak kan din chho a nih chuan, a mawh chu kan phur
theuh ang. Hruaitute bik tih tur chizawng a awm ngei ang; mahse. mipuite hian
hruaitute kut tihchak leh khalh ngil hi kan mawh a ni tlat. Politics hman ruaa tang
mai lova, politics hi hmanraw tangkaia hmanga, diklohna te, inrahbehna te,
ineichhiatna te leh inthlauhlutukna te kan do peih zel chuan, Mizo society hi kan
siam thain, kan tinuam thei ang.
Politics-ah thil ti chiam thin mah ila, khawvel roreltute leh rorelna
chunga thuneitu Engkimtithei Pathian a awm tih hre rengin, Mizo Kristian
Society ang tak hian, kan politics kalpui ngam ila. Chuti ni lova, kan society
nena inmil lo, hnam dang tih dan tha lo tak takte kan la lut zel a nih chuan,
Mizoram hi a hmingin Mizoram la ni reng mah se, Mizote hlimna Society a ni lo
thei tih hi hre reng ila. He ram lo hi khawvelah ram dang kan nei lo, Mizote hi
Mizo Society-ah lo chuan kan hlim kan lawm a kim thei lo. Kan ram leh kan
society hi kan hluta, kan tihnawm thiam chuan kan nihlawh ang a,kan thiam loh
chuan kan chawh a ni mai. ThiI tha lo dodal turin, mithate hi pawngpaw dam
duai ringawt lovin, insangmar peih sela. Chuti lo chuan misual an pawng ang a,
society nuam zawka siam chho zel lovin, a chhe zel ang a, politics thikthuchhia
leh rawngra takah kan lut thei mai ang. Mizo Kristiante hian lei chi leh khawvel
eng kan nih angin kan society hi i alin, i han en tak tak dawn the ang. Ti-ala, ti-
eng turin, Kohhran pawh hian hmabak a la ngah hle a ni.

Sawi ho turte
1. Ei leh bar lama kan ram intodelhlohnaah hian Politics-in eng chen nge
mawh aphurh? Engtin nge chung thil chu kan siam that theih ang.
2. Kan rama politics kan khelh danah hian engte nge ngaimawhawm zual?
Engtin nge kan insiam that ang? . - ," "

3. Kan rama Politics siam tha turin Kohranhote hian engtia hmalak nge tha
ang? .
 NOTE & REFERENCES
1. Hans. J. Morganthau; Politics Among Nations, p.25 '.
2. R. Vanlawma; "Mizo Lalte leh an khua leh tui" Chhawkhlei, B.A. Mizo Text
Book, 1983, p. 40
3. Rev. Liangkhaia. p.
4. Chaltuahkhuma; Political History of Mizoram, 1981, pp. 22-3
5. Rev. Zairema; God's Mirac1e in Mizoram, 1978,
p. 1. R. Vanlawma; Ka ram leh kei, 1972 p. 19.
A.Roy; Mizoram Dynamics of Change, 1982, p. 5.
6. Bial aiawh thlan hun hi Pu R.Vanlawma chuan,
January 14, 1946 nUn a sawi (Ka ram leh kei, p.84). Pu Chaltuahkhuma chuan.
Jan. 16, 1946 niin a sawi ve thung (Political History 'of Mizoram, p. 21).
7. Mizo Union, Congress-a an inchhun luh burh mai chhan an sawi thin. Mizote,
India Politics-a kan hawi zau ve theih nan tih a ni.
8. A. Thanglura; Mizo Politics inlumlet dan, 1983, p. 272.
9. R. Vanlawma; Ka ram leh Kei, p.205.
10. Lalchungnunga; Regionalism in Mizoram Politics (Doctoral Thesis), NEHU,
1987, p.247.
11. A. Roy; op. cir., p. 21
12. Ibid" p. 124.
13. Rev. David Kyles; Lorrain of the 6 Lushai, Carey Press, London, 1945, p. 25.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

(A chung reference kan pek tawh bakah, Mizo Politics chungchang, zau zawk
leh thuk zawka hre duhte tan, hengte hi chhiar zui ni sela).

1. ,K.S. Singh, Tribal Movements in India, Vol. I, N. Delhi, Manchar

Publications, 1982.
2. A.K.. Nag, "The Ups and Downs of Mizo Politics,” in North Eastern Affair - A
Quarterly study of Trends and Events, Shillong, Oct.-Dec Issue,' 1972.
3. B. Pa.kem, ,"The changing power structure of the political institution of
chiefmainship in Mizoram,” in, The Journal of North- East India Council for
Social Science Research, Vol. V. No. II, Oct., 1987.
4. R.N, Prasad, Evolution of politics in Mizoram, 1987.
5. MNF Pawl thil tumte hrilhfiahna, 1972.
6. Laldenga, Mizoram' Marches Towards Freedom.
7. Lalhmingthanga, Exodus politics.
8, Thangchhuaka, Mizoram Politics Chanchin
9. Zoramthanga, Zoram zalenna lungphum.
10. Zoram politics MPF Hqrs. Publication, 1984.
 11. Speeches and Writing of Brig. T.Sailo, May ' 74,Jan.,.J983.
12. Congress Tobul leh a tum. Mizoram Congress Seminar papers, Feb-Apr, 1981.
13. Hmartawnphunga, Vaiho zawm nge i duh Mahnia din? 5.5.1974.
14. P.K. Bandhyaopadhyay, Leadership Among theMizos, 1985.
15. J.D Baveja, The'
35. Thansanga; Govt. and Politics in Mizoram (Doc Land Where the
Bamboo Iowers, 1970.
16. Mrs.N.Chatterjee; The Mizo Chief and His Administration,1975.
17. S.Chaube; Hill Politics in North-East India, 1973.
18 B.B. Goswami; Mizo Unrest, 1979.
19. T.Go.ugin; The Discovery of Zoland, 1980.
20. J.V.Hluna; Church and Political Upheaval in Mizoram, 1985.
21. B.Lalthangliana; History of Mizo in Burma, 1975.
22. Mc Call; Lushai Chrysalis, 1949 (Reprint 1977),
23. A.K.Nag; The Mizo Delemma, 1984.
24. N.Nibedon; Mizoram: The dagger Brigades, 1982.
.25.North-East India, The Ethnic Explosion, 1981.
26. Ramchuani ; Love Mizoram, 1985.
27. V.V.Rao; Century Tribal Politics in North-East India-1976.
28. H.K.Sareen; Insurgency in North-East India, 1980.
29. K .Chawngliana; Christianity and Mizo Society, (Doctoral Thesis), 1982.
30. S.T.Ngaihte; History of Zomi (M.Phi1. Thesis),1979
31. Lalchungnunga; Parties and Politics in Mizoram (M.PhiL Thesis), 1982.
32. Lal Rinawma ; Political Developm~nts in Mizo Hills. (M.Phil), 1986.
33. C.Nunthara; The Politics of the Mizo Hills (Doctoral Thesis), 1980.
34. Sangkima; Society and Social Changes of the Mizos (Doctoral), 1985.
35. Thansanga; Govt. and Politics in Mizoram (Doctoral), 1981.
36. Thanhranga; District Councils in the Mizo Hills (Doctoral), 1986.
37. Vumson : Zo History.
 MIZO POLITICS-A THIL THLENGTE

1981 Apr : British-in Lushai HiI1s a awp tak tak tan.

1946 Apr : Mizo Union a piang, Sept-ah Assembly hmasa ber an nei.
1947 Apr : Mizo Union a phir
Apr : Bordoloi Com. leh Phizo-a'n Mizoram an rawn tlawh.
Jul :' UMFO Party a piang.
1948 Apr : District Advisory Council inthlanna a awm.
Dec : Mizo Union nawrhpui a intan.
1952 Feb : Mizote'n District Council kan nei tan. MP, MLA leh District
Council inthlanpui hmasa ber.
Mar : Mizo Union MLA-te'u Assam Pradesh. Congress Party
Legislature party an zawm.
1953 Apr : Pu Nehru-a'n Mizoram a rawn tlawh. Lushai HilIs
Village Council Bill an passed.
1954 Apr : Lushai Hills tih thin chu Mizo District tia thlak a ni.
Aug : Lal ban a ni a, V.C. inthlanna hmasa ber a awm.
1957 Feb : Inthlanpui vawi hnihna.
Oct : UMFO leh Mizo union, Right Wing-ah an
inchhungkhawma
1959 : Mau a tam. Mizo National Famine Front a ding.

1960 : Assam Minister for 'Tribal Areas Development Capt.

W.A. Sangma Mizoramah a lo zin. V.C. inthlan vawi
thumna neih a ni.
1961 : Assam..,in Assamese Official Language Bill an
passed. All Party Hills Leaders Conference a ding.
Mizo District Congress a ding tan.
Oct : MNFF chu MNF-ah leh a lo ni ta.
1963 : V.C. vawi thumna neih a ni. MLA By-election
neih a ni. Mizo union in policy-ah Mizo State an neih
tan.

1964 : Pti.R: Thanhlira, MLA a banavang in By-election neih

a ni.
Apr : MNF hruaitute'n Home Minister G.L. Nanda an hmu.
1965 Apr : MU.-in Assam Sawrkar laka lungawilohna, Direct
Action neih a turn duhlohna vaogin , Mizo District CounCil
CEM nihna atangin Pu Saprawngaa bang.'
Oct : MNF hruaitute'n Prime Minister , L.B. Shastri an bia.
1966 Jan : MNF hruaituTarlok Singh-a hmaah an lang.
Feb : MNF hruaitute’n Assam Governor Vishnu Sabay leh
 Pataskar Commission an hmu.
Feb.Mar.zan : MNF-in Mizoram Independence an puang.
Mar. 2 & 3 : Parliamentah Calling Attention Motion-ah Mizoram buaina
chung chang an chai. .., ' ",.'
1967 Feb : Khawsawikhawm a intan. MP leh MLA inthlanna neih ani.'
: District Council inthlan, rambuai avanga a hun taka neih theih
tak loh chu, hemi kum hian neih a ni.
1970 Apr : Mizo Union leh Congress (H) 1ung rualin District Council-a
sawrkar lai Congress (D) N o-confidece Motion-in paih thla.
Mar. : Congress (H) CEM chu No-confidence Motion Move a nih
hmain, CEM a nihna ata a bang; Mizo Union leh Congress (D) tangrualin,
Mizo Union CEM ah an dah chho.
: Pu Thangridema’n Socialist Party Candidate angin MP By-
election a chuh. .,
: V.C. inthlan vawi ngana neih a ni.
Sept : U.T., nge State tih thu-ah M.U.Assembly an phir. "
1972 Jan : P.M.Indira Gandhi-in Mizoram chu U.T a ni tih a
puang.
Apr. : U.T.Election hmasa ber neih a ni.
1973 Mar : Socialist Party leh Mizo Labour Party, Congress –ah
an inchung lut.
May : Mizo Integration Council sawm nan Mizo hruaitu
thenkhatte’n Manipur-a Mizote an tlawh.
: Mizo Union-a hruaitute’n Congress-a luh vek an titlu.
1974 Jan : Mizo Union Congress merger puan a ni.
Jun : Brig.T.Sailo-a’n Human Rights Committee a din.
1975 Jan : MNF-in IGP leh Police Office dang pahnih an that.
Apr : People’s Conference Party din a ni.
1976 Apr : Mizo democratic Front din a ni.
May : MISA dan in MNF hruaitu paruk man an ni.
Jun : MISA dan vekin, P.C. Hruaitu pasarih man a ni.
1977 Feb : P.M.Indira Gandhi in Aizawl a rawn tlawh
Mar : Hneh takin Lok shaba inthlan naah P.C. an chak.
May : UT Assembly pahnihna tur thlanna a awm, P.C. an
chak. Opposition party hrang hrang, Election chungchangah lungawi lovin an
inhmu khawm.
Oct : UT Sawrkarna chelh lai P.C. Party a phir.
1979 Apr : UT Assembly mid-term election neih a ni ; P.C. an
chak.
Jun : PWD DSO Chaudhury thah a ni.
: Opposition party-te’n Steering Committee an din.
1980 Jan : Lok Sabha mid-term election Steering Com.
Candidate-in rorel lai party P.C candidate a hneh.
Jul : Central Sawrkar leh MNF-in operation tihtawp rih thu
an puang.
Oct : P.C.Party-in State puitling neih an dil tan.
 Nov : Congress chu Steering Com. atangin a inla chhuak.
1981 Mar : Aizawl atanga kum 15, MNF Hqrs. Atanga kum 9 a
thang bo hnu-in, Pu Laldenga’n Aizawl paltlangin MNF Hqrs a tlawh.
Aug : P.C.(B) MLA pali an bang.
1982 Apr : P.C. (B) leh Janata leh MDF in merger-in Mizo
Convention Party an din.
: Inbiakremna atan Mizo Synod a inhawng tan.
: MNF leh India sawrkar inbiaknaah harsatna a awm
avangin Pu Laldenga’n India a chhuahsan.
1986 Jun : Memorandum of settlement (Mizo Accord tia hriat lar
zawk) chu MNF leh Govt. of India aiawhte’n an sign.
1987 Feb 16 : MLA Seat 40 nei tur Mizoram State Assembly hmasa
ber atan inthlanna neih a ni.
Feb 17 : Mizoram chu India rama State 23 na a lo ni ta.

4. POLITICAL EDUCATION- TUNLAI MIZORAM MAMAWH

Politics awmzia :Political tih mai hi Mizotawng anga kan hman lar a
ni. Mahse heti chung hian thil sawi fiah awlai lo tak a ni. Mithiam tam takin an
hrilhfiah a; mahse, an hrilhfiah dan pawh a in ang vek lo va, an huamtir chin lah a
thuhmun hek lo. Politics kan h1ut thiam dan a inchen, lo ang bawkin kan thlir dan
pawh a thuhmun lo thei hle ang. . Mi then khat chuan, politics chu sual leh
bawlhlawhna tinrenga khat, hleprukna leh dawtsawina hmun, mahni hmasialna leh
lal inchuhna niin an ngai a. Politician.te pawh chutiang tih hmang deuh vekchu
niin an ngai ani. Chu vangin, hetianga hmu tute chuan, Kristian tha leh Kohhrana
rawngbawltute tan phei chuan telvena chi loh tawp niin an ngai a . ni. He ngaih
dan hi ngaidan dik tawk lo a ni. Amahrerawhchu, politics huang chhunga sualna lo
lang chhuak an hmuh atangin hetiang ngaih dan hi an siam niin alang, an
thiamawmna chin ang. Amaherawhchu, hei ngawt hi chu politics kan thlir dan tur
erawh chu a ni lo vang. Politics kheltute an sual avang emaw, politics huang
chhunga sualna a tam avanga, chhe lailet dera politics dah erawh chu a dik lo
vang.

Thil dan dang lehah chuan, mihringte hi a chu a huhova cheng chi
,kan ni a, hlim tak leh thlamuang taka kan chen ho theih turin rorelna felleh fai
neih a .. ngai a. . Mihfing kan nih anga kan chen ho leh khawsak ho dan tur
ngaihtuahnahi politics chu a ni a. Chu vangin, mihring chu politics huang
chhungaha lo piang a, a thih thlengin, a duh emaw, duh lo emaw, politics
huangchhungah a nun a ngai hrim hrim a ni. Politics chuan In chhungkhur te, zirna
Sikul te, Kohhran te, sumdawnna hmun te, pawlho leh; mi mal nun thlengin a
nghawng fai vek a ni. Mihring nun kawng khat, pumpelh theih loh a ni. Mi zawng
zawng hi eng kawng emaw tal chuan politics-ah telna an nei lo thei lo (1).
Aristotle-a chuan mihring chu politics mi (political animal) a ti hial a ni. Chuti
chuan, politics chu mihringte tha taka kan chen ho theihna tura awm dan tur relna
leh ngaihtuahna a nih avangin, mithate chauhin rorelna an kengkawh tur a ni.
Chutiang rorelna tha nei tur chuan mi zawng zawngin mawh kan phur a ni. He
thlir dan hi Kristiante'n politics kan thlir dan tur ni awm tak a ni.
Mithiamte'n Politics an hrilhfiah dan: Politics tih hi Greek tawnga 'polis' tih
atanga lak a ni a. Polis tih chu hmanlai Greek city-state sawina a ni (2). Polis tih
hian, Greek city-state insawrkar dante leh sakhuate a huap vek a ni. Greek city-
state-ah chuan, politics leh sakhua chu a kal kawp rial rial a ni (3). Greek mifing
Aristotlea chu mumal taka politics chhui-tu hmasa bera ngaih a ni a, 'Political
Science pa'.' tia koh ani hial a ni (4). Tichuan, Greek city-state inrelbawl dan leh,
khua leh tuite leh sawrkar- inlaichinnate kha politics tih chuan a huap vek a ni (5).
Tunah chuan, politics thlir dan hi kawng hnih, lian pui pui a awm a. Pakhat chu
thlir dan hlui (traditional view) a ni. Traditional writers (6)-hote chuan Greek.-
hote ngaih dan dungzuiin politics an thlir a.

Henghote ngaih dan chuan, politics chu state leh a sawrkar zirna a ni
an ti a. Ram chu eng nge a nih? Engtin nge a lo pian? Eng atan nge a lo awm tih te
leh, a chhunga michengte nen engtin nge an inlaichin tih te ngaihtuahna a ni a.
Chu bakah, sawrkar organ hrang hrangte leh an hnathawhte leh an pawimawhnate
chhuina a ni bawk.

A tawizawngin, politics thlir dan hlui traditional view hi chuan,

politics tih hian state (Ram) leh sawrkar an huaptir ber a. Hun a lo kal zel a, /ngaih
dan thar a lo piang chho ve zel a, thlir dan thar a lo chhuak ve leh ta a. Chu chu
chu 'Modern View' (thlir dan tunlai) a ni. Modern Political Scientist (7) te chuan,
politics chuan State leh sawrkar chauh a huap lo, institution zirna mai ani lo, hei hi
chu a tak ram (practical aspect) a thleng phak lo an ti ve thung a. (8). Modern
View-ah chuan, politics chu State leh government (institution) sawina mai ni
lovin, ni tina politics a tak taka kalpui a nih dan kha ani zawk a ni an ti ve thung a
ni. Tin, politics chu thuneihna inchuhaa (struggle for power) a ni an ti bawk ani,
(9). Engtin nge mite'n thuneihna chan tuma an beih dan, engtin nge thuneihna chu
hman a nih? Thutlukna (Decision) siam a nih dan te, kha thutlukna siam nan khan
eng ngaihtuahnate nge hman aniha, eng ang boruak hnuaiah nge thutlukna siam a
nih tihte kha politics chuan a huap vek a ni an ti.

David Easton chuan, "Politics chu mihring mamawhte, thuneihna

hmanga sem (authoritative allocation of values) hi ani," (10) a ti a, Mihring
mamawh thil hlute chu tu nge chang anga, eng thilte nge an chan anga, eng vangin
nge an chan ang tih ngaihtuahna zawng zawngte kha politics chu a ni vek an ti a.
Chutichuan, tunlai mithiamte chuan; politics chu thuneihna inchuhna leh
thuneihna hmanga ro kan rel dan kha a ni ber e, an ti a. India ramah chuan Power
kan inchuh dan ber chu, sawrkar siam thei tur inthlana vote hmu tam tura beih a ni.
Hei hi political party te tumber ani thin.

Kan han sawi tak atang khian, politics chu tawngkam khat leka fel
taka sawi fiah mai theih a ni lo tih a lo lang a ni. Tichuan, politics chu eng nge ni
ta ber ang le? Ngaih dan hlui "Traditional view" kha a chuai tial tial a; ngaih dan
thar, "Modern view" khan a lan chho hret hret a ni. Ngaih dan hlui kha kan hnawl
vek theih loh laiin, ngaih dan thar kha kan zirna innghah nan hmang deuh ila a tha,
e. Tichuan, kan tuniai mithiamte ngaih dan dungzuiin, ram rorelna chan tuma
kan inchuh dan te. mihring anga kan khawsak ho nana thuneihna (power) kan
hman dante hi politics chu a ni e, kan ti ve mai ang. A tawizawngin - politics chu
ram leh a chhunga mipuite awm dan tur ngaihtuahna a ni. Kan ti thei ang.

Politics lo intan dan: Politics chu engtik atanga lo intan nge tih hriat theih a ni lo.
Mumal taka chhuithiam hmasa ber chu Greek-hote an ni. Mahse, Greek-ho hma
pawhin politics chu a awm daih tawh a ni. Engtin nge politics a lo pian tih
chungchanga mithiamte ngaih dan pawh a thuhmun lo. Ngaih dan hlui, ber chu,
"Divine origin theory," a ni Hemi awm ziachu,roreltute hi Pathianruat an ni a:
Politics bul pawh, Pathian a ni tihna a ni. He ngaih dan hi Kristiante zingah a lar
hle thin.
A dawt leh ah chuan, politics chu mihring chhungkua lo pung chho
zel atanga mamawhna avanga lo awm niin an ngai. Hei hi patriaarchal theory
emaw matriarchal theory emaw an vuah. Ngaih dan thar a lo chhuak leh a; chu
chu, "Force theory," an vuah. "Mi chak zawk ten chak lo zawkte an
awpbehnaatanga lo awm a ni” an ti. He mi zawh hian, ngaih dan thar a lo piang
leh a, chu chu, “ Social contract theory,” an vuah a. Hei hi chu mipuite’n him na
leh that tlan zawk nan, inlungrualna an siam atangin tuna sawrkar kan tih ang hi
a lo piang ta ni tih ngaih dan a ni (II). Politics lama mithiam te ngaih dan
pawmawm deuh bera an ngaih chu, "Evolutionary theory," ani, Hemi ngaih dan
hichuan, vawileh khata lopiang phut ni lovin, chhan, pakhat avang, chauhva lo
piang pawh ni bawk hek lovin,mihring mamawhnain zawi zawia a rawn her
chhuahpui niin an ngai a ni.

Heng ngaih dan kan han sawitak zingah hian, ngaih dan hlui
ber mai, mite kalsan tawh, “Devine origin theory," roreltute leh politics bul
chu Pathian a ni tih Kristiante pawm ber leh Bible ngei pawh ina sawi a ni.
Roreltute hi ,Pathian ruat an ni e, tih na nilovin thil tisual thei lo leh an tih-
apiang Pathian tihtir ani e, tihna nilovin, engkim bul, chu. Pathian a nih
avangin politics bul pawh hi Pathian ani a; a tawpna pawh Pathian kut a ni tih
hi kan Zirchhuah a ngai ani. Politics anih avauga Pathian tel ta lo leh
mihringten duh ang anga chin kual thiang ta anga ngaih tur a ni lo. Politics-a
tihsual chu Pathian laka tihsualna a ni tih kan hriat a ngai a ni. Mihring lakah
mai ni lo, Pathian lakah mawh kan phur a ni. Tichuan, politics chu a lo intan
dan rengah, mi zawng zawng that tlanna tura thuneihna leh rorelna kenkawh
chu a tum a ni hrim hrim a ni.
Political Education : Kan, thupui kha, “Politics in zirtir Zoramin a mamawh a
ni,” tih a ni a. Poli tics awmze dik zir tur chuan, bul deuh hleka kan hrut a tul
awm e, Fred Milson chuau, "Politics-a thil kan tihnaah reng reng hianngaihtuahna
kawng liin min kaihruai thin ani," (12) a ti a. Hetiangin :-
a) Goal - He thil kan tih hian eng nge kan goal ni a, engnge hmuhchhuah
kan tum?
 b) Values - Engtia tih nge dik ber ang?
c) Method - Eng hmanrua hmang tur nge kan . nih? ,
d) Results - A rah kha mipui tan a tha ber ang em tih ngaihtuahnate a ni.
Tichuan, mihring kan chen honaa kan inkara in remlohna leh
inhnialna lo chhuak thin thawi dam hna kan thawh dante hi politics chu a ni bawk
a ni. Hetah hian thil pathuma lo lang a, chungte chu -
a) Structure A ruangam ngaihtuahtu rorel khawl, Parliament, Legislative
Assembly, Political Parties, Council Committee
.
b) Processes - A ngaihtuahtu atana thlantlinho te'n thil an kalpui dan Ngaih
dan leh policy in a politics-a min kaihhruai dan te eng nge
pawimawh kan tih ber tih te a ni.

Politics-a kan inremlohna fo chu, ngaih dan in anlohna hi a ni a. Thil

kal dan pangngai hi a la tha tawk a. Vawnhim leh tihngheh zel a ngai a ni tih leh, a
tha tawk tawh lo va, tihdanglam a ngai a ni tih inhnialnate hi inremlohna a ni fo.
Heng zawng zawng ngaihtuahna leh rel hna hi eng lai pawh in a kal reng a, chu
boruak chuan min tuam reng a; kan duh emaw, duh lo emaw, kan ni tin nun leh
khawsakna hi a nghawng a. Kan velah thing leh maute an awm angin, kan society
leh kan nun hi politics boruakin a tuam a; chu vangin, politics chu eng nge a niha,
engtia tih tur nge ni tih inzirtir (political education) chu tihmakmawh a ni. Amah
erawhchu, Mizoramin hma a sawn dan te sawi tur tam tak a awm. Hetih rual vek
hian, politics-in thil tha lo a hrin chhuah tam tak a awm bawk ani. Tichuan, insiam
that leh inzirtir kan tulna laite a vaiin kan sawi seng lo vang a, tawi tetein ilo sawi
dawn teh ang.
Mizoram Politics: Mizoram, party politics-a kan luhvena chu kum 1946 atang
chauhvin ani (l3). Mizoram hun tawng (political history) hi hunpui pali-ah then
theih a ni ang –

1) Lalte rorel hun chhung - (1952 hma lam)

2) District Council hun - (1952 - 1971)
3) Union Territory hun - (Jan. 1972 – Feb, 1987)
4) State hun . - (20 Feb., 1987hnu lam)

Mizorama political party hmasa ber Mizo Union chu, 9 Apr, 1946-ah a lo ding
a. Lal duhlohna boruak rawn pianpui a ni (14). Lalte rorelna titawpa Democracy
rorelna laluttu a ni. Hun inthlak lai (transitional period)-ah an ding a. District
Council din tirh 1952 atangin U .T. kan nih thleng, rei lo te chhung tih chauh lo
chu ro an rel a. Party feeling an nei thuk hle. Zoram, tun ang dinhmuna kan
dinnaah hian, a chhiat ah thata mawh an phur hle 21 Jan.,1972-ah Mizoram chu
U.T ah hlankai a ni a. 18 Apr, 1972-a Union Territory Assembly inthlan ah,
Mizo Union bawkin sawrkarna a la a. January 1974-ah Congress nen an in-
merger a, 9, May, 1917 thleng ro an rel a. Mizoram Assembly inthlanpui tum 2-
 na, 171eh 20 May, 1978-ah, party thar P.C in sawrkarna a chang ve thung a.
13,Oct., 1978 ah an party a phel avangin, dissolved a ni a. 24 leh 27 Apr., 1979-
ah, Assembly member thlannaah, P.C bawkin sawrkarna a chang leh a. A term
tawp April, 1984 thleng an awh a ni. Mizoram U.T. Assembly thlan
hnuhnungber 1984 ah Congress-in sawrkarna an chang ve thung a. India leh
MNF-te inremna, 30 June, 1986 thuthlung angin, Mizoram chu State puitlingah,
20 Feb.,' 1987-ah hlankai a lo ni ta. State Assembly thlanna hmasa berchu 16
Feb., '1987-ah neih a ni a. MNF kum 20 lai lo rammu tawh chuan, a vawi
khatna atan sawrkarna an chang ve ta thung a ni (15). 29 Aug,1986-ah an party a
lo phel tak avangin, State Assembly thiatin 7 Sept, 1988-ah Mizoram chu
President’s rule-ah dah a ni a. State Assembly thlan tum 2-na 21 Jan, 1989-a
neihah chuan, Congress-in sawrkarna a lo chelh ve leh ta thung a ni.
Hemi hun chhung zawng hian, Mizoram mipui te'n political
experience tha tak kan nei hman a. Kan tih tawhdanah thil tha chhawm tur tam tak
a awm. Politics avanga kawng hrang hranga Mizoram in hma a sawn dante sawi
tur tam tak a awm. Hetih rual vek hian, politics-in thil tha lo a hrin chhuah tam tak
a awm bawk a ni. Tichuan, in siam that leh inzirtir kan tulna laite a vaiin kan
sawiseng lo vanga, tawi te tein i lo sawi dawn teh ang.

1. Inthlan chungchangah
,
Democracy ramah chuan, inthlanna thianghlim '(free and fair election)
hi a awm ngei ngei tur a ni a. Kan candidate-te vote zawn danah te, thlang tu
mipuiin hruaitu kan thlannaa kan rilru put danah te kan hmanraw hmanah te,
Kristiante tih awm tak chauh zel kan ti tur a ni. Hetiang kawngah hian, zir tur tam
tak kan nei a ni.
(1) Candidate siam danah : Party tinte, Candidate siamah kan fimkhur tawk lo
fo. Mihmingtha leh mi mittlung dap aiin, party tana mi tangkai leh senior apiang
dap kan ching. Ualau taka zuruileh mihmingchhe tak takte pawh, party-a mi
tangkai an nih phawt chuan, kan candidate hreh chuang lo. Hei hi kan insiam that
ngaihna lai pakhat a ni.
2) Campaign danah: Campaign danah hian, mahni party thil tum leh
programme tihhlawhtlin a nih theih dan turte leh, mipuite tana a that dante, ziak
leh tawngkama puanchhuah te hi a tawk viau a ni Mahse, hei hi chu kan duh
tawk tawh lo. Vote hmuh theihna tur a nih dawn phawt chuan, eng hmanrua
pawh kan hmanghreh tawh lo a ang hle. Mi dang sawichhiat chiam chiam te kan
ching a. Hei hi thil tul lo a ni.
3) Dawt sawi: Zoram politics tibawlhhlawh em emtu chu, politics thilah dawt
sawi kan ching lutuk hi a ni. Thenkhat chuan, politics thila dawt sawi te chu
pawi ta lo angin kan ngai a. Politics a nih avangin dawtsawi hi a thiang ta a ni
reng.reng lo. Bible zirtirna kalh tlat a ni. Hei hian kan hnam nun a tichhe nasa
em em a; chu vangin, dawtsawi hmangte hnawl ngam tura inzirtir hi a
pawimawh hle a ni.
 4) Vote lei: Vote, pawisaa inlei thu te hriat tur a lo tam ta hle mai. Chu mi
chuan chumi bialah pawisa, inthlan dawnzanah a sem tih te a tam hle. Tin, lei
mai mai theih lah kan tam tawh. "Re.1 pawh min pe theilo ai chuan, pawisa min
petu chu kin vote, mai loh nakah," ti ta mai maite kan awm. Tlangvalho zu lei
nan leh Ui bai nan pawisa lo sem ta mai mai candidate-te lah kan awm zel. Hei
hian a entir chu -ram hmangaih aiin mahni pumpui hmangaihna liau 1iau a
kawk a ni. Hei hi kum, 1984 inthlan atang khan alar tan niin a lang. Hetiang do
ngam tur hian inzirtir a tul.

5) Electoral Roll-a inthun leh paih : Mi thenkhatin kum tling lo electoral roll-a
thun an ching. Hei hi dan bawhchhiatna lian taka tling a ni. Sual a ni District
Council hun hnuhnung lam atang khan, kum tling, lo electoral roll-a inthun hi a lo
hluar ta em ni a tih theih. High Court-ahte hial thlen a ni. Tin, kum tling si, mahni
party mi leh sa an nih loh avanga hming paihsak emaw, roll-a thun duh loh emaw
pawh sual a ni. Inthlan apiangin hetiang lam sawisel tur hi a tam thei hle. Hetiang
thil that lohzia inzirtir hi kan mamawh hle a ni.
6) Dan pawisak leh zawm: Sawrkar-in election dan mumal tak a nei a. Tih
phal chin leh phal loh chin te a siam vek a ni. Candidate-te sum senso tur zat
nen lam bi tuk vek a ni. Mi vote thlak ai thlak te, vote thlak nawn te, motor-a
vote thlak tur thiar khawm te, mi vote thlak tur thlak ngam lo tura vaubeh te,
khap tlat a ni. Mahse, Zoram, Kristiante ramah hian dan bawhchhiana te a tam
hle a. ni. Hnam dang tih danin election thubuaite pawh a tam ve ta hle mai. Hei
hi mite an fimkhur phah nan leh dan an palzut mai mai loh nan a tangkai viau
vin a rinawm. Hetih rual hian court-a kalte pawh uar lutuk a awm thei bawk.
Kristiante tih atana mawi lo chin hi awm thin. Heng kawngahte pawh hian
inzirtir a tul hle.

7) A hautak lo zawnga politics khelh : Senso tam zawnga politics khelh leh
campaign kan ching lutuk ta deuh. Party campainer-te'n candidate-te laka kan thil
beisei dan pawh a lutuk ta deuh. Khaw tinah ran talhtir kan tum a, a hautak lutuk.
Heng hi sim turin inzirtir-a tul. Tuna kan tih danah hi chuan nuaibi sen tur nei tan
lo chuan in-candidate ngam chi a ni dawn hlei nem. Hetiang a nih chuan mihau-
sate chauhvin election an contest theih hun a thleng mai ang tih a hlauhawm hle a
ni.
8). Party ruihchilh loh : U.T. hma khan party ruihchilh hi a na hi a nasa zualin a
lang. Mizo Union kha heti lamah an kal thui hle. Union a nih chuan, vawkpui
pawh ni se ka vote ang tihte a ni thin. Tupah hi chuan a ziaawm ta deuhin a lang.
Mahse, party rui tlat kan la tam hle. Hei hian mahni party ni lo tawh phawt huatna
a hring a, thudik leh dik lo pawh thliar hrang thei lovin mi a siam a. Thudik aia
party laltirna a thlen a. Hei hi sim tura inzirtir a tul hle.

9) Naupang kum tling lo hman bansan a tul: Election campaign nan naupang
kum tling lo, vote la nei tham lo hman kan ching tan. A lu nung zawng zawngin
politics khelh vek tur emaw kan ti ta mai niin a lang. Naupang rilru thianghlim
(innocent) tihkhawbaw-na hmanrua a ni. Naupan 1ai atangin mi dangte huat an zir
chhuak ang tih a hlauhawm hle a ni. Hei hi chin tam loh atan a tha.

10) Ram hruaitu duh uluk a ngai : Ram hruaitu turkan duh uluk tawk lo. Ram
changkang zawkah chuan, an thlahtute thlengin an chhui peih a. Zu leh sa leh
mipat hmeichhiatna lama nuam chen mi, mi rinawm lo an ni tih kan hriat rengte
pawh, Kristian tha inti fe fein kan vote duh tho mai. Hruaitu kan thlan chhuah
zelte hi thlangtute darthlalang an ni. Kan phu tawk zet hruaitu kan thlang chhuak
thin a ni tih hre rengin, kanduhtui hle tur a ni. Sawrkar tha leh chaksiam turin
mipuiin mawh kan phur a ni tih inzirtir ngun a ngai. Kan sawrkar a tawp hle chun
a siamtu mipui kan tawp a ni tih a entir a ni.

2 Sawrkar kalpui danah

I) Corruption a tam : Corruption hian hmun tinreng a luah ta emmaw ni tih

mai tur ani.Hei hian Mizoram a eichhe mek a ni. Sawrkarna changtu nih a hlawk
lutuk ta deuh. Kan politician-te leh sawrkar hnathawk lian deuhte an hausa chak
lutuk deuh. Kan hruaitute zingah fel tak tak an awm thin. Mahse, atam zawk hi
chuan thlemna kan hneh loh lu deuh niin a lang. Corruption tih chingte hnawl
ngam tura inzirtir a tul. Hotute corrupt tur thlem ching kan tam bawk. Corruption
kan huat dan a nep lutuk bawk.
2) Party mi leh sa Indubsakna a nasa lutuk; Party mi leh sa te hi a tawka fang
chuan induhsak pawh ni se a awmna chin a awm .Mahse, party dangte tana beisei
ve tur awm mang reng reng lova ruling party kan induhsak thin hi chu a Kristian
lo em em a, Lal Isua zirtirna a kalh tlat a ni.Hetah hian tu party mah an bang lo,
Khawchhak pa pakhatin, "Sawrkarna lak hi mihringin kan va lo ngeih e," a ti a a
dik viau a ni. Kan ngeih lutuk deuh hrat a ni. Sim tura inzirtir a ngai.

3) Sawrkar hmasa-thillo tih tawh inthiatsak kan ching : Kan ram politics a thil
pawi deuh mai pakhat chu, sawrkar hmasa te thil lo tih tawh kan thiat thin hi a ni.
A thar reh kan ching lutuk, Entir nan, P.C. Sawrkarin Mizoram Secretariat,
Luangmuala dah turin a ruahman a, pawisa tam tak a seng a. Congress an lo lal a,
D.C. Office hmuna dah zawk turinaruahman a, MNF an lo lal ve leh a Assam Rifle
rama ~ dah turin an tithar ve leha. Khawiah tak dah dawn ni maw! Chutiang zelin
Mizo Union hovin Garden colony vuahin sum chang thlai an chintira, Congress-in
Land Use Policy-in a thlak a MNF an lo sawrkar a, Jhum Control Scheme an
rawn. duang chhuak ve leh a (16). Heti rengreng hi chu kan kal dan tur chu a ni lo
a ni.
4) Politics phuba lak sim tur : Politics-a phuba lakhi a hlawk viau dawn emaw
tih a awm khawp mai. Sawrkar thar a lo pian apian in po1itics-a phuba lakna ni
ngei a ngaihbel theih thil a awm thin. Hei hi kan Bible zirtirna kalh tlat a ni. Tin,
politics thilah pawh, a hlawk lo a ni tih hriat a hum hle.
5) Sawrkar thil party campaign nan hran loh tur: Ruling party apiangin kan
party chak theihna tur a nih dawn phawt chuan, Sawrkar grant te pawh campaign
nan hman kan hreh lo. Sawrkar grant te pawh, party-a mi tlem luh nan tawktarhah
kan hmang thin hian mipui te hnephnawl umna-ah a hruai lut a. Ruling party
apiang zuanlawrna-ah mipui a hruai a, corruption bul a ni. Milelo-ah mi a siam a,
sim a ngai a ini.

6) Opposition te rawn thin tur: Kan rama ruling party-te'n opposition te

biakrawn leh ngaih pawimawh achang an hre tawk lo. Policy lianthamah leh,
hnam pum -thilah reng reng chuan, sawrkarin oppositionte rawn chung zelin, thil
tih thin nise Hei hian opposition te avanga buaina tam tak hi apumpelhtir thei ang
(17).

3. Opposition

Opposition-te hnathawhber chu, sawrkar khalh nge (contructive

criticism) a ni (18) Sawrkarna chelhtute'n an duh ang anga thil an tih mai mai loh
nan alo khalh ngil kha opposition-te hna a ni (19). Muang tak leh inngeih dial
diala cheng ho turin, tharum tel lovin thil kan ti tur a ni (20) Zorama opposition-
te'n ruling party te kan beih thin danah thianghlim tawk lo tam tak a awm. Entir
nan : rambuai kan nih laia, opposition apiangin ruling party te kha remna duh lo
leh, MNF - te tihchimih tuma, mahni chauh remna duhtu anga insawi thin te kha
a hrisel tawk lo a ni (21). Eng hmanraw hmang pawha sawrkar ding lai tihchhiat
duh hmel kan pu thin kha a puitlin lohthlak hle a ni. Tin, thu chiang tawk lo leh,
dawt hmanga sawrkar sawisel kan ching lutuk bawk. Party Politics avanga thisen
chhuah lek phei hi chu, engtikawng mahin kan thlawp tur a ni lo. Mi zawng
zawngin kan dem tur a ni. Chu vangin, opposition-te'n sawrkar dinglai kan
beihnaahte tharum hmanga buaina siam chiam chiam ang hi Kristiante tih atan a
mawi lo ani. .
4. Kristianna leh Po1itics
Kan ram politics-ah hi an, kum 1966 atang tawh khan, Kohhranin tula tih .
dan ang zelin vawi 30 dawn lai Kohhran hmingin thuchhuah a lo siam tawh a.
A tul chuan a la siam zel dawn a ni. Heng Kohhran thuchah siam thinte hi,
thenkhat chuan an ngaithei lo deuh niin a lang a. Khawimaw lai laiah techuan,
lo sawisel tawk pawh an bo lo a ni. Mi thenkhat chuan, politics chu khawvel
thil a ni a, Kohhran mite chu kan inthiarfihlim tur a ni an ti (22). Hei hi chu
ngaih dan dik tawk lo a ni. He leilung leh a chhunga thil awm zawng zawng hi
Lalpa ta ani a, a chhunga chengte nen hian (Sam 24:1). Ama ta a nih avangin,
a duh zawnga enkawl a duh a ni. Heng chungah hian a laina ram din a duh a, "
I ram lo thleng rawh se," tia tawngtai thin turin Lal Isuan min zirtir a ni.
Kohhran chhungah chauh Pathian ram chu a thleng tur a ni lo vang. Ram
rorelna, politics huang chhungah te pawh a thleng ve tur a ni. politics hi a
bawlhhlawh em mai a, ringtute tel vena tlak a ni lo an ti thin. John Eidmoe
chuan, "Hei hi kan pawm dawn a nih chuan, ‘Phar natna hi a tenawm em mai
a, kai ve mai a hlauhawm avangin Kristian Doctor-te chuan an enkawl ve tur a
ni lo,' kan tihna a ni," (23) a ti,
Kan politics tihthianghlima tihthlarau hi ringtute mawhphurhna lian
tak pakhat a ni. Mite hlepruk ruala help ve mai lo turin, mite dawt sawi ruala daw
ve mai lo turin kan eng hi pulpit bangsangah chauh ni lo, politics hmun thimte en
phak tura eng taka kan chhit a ngai a ni. Hemi awmzia chu, party chhungah kan
awm emaw a pawnah kan awm emaw, Lal Isua zuitu kan nihzia hi kan tilang tur a
ni tihna a ni. Kristian ram kan nih angin, kan ram politics chu Krista zirtirna dik
takin akaihruai tur a ni (24). 'Kan ramah Kristian hlirin ro an rel si a, engati nge a
that si loh? kan ti ani mai thei. A chhannachu, kan Kristianna a dal em a; awmzia a
nei phak lo ani, kan ti thel ang (25). Hei vang hian, kan rawngbawltute politics
huang chhunga han zuan lut ve te pawh, vawkpui chirhdiaka inbualang lekin mi
thenkhat chuan an hmuh phaha ni Mahse, hei phei hi chu a dik ber lem lo ang. Eng
pawh, ni se kan ram politics a lo thiangh1ima, rorelna fel leh fai kan neih theihna
turin ringtute'n, mawh kan phur a ni. Lal Isua zirtirna ang ngeiin dikna leh.
Rinawmna a taka lantirtu ni turin, kan inzirtir a ngaia ni. Kristiante tih atana mawi
lo chin reng reng chu, politics-ah tiha thiang lo a ni tih hriat a tul a ni.

Ram rorelna hi Pathian ta a ni a, lalthutthleng te hi a ta a ni.

Chuvangin, Amah tih mite’n an ro an rel a ngai a ni. Politics hi Pathian atanga
chhuak, Pathiana tawpa nih avangin, Pathian duhzawngin kalpui tur a ni. Hei hi
politics huang chhunga awm te'n kan ti thei lo a nih chuan, active politics-a tel loh
mai hi rawngbawltu tan a him ber ang. Amaherawhchu, Pathian tihmite'n ro an
relloh chuan, engtikahmah ram rorelna a thianghlim thei ngai lo vang. Tin, politics
hi a bawlhblawh avanga kan thlahthlam phawtchuan, a bawlhhlawh deuh deuh mai
thei bawk. Eng pawh ni se, ram rorelna na chu misualleh zaktheilo apiangte
chanvo tur chu a ni lo hrim hrim ringawt mai a ni. Politics huang chhungah kan
awm emaw a pawn atangin kan tel ve emaw kan politics tih thianghlim hi chu
rintu tih tur hrim hrim a ni. Amaherawhchu, Kristianna, kawr atan hmanga vote
zawn nan chauh, kan duh a nih chuan, chu chu a hlauhawm hle ani. Tin,
Kohhranahte party politics kan la, lut reng reng tur a ni lo. Politicsah a takin
Kristianna kanla lutzawk tur a ni. .

Tlangkawmna: Ram dangte nen khaikhin chuan, politics-ah kan la naupang hle.
Chutichungin, kan thang chakin hma kan sawn nasa hle. Insiam that leh zirtir
ngathna lai tam tak a awm. Siam that theih dinhmunah kan ding a, a la tlai lutuk lo
a ni tih hria ila.
Kan Society nena inmil lo - hnam dang tih dan tha lo lakah kan
fimkhur a ngai. Sualna lo pung zel hi rorelna tha hmangin thui tak a dan theih a ni
tih hre rengin, rorelna fel leh fai nei turin mi tinin mawh kan phur a ni tih hre
bawk ila.
Mizoram, Kristian ram angah hi chuan, politics leh Kristianna hi tha taka a kal
kawp rial rial a ngai a. Kohhranho thlarau lam nun a chauh hle chuan, ram rorelna
a nghawng a. Chutiang bawk inram rorelna a tawp hle chuan, Kohhran a
nghawng lo thei lo a ni. Chu vangin, politics-ah hian kan Kristianna kan lak luha,
Pathian duhzawng anga rorelna kenkawh a nih chauhvin kan ram hi a nuam thei
dawn a ni. Khawvel hi Krista leh a lalna rama din turin Kristiante'n mawh kan
phur. Kan sawi leh kan tih apiangah Pathian ropuina lo lang chhuak thin se.
Politics thilah Pathian fate tih awm chauh zel ti thin ila, kan ram hi a lo
thianghlim mai dawn a ni. Chu hna chu ringtu tinte mawhphurhna a ni.

Sawi ho turte

1. Kan ram politics hi a tha lam zawngin nge a kal; a chhe lam zawngin? Eng nge
a chhan?
2. In thlan dawna Kohhranin thu a chhuah thin hi tawk kan ti em? Heng bakah
hian tih
tur nei ni ta ila,engti zawngin nge ni ang?
3: Kohhrana rawngbawltute hi party politics-ah tun ai hian inrawlh tam ila nge tha
ang, inrawlh lo deuh ila? ' .
4. Khaw tinah Party Unit lo ding thin hi Mizote hian kan thatpui nge kan
chhiatpui? Eng nge a chhan?

REFERENCES

1. K.N. Sharma, Modern Political Analysts, 1984, p. 3.

2. E. Asirva tham, Political Theory, 1976, p. 2.
3. Carl J. Friedrich, Constitutional Government and Democracy, 1974, p; 5.
4. Aristotle-a chuan, 'Politics' tih bu, Volume I-VIII thleng a ziak a ni. Tichuan,
politics tih hi an lo hmang chho ta zel a ni.
5. Ernest Baker, The Politics of Aristotle, 1977, p.XIV.
6. Traditional Writers zinga mi thenkhatte chu Leacok, Sealey, Blunchli, Paul
Janet, Geteell te an ni.
7. Modern view ringtu thenkhatte chu - Hillman, Burce, David Easton, Lasseell,
Morganthau, etc. te an ni.
8. G.A. Almond and G.B. ,Powell, Comparative politics, 1966, p. 16,,17.
9. Hans J. Morganthau, Politics Among Nations, 1973, p. 25. ,
10. David Easton, The Political System, 1953, p. 130. 11. Politics lo intan dan
chhuitute chu - Hobbes, Lockes leh Rousseau-te an ni. See detail in V.V. Rao, A
History of Political Theories, 1975, p.324-85.
12. Fred Milson, Political Education, 1980, p. 45
13. R. Vanlawma, Ka ram leh kei, 1972, p. 88.
14 A. Thanglura, Zoram Politics inlumlet dan, 1983, p.49-50
15. Chaltuahkhuma, History of Mizoram, ,1987, p. 414-21
16.Synod Publication Board, Mizo Hnam zia leh Khawtlang Nun siamthatna,
1989, p. 9'8-9.
17. L.M Singhvi Parliament and Administration in India, 1972, p. 34.
18. lvor Jenning, Parliament, 1970, p. 176. ,
19. Maurics Douverger, Political parties, 1979, p.413.
20. Harold J. Laski, Par1iamentary Government in English in England,
1979,p. 15
21. H. Vanlalhluna, Analytical Study of the Structure, Role and functioning of
the Mizoram legislative Assembly, 1972--198'4 (Doctoral Thesis), NEHU, 1988,
p. 198
22. Synod Khawmpui 1989 ,Mission Veng Biak In a neih tumin, Presbytery
pathum atangin, Upate politics khel chu an Ordination hlih ni rawh se; tih a lo lut
a. Mahse, pass a ni lo.
23. John Eidsmoe, God and Caeser (Christian faith and political action), 1984,
p. 57.
24. YMCA Mizoram Politics and Economy Mizo Kristiante thlir dan, 1990. p. 42-
43.
25 Synod pub1ication Board, Op. cit. ,p. 56.
 MIZ0RAM A POLITICAL PARTY AWM TAWHTE

A. National Parties . .
1. Congress (1961)
2. Socialist Party of India (1971)
3. Janata (1977)
4. Comnalis Party of India (1979)

B Major Regional Parties

1. Mizo Union (1946)
2. United Mizo Freedom Organisation. (1974)
3. Mizo National ~I'ont (196'1)
4. People's Conference (1975) .
C. Minor Regional Parties
1. Mizo Integration Party (1971)
2. Mizo National Union (971)
3. Mizo Labour Party (1973)
4. Mizo People's Party (1974)
5. Mizo Democratic Front (1976)
6. Mizo Convention (J 982)
7. Mizo Peace Forum (1984)
D. Factional Parties
l. Mizo Union Council (J 947)
2. Mizo Union Rigbt Wing (1956)
3. People's 'Conference B (1978),
E. Communal Parties
1. Tribal Union (Pawih&Lakher combined) (1948)
2. Mara Freedom Party (only Lakher or Mara) (1963)
3. Chin National Council (only Pawihte) (j 963)
4. Paihte Nationa, Council (only Paihte) (1962)
5. Chin National Front (only pawih) (1965)
6. United Pang People's Party (Pang Kin Tribe) (1974)
F. Party Alliances
1. Eastern India Tribaf Union (1957)
2. All Party HiUs Leader Conference (1961)
3. United Mizo Parliamentary Party (1970)
4. Mizo Integration Council (1979)
G. Party ding tharte
, 1. Mizo National Front (Democrats) (1988)
2. Democratic Party (1989)
3. Janata Dal (1990) .
 BUNG VIII
SEMINAR ON RAM HLUTNA LEH A HMAN
TANGKAI DAN
1. RAM HLUTNA LEH A HMAN TANGKAI DAN
(Utilization of Land Resource)

"In va luah tur ram chu, in lo chhuahna Aigupta ram, thlai huana chi
in tuha, in kea tui inleih thin na ang a ni lo va; in va luah tur ram chu, tlangte leh
ruam leh van ruahtui dawng ram a ni zawk a. Lalpa in Pathian zawn chhuah ram a
ni a; Lalpa in Pathian mit chu kum thar atanga a tawp thlengin a fu reng thin
(Deut. 11: 10-12)”.

Pathianin kan hnena a thuthlun chu ni ve chiah lo mah sela, tlangte leh ruam leh
van ruahtui dawng rama cheng kan ni a. Pathianzawn chhuah rama cheng kan ni
tih hi ring nghet tlat ila a tha awm e. Mizoram pharh zau zawng hi Switzerland
ram tiat ve zet a ni a; kum 1949-a Israel ram tiat kha a ni. Square Kilometre
21,000 chuang zeta zau a ni. Kilometre bial khat zela mihring 33 vel awm ang
kan ni a. Japan ramah chuan mi 314 zel an awm thung. Tin, mi pakhat zelin ram
acre 7.5 chang thei (Acreage per capita) ang kan ni a; Britain leh Japan-te chuan
acre khat ang pawhin an chang thei lo a ni. Lova neih tlak ram (per capita
cultivable Land) erawh chu, Japan ramah chuan mi pakhat zelin acre 0.2 anga ni
a, Britain-ah pawh acre 0.5 ang vel a ni.

Ram -leilung kan mamawh zat

Puitling pakhatin ni tina chaw a mamawhzat chhut chhuah

(standard nutrition unit - SNU) chu 2460 calories a ni a. Chaw (ricer leh be thlai
lam chinna atan ram hman a nih chuan, Japan-hote chuan SNU 6 atang 7 vel
acre khat zelah an thar chhuak thei a. Chunmi awmzia chu acre khat ramin mi
paruk emaw pasarih emaw achawm thei tihna a ni. Wheat chin na ramah erawh
chuan Unit 4 vel ani thunga. Bawng vulh nan leh thei chinna hmun atana erawh
chuan, SNU khat thar chhuak turin ram acre 2 aia tam a ngai thung a ni.
Thiamnate hmang lem lo chuan ram a duh zau va, Mizoram angah chuan khi-
tiang 1et hnih vel lai khi mamawh tura chhuta ni. Tlang ramah chuan, leilung
hman hlawk a har avang in ram zau zawk hman a tul a ni.

New Diet Chart (NDC) hisapna ang chuan, puitlng pakhat chaw ei tur
ni khat atana mamawh zat chu hetiang hi a ni:

1) Rice ............. 500 gm

2) Pulses ............ 50 gm
3) Sugar ............. 35 gm
4) Veg. /fruit... 250 gm
 Tin, Mizoramah a thar chhuah theih dan tlangpui chhut chhuah dan chu hetiang
hi a ni bawk:
..

1. Rice......................2000 kgs. per hectare

2. Fats ........................500 kgs. -do
3, Sugar...................2.500 kgs. -do
4. Veg./fruits.......... lO,OOO kgs -do
Hmun hrang hrangah lei that dan lehsik leh sate a danglam nasat em avangin, hetia
chhut chhuah hi chu a rinthu viau thei a. Statistic mumal leh survey tak takna kan
lo neih 1oh avangin, rin thiam dan hriat a harsa viau ani, Hetiang a hisap hian,
mihring nuai ruk (600000) tan chaw ei tur thar chhuah leh ram zau kan mamawh
dan chu hetiang hi a ni:

Ei tur Kum khat tla Ram zauzawng

tawk (tonne 1000) (hectare)
1. Grain 108.05 54250
2. Fats 7.6 19520
3. Sugar 9.88 3906
4. Veg.jfruit 54.7 54780
5. Pulses 10.8 10850
Total 143316

Tichuan, kan ram leilung hectare 1. 50,000 hi ei tura kan intodelhna

turin mamawh a ni. Ram zauzawng 7 percent zet chauh a ni. Ngun takin dap
chhuak ta ila, ram tha tawk hectare 1,50,000 chu a awm theiin a rinawm hle a.
Agriculture Department report dan chuan, Mizoram chhunga ram zawl, leileta
siam theih zawng zawng chu hectare 63.000 a ni. Hman vek hi ta sela chu metric
tonne 1 ,20,000 zet thar theihna ram a ni. Kan kum khatmamawh chu a ni zet mai.
Tunlai Science thiamna hmang chuan, hemi let hnih zet hi a thar thei a ni. Chuti a
nih chuan, ram hectare 30,00O-ah Mizoram kum khat buhfai mamawh chu a deh
chhuah theih tihna a ni.
Ram pianzia zirna
Ram pianzia (topography) hian kori a tu thui hle a. Tlangdung
hlira khat ram a nih avangin a awih dan leh pianzia zawng zawngte kan hriat
a tul a. Chu chu, hmasawnna tur ruahman nan pawh a tul a. Ram awihzawng
(gradient) hrang hrangah then fel veka, Map buatsaih ni se a tha hle ang. Tuna
chhut chhuah dan chuan, degree 0°- 8° thleng hian lei1et rama hman theih a ni a;
chutiang chu, hectare 63000 vel a ni a (report a ni a), zaa pathum (3 %) a ni.
England ram zirnaah Megregor chuan, degree sawmpariat (18) chin hi lo atan neih
theihah a ngai a. Amaherawhchu, Mizoram angah hi chuan, degree 40° thlengte hi
chu lovah kan hmang a, harsatna vak pawh a awm lo.
Hmun hniam leh san dan hrang hrangte hriat fel thlap ni sela, feet
5000 chung lamah chuan thlai tam tak a chin theih loh va, ngeih hauh lote pawh an
awm. Tin, ft. 5000 chin chung lam ram chu engtia zau nge awm, khawi hmunahte
nge an awma, degree engzata awih nge an nih hlawm tih pawh record vek tur a ni.
Chumi hmang chuan, ram hman dan tur kan ruahman fel thei zawk dawn a ni. Hei
hi entirna mai a ni a, Agriculture zooming an tih anga, ram leilung leh agriculture
inmilzawngte then fel vek ni sela, hna thawh dan tur pawh feltaka ruahman theih
a ni ang. '

Ram leilung chi hrang hranga then (Land classification) . Hetianga ram then
fel hi a tul em em a; hlawk zawka thil dehchhuah theihna tur leh, ram vawn that
theihna tur kawng ruahmanna atan a tangkai a.Hun a duh hnemin, senso pawha
hautak hle a ni. A tulna, chhan hrang hranga awm, a. Sawrkar leh mi mal ram
neih dante bithliah fel thlap theih nan a tul. Tin, ,sawrkarin ram a lak pawhin then
felsa ang zulzuia assessment siam theih nan, chhiah chawitir dan turte siam fel
theih nan a tul bawk. Ram humhalh leh siam that dan turte kaihhruaina mu mal tak
neih theih a tul bawk ani. Hetiang deuh hian then mumal ni sela.
1. Ram tha (Good quality),
a) A tha ber chi, ngawrh taka hman theih, buh chinna atana tha bik. '

b) A tha ve tho, thlai chi hrang hrang chin theihna.

c) Lei tha leh deh nuam; mahse, duh anga rem chang chiah lo hmun.
2. A tha laihawl (Medium quality)
a) Lei dip tha, tlo; mahse, leitak tha tlem deuh,
b) Huan leh thing chi phunna atana ram tha, lei chi hrang hrang inchawhpawlh.
3. Ram tha lo (Poor quality)
a) Tlang pang awih lutuk leh dum lutuk hmun.
b) Lei thaw lutuk leh me emaw, tiau vaivut lutuk emaw lai. '

c) Lung hmun lutuk leh ram chhengchhiate.

Hetianga ram class hrang hranga then a nih hian, chipchiar taka hrilhfiahna siam
thlap a ngai a: Engtia zau nge nia, khawi lai hmunte nge tih hriat theih mai tura
classification hi siam fel a ngai a ni. Kan ram lo neitute pawhin, ram tha en nan a
thingthlak dante (natural vegitation) an hmang thin. Hei pawh hi chhinchhiah
uluk ni se, tuna an Land Use Policy atan pawh hian a tangkai hlein a rinawm.
Entir nan Brjtain-ah chuan, ram tha kan tih mai ang khi 38. 7% a ni a. A tha
filawr bik chinna atana tha leh remchang chu 4.2% 'a ni. Tiang chuan, mumal
takin ram record an neia ni. .

Classification siam fel a nih hian, map buatsaih ni sela, vantlang

ramte (Public land), kawngpui te, Biak In, sikul leh thlanmual te chu rawng senin
chhinchhiah fel thlap tur a ni. Tin, tui awmna hmun reng reng -lui te, dil leh dum
te, tui lak kawng te, tuikhur te pawh chiang taka tihlan bawk tur a ni. Chu baka
chuan, lo atana hman baka ram hman dan tlangpui - khaw hmuna hman te,
theikung phunna ram te, huan hlun, thingpui leh Coffee chinna ang chi ram te,
thlai hnah leh rah chi ang chinna ram te, thing phunna ram te, lo atana tha ram
hman ngai loh te, thing hmun leh mau hmunte, phul hmun, ran tlatna tur ram chi
ang te chu mapah fiah takin lantir theih ni se a tha hle ang.
 Tin, kan thlai chin dan leh thar chhuah hrim hrim pawh hi survey a
ngai a. Fur, thal leh thlasik huna ram kan hman dante hi hriat thlapa, record tur a
ni. Entir nan : tunah hian Teak thing phun kan uar a; ram zau tak tak kan luah
khahtir a, a man a san em avang ani. Mahse, kum 30 emaw, 40 emaw hnu-ah hralh
theih chauh a lo ni a; Kum 40 zet mai cheng khat pawh hmu lova ram hmana vawi
khat hralha tawp leh vang vang mai a ni a; chu aia hlawka hman dan tur a awm
theiin a rinawm. Chu vangin, kan ram hman dan hi survey chian a tul a ni. Kum
1939 khan Britain pawhin chaw(food) a mamawh zaa 35 atanga 40 thar chhuak a,
1949-ah chuan, hemi let hnih hi tharchhuak thei ta a ni. Hei hi ram hman dan
survey(land utilization survey), ngun taka a neih vang ani (R.B Mandal,P.79).
Land record mumal taka siam hrim hrim pawh hian awmzia a nei thui hle.
Mizoramah ‘Cadastral Survey' ram neih dan, land occupancy survey) neih mek a
ni a, ram pum survey chhuah ni thuai sela a tha ngawt ang.

Ram neih dan chungchang (Land Holding Pattern)

Land and Revenue Acts kan neih hi vawi thum lai siam that a ni
tawh a. Tunah hian, Mizoram Land Revenue and Land Reform Bill, 1990 chu
ngaihtuah tura - dah that mek a ni. Ram inpek dan chi hnih a nghet lo leh a nghet
(Temporary and Permanent settlement) hi hman a ni a. Town area khawpui
chhung zawng zawngah hian, In hmun atan patta nghet pek theih ani . Agriculture
atan pawh temporary patta emaw, permanent patta emaw pek theih a ni. Acre 30
aia zau erawh chu, sawrkar phalna lo chuan patta tur a ni lo.
National Sample Survey, 37th Round Report atanga Mizoram
chhunga ram leilung kan neih dan chu hetiang hi a ni.

THINGTLANG (RURAL) 1983.

Ram neih zau zawng (Acre) Chhungkaw Zat Percentage
1. Ram nei 10 6560 9.68
2. 0.00- 0.49 6019 8.88
3. 0.50.- 1.24 11801 17.42
4. 1.25 - 4.99' 36459 53.80
5. 5.00 - 9.99 6184 9.09
6. 1000- a chung lam- 743 1.13
Total 67703 100
 KHAWPUI (URBAN) 1983
Ram neih zau Chhungkaw Percentage
zawng (Acre) zat
1. Ram nei lo 4185 39.60
2. 0.00 - 0.49 4968 47.00
3. 0.50 -. 1.24 302 22.86
4. 1.25 - 4.99 774 7.32
5. 5.00 - 9.99 302 2.80
6. 10.00- a chung lam 38 ., 0.36
Total 10569 100.00

Khawpui huam chhungah, ram nei hauh lo, zaa 40 lai awm hi chu a awm a. Ram
zau tak acre 10 chuang nei pawh an tlem hle. Amaherawhchu thingtlangah, - ram
nei lo vek dinhmun deuh thawa ngaihah, zaa 90 lai ram nei an ni a. Pass chi hrang
hrang leh patta-te chhiar tel vek ani. Thingtlang ram chin hi chu, vantlang ram
(common land) ani mai a; tuma lei leh hralh theih loh a ni a. A duh apiangin hman
theih a ni. Ram neih dan leh thingtIang nunphung a inzawm nghet em em a; dan
leh hrai pawh, ram leilung humhalhna nen thui tak a inlaichin thin a ni.

Ramhmasawnnain thingtlang nun hlawm khatna pawh a rawn su thiat zo

ta a. Ram neih lo neih atanga dehchhuah ring kan tlem tual tual a. Chu vang
chuan, kan ram neih leh kan nunphung inzawmna pawh a tlem tual tual ani.
Pawisa hlawh chhuah theihna kawng a lo pun tak avangin, a hralhtu aiin a leitu
kan tam a, ram pawn atanga chawk luh kan ring nasa ta em em a. Hei hian
khawtlang nunphunga ram humhalhna rilru pawh kha a tichhe hret hretin a
hriat bawk. Chutih lai chuan, Sum dawnna kawng hrang hrang kan dap chak em
em a. Teak, Coffee, Serthlum leh thlai chi hrang hrang hralhna a lo that tak
avangin, sumneite'n ram neih an intih hmuh bawk a. Thingtlang ram tam tak chu
hetiang atang hian, khawpuia mihausate'n an nei mek a. Chutiang chuan,
thingtlang hmun hrang hrangah eng chenin nge ram hi neih a nih tawh tih hriat
theihna Statistics a la awm rih lo va. Cadastral Survey-te peih fel a nih chuan ala
hriat theih ang chu.

Aizawl khawpui leh khaw lian deuh chhehvela ram tha lai zawng
zawng hi chu, mi mal ram a ni tih theih a ni. Thil dehchhuah nan (sources of
production) hman leh enkawla chei that pawh an ni hauh lo hlawm a. Sawrkarin
kum tin ram a lak (acquire) thin avangin, compensation atan sum tam tak a seng
ziah thin a. Chutiang beiseina avanga ram neih (speculative land holding) duhna
hi lo awm ani. Thil ti thei apiangin ram leilung man hi an rut hnem ta mai a ni.
Kut hnathawka ei zawng duhtute kawng dal tlat a nih bakah, sawrkar sum,
tul lo deuhvah luan raltirna a ni a; a tha lo hle a ni. Vantlang ram (Communal
land) emaw, sawrkar ram emaw ni si hian, a thenin ram an hralh reng a; michhe
zawkte'n ram an lei reng bawk site hi kal dan dik lo a ni.
Chu vangin, ram neih, tlawngawl mai maia awmtir hi a hlawk loh
theihna tura dansiam a ngai a ni. Ram a thata miin a hman that bawk chuan, chhiah
tam tak chawi pawhin a nei duh a; leilung hausakna a-hai chhuak a, chhiah tam tak
pek a ngaih chuan, miin ram a hman tangkai si loh chu a nei duh lo mai dawn a.
Chutiang chuan, chhiah, sang zawka lak ni se, ram neih duhamna hi a tlem deuh
ngeiin a rinawm. Mahni chenna hmun baka ram neih diah duah pawh hi, a hlawk
lo thei ang ber tura chhiah chawina dan hi siam a tha awm e. Tunah hian, New
Land Use Policy hnuaiah ram ngelnghet pek tura ruahman mek a ni a. Hei hi
privatization of land an tih ang hi a ni a; Revenue Bill thar pawh put luh tum mek
a ni. Mi ma1in ramnghet neih hi a thatna a awm a, ramnghetneitu ,chuan enkawla
chei that (improve) a duh a. Kum tin thlawhhma thar lak chuan, cheithatna hun a
awm loh bakah a tihchi loh a ni. Kum lehah hmun danga insawn chhuah 1eh mai a
nih chuan, chei that man a awm lo a ni. Amaherawhchu, pass nghet neia ram hralh
theih a nih chuan, mangan hunah ram hralh a awl em em a. Vai ramah pawh chu-
tiang chuan michhiate'n ram an hralh zo va, ram nei lovin, rethei takin mi bawihah
te hial tam tak an lut a ni. Chuvangin, mihausa kutah kan ram hi kan hralh zo mai
thei ve bawk a ni. A venna dan ngun taka siam a tha ang. '

Tlangkawmna
, Kan ramah mi zaa 70 lai loneitu, kut hnathawka ei zawng kan ni a.
Chuti chung chuan, thla 3 thla 4 tla khawp vel kan thar thei a; Japan ramangah te
chuan, zaa 11 chauh lo neia ei zawng an ni a.

An mamawh khawp an thar tho mai. Mihring, kan let 10 zetin an bit a, an
ram leilung, lo atana neih theih pawh zaa 14 chauh a ni. Agriculture Department chhut
chhuah danin Mizoram dinhmun chu hetiang hi ani. ,

Gradient,. Area (Hectare)

00-8° 50,021
8°- 20°' '87,824
20°- 50° 9,88,168
-50° ,9,88,369
others 50,000
Total 21,09,382

Degree 0°- 8° hi W.R.C. atan, 8°-. 20° hi terracing,' 200-50° hi

horticulture leh 50°chunglam hi ramngaw atan hman tura rawtna siam ani.
Tlangramah chuan, 33 % tal hi ram ngaw atan, Ecologist- hote chu an dah fur a ni
,.

an ti a. Degree 50° chung lam hi 46% zet a ni a, a tawk hle ang. Degree, 20 hnuai
lam hi chu, tha taka buhchinna atan enkawl theih a ni a; ram zauzawng 6.5 % a
nithung. Japan ram nen khaikhia ta ila, kan ram angin thawl ve ta sela chuan an
ram 104% chauh hmangin an intodelh dawn tihna a ni. Chu vangin, ram 6.5% neih
tlak ram tha a awm hi chu a, zau tawk a ni. Hman that kan thiam a tul hle a ni
ber mai.
Ram hnufual chawikan min tumna atangin, India sawrkari relief tam
tak min pe a. A thlawna tanpuina pawisa kan dawng nasa em em hian kan nunzia
(moral) min hlohtir nasa hle a ni. Rinawm taka thiltih leh hnathawh tum ai chuan
mi thawh chhuahsa rin a. Sum hailuhna kawngahkher kher chuan, dawt leh thu dik
lo hlir hman pawh hi thiangah kan ngai ta niin a lang. A pawi lovin kan hria a ni
mai thei a, kan nunzia hi enga anga hukin nge a eichhiat tawh hi chhut tham a
awm a ni.Kawngpui kan neih that lohna chhan te ramngaw kan humhalh that
theih loh te; leilet tha leh tui lakte kan neih lohna chhan bulpuiber pawh hi, mi
thawh atanga eitu (parisite) Kan tam tak em vang a ni. Mizo khawtlang
nunphung pangngai kha hlohvin, sum lak luh dan ngaihtuaha (survival system)
ringawt mai hi nunphung tur. emaw kan ti ve ang tih a hlauhawm. Kan chhehvelah
chuan a thleng vek tawh a; vai dawrkai chuan, a dawra thil lei apiang kha a titha
mai a ni.

Hnathawh taimak leh mahni intodelhte kan inzirtir thin hi a

lawmawm hle e. Nun a lo changkang a hnathawk lo kal kan tam tial tial a.
Kuthnathawk mite kan enhniam tawlh tawlh ta bawk. Mihausa, awm thei,
hnathawh ngai hauh lovin hna a thawh chuan kan ngaisang em em a. Hnathawk lo
pawh a awm thei lovin hna an thawk hi chu zahawm pawh kan ti. Amaherawhchu,
michhiat vang leh mamawh vang hrim hrima hnathawkte chu kan hmusit tlat a.
Hnathawk rau rauvah pawh, kan ei tur mamawh thawk tute, hlothlomite hi kan
hmusit zual a. Khawpuimite nuihzasiamna thin pawh an ni. Mihausa tawh phawt
chu, eng ang pawhin lo ding chhuak sela, an nungchang kan theihnghilh hma em
em a; an dam chhungin fak an hlawh hman ziah thin. Kan ro awmna apiangah rilru
pawh a awm thin naa, Pathian Kohhran hozinga tela, thilpekte kan tih that viau hian
inthawina tlingah kan ngai a, kan ngaih pawh a tha thei mai awm e. Ni tina kan thil tih
thin leh kan rilru innghahna tak tak hi kan nun chhiarna tur chu a ni si a. Hetiang hi kan
hun tawng leh kan nunphung a lo nih chuan, taima leh intodelh inzirtir pawh hi a harsa
hle dawn a ni. '

Sawiho turte
'- ,

1. Mimal ram nghet neih (Privatezation) hi Mizoram tan a tha zawk ang
em?
2 Mi malin ram kan neihte hmang chuang si lova dah ringawt hi, a tihbo
dan tur kawng zawn theih a ni ang em? ,

3 Tuna ram chhiah (land tax) kan lak dan hi tha tawk kan ti em?
4. Ram leilung hausakna (production) tun aia thazawka kan deh chhuah theih
dan tur sawi ho ni se.
5. Taima leh hnathawk tam tuin Mizo mipui hi engtia hruai nge tha ang?

RAM LEILUNG HMAN DAN LEH HMAN TANGKAI DAN .

1. Introduction(Ram leilung pawimawhna)

Leilung hi Pathianin mihringte chen nan a siam, kan ei leh bar leh kan mamawh
tinreng kan hai chhuhna tura min pek a ni a. A tel lo chuan khawvel nungcha
pakhat mah hi kan awm thei lo va; kan chenna leilung hausakna hai chhuak tura
tan la nasa leh a chhawr tangkai thiam, apiang hnam hausa an ni thin. Leilung
hmun tinah hian, a michengte intunnunna tur tawk hai chhuah tur Pathianin a lo
dah vek mai a. Ram thenkhat chu thing leh mauah an hausa a ram thenkhat
chu thillaih chhuah chi hrang hrangah an hausa a. Chutiang zel chuan ram hrang
hrangah thlaitha tha duh bik a awm leh thliah bawk a ni. Thillaihchhuah leh
.

thlai chinnalama remchang vak lo ramahte pawh, ranvulhna atana duhthusam te

,a lo awm leh tlat bawk thin. Hengte hi hre renga kan ram leilung awm dan leh a
hman tangkai theihdan dan tha ber ngaihtuah chunga, uluk taka ram leilung hi
kan ,enkawl a kan chhawr tangkai a tul tak zet a ni.

Khawi ramah pawh, leilung hi ram changkanna atana thil pawimawh

berte zinga pakhat a ni zel a. Ram hmasawnna leh thil siam chhuah leh thar
chhuah innghahna bul ani a. A bik takin, agriculture development phei hi chu ram
leilungah a innghat zual bik a. Ram leilung zau leh zau loh leh a that leh that loh
dan azirin, economic development te pawh hi a chakin a chak lo fo bawk thin a ni.
Tin, kan ram leilung azira hmanna dik leh tha ber uluk taka ngaihtuah chunga
hmalakna hi ram changkanna bul a ni fo thin. Thil siam chhuah tur tharchhuak tura
hmalaknate leh, ram mi chengte eizawnnaleh hmanraw chi hrang hrang hman dan
turte pawh hi, ram leilung azirin a danglam vek bawk a ni.

2., Ram leilung bman . dan~bungcbanga Mizorama hmalak tawhdan tlan~pui

Mizoram hi India rama State hrang hrang zingah Land Reforms leh
mumal taka ram neih dan leh lei man fel tak, siama, hmang hmasa ber zinga
pakhat a ni ve a. Lal lallai atang tawhin, khaw siam dan leh In hmun sem dan leh
a khaw hmun thlan danah plan (ruahmanna) fel tak an lo nei tawh thin a. Lo neih
dan leh ram sem dante leh, ram neitu tak hnena chhiah pek dan tur lamin, dan
mumal tak hmana a lo ni tawh thin. British sawrkar hnuaia kan awmhnu pawh
khan ram leilung chunga thuneihna leh a hman dan chungchangah. LAL thuneihna
kha chhuhsak an ni chuang lem lo.

Amaherawhchu ,India ram a lo independence hnu kum 1954~ah khan, "The

Assam Lushai Hills+District (Acquisition of Chiefs’ Rights) Act; 1954 (Assam
 Act. XXI of 1954), " hmangin lal thuneihna tihtawp a lo ni ta a. State kutah a lo
awm ta a ni A enkawI hna erawh chu District Council khan thuneihna
pumhmawma mahni hamthatna zawng mai lovin , loneitute hnenah ram neih
theihna dante a lo siam thlap hi a lawmawm hle a ni. Fel zawka leilung hman anih
theih nan, Distric Council te- khan ram leilung enkawlna hman dan vawi tam tak
an siam tha a. Heng an dan siamte hi Sixth Schedule paragraph 3-nain District
Council hnena, thuneihna a pekte bawhzuina an ni. Six Schedule of the
Constitution-in thuneihna lo pek angin, leilung hman dan relfel na atan Act 20 lai
passed a ni tawh nghe nghe a ni. Heng Dan (act) te hian- In hmun sem dan te, lei
man chungchang te, ramneitu nihna inhlanchhawn dan te, Lo a tana ram neih
theih dante, leiman chungchang te, Heng dan (act) te hian In hmun sem dante, lei
man chungchang te, ramneitu nihna inhlanchhawn dan te, Lo atana ram neih
theih dan te, thingtlang lo (jhum) neih dan bik chungchang te, ramhlutna chhut
dan te a huap vek bawk a ni.

3. Ram leilung hman dan chi hrang hrangte

Ram leillung hman dan hi a hun leh hmun azir te, an pianhmang te,
economic lama ram dinhmun te leh chin than dan leh ramro inrel dan azirte-in a
dang lam thei hle a. Kum 1949-50 hma lam kha chuan, India, ram leilung
hman dan chi 5-ah then a ni a. Amaherawhchu, kum 1948-a Ministry of Food and
Agriculture-in rawtna a siam angin, kum 1950-51 atang khan chi (9) –ah then a ni
ta a, chungte chu:-
1. Ramngaw '/ ' ,,>

2. Agriculture atan ni lo, thil dang atana hmante eg: house sites, roads, etc.
3. Ram chhengchhia leh hman tlak loh
4. Phul leh ran tlatna hmun atana hman te
5. Thing leh huan thlai phunna hmun te
6. Ram hman tlak hman lohva awm
7. Ramchhawr tlak, chhawrlohva awm mai mai te
8) Ram, hun eng emawti chhunghman loh lai lawk te
9) Kumn khat lek hman lohva dah te leh
10) Buh leh bal leh thlai chinna atana hman te an ni.

Kum 1985-a Mizoram dinhmun ,North Eastern Council buatsaih.

“Basic Statistic of North -Eastern Regions 1985"-a a lan dan chu hetiang, hi a ni:
1) Hman dan report zawng zawng-21,,08,000 hectares ' ,',

2) Ramngaw - 1,78,600 hectares

3) Ram chhengchhia leh hman tlak loh 20.100 hectares '

4) Phul leh ran tlatnahmun atana hman te

 5) Thing leh huanthlai phunna hmun te
6) Ram chhawr tlak, chhawr lohva awm mai mai te
7) Ram, hun eng emawti chhung hman loh lailawk te
8) Kum khat lek hman lohva dah te leh
9) Buh leh Bal leh thlai chinna atana hman te an ni.

Kum 1985-a Mizoram dinhmun, North Eastern Council buatsaih, “Basu

Statistics of North –Eastern Regions 1985"-a a lan dan chu hetiang hi a ni.
1) Hman dan report zawng zawng, ...............21,08.000 hectares.
2). Ramngaw , ...............................................1,78,600 hectares
3) Ram chhengchhia leh hmantlak loh …………… 20100 hectares
4) Phul leh ran tlatna hmun – 4,000 hectares.
5) Thingphun leh thei huana hman te
6) Ram hman tlak , hman lohva awm -74,000 hectares.
7) Hun eng emaw chen atana hman lohva dah -2,59,000 hectares '"

8) Kum khat lek hman lohva dah- 1,83,000 hectares

9) Agriculture tan nilo, Inhmun, kawng, etc, atana hman te -10,000 hectares
10) Thil chinna atana hman – 65,000 hectares (Net area sown).

No.10 na tang khan 63,000 hectares chu thingtlanglo neih (Shifting

cultivation) atan hman a ni a, hectares 2,000 chauh leilet atana hman chu niin a
lang. Kan table han lak chhuah hi a dik chiah a nih chu a rinawm lova; mahse, dik
thawkhatah chuan ngaih theih ni awm tak a ni a, He ta tanga chhut hian, 3.1 %
chauh buh leh bal chin nan hman a ni tih kan hmu a, lndia hmarchhak State
zingah ei leh bar tur haichhuahnaa tana ram leilung hmang tlem ber leh hmang
tangkai lo ber kan ni nghe nghe a. Hei hian ei leh bara kan intodelh lohna chhan
leh leh tan lak nasat a tulzia a tilang chiang hle.
4. Economic Development atan ram leilung hman tangkai pawimawhna

Ram hnufual (under developed) ah reng reng chuan, mihring

pung chak lutuk leh ei leh bar (food grains) tur thar chhuan pungchak si lo avanga
harsatna a awm chawk thin a. He harsatna hi Mizoram pawhin a tawng chho mek
zel ani. Hetiang dinhmuna dingte tan hian a bul tan dik a pawimawh hle thin a. A
bul tan dik loh chuan than kin chin leh tlakhniam leh hun a awm fo thin a ni. A bul
berah chuan, a rama cheng mipui tam berin eizawnna atana an hman, economic
sector tihchangkan a tul a. A tlangpui thuah hetiang ram hnufual ah hian
Agriculture-a ei zawng an tam ber laiin, ei leh barah an intodelh lo fo bawk thin a
ni.
. Chu vangin, ram mipuiin ei leh bar a an rinpui ber (staple food)-a
intodelh atul hmasa ber thin a ni. Mizote hian buh (rice) hi kan chaw rinpui ber a
niin, a tel lo chuan kan awm thei lova; chutih Iai chuan, kan mamawh zawng
zawng hmun sawma thena hmun li emaw chauh keimahni’n kan thar chhuak a; a
dang zawng chu ram dang atangin chawk luh a ngai a. Ram dang leh hnam dang
buh thar chhuah ring kan nih avang hian nasa takin kan khawvel thlir dan leh kan
rilru a hniam phah a ni.
-,

Mizorama kut hnathawk Za-a sawmsarih vel hi loneimi an niin, lo

atana kan hman zawng zawng ram (area of principal Crops)83% vel hi buh chinna
hmun a ni a. Tin, lo atanga thar chuah zawng zawng 73% vel chu buh (rice) a ni
bawk. Amah erawhchu,kum tinin buh leh bal chin nana kan ram hman area a
tlahniam zel a,mihring erawhchu manganthlak khawpin kanpung chaka ni.
Hetiang renga kan kaI chuan, ei leh bar leh kan economic dinhmun hi a tla hniam
tial tial dawn tih hi hairual a ni lo.

Ei leh bara kan harsatna hi kan vei tlang hle a. suggestion hrang
hrang pawh kan siam nual tawh hlawmin a lang a. Chung rawtna zingah chuan, ei
leh bara kan rinpui ber - chaw hi, thil danga thlak (Dietary change) hi rawtna tam
pawl tak a niin a lang. Nimahsela, chaw a lo rin laklawh tawh thlak hi tih mai chi
a ni lo va; Development level a san dan ang zela zawi zawia thlak theih chauh
ani. Development level sangzawnga chuangkai tur chuan. Kan rinpui ber - buhah
hian kan intodelh phawt a tul tlat si Chu vang chuan, ram leilung hman dan chi
hrang hrang zingah hian, ei leh bar tur a tam thei ang ber thar chhuak tura tan lak
leh, kan ram leilung hi chutiang atana hman tangkai dan kan ngaihtuah hmasak a
pawimawh a. Chu vang chuan, Agricultural Land Use Pattern (Agriculture atana
leilung hman dan) kan thlur bing dawn a ni.

5. Tun aia tha zawk leh tangkai zawka ram leilung hmang thiam tura thil
pawimawh

Mizoram hi tlangram a nih avangin, kan ram leilung, tangkai zawk

leh productive zawka hmang tur chuan, kawng tam taka tan lak leh uluk taka
ngaihtuahna hman a tul a. Tanlakna pawimawh zawng zawng chu kan sawi seng
kher lo vang a; amahrawhchu, heng a hnuaia tar lante hi kan hmalakna tur atana
thil pawimawh zual deuhte leh development hawizawnga ram leilung hmang thei
tura tan lakna pawimawh tak tak vek an ni.

(1) Thawhrimna : Mizote'n kan tlakchham em em leh kan ram tihnufualtu chu. -
thawhrimna kan tla chham lutuk hi a ni a. Thawk hah lova neinung tak nih kan
tum fur mai a. Chutiang chu thil tih theih a nih si loh avangin a theih ang ang a a
dik leh dik lo pawh thlu lova sum lak luh duhna a hring a. Kristian ram e ti lovin,
kan Bible-in thawk rim tura min zirtirna hi chu engah mah kan ngai mang lo ni te
pawhin a ngaih theih rum rum mai. Thawhrimna nen chauh kan ram leilung hi kan
hmang tangkai theiin, a hausakna pawh kan hai chhuak thei a ni tih hriat a
pawimawh hle mai. Tunah hian kan ram mipui 40 % chauh hian kut hnathawkin
ei an zawng a, chungte lah chuan tihtakzetna an tlachham rih hle mai si a. Tun aia
nasa zawka hna kan thawh theihna tura tan lak a tul tak zet a ni.
(2) Thlawhhmazauh a tul: Kan sawi tak ang khan, kan ramleilung hman lai
3.1% chauh buh leh bal chin nan kan hmang a. India hmarchhak state zingah
buh leh bal chin nana ram, hmang tlem ber kan ni a. Hei hi kut hnathawk peih lo
leh thawh mumal nei lova awm mai mai kan tam bakah, kan thlawhhma laka zim
lutuk vang a ni ber a. Tlangram lo neih (Jhum cultivation)-ah hian, hnathawktu
pakhatin tin thum hmun a enkawl theih laiin, tun dinhmunah chuan, hnathawktu
pakhatin tin khat hmun enkawl zel ang a ni a. Leiletah pawh hnathawktu pakhatin
tin khat hmun enkawl zel ang tho a ni bawk. Mi pakhatin tin thum hmun, tal chu
enkawl se tun ai hian hnathawktu tam -chuang lo mah se, buh leh bal chinna hmun
zawng zawng 1,30,000 hectares-in a zau belh hle dawn tihna a ni a. A vaiin
1,95,OOO hectares chu buh leh bal chinna hmun a lo ni dawn a. North Eastern
State zingah chuan buh leh bal chinna atan a ram hmang zau ber pathumna kan ni,
dawn a ni Tin, hectare khatah buhfai 14.35 quintals thar zel ang a ni a. Kan ram
chu ei leh barah chuan kan intodelh mai ni lovin, hralhchhuah tur kan nei thei hial
dawn a ni.

Chu bakah chuan labour productivity a lo pung awk dawn tihna a

nia. Mi pakhat zel Thawchhuah a pun chuan, per capita. income a lo pung ang a
kan ram chu North-Eastern State mai bakah India rama State changkang pawl a ni
thei dawn a ni.

(3) Thingtlang lo'neih hi vawilehkhata bansanmai lovin. IImun thenkbatah

chuan chhunzawm zel a tha: A pawng a takin, thingtlang lo neih (Jhum,)
hibansan kan inzirtir ngawr ngawr a. A thlakna tha zawk zawn kawngah erawh
chuan kan chak lo hle thung. Shifting cultivation-ah hian kawng hrang hrangah
natural resources a tangkai thei ang bera hman theih ni a. Thlai chi hrang hrang,
buh rualin a chin theih a. Tin, thlai thenkhat nun hun a rei lo va, a then a .seng a
hun har deuh va. Buh than duh hun ai takin thlai dangthenkhat an lo thiin an tawih
tawh a; chu chuan buh a chawm 1eh hlauh thung thin.

Chu bakah kum 7 atanga a aia rei 1entir theihna hmunah chuan,
thingtlanglo neih hian ram a ti chhe vak lem lova. Tin, pi pu atanga kan lo chin
dam anih tawh avangin, a chinchang kan hriat chian ber a ni a. Thingt1ang loneih
aia buh leh bal tha azir zela zawi zawia bansan chi chauh a ni. Chuti lo chuan, a
bansan lam campaign chak viau sia, a thlakna tha leh a tih dan zirtirna tha tawk
kan neih si loh chuan, chhiat lehzual chauh kan hmabak thei tlat ani.

-,
(4) Hmun zawl tha-leh Tlang pang hmun rem deuhte Lo ngheta siam: Hun lo
kal zelah, tlangram lo neih (shiftingcultivation) hi chhunzawm ze1 tlak ani dawn
lo va. Mihring lo pung zel hian, Land Man ratio a titlahniam zel a, Jhum Cy'cle a
tawi tual tual a, leithatna a tlahniam tial tial thin. Chu vangin, a theihna hmun
apiangah, kumkhuaa hman tlak tur leh thangthar zelin an rochua tlak lo neih dan
changkang zawk tih dawnpawha dawng thei tur kan buatsaih chhoh zel a ngai ani.

Tin, hnathawktu thawh chhuah theih zat(Labour productivity) hi

tlangram lo neihah aiin, leiletah a tha zawk a. Thingtlang lovah mi pakhatin 5.5
qtls. a thawh chhuah laiin, leiletah chuan 6.85 qtls. A thawk chhuak thei ani.
Leileta labour productivity chu tlangram lova labour productivity let 1.25. a nih
chu.
Tin, leilung thar chhuah theih zat (Land productivity)pawh,
thingtlang lovah ai chuan, leiletah a sang zawk a. A sang zawk mai ni lovin,
hniam vak lehsan vak a nei chuang lo va, a innghah tlak zawk bawk a ni.
- Land leh Labour productivity a san mai bakah, leiletah hian
"Increasing returns of land and labour,” awm a. “increasing returns to scale."
hmuhchhuah a ni bawk. Hetih lai hian thingtlang loah chuan "Diminishing Returns
to Land and Labour” a awm bakah, 'Diminishing Returns to Scale,' a awm a ni tih
hmuhchhuah a ni a. Hei hian, thingtlang lo neih dan kalsana, leilet hmanga lo neih
dan ngaihtuah hi, a senso tam mahse, a hlawkna hian a senso chu a1a khuh vek
dawn tih a tilang a ni.
Amaherawhchu, Terace te tak tak te siam emaw lo neitute hnena
kum tina pawisa Rs.5,000 vel pea tihhlawhtlin mai chi a ni lo va. A senso tur a
tam in hun a duh rei dawn a ni.
(5) Power leh Irrigation: Kan ramah hian thlawh hma a neih tlak ram thate hi
chu, lui aiin a sang zawk vek a. . Chu vang ehuan, phaizawla a kawng laiha tui lak
,mai theihna chu, hmun t1em tlem chauh a ni a. Kum tina lova kan neih thin
65,000 heqtares~ai hian, 2,000 hectares-ah, chauh hian tui lak theih a ni a. Tlang
sang, awih lutuk lo deuhte lei1et tih tlaka siam tur chuan, tui supply a that a tul si
avangin, lo nghet neia ei leh bar tur thawh chhuah a harsat phah a. 'Tui lak tur
awm lo van ruahtui ringa tlang pang leilet hi ala hlawhtling thei meuh lo a ni.
Heng hmunahte hian lo nghet nei thei tur chuan, tuia chawm theh dan ngaihtuah a
ngai a. Heng hmuna tui la tur chuan, power supply tha kan mamawh a. Kan rama
power resourses kan neihte hi chhawr thciha siam a nih hun chuan, tlang pang
leilet hlawhtling tak leh hlawk tal kan nei thei ngei ang. Tui lak tur a awmna-ah
chuan, zawl leilet ang thovin tlang pang leilet hi a hlawk a ni tih hmuh Chhuah a
ni tawh bawk a ni. .
(6) Sawrkar hmalakna leh hmalak dan dik a pawi mawh : Kan ram rethei lutuk
leh ei leh bara kan intodelh lo lutuk hi kan vei tlangin, kan ram lei lungte, tangkai
zawk leh rah chhuah tam tur zawnga kan hman theih nan, Mizoram sawrkar
pawhin nasatakin tan a la thin a. Kum 1985-90 chhung khan, Rural Development
atan cheng nuai 2365 vel hman ral a ni a. Hei hian Jhum Control/NLUP a huap lo.

Amaherawhchu, heng programme-te leh Jhum Control NLUP te hian,

rah a chhuah rih lo hle a, Sawrkarin a hmanna tura a ruahman anga hman mai ai in
thil danga kal ral hi a let tam takin a tam zawk niin a lang: Mi 10 vel lo nghet (Wet
rice cultivation) atana tanpuina hmu zinga kan intervew te chuan, kum thum
chhung lekin leilet puitling leh phur ,70 thar tan tawhte siamin an insawi a. Hei
vang ni ngei tur a ni, Agriculture Director pawhin "Mizoram on way to Self
Sufficiency in Food,” tih a ziakah khan “… Cultivation can bring one hectare o
virgine into paddy field within a span of three years,” tia ziak chhan kha.

Thahnemngai taka thawktue hi an khawngaihthlak ngei mai. Siam an

tumte’n an bum avangin, “Food grains output likely to be 170 million Tonnes,”
tite-in beisei sang tak an nei a. Nimahsela, Chunga kan han sawi takte zingah pawh
khian a tak hmuh tur lam a awm tlat lo mai a. Ram leilung hausakna hai chhuah chu a hla
viau mai.

Hengte avang hian sawrkar hian hnathawk tha leh a taka thilti
tanpui tlak hi tanpui sela, rethei apiang puihna pe lovin, "Mi tin an thiltih ang
zelin," tih thupuia hmangin tanpuina pek ni se hna thawk tha apiang sawrkarin
atanpui tih kan hriat hun chuan, hnathawh thatah kan inel tawh ang a. “work
incentive," tha tak a nih a rinawm a ni.

Lo neih dan tha zawka kan pakai hma pawh, thawhrimnain kan ram
leilung atang ngei hian kan intodelh thei a ni.
\

(7) Public/Social Education: Kan han sawi takte atang khian ram 1eilung
hmang tangkai tur leh rah tha, chhuahtir tur chuan a michengte kan
pawlmawhzai lang chiang hlawm e. Tuna sawrkar hmalaknate leh ram leilung
ram leilung hman tangkai dan hrim hrimah hian mipuite kan la bangbo rihin, a
pawimawhna kan la hre tawk lo va, kuttlinglova ei hmuh tum hnam retheihna
leh boralna a nihzia kan la man pha lo niin a lang. Ram dang thawh chhuah saa
innghata, a khabeliam nghak lovin, kan ram leilung ngei atang hian kan
mamawhte kan thawk chhuak thei a ni tih leh, tan lak dan uluk zawka kan
inzirtir a pawimawh a ni.
 Heta tan la tur hian sawrkar ringawt ring lovin, mihmangchanghria
leh social organisation-te leh Kohhran tinte hian, mawh kan lak ngam a pawimawh
hle ang. Mizo chu Kristian deuh vek kan nih avangin, kan society- Kristian society
a ni a; chu vang chuan, Kohhrante hian nasa takin kan ram leilung hman dan tha
zirtirna kawngah hian hma kan la theiin, rah a chhuah ngei pawh a rinawm a ni.

6. Tlangkawmna

Mizoram tlangram thengthaw leh boruak hrisel ram leilung tha leh
buh leh bal, thlai tin reng thatna hmunah hian, mirethei leh harsa te te kan cheng
tlat mai hi a inhmeh lo va. Hnam dang chim ralte hi kan hlau hle a, tun dinhmunah
chuan a hlauhawm reng a. Hnam dangte hian ram leilung hman chung changah
kan chanvo (right) neih ang hi nei sela chuan, rang taka thawhrimna avanga chim
ral mai theih kan ni reng a; amaherawhchu, chim ral kan hl au tak zet a nih chuan,
a venna tha ber chu kan ram leilung atang ngeia kan mamawh tinrengte hai
chhuaha, kan economic dinhmun 10 siam that hi a ni. Hnam changkang hi tu
ma'n an chim ral mai ngai lo. Hnam dang lo lut thin mah se kan hnam a changkan
miau chuan, kan hnathawktu, malsawmna an ni mai dawn a ni. Heng kan han sawi
takte hi puitling a nih chuan, tun aia ram hmang tlem siah buh leh bal kan thar
tam zawk ang a. Tin, Agriculture bakah kawng tam takin ram leilung hi kan
hmang tangkai thei dawn a ni.
Sawi ho turte
1. Ram leilung kan hman tangkai tawk lohna chhan ber hi engte nge ni
ang le?
2. Thawk rim tur leh, ram leilung hausakna hai chhuak tura mipui zirtir hi
Kohhrante'n kan tih awm a ni em ?
3. NLBP leh Rural Development Programme chi hrang hrang kan hman
lai mekte hi, tum mumal tha tak nei leh programme tha tak ni si, eng
vanga rah hmuh tur nei tlem riau nge a nih?
4, Ram leilung tun, aia tangkai zawka hmang tur chuan, engtin nge mipui
rilru hneh theih dan tha ber engte nge ni ang?
 Reference

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