Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
IJETSR
www.ijetsr.com
ISSN 2394 – 3386
Volume 5, Issue 3
March 2018
1 2
Akash V. Ochawar and Prof. Amol B. Gaikwad
1
PG Student - Mechanical (Design Engineering) Department. Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune.
2
Professor- Mechanical Engineering Department. Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune.
Dr. D.Y. Patil School of Engineering, Lohegaon, Pune
Abstract: This project is the study of brake system for system. Statistics indicate[4], that truck tractors
reducing noise and grabbing. Brake system in trucks are pulling semi-trailers accounted for 63% of the
crucial for ensuring the safety of vehicles and passengers trucks involved in fatal crashes and about 47% of
on the roadways. Brake defects such as noise and the trucks involved in non fatal crashes. About 25%
grabbing are a major cause of accidents involving of the crashes involving trucks is due to brake
trucks. noise and grabbing in the air brake systems affect deficiency and brake deficiency accounted for 39%
braking performance drastically by decreasing the peak of the total one-vehicle crashes.
braking pressure attained and also increasing the time
required attaining the same, thereby resulting in longer The modification done in the present work is
stopping distance. Hence there is need for detecting simulated using modeling and analysis software
noise in an air brake system and causes of grabbing. packages. here we have used CATIA V5 for
Efforts are made in the project to eliminate these two modeling and ANSYS 16 for analysis.
problems.
Keywords: Grabbing, Noise, drum brake system, coil
spring design, Analysis
II. Literature Survey
Literature review contains the overview of the
parameterization of drum brake ,design of drum
I. Introduction brake, experimental investigation of drum brake
Air brake systems are used in heavy commercial performance. following literature review contains
vehicles like buses, straight trucks and combination key points of present work in this field.
vehicles such as tractor-trailers[1]. More than 85% A.V. Pobedin , et al. [1] Describes the problem of
of the commercial vehicles are equipped with S- reducing car noise level. The rate of passenger cars
cam drum brakes[2]. Proper functioning of the with operating life of 10-20 years is 28% of vehicle
brake system of a commercial vehicle is critical not fleet and the noise level of these cars usually
only from the safety view-point of the vehicle itself, doesn’t meet active sanitary standards. A range of
but also for other vehicles and passengers in traffic. experimental researches of the noise emissions of
Any accident involving a commercial vehicle the passenger car individual elements – engine,
results not only in economic loss of the goods gearbox, propeller shaft, differential, exhaust
transported but also loss of life. system. This method allows to set required
As air brake systems are highly sensitive to characteristics of noise level of vehicles at the
maintenance, periodic maintenance and inspection engineering stage. Method for calculation
procedures have to be strictly followed[3]. probabilistic evaluation of noise generated by car
Accidents involving commercial vehicles rarely units was proposed taking into account results of
occur due to brake failures but occur frequently due research. The mathematical model for computation
to brake defects. Typical brake related defects of the expected noise into the passenger car cabin
include oversize drums, worn out brake linings, out- was created. This mathematical model provides
of-adjustment push rod strokes and leaks in the obtaining of both mathematical expectation of noise
levels of each aggregate, its spectral components standard ISO 362. As a result of more recent
and corresponding dispersions. On computation of investigations of urban traffic, a revision to the ISO
noise spectral components from each source in one- 362 standard has been proposed that includes a
third octave bands of frequencies with evaluation of constant-speed test in addition to the traditional
probable dispersion of its values (confidence accelerated test in order to determine the pass-by
intervals) even at the car design stage, was created. noise value. To ensure compliance with the pass-by
At the engineering stage it provides setting of noise test vehicle manufacturers and suppliers must
required characteristics of the whole car and car quantify vehicle noise source characteristics during
mechanisms noise emission. the design stage of the vehicleVehicle pass-by noise
Mario Triches Junior, et al [2] The application of is analysed in the time and frequency domains and a
complex eigen value analysis in a finite element ranking of the noise source contributions is
model of a commercial brake system. The effect of established. The characteristics of the four major
the operational parameters (friction coefficient, noise sources (engine, intake system, exhaust
braking pressure and brake temperature) and wear system, tyre/road system) contributing to pass-by
on the dynamic stability of the brake system is noise as well as current prediction methods are
examined. After identifying unstable frequencies reviewed Four major noise sources contribute
and the behaviour of the brake system under significantly to the pass-by noise level: engine,
different conditions, the performance of some intake system, exhaust system and the tyre/road
control methods are tested. Changes in material system.
properties and the application of brake noise Na Liu, Zhongcai Zheng*, Yalan Wu, Xiangan
insulators are presented and their effects discussed. Kong, Hang Ding[5] in "finite element analysis of
The results show that the effect of brake drum brake assembly" first brake drum assembly 3d
temperature changes the coupling mechanisms model including brake drum, brake shoe, brake
between rotor and pad, which in some case scan be block, and friction plate was established; then finite
useful in order to reduce the instabilities and element analysis of drum brake assembly was made,
generated noise. considering the friction between assemblies as well
Oliviero Giannini , et al [3] Measurements as the relative sliding between brake shoe and brake
performed on it to characterize its dynamical block, brake block and friction plate. The
behavior and its squeal behavior. The tests are simulation
aimed at identifying the key parameters controlling Of automobile’s braking was relatively authentic,
the squeal phenomenon that are necessary to build a drum brake’s stress and displacement deformation
model of the setup. The experimental analysis on at work was analyzed. The results showed that with
identifies several characteristics that lead to fixed brake drum, left and right brake shoes’ load
instabilities and correlates them with the operating was completely symmetric, stress and displacement
parameters as well as with the dynamic behavior of distribution was also completely symmetric; in the
the system. Measurements also highlight that the process of braking, one side brake shoe’s stress and
pad dynamics have a key role in the selection of the displacement were obviously bigger than the other
squealing modes at one of the out-of-plane eigen side, max stress occurred on one side brake shoe’s
frequency of the system the description of the setup internal end face.
as well as the measurements performed to
characterize its dynamic behavior under squeal
III. Basic Components
conditions is presented. This phenomenon is
common to both drum and disc configurations and 1.Brake System
concerns both train and automotive brakes. S-cam drum brakes are the most commonly used
Therefore, the geometry and the dimension of brake configuration in commercial vehicles. They
brakes can vary widely, thus leading to very are also commonly referred as foundation brakes as
different sets of squeal frequencies and associated they perform the actual braking function in the
modes. system. The drum brakes are mounted on the drive
M.E. Braun , et al. [4] the vehicle pass-by noise shaft of the axles. A typical drum brake assembly is
test is implemented according to the international illustrated in Fig.
Na =
Spring Index, c =
∗ . ∗ .
Na = . . ∗ .
.
c=
.
Na = 29.99=30
c = 7.28
Wahl's Stress correction factor X,
3.Spring Constant (K) is Defined as load required
per unit deflection of spring. Mathematically, X= -
∗ .
k= = X= ∗ .
- .
as the k value is 3.2 N/mm the maximum load X = 1.2
spring can take is So,
IX. References
[1] A.V. Pobedin , et al. “Computational Probabilistic
Evaluation Of Passenger Cars Noise Level”
International Conference on Industrial Engineering,
ICIE 2017 , Procedia Engineering 206 (2017) 1558–
1563
[2] Mario Triches Junior, et al. “Analysis of brake squeal
noise using the finite element method” Federal
University of Santa Catarina, Mechanical
Fig 9 Maximum shear stress Engineering Department, Acoustics and Vibration
Laboratories, University Campus,Trindade, CEP PA, USA, Journal of Sound and Vibration 292
88040-900, Floriano´ polis, SC, Brazil, Applied (2006) 1–20.
Acoustics 69 (2008) 147–162. [4] M.E. Braun , et al. “Noise source characteristics in
[3] Oliviero Giannini , et al. “Experimental analysis of the ISO 362 vehicle pass-by noise test” Department
brake squeal noise on a laboratory brake setup” a of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering,
Department of Mechanics and Aeronautics, Loughborough University, Loughborough,
University of Rome ‘‘la Sapienza’’, Via Eudossiana, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK b dB(A) FAST Ltd.,
18-00184 Rome, Italy Mechanical Engineering Runcorn, Cheshire, UK. 6 June 2013
Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, [5] R.S.Khurmi and J.K. Gupta"A textbook of Machin
design"