INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA DISTRITAL TÉCNICA BILINGÜE Código: F-GA

JORGE NICOLÁS ABELLO

Versión Nº: 02
Educamos con calidad y fe para la
Fecha : 17-03-2020
autonomía y la productividad
Guía de Aprendizaje Página 1 de 1
Barranquilla – Atlántico

1. IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA GUIA DE APRENDIZAJE

ÁREA: CIENCIAS NATURALES - BIOLOGY GRADO: 8°
TEMA: DNA AS THE GENETIC MATERIAL. FECHA: septiembre 29 de 2020
APRENDIZAJE:
Students will be able to identify the structure and functions of DNA and explain the role of DNA in storing
and transmitting cellular information.
INSTRUCCIONES GENERALES:
In this guide you will find a series of concepts and activities related to the DNA as the genetic material. You will
be able to use some audiovisual help links that will allow you to have more clarity on the concepts related to
the subject, also, you will carry out exercises to strengthen the vocabulary of the unit.

2. ¿QUÉ VOY A APRENDER?

Science background
1. Predict: “Have you ever received a message from a friend that was in secret code? How did you
figure out what the message said?”
2. Explain: a. Explain how some traits are inherited.
b. Describe at least two traits that you inherited from one of your parents.
3. Apply: explain the difference between identical twins and fraternal twins. Include in your answer
how they form and their genetic makeup
4. Vocabulary

Inherited characteristic – genetics – heredity -

genome – chromosome – gene – allele –
genotype - phenotype

Conceptual synthesis
DNA provides the instructions for building and operating all living things. The DNA
instructions are divided into segments called genes. Each gene provides the
information for making a protein, which carries out a specifi c function in the cell.
A molecule of DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) is composed of two backbones and
four types of chemical bases. The backbone is formed by a chain of alternating
phosphates and sugars. Each sugar molecule in the backbone provides an
attachment site for one of the chemical bases. The four types of chemical bases
are: adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. They usually are represented by their
fi rst letters: A, T, C and G. The bases form pairs in a very specifi c way: A always
pairs with T, and C always pairs with G. A pair of bases is connected by hydrogen
bonds. Each base in the pair is also connected to a sugar compound in the DNA
backbone.
A DNA molecule is often compared to a ladder, with the two backbones forming the sides of the ladder and
the base pairs forming the steps, or rungs. However, instead of a straight ladder, DNA
looks like a twisted ladder, known as a double helix (“double” for the two
backbones). The DNA sequence is the consecutive order of bases on one side, or
strand, of the twisted ladder. The other strand has a complementary sequence
determined by the base pairing rules.
The specifi c matching of the base pairs, A with T and C with G, provides a way for
exact copies of DNA to be made. This process is called DNA replication. In DNA
replication, the double helix ladder is untwisted and the two strands are separated by
breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. Next, two new strands are
made by reading each side of the DNA ladder, one step (base) at a time. At each step,
the matching base fi lls in (with its associated sugar and phosphate) to complete the
rung and lengthen the new DNA strand.
When the process is complete, there are two identical DNA double helices, each
containing one original and one new strand. DNA replication is an important part of
the cell division process. Before a cell divides, it fi rst duplicates its DNA so that the
new cell will have the same genetic information. The specifi c base pair matching

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Sede N°2 Calle 64 N°24B-82 Barrio Los Andes, Barranquilla, Atlántico. Teléfono 3651005
 INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA DISTRITAL TÉCNICA BILINGÜE Código: F-GA
JORGE NICOLÁS ABELLO
Versión Nº: 02
Educamos con calidad y fe para la
Fecha : 17-03-2020
autonomía y la productividad
Guía de Aprendizaje Página 2 de 1
Barranquilla – Atlántico

during replication ensures that exact DNA copies are made.

BIBLIOGRAFÍA
Walpole, B; Merson-Davies,A; Dann,L. BIology for the diploma. Cambridge University press’s
Web sites
http://www.nea.org/tools/lessons/57661.htm

3. PRACTICO LO QUE APRENDÍ

1. Label the diagram below with the following choices:

Nucleotide, Deoxyribose, Hydrogen bond, Phosphate group, Nitrogenous base

2. Label the nucleotides (A,T,G,C) in the DNA molecule below

Complete each sentence

3. Guanine, cytosine, thymine and __________________ are the four _______________________ in DNA.
4. In DNA, guanine always forms hydrogen bonds with ________________________.

Answer the questions

5. What does DNA mean? ______________________________
6. Where is DNA found? _____________________________
7. Which enzyme is responsible for “unzipping” the DNA double helix? _____________________________
8. Which enzyme is responsible of creating the two new copies of DNA? ___________________________
9. Why is DNA replication important to the growth and development of a multi-cellular organism?

Sede N°1 Carrera 25 N°57-06 Barrio Los Andes, Barranquilla (Atlántico) Teléfono 3700628-3721283
Sede N°2 Calle 64 N°24B-82 Barrio Los Andes, Barranquilla, Atlántico. Teléfono 3651005
 INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA DISTRITAL TÉCNICA BILINGÜE Código: F-GA
JORGE NICOLÁS ABELLO
Versión Nº: 02
Educamos con calidad y fe para la
Fecha : 17-03-2020
autonomía y la productividad
Guía de Aprendizaje Página 3 de 1
Barranquilla – Atlántico

10. Complete the diagram on the left and create the two copies of DNA. Then complete the diagram on the
right and circle the replication errors in the copies.
DNA Correctly copied DNA Incorrectly copied

A C C A C G
G A A T A T
C G G C G C
T C C C C G
A T T A T A
T A A T T T
A C C G G G

Answer the questions

11. What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

12. What is the RNA strand that would be copied from this DNA strand?

A C G G A T A G C A A G C T T C

4. ¿CÓMO SÉ QUE APRENDÍ?

 Una vez expuesta la síntesis conceptual que explica las temáticas a desarrollar los estudiantes
procederán a realizar las actividades propuestas.

• En los encuentros de clases virtuales se colocará un video explicativo y/o un Power point de la
temática, una vez termine el video o la explicación, los estudiantes compartirán sus inquietudes con su
docente y sus compañeros, esta será una oportunidad para afianzar los conocimientos, aclarar dudas y
retroalimentar las actividades planteadas.

5. ¿QUÉ APRENDÍ?
Self-evaluation.
Answer the following questions:
1. What I LEARNED?
2. Can I list the three main ideas about DNA structure?
3. Did I understand how are bases paired?
4. Which were the main difficulties faced in the unit?

Al evaluar el docente tendrá en cuenta los siguientes ítems.

El estudiante profundiza, contextualiza El estudiante desarrolla las actividades El estudiante participa en las clases
y aplica los conceptos de la temática de la guía de trabajo y la entrega virtuales, respeta las normas establecidas
desarrollada. oportunamente. y realiza su autoevaluación.

40% 35% 25 %

Sede N°1 Carrera 25 N°57-06 Barrio Los Andes, Barranquilla (Atlántico) Teléfono 3700628-3721283
Sede N°2 Calle 64 N°24B-82 Barrio Los Andes, Barranquilla, Atlántico. Teléfono 3651005