AUTOCAD 2018

1. Purge: to delete unused layers and something unused which helps to reduce the file size
as well

2. Audit: also helps to reduce file size which also reduces file size

3. Overkill: helps to delete overlapping lines and objects also reduces file size

4. Dimdiassociate: it eliminates the problem that arises when we copy or move an object or
something from one to another then dimension changes or it misbehaves

5. Dimcontinue: to continue the further dimension

6. Ucsicon: to fix the x and y-axis at the bottom left of the workspace

7. ps: to go out of the viewports in the layout

8. list: to check out all area and length of any line or any object

9. laywalk: to make only selected layer visible

10.Ddptype: to change the point style and size of the point.

WALL PAINTS:
White Washing means white cement with water
distemper that means like in my house
In my house 1 coat of whitewashing and 2 coats of distemper
emulsion expensive paint on the wall (expensive than Distemper) but the smooth and
greater finish and durability as well

skirting: floor and wall junction

screeding: above the floor, PCC to make level ground and smooth also can be used to lay
tiles above so that ground will become levelled
cornice: design in a portion of wall and ceiling
pointing: to fill the gap of bricks using cement mortar

paints used in the exterior portion of the building are weather coat

enamels are oil paint

red oxide is used to paint ironworks

Doors and windows estimation chaukhat and panel are calculated separately in m3 & m2
respectively

in rate analysis for tender 15% profit is included but in the case of user committee it is
excluded

paints used for road painting is thermoplastic paints

generally, chaukhat for a door is 3"*3"*3" and same for a window as well for between
the window 2" is used generally
 Sal wood is used for chaukhat generally and
teak wood is used as panel for doors and windows

bank will generally take 0.35% of charge for making bid bond to the contractor for
90 days

for making the title or something visible to all the pages of excel sheet first go to
page setup and select sheet and select rows to make visible in every page.

4'6" * 4' window chawkhat is 1 Cu.ft

25% of item quantity change then V.O is done

For EPS panel board in truss, hollow steel section at the sill and lintel level and
vertical steel section on both side of the opening is required (I did mistake in CDO
site, Pokhara(Rajesh chitrakar ko Site))

For Enamel,

Simple Door like we have= 1.3*area for one side

while preparing thekka bill 13% vat is added and after deducting 1.5% TDS, 5%
retention money and 6.5% VAT the amount that needed to give to the contractor is
same as money without VAT.
In case of Quotation work under 500,000 whose district rate is not known (i.e. not
given in district rate like carpet, Glass Sticker) then Quotation from 3 firm is
required and taken. and the lowest quoted amount will be the reference rate (i.e.
rate analysis rate). and % below is calculated from that amount.