A Periodic Table

for Ugaritic Signaries

as a Root for the Sky-god Dyaus and the Personal
Pronouns for the 1st Person Singular and Dual Form
Joannes Richter

Stable categorization Unstable or mixed categorization

Vowels Consonants Mixed Lingual, dental, nasal (M15 and N17) and sibilant symbols
Vowels Labials Palatal Guttural ? Lingual Dental Mixed nasal and sibilants sibilant
1 A1 B2 G3 (Kh4) D5
2 E6 W7 Z8 H9 Th10 (Θ,Þ)
3 Y11 K12 (Ś13) L14 M15 (Z16) N17 (Ẓ18) S19
4 O20 P,Φ21 Ṣ22 Q23 R24 Θ 25 (Gh26) T27
5 (Ƕ28 (I)) (Ω29 (U)) (S30)
Table 1 Periodic Table for the Ugaritic alphabet in the "Northern Semitic order"
(categorized according to Hebrew definitions and transliterated in Latin letters).

Abstract
The Ugaritic alphabet is a cuneiform script used beginning in the 15th century BC. Like most
Semitic scripts, it is an abjad, where each symbol stands for a consonant, leaving the reader to
supply the appropriate vowel.
Lists of Ugaritic letters (abecedaria) have been found in two alphabetic orders: the "Northern
Semitic order" leading to Hebrew, Phoenician, Greek and Latin alphabets; the "Southern Semitic
order" is more similar to the one found in the South Arabian, and the Ge'ez alphabets.
The "Northern Semitic order" suggests a design of the Ugaritic alphabet, in which the letters are
ordered according to their phonetic categories.
A number of definitions for the categories is unstable and may vary from language to language.
Especially the linguals and dentals may be switched to another category.

The Periodic Tables for the Latin and also the Ugaritic alphabets allow us to generate the name of
the sky-god DYAUS, in which each of the 5 letters D5, I11, A1, U28, S25 respectively D5, Y11, A1,
W(U)7, S19 represents a specific phonetic category (lingual, respectively palatal, guttural, labial and
dental). Subsets of these letters DYAUS (usually I11, A1, U28 and Ƿ28, I11, T5) are used to form the
personal pronouns (“I”) for the 1st Person Singular, respectively (“WIT”) for the Dual Form.
None of the structures of the"Southern Semitic order" suggests to expect a structure to search for
the patterns of periodic tables.
The Ugaritic alphabet
The Ugaritic alphabet is a cuneiform abjad (consonantal alphabet) used from around either the
fifteenth century BCE[1] or 1300 BCE[2] for Ugaritic, an extinct Northwest Semitic language, and
discovered in Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra), Syria, in 1928.
It has up to 30 letters. Other languages (particularly Hurrian) were occasionally written in the
Ugaritic script in the area around Ugarit, although not elsewhere1.
The Ugaritic alphabet is a cuneiform script used beginning in the 15th century BC. Like most
Semitic scripts, it is an abjad, where each symbol stands for a consonant, leaving the reader to
supply the appropriate vowel.

Cuneiform Signaries
Although it appears similar to Mesopotamian cuneiform (whose writing techniques it borrowed), its
symbols and symbol meanings are unrelated. It is the oldest example of the family of West Semitic
scripts such as the Phoenician, Paleo-Hebrew, and Aramaic alphabets (including the Hebrew
alphabet).
The so-called "long alphabet" has 30 letters while the "short alphabet" has 22 2. Other languages
(particularly Hurrian) were occasionally written in it in the Ugarit area, although not elsewhere.

The Phoenician alphabet and the Ge'ez alphabet

Clay tablets written in Ugaritic provide the earliest evidence of both the North Semitic and South
Semitic orders of the alphabet, which gave rise to the alphabetic orders of the reduced Phoenician
alphabet and its descendants (including Greek and Latin) on the one hand, and of the Ge'ez alphabet
on the other. 3

Details to the composition of the Ugaritic alphabet

Ugaritic was an augmented abjad. In most syllables only consonants were written, including the /w/
and /j/ of diphthongs. However, Ugaritic was unusual among early abjads in also writing vowels
after the glottal stop. It is thought that the letter for the syllable /ʔa/ originally represented the
consonant /ʔ/, as aleph does in other Semitic abjads, and that it was later restricted to /ʔa/ with the
addition, at the end of the alphabet, of /ʔi/ and /ʔu/.[4][5]
The final consonantal letter of the alphabet, s2, has a disputed origin along with both "appended"
glottals, but "The patent similarity of form between the Ugaritic symbol transliterated [s 2], and the
s-character of the later Northwest Semitic script makes a common origin likely, but the reason for
the addition of this sign to the Ugaritic alphabet is unclear (compare Segert 1983:201-218; Dietrich
and Loretz 1988). In function, [s2] is like Ugaritic s, but only in certain words – other s-words are
never written with [s2]."[6]

1 Ugaritic alphabet
2 Various cuneiform tablets unearthed at Ugarit allow us to define exactly the order of the alphabetic signs (cf. Sign
list); the Ugaritic alphabetic signs are more or less arranged in the same order of the later Phoenician alphabet.
To this widely attested alphabet are to be added two other writing systems which are only rarely documented in the city
of Ugarit. A "short" cuneiform alphabet, made up of only 22 signs, and another cuneiform "long" alphabet with a
different arrangement of the letter order (namely with characteristic South Arabian letter sequence h, l ḥ, m) found in
only one abecedary (RS 88.2215, cfr. P. Bordreuil, D. Pardee, RSO 14, 2001, 341-348).
Quoted in: Formal characters of the writing and the two alphabets
3 Ugaritic alphabet
The words that show s2 are predominantly borrowings, and thus it is often thought to be a late
addition to the alphabet representing a foreign sound that could be approximated by native /s/;
Huehnergard and Pardee make it the affricate /ts/.[7] Segert instead theorizes that it may have been
syllabic /su/, and for this reason grouped with the other syllabic signs /ʔi/ and /ʔu/.[8]
Probably the last three letters of the alphabet were originally developed for transcribing non-
Ugaritic languages (texts in the Akkadian language and Hurrian language have been found written
in the Ugaritic alphabet), and were then applied to write the Ugaritic language.[3] The three letters
denoting glottal stop plus vowel combinations were used as simple vowel letters when writing other
languages.
The only punctuation is a word divider. 4

The two alphabetic orders

Lists of Ugaritic letters (abecedaria, singular abecedarium) have been found in two alphabetic
orders: the "Northern Semitic order" more similar to the one found in Arabic (earlier order), Hebrew
and Phoenician, and more distantly, the Greek and Latin alphabets; and the "Southern Semitic
order" more similar to the one found in the South Arabian, and the Ge'ez alphabets. The letters are
given in transcription and in their Arabic and Hebrew cognates; letters missing from Hebrew are left
blank.

4 Function Ugaritic alphabet

The Northern Semitic order
The abecedaria of the "Northern Semitic order" are more similar to the one found in Arabic (earlier
order), Hebrew and Phoenician, and more distantly, the Greek and Latin alphabets:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30
transcription ʾa b g ḫ d h w z ḥ ṭ y k š l m ḏ n ẓ s ʿ p ṣ q r ṯ ġ t ʾi ʾu s2
Hebrew ‫גב א‬ ‫כ י ט חז ו הד‬ ‫מ ל‬ ‫נ‬ ‫שרקצפ ע ס‬ ‫ת‬

Table 2 Ugaritic abecedaria of the "Northern Semitic order"

In this table the categorization of the Hebrew script is taken from the comments section to the Sefer
Yetzirah, in which the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet may be categorized as:
1. Three principal Letters or "Mothers": Aleph Æ1, Mem M13, Shin S21.
2. Seven double-sounding consonants or "Doubles": Bet B2, Gimel G3, Dalet D4, Kaph Ch11,
Pe Ph17, Resh R20, Taw T22.
3. Twelve "Simple" letters or "Elementals": He Ε5, Waw V6, Zayin Z7, Heth H8, Teth T9,
Yodh I10, Lamedh L12, Nun N14, Samekh S15, Ayin Gh16, Tsade Ts18, Qoph K19.

1 Source: Section 3 in Hebräisch-Englisch - Sepher Yezirah (1877) - e v . D r . Isidor Kalisch,

Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4, paragraph
3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the Hebrew alphabet and
classifies them in 5 groups based on their individual sounds:
1. “Aleph (‫א‬, A), He (‫ה‬, E), Heth (‫ח‬, H), ‘Ayin (‫ע‬, Gh) are [Gu=guttural sounds] produced
from the depth of the tongue with the opening of the throat,
2. but Bet (‫ב‬, B), Waw (‫ו‬, V), Mem (‫מ‬, M), Pe (‫פ‬, Ph) are [La=labial sounds] made by the
release of the lips and the end of the tongue;
3. whereas Gimel (‫ג‬, G), Yodh (‫י‬, I), Kaph (‫כ‬, Ch), Qoph (‫ק‬, K) are [Pa=palatals] separated by
the width of the tongue [against the palate] with the [emission of] sound.
4. However, Dalet (‫ד‬, D), Teth (‫ט‬, T), Lamedh (‫ל‬, L), Nun (‫נ‬, N), Taw (‫ת‬, Th) are [Li=linguals]
separated by the mid-section of the tongue with the [emission of] sound;
5. whereas Zayin (‫ז‬, Z), Samekh (‫ס‬, S), Tsade (‫צ‬, Ts), Resh (‫ר‬, R), Shin (‫ש‬, Sh) are [De=dental
sounds] produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest.” 5

5 Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology - Wikipedia

The impact of an alternative categorization
Although the categorization my be similar the naming of the categorization may vary.
An alternative categorization is:

Fig. 2 Roman Script in Periodic Classification

Source: Ganesha Vidya (1968) by L.S. Wakankar (Scribd)

Inspecting this Periodic Classification deviates from the Hebrew definitions and activates other
letter patterns from the "Northern Semitic order" of the Ugaritic master composition. The guttural
and palatal definitions seem to have exchanged their locations.
The letters at the 5th row may have been manipulated without respect to the original composition.

Vowels Labial Sibilan Guttur Palatal Lingual Dental Nasal Sibilant ?

t? al
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 B2 (G3), (Kh4)
A1 C3
D5
2 E6 (W7), (Z8) → G8 H9 (Θ10)
F7
3 K12 (Ś13) L14 M15, (Z16), N17 (Ẓ18) (S19)
(Y11), I11
4 O20 P21 (Ṣ22) Q23 R24 (Θ 25)→ S25 (Gh26), T27
Special additional characters
5 (Ƕ28 (I)), (Ω29 (U)) X Y29 (y) Z30
U28, V 28 , W28

Table 3 A Periodic Table for the Latin alphabet, derived from the Ugaritic alphabet
(categorized according to Latin definitions and transliterated in Latin letters).

The first three sections of the Periodic Table for the Latin alphabet may be used to generate the
sacred name DYAUS, in which each of the 5 letters D5, I11, A1, U28, S25 represents a specific phonetic
category (lingual, respectively palatal, guttural, labial and dental). The letters for the Name
DYAUS are highlighted by a larger size.
A Hebrew standard of categorization
In order to categorize the letters according to a homogenous pattern I chose the Hebrew standard of
Rabbi Saadia Gaon's comments6 as a rule.
Eight of the 30 Ugaritic letters are missing in the Phoenician and Hebrew alphabet (22 letters).
These 8 letters are marked by brackets.

Vowels Labial Sibilant? Palatal Guttural Lingual Dental Nasal Sibilant ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 A1 B2 G3 (Kh4) D5
2 E6 W7 Z8 H9 Th10 (Θ, Þ)
3 Y11 (y) K12 (Ś13) L14 M15, (Z16), (Ẓ18) S19
N17
4 O20 P,Φ21 Ṣ22 Q23 R24, Θ 25,
(Gh26), T27
5 (Ƕ28 (I)) (Ω29 (U)) (S30)
Table 4 A Periodic Table for the Ugaritic alphabet (transliterated in Latin letters).
(Categorized according to the Hebrew standard of Rabbi Saadia Gaon's comments)

The categorization of the letters is uncertain as it may vary from language to language. Some of the
sibilants, dentals and linguals may be unified in categorization, which would join various letters D5,
Z8, Th10 (Θ, Þ), L14, N17, S19, Ṣ22, Θ 25 and R24, T27. This order may be composed as a periodic table,
which is structured by initiating new lines at the location of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. As a result we
may identify 5 sections named A-section, E-section, Y-section, O-section and the IU-section.
In the following categorization the palatals are reduced to the letters G3 , Y11 , K12 (C) and Q23.

Section A-section (h)E-section Y-section O-section IU-section

Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
transcription ʾa b g ḫ d h w z ḥ ṭ y k š l m ḏ n ẓ s ʿ p ṣ q r ṯ ġ t ʾi ʾu s2
Hebrew ‫גב א‬ ‫ט חז ו ה ד‬ ‫כ י‬ ‫מ ל‬ ‫נ‬ ‫ש ר ק צ פ ע ס‬ ‫ת‬
Table 5 Ugaritic abecedaria of the "Northern Semitic order" (27-30 letters)
(Categorized according to the Hebrew standard of Rabbi Saadia Gaon's comments)
Each section starts with a vowel A1, E6, Y11, O20 followed by a number of various consonants.
The Periodic Table for the Ugaritic alphabet may be used to generate the sacred name DYAUS of
the sky-god, in which each of the 5 letters D5, Y11, A1, W(U)7, S19 represents a specific phonetic
category (lingual, respectively palatal, guttural, labial and dental).
In the Ugaritic alphabet the symbols named Y11, E6, W(U)7 may be interpreted as the Hebrew Name
“YHW”.
Obviously the all-mighty sky-god DYAUS ruled the complete universe by covering all phonetic
categories (lingual, respectively palatal, guttural, labial and dental).

6 Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology - Wikipedia

Only the available Phoenician & Hebrew entries in these sections will be colored according to the
relevant categorizations of the periodic table. The missing symbols are concentrated in the section
“Unstable or mixed categorization” and in the last line with the 3 trailing entries (Ƕ28, Ω29, S30):

Stable categorization Unstable or mixed categorization

Vowels Consonants Mixed Lingual, dental, nasal (M15 and N17) and sibilant symbols
vowels labials sibilant pala- Guttu- lingual dental nasal (m15 and n17) sibilant (?)
tal ral
1 ʾa → b→ g→ ḫ→ d→
A1 B2 G3 (Kh4) D5
2 h(e) → w→ z→ ḥ→ ṭ→
E6 W7 Z8 H9 Th10 (Θ,Þ)

3 y→ k→ š→ l→ m→ ḏ→ n→ ẓ→ s→
Y11 K12 (Ś13) L14 M15 (Z16) N17 (Ẓ18) S
19
4 ʿ→ p→ ṣ→ q→ r→ ṯ→ ġ→ t→
O20 P,Φ21 Ṣ22 Q23 R24 Θ 25 (Gh26) T27
5 ʾi → ʾu → s2 →
(Ƕ28 (I)) (Ω29 (U)) (S30)
Table 6 Periodic Table for the Ugaritic alphabet in the "Northern Semitic order"
(transliterated in Latin letters and (Categorized according to the Hebrew standard of Rabbi Saadia Gaon's comments)).
The Southern Semitic order
The abecedaria of the "Southern Semitic order" are more similar to the one found in the South
Arabian, and the Ge'ez alphabets.
Two alphabets were used to write the Geʽez language, an abjad and later an abugida.
The abjad, used until c. 330 AD, had 26 consonantal letters 7 (h, l, ḥ, m, ś, r, s, ḳ, b, t, ḫ, n, ʾ, k, w, ʿ,
z, y, d, g, ṭ, p,p ṣ, ṣṣ, f, p ).
In the Northern Semitic order the letters ś, ḳ, p p and f are missing. In the Southern Semitic order the
letters ḳ and f are missing.

## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
6 14 9 15 24 19 2 27 4 17 1 12 7 20 8 11 5 3 10 22 4 21
Northern
Semitic
order

1 2 3 4 15 8 10 14 9 13 12 17 11 6 18 24 26 21 20 23 16 28 15 16
Southern
Semitic
order

abjad h l ḥ m ś r s ḳ b t ḫ n ʾ k w ʿ z y d g ṭ p p ṣ ṣṣ f p
Mothers e a u o y
of
Reading

Table 7 The Geʽez abjad, used until c. 330 AD, had 26 consonantal letters

(h)E-section W(U)-section AO-Section Y-section

Index (south) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Index (north) 6 14 9 15 23 7 13 24 27 19 12 17 4 2 21 1 20 18 3 5 26 10 8 16 11 25 22
transcription h l ḥm q w š r t s k n ḫ b ś p ʾ ʿ ẓ g d ġ ṭ z ḏ y ṯ ṣ
Hebrew
‫ק מח ל ה‬ ‫ו‬ ‫נ כ ס ת ר‬ ‫ב‬ ‫ע א פ‬ ‫ד ג‬ ‫ז ט‬ ‫צ ש י‬
(22 letters)
Mothers of
e u a o y
Reading
Table 8 Ugaritic abecedaria of the "Southern Semitic order" (28 symbols)
In this"Southern Semitic order" and in the abjad the periodical patterns may be oriented according
to their mothers of reading h, u, a, o and y.
None of the structures of the"Southern Semitic order" suggests to expect a structure to search for
the patterns of periodic tables.

7 Geʽez abjad
The cause for the instability in the lingual & dental sections

The Semi-vocals Y, V, R and the Sibilants S, Z, Ś in Old-Persian

From earlier studies I had identified the problem of mixed categories in the lingual, dental, nasal
(M15 and N17) and sibilant symbols, which may be illustrated in the categories Semi-vocals Y, V, R
and the Sibilants S, Z, Ś in the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet.
Especially the sibilants could be varying their categorical contributions, which allowed to compose
names such as the Hittite sky-god šīūš8. which is derived from the Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws
(“sky, heaven”). In this word the first š corresponds to the leading *d in *dyḗws and the last š
corresponds to the trailing s in *dyḗws.
The core word “yew” (or “Jew”) in *dyḗws is the central 3-vowel symbolic key which consists of 3
isolated long vowels “i-e-u”. The Hebrew Jews may have chosen this core “yew” for their divine
Name “IHW”.
Triad 1 Triad 2 Triad 3 Triad 4 Triad 5 Triad 6 Triad 7
Velar Dentals Semi-
Palatals Labials Nasals Sibilants
Vowels Gutturals Alveolar vocals L
C, Ç, J P, F, B N&M S, Z, Ś Glottal
K, X, G T, Θ, D Y, V, R

1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
k- x- g- c- ç- j- t- θ- d- p- f- b- n- m- y- v- r- l- s- z- š- h-
K X G C Ç J T Θ D P F B N M Y V R L S Z Š H
X C Ç Θ P F B Y L S Z Š H
K- G- J- T- D- N- M- V- R-
-(A) K G J T D N M V R
-Ī — — Ji Ti Di Ni Mi Vi Ri
-Ū Ku Gu — Tu Du Nu Mu — Ru
Table 9 The categorization in the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet
We might expect that in a pattern close to the perfect divine name DYAUS the first š should be a
sibilant S and second letter š might be a Z.
In order to form a perfect pattern we might however also chose for an alternative DYAUS, in which
the first and last letters switched their categories lingual ↔ dental.
This exchange of categories may also have formed the Hellenic name ZEUS ,which in Hellenic may
have been formed from *dzéus. The Indo-Iranian formula is: *dyāṣ wš and in Italic: *djous leads to
Jupiter. In Armenian: *tiw- may be discovered in Old Armenian: տիւ (tiw).
Therefore the first letter (D) in DYAUS usually contains more “d”-contents than the trailing letter
(S). Also the “S” may be easier be skipped by abrasion than the leading “D”.

8 See: Descendants in *dyḗws; the correct name for the web-address of šīūš – Wiktionary requires the installation of
special fonts.
Classification for various alphabets
In Sanskrit the 5 categories are equipped with 5 symbols.
The vowels come first: A, Ā, I, Ī, U, Ū, Ri, RR i, LRRi and LRR i.9 Four long vocalic sounds are
classified as diphthongs follow: E, Ai, O, Au.
The sounds produced at the back of the mouth, k, kh, g, gh are listed first, and are described as
'Velar'. 'Palatales' consonants, c, ch, j, jh, are made slightly farther forward in the mouth, with the
tongue touching the hard palate; 'Dentals', t, th, d, dh, with the tongue touching the teeth; and
'Labials', p, ph, b, bh, with the lips. Between the palatal and dental classes appears the 'retroflex'
sequence. At the end of the alphabet come semivowels, sibilants and the “h”: Y, V, R, L, S, Z, Ś, H10.

Fig. 3 Vowels and consonants, Semi-vowels and Sibilants

(sorted according to Gutturals, Palatales, Cerebrals, Dentals, and Labials)
(Source: Page 13 at A Practical Grammar of the Sanskrit Language (1864): Sir Monier Monier-Williams)

Especially the semivowels and sibilants (Y, V, R, L, S, Z, Ś, H) seem to be mixing up the

categories. The categorization of Sanskrit, Old Persian, Latin, and runic symbols results in a
genuine correlation:
Hebrew Sanskrit Old Persian Latin Staveless runes
1 Vowels A, Ā,I, Ī, E, Ai, A, I, U A,E,IJ,O,U A, H, I, U
RRi, RR i, LRRi, LRR i,
U, Ū, O, Au,
2 Guttural ʾA, H, Ḥ,ʿ K, Kh, G, Gh, Ṅ G, H, K, X, (W) G,H,K,Q,X
3 Palatals G, Y, K, Q C, Ch, J, Jh, Ñ J, Ʃ, TTƩ, DTƷ C,Y K
4 Linguals D, Z, L, N, T Ṭ, Ṭh, Ḍ, Ḍh, Ṇ D,R,Z D,R,Z Th, N, T, L
5 Dentals Ṭ, S, Ṣ, R, Ṯ T, Th, D, Dh, N N, Θ, T, S, L, TTS L,S,T R,S, (R)
6 Labials B, W, M, P P, Ph, B, Bh, M B,F,P,M B,F.P.V,W F,M,B
7 Nasals M, N
8 semi-vowels Y, R, L Y, V, R, L
9 Sibilants Ś, Ṣ, S S, Z, Ś (?)
10 Glottal H H

Table 10 Classification for various alphabets (from: A Periodic Table for PIE-Alphabets)
Although the mixed classifications of the semivowels and sibilants (Y, V, R, L, S, Z, Ś, H) is not
specified in the European languages the problems of mixed definitions exist in all languages.

9 inclusing Ri, RR i, LRRi and LRR i.

10 Ancient Sanskrit Online
The personal pronouns of the 1st person singular
Some of the words such as Mithras MIT(h)RA, and DYAUS (varying in patterns DYAUS, DIOVIS,
DIEVAS, DIEVS, DEIVUS, DEIWS, DEYWIS, DEIVAS, TI'WAR, TIWES, TUISCO, TUISTO.)
seemed to have been composed by using letters from each of the 5 categories, which would explain
how the divine names had developed.
The 5 categories seem to have existed as early as the Sanskrit had been documented.
Sanskrit and Old-Persian however used a sequential sequence without periodicity.
The earliest periodic table seems to be documented in an abcedary of the Ugaritic alphabet,
which is dated as early as 1400 BCE. The Ugaritic designers of this alphabet already must
have been aware of the 5...8 categories which also had been identified as the old "Horn-
book" by Professor Petrie.
These concepts may have existed from an archaic era, for which we cannot expect any
written or drawn evidence. Only the spoken words of dying languages may tell us how it
started...
Some languages composed sections from these divine names of the sky-god as the personal
pronouns of the 1st person singular (“I”)11.
These words also contained sections of the 5 categories, which usually (but not always) as vowel-
sections.
The name of the dialect is derived from a nickname based on the personal pronoun jau
[ˈjaw] 'I', and can be translated as 'the jau-sayers',[3] as this contrasts with Vallader eu,
pronounced [ˈɛː], [ˈɛw], [ˈjɛ], [ˈjɐ], or [ˈjow] in the Lower Engadine.[4]

The following table lists various relevant samples for derivations of the ego-pronouns from DYAUS:
Divine Name ego Language ego Language ego Language
of the sky-god pronoun (dialect) pronoun (dialect) pronoun (dialect)
1 DYAUS Y Old-English YA Russian JAU Jauer
DIAUS Romansh
DJAUS
2 DIOVIS I English (?) IO Italian JOU Sutsilvan
DIOUIS Romansh
DÏOU YÏOU Nîmes (F.)
3 DIEVS Æ (ae) Scandinavian JE French IÉU Provencal
DIEUS dialects Neapolitan
DJEUS
4 DIW I English (?) IU Sicilian
DIU
5 TI'WAR, TIWES I English (?)
6 TUISCO, I English (?) IC (?) Old-English Ich (?) German
TUISTO. Dutch
7 DZEU DE Savoye DZOU Savoye
DZYEÛ, (central) (Montagny)
DEZYEU
Table 11: Samples of the personal pronouns of the 1st person singular (“I”) derived from DYAUS

11 The Role of the Vowels in Personal Pronouns of the 1st ...

An overview of these personal pronouns and the corresponding divine name has been listed as an
overview, in which the letter I is a core-symbol which is a dominant character in the planetary
pantheon and also in the translation IAO of the divine name YHVH12.
Language Creator God I (singular) Marker
French Dieu je Dieu (je)
Provencal Diéu iéu Diéu (iéu)
Italian Dio io Dio (io)
Spanish Dios yo Dios (yo)
Portuguese Deus eu Deus (eu)
Sicilian Diu iu Diu (iu)
Romanian Zeu eu Zeu (eu)
Nîmes (F.) Dïou yiou Dïou (yiou)
Savoye (Montagny) Dzeu dzou Dzeu (dzou)
Savoye (central) Dyu de Dyu (de)
Savoye (Bessans, Giettaz) Dyu, ze Dyu (ze)
Dzyeû, Dezyeu
Sardinian (Campidanese) Deu dèu Deu (dèu)
Walloon Diu, Dju, Diè dji Diu (dji)
Villar-St-Pancrace Dïou (?) iòu Dïou (yiou)
Eischemtöitschu Ziisch iich Ziisch (iich)
Logudorese Sardinian déu(s) dèo déu(s) (dèo)
Rumansh (sutsilvan) Dieu(s) jou Dieu(s) (jou)
Rumansh (Surmiran) Dia ia Dia (ia)
Rumansh (Grischun) Dieu jau Dieu (jau)
Rumansh (Vallader) Diẹu eu, eau Diẹu (eau)
Table 12: European “I”-definitions in Romance languages

12 In Dutch: Over de woorden en namen, die eeuwenlang bewaard gebleven zijn by jwr47 on Scribd
The personal pronouns of the 1st person dual
A number of European languages and dialects also composed personal pronouns of the 1st person
dual which may have been derived from the sky-god's Name 13. Usually the personal pronouns of the
1st person dual (usually “WIT”) may be generated by reversing the sky-god's Name (usually
“TIW”).
The correlation between the personal pronouns of the 1st person dual (usually “WIT”) and the sky-
god's Name (usually “TIW”) may be illustrated in the following table and map:
Language Sky-god, God Both of us (dual) I (singular) Marker at the map
Old-Dutch TUW, TIJ WUT, WIT IC, IK Tuw, Tij (wut, wit)
Northern Frisian WAT, WËT Tij (wat, wët)
Frisian TIJ IK
English TUW (→ Tuesday) I
Old English TĪW, TĪG ǷIT (WIT)14 IC, ĪC, Y Tīw, Tīg (Ƿit, Ȝit)
Norse TY, TÍ-VAR EK
Old Norse TÍ (?) VIÐ (?) EK (?) Tí (við)
Icelandic TÝR VIÐ ÉG Týr (við)
Slavic SVAN-TOVIT VĚ JA Svantovit (vě)
Table 13: Table with the European names of the sky-god and the personal pronouns
(restricted to the languages with dual and singular forms only)

The table with the European names of the sky-god and the personal pronouns (for the dual and
singular forms) illustrates the correlation between the categories for the letters Ð, T, I, Y, IJ15, A, Ë,
Ƿ, U, V, W.

13 The Sky-God Names and the Correlating Personal Pronouns ...

14 In Germanic languages the dual therefore remained only in the first- and second-person pronouns and their
accompanying verb forms. Old English, Old Norse and the other old Germanic languages had dual marking only in
the personal pronouns, but not in the verbs. (The Nuclear Pillars of Symbolism)
15 In Dutch the alphabet contains an extra letter IJ (IJ (digraph) - Wikipedia).
4: Map with the European names of the sky-god and the personal pronouns (for the dual,
respectively singular form)
Conclusion
The Ugaritic alphabet is a cuneiform script used beginning in the 15th century BC. Like most
Semitic scripts, it is an abjad, where each symbol stands for a consonant, leaving the reader to
supply the appropriate vowel.
Lists of Ugaritic letters (abecedaria) have been found in two alphabetic orders: the "Northern
Semitic order" leading to Hebrew, Phoenician, Greek and Latin alphabets; the "Southern Semitic
order" is more similar to the one found in the South Arabian, and the Ge'ez alphabets.
The "Northern Semitic order" suggests a design of the Ugaritic alphabet, in which the letters are
ordered according to their phonetic categories.
A number of definitions for the categories is unstable and may vary from language to language.
Especially the linguals and dentals may be switched to another category.

The Periodic Tables for the Latin and also the Ugaritic alphabets allow us to generate the name of
the sky-god DYAUS, in which each of the 5 letters D5, I11, A1, U28, S25 respectively D5, Y11, A1,
W(U)7, S19 represents a specific phonetic category (lingual, respectively palatal, guttural, labial and
dental).

Subsets of these letters DYAUS (usually I11, A1, U28 and Ƿ28, I11, T5) are used to form the personal
pronouns (“I”) for the 1st Person Singular, respectively (“WIT”) for the Dual Form.
None of the structures of the"Southern Semitic order" suggests to expect a structure to search for
the patterns of periodic tables.
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
The Ugaritic alphabet ..........................................................................................................................2
Cuneiform Signaries........................................................................................................................2
The Phoenician alphabet and the Ge'ez alphabet.............................................................................2
Details to the composition of the Ugaritic alphabet........................................................................2
The two alphabetic orders................................................................................................................3
The Northern Semitic order........................................................................................................4
The impact of an alternative categorization...........................................................................5
A Hebrew standard of categorization ....................................................................................6
The Southern Semitic order........................................................................................................8
The cause for the instability in the lingual & dental sections ..............................................................9
The Semi-vocals Y, V, R and the Sibilants S, Z, Ś in Old-Persian..................................................9
Classification for various alphabets...............................................................................................10
The personal pronouns of the 1st person singular..............................................................................11
The personal pronouns of the 1st person dual....................................................................................13
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................15
Appendix – Papers of J. Richter at Academia.edu and Scribd...........................................................17
Appendix – Papers of J. Richter at Academia.edu and Scribd
Periodic Tables are documented in:
1. Notes on the Common Architecture of European Alphabets (Ugaritic, Old Persian signary,
the Greek alphabet, Sanskrit)
2. A Periodic Table for PIE-Alphabets (languages: Ugaritic, Latin, Elder and Younger Futhark,
Gothic, etc.)
3. A Periodic Table for the Cyrillic Alphabet (Glagolitic, early Cyrillic and Russian alphabets)
4. A Periodic Table for the Coptic Alphabet
5. A Periodic Table for the Old-English Alphabet including “The insertion of Chilperic's letters
in the Old English alphabet”.
6. A Periodic Table for the Icelandic Alphabet (Scribd)
7. A Periodic Table for the Phoenician and Hebrew Alpabet (Scribd)
8. De hiërarchische structuur van het Hebreeuwse alfabet (Scribd)
9. The Hierarchical Structure of the Hebrew Alphabet (Scribd)
10. Periodic Tables for the Dalecarlian Runes and the Elfdalian Alphabet (Scribd)
11. A Periodic Table for the Dutch Language
12. Periodic Tables for the Sami Alphabets
13. Het hart van de Nederlandse taal
14. Eight Periodic Tables for the Sámi Languages
15. Overview of the Periodic Tables of the Sami Languages
16. Periodic Tables for the Upper and Lower Sorbian Alphabets
17. A Periodic Table for the Greek Alphabet
18. Periodic Tables for the Euboean and Etruscan Alphabets (Scribd)
19. Did the Word „Deus“ Exist in the Archaic Alphabets (Scribd)
20. Periodic Tables for the Gaelic (Irish and Scottish alphabets (Scribd)
21. A Periodic Table for Ugaritic Signaries
22. ...

The (approximately) 150 following papers are sorted according to the initial upload date16 :
• A Periodic Table for Ugaritic Signaries
• Periodic Tables for the Gaelic (Irish and Scottish alphabets (Scribd)
• Did the Word „Deus“ Exist in the Archaic Alphabets (Scribd)
• Periodic Tables for the Euboean and Etruscan Alphabets (Scribd)
• A Periodic Table for the Greek Alphabet
• Periodic Tables for the Upper and Lower Sorbian Alphabets
• Overview of the Periodic Tables of the Sami Languages
• Eight Periodic Tables for the Sámi Languages
• Het hart van de Nederlandse taal
• Periodic Tables for the Sami Alphabets
• A Periodic Table for the Dutch Language
• Periodic Tables for the Dalecarlian Runes and the Elfdalian Alphabet (Scribd)
• The Hierarchical Structure of the Hebrew Alphabet (Scribd)
• De hiërarchische structuur van het Hebreeuwse alfabet (Scribd)
• A Periodic Table for the Phoenician and Hebrew Alpabet (Scribd)
• A Periodic Table for the Icelandic Alphabet (Scribd)
• A Periodic Table for the Coptic Alphabet (Scribd)
• A Periodic Table for the Cyrillic Alphabet (Scribd)

16 https://independent.academia.edu/JoannesRichter, respectively https://independent.academia.edu/richterJoannes

• The Impact of Ternary Coding Systems (Scribd)
• A Pedigree for Alphabets (Scribd)
• The Composition of the European Alphabets (Scribd)
• The Letter Repositioning in the Greek and Latin Alphabets
• Unstably Classified Letters in Alphabets (Scribd)
• Notes on the Common Architecture of Alphabetical Structures (Academia.edu)
• A Periodic Table for PIE-Alphabets
• A Periodic Classification for the Gothic Alphabet (obsolete, Scribd)
• A Periodic Classification for the Futhark-Alphabets (obsolete, Scribd)
• A Periodic Classification for the Latin Alphabet (obsolete, Scribd)
• The Model of a Language as a Communication Link (Scribd)
• The Roots of the Indo-European Alphabets (12.5.2020)
• Samenvatting van "The Alphabet as an Elementary Document"
• The Alphabet as an Elementary Document
• The Origin of the Name Dyaus
• De oorsprong van de naam Diaus
• The History of Designing an Alphabet (Scribd)
• Een architectuur voor de PIE-talen (Scribd)
• An Architecture for the PIE-Languages
• A Suggested Restoration of the 'Futhark'-Sequence (Scribd)
• The Composition of the Sky- God's Name in PIE-Languages
• The Ternary Codes in Language and Creation (Scribd)
• The Role of Saussure's Letter "E"
• The Optimal Number of Vowels in Languages (Scribd)
• A Ternary Encoding to Optimize Communications and Cooperation
◦ A Golden Box to Control the Lightnings
◦ The Ancient Lightning Rods around the Mediterranean Sea
◦ Die ältesten Blitz(ab)leiter am Mittelmeer (Scribd)
◦ Pyramids in the Role as Power Plants
◦ Piramides als energiecentrales (Scribd)
◦ The Role of the Pyramids in Melting Glass and Meta... (Scribd)
◦ The Egyptian Drilling Technology (Scribd)
• The Architecture of the Younger Futhark Alphabet
• The Sources for the IΩ- Pronouns
• Notes to Herodotus' Histories of IΩ, Europa and Medea
◦ The Role of Irrigation and Drainage in a Successful Civilisation
◦ De rol van de irrigatie en drainage in een succesv... (Scribd)
◦ Notes to Frazer's "Pausanias's Description of Greece"
◦ The Initials of European Philosophy
◦ Atlantis vormde 3400 jaar geleden een Helleens Delta-project
◦ The War against Atlantis
• The "Ego"-Root inside the Name "Thebes"
• The Role of the AEtts in the Futharc Alpabet
• The Reconstruction of a European Philosophy
• Traces of an old religion (The Root "Wit" in Wittekind)
• Woden (Wuþ) as the Designer and Author of the Futhark Alphabet
• Is the Core "Wut" in "Wutach" symbolizing "Wutan" ("Woden")
• The Bipolar Core of Germanic Languages
• Simon Stevin's Redefinition of Scientific Arts
• Simon Stevin's definitie van wetenschappelijk onderz
• De etymologie van de woorden met Wit-, Wita en Witan-kernen
• The "Vit"-Roots in the Anglo-Saxon Pedigree
• The Traces of "Wit" in Saxony
• King Chilperic I's letters (ΔΘZΨ) may be found at the beginning ("Futha") of the runic
alphabet and at the end (WIJZAE) of the Danish alphabet
• Aan het slot (WIJZAE) van het Deense alfabet en aan het begin ("Futha") van het
runenalfabet bevinden zich de letters (ΔΘZΨ) van koning Chilperik I
• The Role of the Ligature AE in the European Creation Legend
• A Concept for a Runic Dictionary
• Concentrating the Runes in the Runic Alphabets
• Traces of Vit, Rod and Chrodo
• De sleutelwoorden van het Futhark alfabet
• The Keywords of the Futhark Alphabet
• Het runenboek met het unieke woord Tiw
• A short Essay about the Evolution of European Personal Pronouns
• The Evolution of the European Personal Pronouns
• De miraculeuze transformatie van de Europese samenleving
• The Miraculous Transformation of European Civilization
• The Duality in Greek and Germanic Philosophy
• Bericht van de altaarschellist over de Lof der Zotheid
• De bronnen van Brabant (de Helleputten aan de Brabantse breuklijnen)
• De fundamenten van de samenleving
• De rol van de waterbronnen bij de kerstening van Nederland
• De etymologie van "wijst" en "wijstgrond"
• The Antipodes Mith and With
• The Role of the Dual Form in the Evolution of European Languages
• De rol van de dualis in de ontwikkeling der Europese talen
• The Search for Traces of a Dual Form in Quebec French
• Synthese van de Germanistische & Griekse mythologie en etymologie
• De restanten van de dualis in het Nederlands, Engels en Duits
• Notes to the Corner Wedge in the Ugaritic Alphabet
• The Origin of the long IJ-symbol in the Dutch alphabet
• Over de oorsprong van de „lange IJ“ in het Nederlandse alfabet
• The Backbones of the Alphabets
• The Alphabet and and the Symbolic Structure of Europe
• The Unseen Words in the Runic Alphabet
• De ongelezen woorden in het runenalfabet
• The Role of the Vowels in Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular
• Over de volgorde van de klinkers in woorden en in godennamen
• The Creation Legends of Hesiod and Ovid
• De taal van Adam en Eva (published: ca. 2.2.2019)
• King Chilperic's 4 Letters and the Alphabet's Adaptation
• De 4 letters van koning Chilperik I en de aanpassing van het Frankenalfabet
• The Symbolism of Hair Braids and Bonnets in Magical Powers
• The Antipodes in PIE-Languages
• In het Nederlands, Duits en Engels is de dualis nog lang niet uitgestorven
• In English, Dutch and German the dual form is still alive
• The Descendants of the Dual Form " Wit "
• A Structured Etymology for Germanic, Slavic and Romance Languages
• The “Rod”-Core in Slavic Etymology (published: ca. 27.11.2018)
• Encoding and decoding the runic alphabet
• Über die Evolution der Sprachen
• Over het ontwerpen van talen
• The Art of Designing Languages
• Notes to the usage of the Spanish words Nos and Vos, Nosotros and Vosotros
• Notes to the Dual Form and the Nous-Concept in the Inari Sami language
• Over het filosofische Nous-concept
• Notes to the Philosophical Nous-Concept
• The Common Root for European Religions (published: ca. 27.10.2018)
• A Scenario for the Medieval Christianization of a Pagan Culture
• Een scenario voor de middeleeuwse kerstening van een heidens volk
• The Role of the Slavic gods Rod and Vid in the Futhorc-alphabet
• The Unification of Medieval Europe
• The Divergence of Germanic Religions
• De correlatie tussen de dualis, Vut, Svantevit en de Sint-Vituskerken
• The Correlation between Dual Forms, Vut, Svantevit and the Saint Vitus Churches
• Die Rekonstruktion der Lage des Drususkanals (published: ca. 27.9.2018)
• Die Entzifferung der Symbolik einer Runenreihe
• Deciphering the Symbolism in Runic Alphabets
• The Sky-God, Adam and the Personal Pronouns
• Notities rond het boek Tiw (Published ca. 6.2.2018)
• Notes to the book TIW
• Von den Völkern, die nach dem Futhark benannt worden sind
• Designing an Alphabet for the Runes
• Die Wörter innerhalb der „Futhark“-Reihe
• The hidden Symbolism of European Alphabets
• Etymology, Religions and Myths
• The Symbolism of the Yampoos and Wampoos in Poe's “Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym
from Nantucket”
• Notizen zu " Über den Dualis " und " Gesammelte sprachwissenschaftliche Schriften "
• Ϝut - Het Nederlandse sleutelwoord
• Concepts for the Dual Forms
• The etymology of the Greek dual form νώ (νῶϊ)
• Proceedings in the Ego-pronouns' Etymology
• Notities bij „De godsdiensten der volken“
• The Role of *Teiwaz and *Dyeus in Filosofy
• A Linguistic Control of Egotism
• The Design of the Futhark Alphabet
• An Architecture for the Runic Alphabets
• The Celtic Hair Bonnets (Published Jun 24, 2018)
• Die keltische Haarhauben
• De sculpturen van de Walterich-kapel te Murrhardt
• The rediscovery of a lost symbolism
• Het herontdekken van een vergeten symbolisme
• De god met de twee gezichten
• The 3-faced sculpture at Michael's Church in Forchtenberg
• Over de woorden en namen, die eeuwenlang bewaard gebleven zijn
• De zeven Planeten in zeven Brabantse plaatsnamen
• Analysis of the Futhorc-Header
• The Gods in the Days of the Week and inside the Futhor-alphabet
• Een reconstructie van de Nederlandse scheppingslegende
• The Symbolism in Roman Numerals
• The Keywords in the Alphabets Notes to the Futharc's Symbolism
• The Mechanisms for Depositing Loess in the Netherlands
• Over het ontstaan van de Halserug, de Heelwegen en Heilwegen in de windschaduw van de
Veluwe
• Investigations of the Rue d'Enfer-Markers in France
• Die Entwicklung des französischen Hellwegs ( " Rue d'Enfer "
• De oorsprong van de Heelwegen op de Halserug, bij Dinxperlo en Beltrum
• The Reconstruction of the Gothic Alphabet's Design
• Von der Entstehungsphase eines Hellwegs in Dinxperlo-Bocholt
• Over de etymologie van de Hel-namen (Heelweg, Hellweg, Helle..) in Nederland
• Recapitulatie van de projecten Ego-Pronomina, Futhark en Hellweg
• Over het ontstaan en de ondergang van het Futhark-alfabet
• Die Etymologie der Wörter Hellweg, Heelweg, Rue d'Enfer, Rue de l'Enfer und Santerre
• The Etymology of the Words Hellweg, Rue d'Enfer and Santerre
• The Decoding of the Kylver Stone' Runes
• The Digamma-Joker of the Futhark
• The Kernel of the Futhorc Languages
• De kern van de Futhark-talen
• Der Kern der Futhark-Sprachen
• De symboolkern IE van het Nederlands
• Notes to Guy Deutscher's "Through the Language Glass"
• Another Sight on the Unfolding of Language (Published 1 maart, 2018)
• Notes to the Finnish linguistic symbolism of the sky-god's name and the days of the week
• A modified Swadesh List (Published 12 / 17 / 2017)
• A Paradise Made of Words
• The Sky-God Names and the Correlating Personal Pronouns
• The Nuclear Pillars of Symbolism (Published 10 / 28 / 2017)
• The Role of the Dual Form in Symbolism and Linguistics (Oct 17, 2017)
• The Correlation between the Central European Loess Belt, the Hellweg-Markers and the
Main Isoglosses
• The Central Symbolic Core of Provencal Language (Oct 7, 2017)
• The Hermetic Codex II - Bipolar Monotheism (Scribd)