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Discutir que tipo [Kate and Meera are sitting at a table in a restaurant.]
KATE: I think you have to find a job that matches your personality.
MEERA: Yeah? How can I do that?
KATE: OK, Meera. You have a big personality.
de trabajo quieres
MEERA: Sorry?
KATE: You’re outgoing. You like meeting new people, right?
MEERA: Yes.
KATE: But you don’t meet a lot of new people in accounts, do you?
COM PREHENSION: WHICH JOB IS BEST FOR M EERA ? MEERA: No, I certainly don’t.
KATE: Hi, Meera. KATE: So maybe you’d be happier in a customer-facing job. For example, a job
MEERA: Hi, Kate. There’s a table here. in the service sector, like retail.
[Kate and Meera sit down at a table.] MEERA: Oh, I don’t want to work in a shop. I did that when I was a student. It
KATE: Great. So how are you, Meera? was worse than the job I’m doing now!
KATE: OK. So how about the hospitality sector? A hotel, perhaps?
MEERA: I’m fine, thanks. Except ...
MEERA: Maybe. It’s a possibility.
KATE: Except what?
KATE: Anyway, I think that dealing with the public is more stimulating than
MEERA: I’m not happy in my job.
an administrative job, where you just work with the same colleagues every day.
KATE: Oh dear. Are you still at New Mode Fashions?
MEERA: Yes, you’re right.
MEERA: Yes, that’s right.
KATE: They make women’s clothes, don’t they? KATE: Now, would you say that you’re ambitious?
MEERA: Yes, they do. MEERA: Yes, I think so. My parents always say that I’m more ambitious than
KATE: There’s an advert for New Mode clothes on TV at the moment. Their my sisters. In fact, I suppose I’m the most ambitious person in my family, even
dresses look really good. They’re more fashionable than a lot of the other clothes though I’m the youngest.
you see in the shops. KATE: Right. And would you like to manage other people?
MEERA: Yes, I would.
MEERA: Yes, that’s right. Our clothes are great. They’re definitely the best
dresses in their price range. But I work in the accounts department. It’s very KATE: And is it important to you to earn a good salary?
boring. MEERA: Yes, I’d like to earn a lot more than I do now. That’s a priority for me!
KATE: Yes, but not all finance jobs are boring. You know, I work in the KATE: So, I think you need to apply for a managerial job.
financial sector, and ... MEERA: Oh, I don’t have enough work experience for that.
MEERA: Yes, I know you do. But my job is dull. I’m bored all the time. KATE: OK. If you can’t be a manager straightaway, you need to find a job with
KATE: Well, it’s true that accounts isn’t usually the most exciting department of good promotion prospects, so you can become a manager after, say, one or
a company. two years. Also, you need to find a job that matches your interests. So what are
MEERA: Well, I think it’s the least exciting department in my company! I mean, you interested in?
don’t get me wrong. Some of my colleagues are really nice. In fact, two of the MEERA: Well, I love clothes and fashion. That’s why I chose to work for New
people I work with are the friendliest people I know. Mode. I thought it was a way to get in to the fashion industry.
KATE: Yeah? KATE: OK.
MEERA: But the other people in my department are the most boring people I MEERA: But I never meet the designers and models. And I never go to fashion
have ever met. shows. I just check invoices and pay bills all day.
KATE: Oh dear. That doesn’t sound good. KATE: Yes, I see. So what else are you interested in? You like travelling, don’t
MEERA: No. So I really want to find a more interesting job. But I don’t know you?
what I want to do. MEERA: Yes, I do. I love to visit different places.
KATE: Well, I think ... KATE: OK. How about a job in the travel industry?
MEERA: Hmm. That’s an interesting idea. I never thought of that before.
TU TOR
There are different ways you can talk about your job. You can be specific and
C OMPA RATIV ES AN D SU PERLATIV ES
say which department you work in. For example, Meera says I work in the
When we want to compare two or more things, we use the comparative or
accounts department. You can also say I'm in the accounts
superlative form.
department or simply I'm in accounts. The comparative and superlative forms of an adjective have three forms as well
Or you can be more general and just say which sector you work in. For example, as a few irregular forms.
Kate says I work in the financial sector or more simply I'm in finance. When we make a comparative or a superlative, the form changes as in the table
below:
-er/-est -ier/-iest more/most
one or two syllables adjective ends in y three syllables or
TU TOR
more
An area where many speakers of English make mistakes is when to use -ed or tall happy fashionable
-ing adjectives like excited and exciting. old angry important
We use -ed adjectives when we are talking about how people feel: narrow busy interesting
I’m very bored. I don’t have anything to do. tight heavy ambitious
She’s really excited. She’s starting a new job next month.
We use -ing adjectives to describe how people or things affect us:
Why not add more adjectives you know to the table?
This meeting started three hours ago. It’s really boring. COMPARATIVE STRUCTURE
He’s done lots of different jobs. He’s very interesting. be + comparative adjective + than
The next activity will help you to understand the difference and it should also
They are more fashionable than a lot of other clothes.
help you to avoid making similar mistakes in the future.
SUPERLATIVE STRUCTURE
be + the + superlative adjective Have
I am the most ambitious person in my family. Run
IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE FORMS Gained
Learned
There are a few irregular forms to remember:
Needed
good - better - best
bad - worse - worst Lent
C OMPR EHEN SION : THE JOB- HUNTIN G EXP ER IENC E
alguien como KATE: Then I looked at each of the banks' websites and found the information
about job vacancies.
MEERA: OK. What else did you do?
KATE: Well, my careers adviser at college introduced me to two people who
consiguio su
were already working in banking. They both gave me some very useful advice.
MEERA: That’s good.
KATE: And I also registered on some employment websites – both general ones
and ones specialising in finance sector jobs.
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MEERA: And did you wait for the jobs to be advertised?
KATE: No, I sent in some speculative applications to the bigger banks.
MEERA: What did you send them?
KATE: Oh, my CV and a covering letter saying I was looking for work. Most of
them replied to say they didn’t have any vacancies. But some of them said they
COM PREHENSION: KATE'S JOB HISTOR Y
would keep my details on file.
[Kate and Meera are sitting at a table in a restaurant.] MEERA: Was it easy to get your first job?
MEERA: So, are you still working in finance, Kate? KATE: No, not very easy. I applied to over 30 banks before I got my first
KATE: Yes, that’s right. I’m now an assistant manager for Southern Star Bank. interview. I got to the interview stage at three banks, but I didn’t get the job. I
MEERA: Assistant manager. That’s great. And why did you choose banking? was very discouraged, but I didn’t give up! Then, after my fourth interview, I
KATE: Well, I studied maths and economics at school. And I also have a was successful. I was so happy!
qualification in business studies. MEERA: I’m sure you were! And what was the job?
MEERA: So you had the right qualifications. KATE: I was a cashier in a bank branch in the city. Then after two years, I was
KATE: Well, my qualifications weren’t the main reason why I got into banking. promoted to supervisor. After that, I started studying for my banking exams and
MEERA: What were the other reasons? I passed them last year.
KATE: One of the things banks do is work with businesses. I was lucky. I had MEERA: That’s great.
some experience of business when I applied. KATE: Yes. And once I had my banking qualifications, I started working with
MEERA: Really? Where did you get business experience before you started businesses in the bank’s commercial department.
work? MEERA: Right. So you started...
KATE: Well, my parents run their own business.
MEERA: Really? I didn’t know that. What do they do?
TUTOR
KATE: They have a small catering company. They prepare and cook food and
serve it at weddings, family celebrations, conferences … things like that. We often ask questions to find out more information. Some questions just
MEERA: Right. require a yes or no answer while others require more details. Yes/no questions in
KATE: So I used to help them. the past usually begin with did, was or were.
MEERA: How did you help them? Did you wait for the jobs to be advertised?
KATE: Well, I helped with the publicity. And I was a waitress. I made lots and No, I didn’t.
lots of sandwiches. Thanks to what I learned from my parents, my sandwiches Was it easy to get your first job?
are fantastic! My sandwiches are much better than these ones. No, it wasn’t.
MEERA: I believe you. And I suppose you gained a lot of experience working Were there many other applicants for the job?
with your parents. Yes, there were.
KATE: Yes, I did. Anyway, so when my parents started their business, they
didn’t have a lot of money. So they really needed a bank loan. The bank lent TUTOR
them the money they needed to start the business. Without the loan from the
bank, they wouldn’t have their business now. Sometimes we ask people questions to find out more information or details.
MEERA: I see. These are known as wh-questions and usually begin with words such as what,
KATE: So I’ve always been interested in the idea of helping businesses to be why, when, where, who and how. We place these question words at the
more successful, especially small businesses. beginning of a question.
MEERA: Right. We use what to ask about things.
KATE: Of course, we also work with bigger companies. And banks also serve
We use why to ask the reason for something.
members of the public. In fact, that’s how I started. My first job was as a cashier
in a small bank, serving the public. We use when to ask about time.
MEERA: Right. And how did you get ...? We use where to ask the location of something.
We use who to ask about people.
TU TOR And we use how to ask about the method of something.
When you want to describe your work and work history, for example when
applying for jobs, you often need to be specific. There are a number of verbs you TUTOR
can use to give details about your work now and your previous work experience.
Studied
Note how in the previous activity, Meera’s voice went up towards the end when U SEFU L LAN GUA GE: WORD S U SED IN JOB ADV ER TS
she asked a yes/no question. But when she asked a wh-question, her voice went
down. BARTON & CRAIG
Why did you choose banking?
Did you get business experience before you started work? www.bartonandcraig.com
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Salary: depends on previous experience
This is an opportunity to work for one of the country's leading travel agencies.
We were founded in 1982, and since then we have built our reputation by
providing a unique, individual service to all of our clients from our network of
COM PEHENSION: F IND IN G OU T A BOUT A JOB
12 offices. We have a wide range of clients from individuals to companies. Our
MEERA: Kate, can I ask your advice about something? client list includes a number of top international companies. We aim to give all
KATE: Of course. I’ll help if I can. our clients a personal service and make them feel special.
MEERA: Thanks. I’ve just seen an advert online for a job with Barton & Craig.
Do you think I should apply? This is a trainee-level post and full training is provided by members of our team.
KATE: Sorry, Meera. I don’t know Barton & Craig. What do they do? The work is interesting and varied, and involves looking after our clients and
MEERA: They’re a big travel agency. You remember, we were talking about advising them on their travel requirements. After the six-month training period, a
jobs last month. number of our trainees continue working with us. Most trainees who leave us
KATE: Yes. have been successful in finding other jobs within the industry. Our consultants
MEERA: And you said I should think about jobs in the travel industry. have regular opportunities for overseas travel and career development.
KATE: Yes, I remember.
MEERA: So, there’s a travel job that looks interesting. And my question is ... As this is a trainee-level post, previous experience of the travel industry is not
should I apply for it? essential, but some experience of working for a company is desirable.
KATE: OK. First of all, what’s the job title? However, you must have a degree (or equivalent qualification), speak at least
MEERA: Trainee travel consultant.
one foreign language and have a genuine interest in foreign travel.
KATE: And what does that involve?
MEERA: I don’t really know. Please send a CV and covering letter by email to hr@barton_craig.co.uk,
KATE: Oh. quoting reference TTC/654, no later than 15 April.
MEERA: I mean, there’s a short description on the jobs website, but it doesn’t
say much.
KATE: Well, what does it say? C OMPR EHEN SION : ASKING A BOUT BAR TON & CRA IG
MEERA: It says you will be looking after clients in the corporate sector. It’s an
interesting job with lots of variety. Full training is provided. Then there’s a link SUNIL: Hello, is that Meera?
to the jobs page on the Barton & Craig website. But I haven’t had time to read it MEERA: Speaking.
yet. The job was only posted yesterday. SUNIL: Hi, Meera. This is Sunil. I work for Barton & Craig.
KATE: I see. Well, I think the first thing you should do is find out more about MEERA: Oh, yes. Thanks so much for calling me, Sunil.
the job. But before you look at the job description, write a list of questions. SUNIL: No problem. So what do you want to know?
MEERA: Such as? MEERA: Well, I’m thinking of applying for the trainee travel consultant job.
KATE: OK. Well, first you need to find out about the job requirements. Do you I’ve read the job description on the company website.
SUNIL: Right.
need qualifications? If so, which ones?
MEERA: But I want to find out more from someone who works there. What’s
MEERA: OK.
the job like? Are you a travel consultant?
KATE: Now it says the job is a trainee travel consultant, but do they want you to
SUNIL: Yes, I am. I joined the company two years ago.
have any previous work experience? MEERA: So, what’s the job like?
MEERA: Yes, I’ll check that. SUNIL: I really love it. It’s enjoyable and satisfying.
KATE: Also, you need to find out ... MEERA: Well, that’s encouraging! What do you like about it?
MEERA: Hang on. I’m just writing this down. SUNIL: You get to meet lots of interesting clients from different parts of the
KATE: Sorry. And you also need to find out about the job itself. Where’s the job world.
based? Are you expected to travel as part of the job? MEERA: Right.
MEERA: OK. SUNIL: And you aren’t stuck in the office all the time. You travel a lot. For
KATE: And also, what are the job responsibilities? What’s the salary? example, we inspect a lot of the hotels we recommend.
MEERA: That sounds good.
MEERA: Right.
SUNIL: Yes, there’s lots of variety. No two days are the same.
KATE: And finally, what’s it like to work there?
MEERA: That’s so different from my current job! And what are Barton & Craig
MEERA: What do you mean? like to work for?
KATE: I mean, what kind of employer are they? Is the company friendly? Does SUNIL: They’re good employers. And the office is very modern, and it’s in the
it treat its employees well? centre of town, so it’s easy to get to.
MEERA: OK. But how can I find out about that? I mean, I’m sure the website MEERA: What are your colleagues like?
will say that Barton & Craig is a great employer, but how do I know if it’s true? SUNIL: They’re great! The people working here are all really nice. We’ve all
KATE: Yes, you’re right. You need to speak to someone who already works done lots of travelling, and some of us have lived abroad. So we’ve all had
there. My friend works in the travel industry. I’ll ask him if he knows anybody similar experiences.
in Barton & Craig. MEERA: That sounds good. Well, Sunil, thank you so much for talking to me. I
MEERA: Could you? That’s so kind, Kate. I really think that ... mustn’t keep you. I really appreciate it.
SUNIL: It’s a pleasure. And good luck with the application!
One of a group of ten trainees; received training in all aspects of store
TU TOR
management
There are many ways to find out information about a company you are thinking Education and qualifications
of applying to. One simple direct way is to ask other people who work for the Newton College, Manchester, UK – September 2008–June 2011
same company. They may be able to give you useful tips and advice!
BA in Business Studies (Class 2.1)
When you are applying for a job, you want to know facts about the company. Included modules in accounting, business law, marketing, human resources
You also want to know what the job is like. One of the questions Kate thought of management
was, What’s the salary? This question is asking about the salary level, a Mumbai British School, Mumbai, India – September 2002–June 2008
feature which is fixed, or a fact. When we ask about the features and A-levels in Economics, Mathematics and Geography
characteristics of something, we use the verb to be. GCSEs (10 passes)
Other skills
Another question Meera thought of was, What do you like about it? In this Four languages (Hindi, English, French, German)
question, Meera wants to know what Sunil likes about the job. When we ask Full driving licence
about an action, we use do with another verb, like in this example. Note that we
Interests
usually abbreviate what is to what’s when speaking in friendly and informal
situations. Overseas travel: I am a keen traveller and have been to Thailand, Vietnam, Laos,
Malaysia, Singapore and Japan. I also make regular visits to India.
Sport: hockey team captain at school
GR AMMAR: SIN GU LA R AND P LUR AL F ORM S Referee
Ms GR Godfrey
When using singular and plural verb forms, remember that the form of the verb HR Manager
changes to match the subject. Walkers Department Store
What is he/she/it ...? Frimley Road
What are you/we/they ...? LONDON S12 4ER
What am I ...? gillian.godfrey@walkers-stores.co.uk
What does he/she/it ...?
What do I/you/we/they ...?
For example:
TUTOR
What is he doing tonight?
What are they having for dinner? The covering letter explains to the employer why you think you are the right
What does she like to do for fun? person for the job. Your covering letter should make a positive impression and
What do we need to work on? encourage the recruiter to give your CV more attention. There are some standard
expressions and words that are used in a covering letter.
y carta de
1
Ms JR Williams
HR Manager
Barton & Craig
Preparandose para
KATE: And where you’ve listed the languages you speak, you should give the
level. I mean, you’re fluent in Hindi, aren’t you?
MEERA: Yes, I am. I speak it with my grandparents.
KATE: OK. But your French and German aren’t as good, right? I mean, you
studied them at school, but you aren’t fluent. So you need to write ‘basic’, or
‘working knowledge’ – something like that.
MEERA: OK.
KATE: And I think you should have more detail about your retail job and your
una entrevista
C OMPR EHEN SION : WHAT TO WEAR F OR AN IN TERV IEW
finance job. Say what skills the jobs involved. For example, dealing with the
public, being good with figures, dealing with complaints … all those skills are KATE: So, any news about the job, Meera?
transferable. MEERA: Yes. Well, I sent in my application and ... guess what?
MEERA: Sorry, what does that mean? KATE: What?
KATE: It means that they are skills which you can also use in the job you are MEERA: They’ve asked me to come in for an interview.
applying for now. KATE: That’s great news!
MEERA: Ah yes, I see. MEERA: Yes, but now I’m starting to worry.
KATE: Even though the new job is different from the jobs you did before, a lot KATE: Why?
of the skills you need are the same. MEERA: Well, I haven’t done many job interviews before. I did one for my last
MEERA: OK, I understand. Now, what about the covering letter? job, but that was very different. I’m feeling nervous now.
KATE: You shouldn’t be nervous. You’re a very confident person, Meera.
MEERA: Yes, I am. But there are so many things I’m not sure about.
TU TOR KATE: For example?
MEERA: Well, what should I wear for the interview? Should I wear formal
When applying for a job, it’s important to be able to describe your personal clothes?
qualities. We use adjectives like hard-working, well organised and sociable to KATE: OK. You’re working with corporate clients, right?
do this. As Kate says, 'Instead of writing "I work hard, am good at organising my MEERA: Yes.
work, and I get on well with my colleagues”, you could write “I am hard- KATE: And you’re dealing with clients face-to-face and not just on the phone?
working, well organised and sociable."' MEERA: Yes, that’s what Sunil told me.
KATE: Right. I think that means you should wear smart, formal clothes for your
interview. Maybe a dress and not jeans. Matching shoes. That kind of
thing.
USEF UL LA NGUAGE: DESC RIBING PERSON AL
QU ALITIES MEERA: Right. I think I need to buy some smart office clothes. We don’t wear
smart clothes in the accounts department. Everyone dresses casually.
MEERA: Now, what about the covering letter? Maybe it’s because we don’t meet the clients.
KATE: In general, I think it’s great. But I think you ought to say more about KATE: I see! Well, if you get this job, it’ll be very different, I think.
your travel experiences. MEERA: I hope so! Now, can you give me any advice ...
MEERA: OK. But I’ve listed all the places I’ve visited on my CV. I’m sure
they’ll be impressed.
KATE: Yes, I’m sure they will. But you can use the covering letter to say how C OMPR EHEN SION : ADV IC E FOR IN TERV IEWS
much you enjoy travelling, and why you enjoy it.
MEERA: You mean seeing new places, meeting lots of different people, MEERA: Now, can you give me any advice about what to do in the interview? I
experiencing different cultures? want to come across in the right way. You know, I want them to think I’m
KATE: Exactly! All those things are relevant for this job. Also you can explain professional, bright, friendly.
that the main reason you want a career in the travel industry is that you love KATE: Well, there are some obvious things. You should look at the interviewer
travel. and not at the floor. Listen carefully to what the interviewer is saying. Smile, but
MEERA: Yes, I see. not too much.
KATE: There’s one other thing in the letter. MEERA: Yes, yes. I know all that. But I’m worried in case they ask me difficult
MEERA: Yes? questions.
KATE: You say ‘I work hard, I am good at organising my work, and I get on KATE: I think you should try to anticipate some of the questions and prepare
well with my colleagues.’ some answers for them.
MEERA: Right. Is there a problem with that? Do you think they won’t believe MEERA: What do you mean?
me? All those things are true! KATE: Well, it’s a trainee job. So they will want to be sure that you’re
KATE: Yes, I’m sure they are. It’s just ... well, there are too many words. I think adaptable.
you could use fewer words. MEERA: Sorry?
MEERA: Fewer words? How can I do that? KATE: I mean, they’ll want to know that you’re good at learning new things and
KATE: Well, instead of writing ‘I work hard, I am good at organising my work, doing different kinds of work. And also they’ll need to be sure that you really
and I get on well with my colleagues’, you could write ‘I am hard-working, well want a change of career.
organised and sociable.’ MEERA: OK. I’ll just write that down.
KATE: Also, they’ll probably ask you about your previous job. So you ought to must + verb
mention all your transferable skills – you remember, we talked about those last
mustn't + verb
time.
MEERA: Dealing with the public, being good with figures, dealing with necessary to + verb
complaints … When we think it is important or morally right to do something:
KATE: Exactly – you remembered! And Meera ... ought to + verb
MEERA: Yes? ought not to + verb
KATE: Well … when you talk to me about your current job, you’re often a bit ...
important to + verb
negative about it.
MEERA: Negative? What do you mean?
KATE: I mean, when you talk to me about your job, you always say that it’s
TUTOR
boring, that your colleagues are dull, that you hate it, and so on. Anyway, you
mustn’t say that in your interview. When giving advice, we usually say the important words in the sentence with
MEERA: Well, I have to be honest. more emphasis – we make those words stronger. This is called stress. You stress
KATE: Yes, but if you’re negative about your present employer, that’ll create a the words with meaning, such as verbs and nouns: You must be on time. You
bad impression. should look at the interviewer.
MEERA: Yes, I see. When you use mustn’t and shouldn’t, you stress the negative words
KATE: Instead of saying your job is boring, why don’t you say that you’re ready themselves. You mustn’t say that. You shouldn’t be nervous.
for a new challenge?
MEERA: OK. ‘I’m ready for a new challenge.’ When Kate gives Meera friendly advice, she shortens the following expressions.
KATE: Excellent! And instead of saying that you don’t like your colleagues, She changes must not to mustn't and should not to shouldn't.
how about saying that you’re looking forward to working with new people who Note that we don’t pronounce these letters in the following words: the
share your interests? letter l in should, the letter l in shouldn’t, the letter t in mustn’t.
MEERA: ‘I’m looking forward to working with new people who share my In some situations, it's more common to use the full expression and this
interests.’ Is that OK? expresses an order. Then the word not is stressed. For example: You
KATE: Wonderful. I’m sure it’s all going to go really well. must not smoke in the building.You should not use your mobile phone.
MEERA: I hope so. And do you think I should ask the interviewer questions …?
MODULO 2: ENTREVISTAS DE TRABAJO
MEERA: Yes, I was so pleased that you wanted to interview me. There aren’t a
GRAMMAR: GIVING ADVICE lot of opportunities for someone who hasn’t worked in the travel industry before.
To give advice we use modal verbs and fixed expressions.
NEIL: Yes, entry-level jobs are hard to find. So ... because this is a trainee post,
When we think something is a good or bad idea: we don’t expect you to have previous experience of the travel industry. But we
should + verb do want to be sure you have potential – we have to decide how successful you’ll
be in the job – if we appoint you.
shouldn't + verb
why don't you + verb MEERA: Yes, I understand.
it's a good idea to + verb NEIL: Now, I’ve had a look at your CV and covering letter. I’d like to go into a
it's a bad idea to + verb bit more detail. Let’s start with your education. I see you went to school in India.
When we think it is necessary to do or to avoid something:
MEERA: Yes, that’s right. The school followed the UK curriculum so I
completed my GCSEs and A-levels there.
MEERA: Well, I wasn’t top of the class, but I wasn’t bottom of the class either. I
enjoyed some subjects more than others.
MEERA: Well, I liked maths. A lot of the girls found maths difficult, but I was
Aceptar un trabajo
good at it. And I also liked geography.
NEIL: Why?
MEERA: I’ve always enjoyed finding out about different places. I think maybe
it was partly because of geography that I did so much travelling later on.
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