Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

ENGLISH 8

Building Respect for

Intellectual Property

Quarter 1 Week 4 Module 4

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Use conventions in citing sources

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before you start answering the module, I want you to set aside other
tasks that will distract you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple
instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every
page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the
lessons. Writing enhances learning, which is important to develop
and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PP

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after
completing the lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts
to be mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills
that you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction-This section will give you an overview of the
lesson.
• Activities- These are activities designed to develop critical thinking
and other competencies. This can be done with or without a partner
depending on the nature of the activity.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and
applications of the lessons.
• Checking your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from
the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire module

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Lesson 1: Citing Sources

Expectations

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

A. realize the importance of citation;
B. differentiate in-text citation and reference citation;
C. cite sources through in-text and reference citation in APA format; and,
D. write an informative essay based on a chosen topic.

Pre-Test
Which among the following information are needed when citing sources? Put a
check mark opposite the number.

_____1. Place of publication _____6. Publishing company

_____2.Author’s name _____7. Reviewers’ Names
_____3.Editor’s name _____8.Address of World Wide page (URL)
_____4. Publication date _____9. Book/Newspaper/Magazine Title
_____5. Article Title _____10. Page Number

Looking Back to your Lesson

Vocabulary Development: Use context clues to define the underlined words.

1. Their songs are under copyright that’s why we cannot just use them as
background music for our Youtube videos.
______________________________________________________________________

2. Anthony’s professor found out that he plagiarized from an article that he

read in the internet that’s why he got suspended.
______________________________________________________________________

3. Her book is now ready for publication. I can’t wait to see its printed copy.
______________________________________________________________________

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 Brief Introduction

Intellectual Property (IP) refers to anything created out of the

human mind that the law protects from the unauthorized used by others.
These could be inventions, design, literary and artistic works, a brand name
(trade mark), symbols, or images used in commerce.

In writing academic essays, because intellectual property is protected by

law, proper citation is necessary to tell our readers that certain portion
or material in our work came from another source. We also cite our
sources for the following reasons:
a. to acknowledge the work of others,
b. to add credibility to your essay as it tells your readers that you have
made your research
c. to avoid plagiarism
d. to help other researchers in finding useful sources

What are the mistakes making citations?

1. Failure to use a source

2. No in-text citation, only references
3. No references, only in-text citations

Key Points

HOW DO WE CITE SOURCES?

A. In-Text Citation (a reference made within the body of text)

FORMAT: Author’s Last Name+Year of Publication+page (if applicable)

When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the
article title using double quotation marks, “headline- style” capitalization,
and the year.

Example: (“How To Make The Most Out of ECQ”, 2020)

Note that there are two ways to use a source: quote from it or
rephrase it in your own wording. Note also that an in-text citation
can only apply to the sentence it is part of.

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Example:

Quoted:
“The Freedom of Information Act must be passed to improve transparency in
government transactions and raise the country’s global anticorruption ranking, a
major prerequisite among potential foreign investors, and demanded by the
public”.
(Wallace, 2020)

Rephrased:

According to Wallace (2020), it is necessary to pass the Freed of Information Act

for transparency and for the improvement of our global anticorruption ranking.

B. Reference Citation (a list of the sources you have cited that come at the
end of your paper.)

There are many different ways to do reference citation but APA (American
Psychological Association) is one of the most common.

Be guided by the table below of APA formats for different sources.

Important Reminders:
1. Point out the importance of punctuation, italization, and capitalization. If
they are wrong, the citation is wrong.
2. Capitalize only the first word of a book or article title. Capitalize proper
nouns, initials, and acronyms in a title.
3. Separate a subtitle with a colon and a space. Capitalize the first letter of the
subtitle.

Source APA Format

Book Author’s Last Name, First Name Initial, Middle Name

Initial (Year of Publication). Book title: Subtitle, City
of Publication, Abbreviation of state of publication:
Publishing Company.

Examples:
• with one author

Dela Pena, W. (2010). The biologist’s dream:

Innovation in the biosciences, Manila: Rex
Publishing Company

• with two authors

Sampson, R.J., & Anderson J.H. (1993). Crime in the
making: Pathways and turning points through life.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

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Encyclopedia Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. (Year Published). Article
title. In Encyclopedia Name. (Vol.#, pp.). City,
State: Publisher.

Examples:
• with one author
Sanchez, M. R. (2018). Historical overview.
In Encyclopedia on Ancient Egypt. (3rd ed., pp. Xii-
Xv). New York, NY: National Geography Societ.

• with two authors

Lee, K., &Ronalds, G. (2000). Insects. In Encyclopedia of
Animals. (pp. 170-171). Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press.

Online Author’s Last Name, First Name Initial, Middle Name

Articles Initial (Year, Month Day). Article title.
Newspaper/Encyclopedia/Magazine Name,
Retrieved from URL.

Examples:
• with author

Aurelio, J.M. (2020, January 7). Duterte wants ‘standby

fund’ for repatriation of OFWs. Inquirer.Net, Retrieved
fromhttps://globalnation.inquirer.net.

Macairan, Evelyn (2020, January 7). It’s final: SC junks

petition for same-sex marriage. Philstar Global,
Retrieved from https://philstar.com.

• without author
How Smart and Globe will face 2020. (2019, December 18).
Telecommunications Today. Retrieved from
https://telecommunicationstoday.com.

Magazines Author’s Last Name, First Name Initial, Middle Name

Initial (Year, Month Day).Article title. Magazine /
Journal Title, Volume (Issue No.), pages.

Example:
• with one author
Sanchez, P.B. (1998, June 6). Exploding myths. New
Republic, 290, 17-19.

• with two authors

Sison, R.J., &Reid J.H. (1999). Trajectories of
change in criminal offending:Good marriages and the

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 distance process. American Sociological Review, 63(2),
225-238.

Newspapers Author’s Last Name, First Name Initial, Middle Name

Initial (Year, Month Day).Article title. Newspaper Title,
pages.

Edrales, E. F. (2010, June 14). Why internet connection is

fastest in South Korea. The Daily News, 14-16.

Activities

Exercise A - Complete the Table

Directions: Place the given information in their right column to complete
the chart.

To Kill A Mockingbird 1982

H. Warner Books
Lee New York

Author’s First Publication Book Title Place of Publisher

Last Name Date Publication
Name Initial
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

2004 Armour House Publication

The African Revival Nairobi
Book Title Publication Date Place of Publisher
Publication
7. 8. 9. 10.

Exercise B - Making Reference

Directions: Arrange the following information to create a reference citation.

1. Magazine
Author(s): Angeline Santos
Year: 2010
Title: A Study of Graduate Students
Page number: 18-20

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 Reference:
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. Book
Author(s): Mike Selim, Robert Brown
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Publishing
Title: Grammar and Composition
City of Publication: New York City, New York
Year: 2004

Reference:
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. Author(s): Alex Rivera and Carol Keyk

Publisher: Savior Publishing, Inc.
Title: A View From The Fifth
Publication: Manila
Year: 2008

Reference:
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Exercise C- Cite Sources

Directions: Study the following screen-captured images and create an in-

text citation based on the underline statements, and a reference citation
based on the given source of information.

Source: https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/features/coronavirus-affected-countries-
philippines-measures-impact-tourism-economy/
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In-Text Citation: (Quoted)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Reference Citation:
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

1.

Source: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/why-men-often-die-
earlier-than-women-201602199137

In-Text Citation: (Rephrased)

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Reference Citation:
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

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2.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200317-covid-19-
how-to-stay-happy-during-the-coronavirus-outbreak

In-Text Citation: (Quoted)

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Reference Citation:
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Writing Workshop: Writing an Informative Essay

An informative essay is written to inform the target audience about the

particular object, person, event, or phenomenon. The main purpose is to
explain a particular topic in details based only on facts.

In this workshop, you will write an informative essay about a topic of your
choice.

STEPS IN WRITING AN INFORMATIVE ESSAY:

1. Ask yourself: What topic will I write about? Choose a topic that you
know really well and would enjoy discussing.
2. Do some research and brainstorm on the topic. Make sure to jot down
only the reliable sources you used when doing your research and
properly cite them in your essay.
3. Make an outline on the development of your essay.

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 4. Use the format below for your outlining.

_______________________
(Title)

I. Thesis Statement:
________________________________________________________
II. Introduction:___________________________________________

III. Body
Main Topic: _______________________________________________
Sub-Topic:
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________

Main Topic: _______________________________________________

Sub-Topic:
a. ________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________

Main Topic: _______________________________________________

Sub-Topic:
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________

IV. Conclusion: _____________________________________________

Note: Write only the important points in your outline.

WRITING PROPER

Choose among the following suggested topics and develop an informative

essay about it.
a. The good effects of modernization
b. The bad effects of modernization

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 c. The aftermath of African slave trade
d. The impacts of Covid-19 to education
e. Leaders who are making difference during the pandemic
f. How to create a career in the gaming world

Remember to make at least three in-text citations and cite at least three
references that helped you develop your essay.

INFORMATIVE ESSAY RUBRICS

Criteria Very Satisfactory Fair Needs

Satisfactory Improvement
(4) (3) (2) (1)
Focus & There is one There is one There is one The topic and
Detail clear, well- clear, well- topic. Main main ideas are
focused topic. focused topic. ideas are not clear.
Main ideas are Main ideas are somewhat
clear and clear but are clear.
are well not well
supported by supported by
detailed and detailed
accurate information.
information.
Organization The The The There is no
introduction is introduction introduction clear
inviting, states states the main states the main introduction,
the main topic, topic and topic. A structure, or
and provides provides an conclusion is conclusion.
an overview of overview of the included.
the paper. paper. A
Information is conclusion is
relevant and included
presented in a
logical order.
The conclusion
is strong.
Voice The author’s The author’s The author’s The author’s
purpose of purpose of purpose of purpose of
writing is very writing is writing is writing is
clear, and there somewhat clear, somewhat unclear.
is strong and there is clear, and there
evidence of some evidence is evidence of
attention to of attention to attention to
audience. The audience. The audience. The
author’s author’s author’s
extensive knowledge knowledge
knowledge and/or and/or
and/or experience with experience with
experience with the topic is/are the topic is/are
the topic is/are evident. limited.
evident.

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Sentence All sentences Most sentences Most sentences Sentences
Structure, are well are well are well sound
Grammar, constructed constructed and constructed, awkward, are
Spelling and have varied have varied but they have a distractingly
structure and structure and similar repetitive, or
length. The length. The structure are difficult to
author makes author makes a and/or length. understand.
no errors in few errors in The author The author
grammar, grammar, makes several makes
mechanics, mechanics, errors in numerous
and/or and/or spelling, grammar, errors in
spelling. but they do not mechanics, grammar,
interfere with and/or spelling mechanics,
understanding. that interfere and/or spelling
with that interfere
understanding. with
understanding.

Citation Sources were Sources were Sources were No citation was

acknowledged acknowledged acknowledged made.
through in-text through in-text only through
citation and reference in-text OR
reference citation but reference
citation with no with minor citation with
error. errors. many errors.

Writing Sheet

Name: ____________________________ Gr. & Sec.:_________________ Date:________

__________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

References:

_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

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 Remember

Recall what you have learned from this lesson by answering the following
questions:
1. Why is citation important?
______________________________________________________________________
2. How do you properly cite sources?
_______________________________________________________________________
3. What is informative essay?
_______________________________________________________________________

Checking Your Understanding

How can you apply what you learn from this lesson in your life as a
student? What particular activities in school is this lesson on making
citations most useful?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Posttest

1. _________________ refers to anything created using human intellect

that is protected by law.
2. _________________ is the practice of taking someone else’s work and
claiming it as one’s own.
3. The mistakes of making citations are: failure to use a source, making
in-text citations only without reference citations, and
______________________.
4. The format of in-text citation is: Author’s last name+
____________________ + page

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5. Using a source could either be quoted or _________________.
6. __________________ is written to inform a target audience about a
particular topic.

Arrange the following:

7. Book - Author’s Last Name, First Name Initial, Middle Name
Initial (________________). Book title: Subtitle, City
of Publication, Abbreviation of state of publication:
____________________.
8. Online Article- __________________, First Name Initial, Middle
NameInitial (Year, Month Day). ________________.
Newspaper/Encyclopedia/Magazine Name,
Retrieved from __________

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 Reflective Learning Sheet

Name: _______________________Grade and Sec.______________

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Directions: Write a reflective learning on citing sources learned by

answering the questions inside the box. You may express your
answers in a more critical and creative presentation of your great
learning. Have fun and enjoy!

This lesson What learnings have What other example

guides me to reflect I found from this can I contribute to
on … lesson? explore and think
more?

What learnings can I What good character What is my

share with my family have I developed conclusion on the
and peers? from this lesson? lesson?

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References

“LibGuides: Scholarly Articles: How Can I Tell?: Home.” Home - Scholarly Articles:
How can I tell? - LibGuides at Oregon State University. Accessed May 24,
2020. https://guides.library.oregonstate.edu/c.php?g=285842.

University Libraries. “Why Cite Sources?” Choosing Using Sources A Guide to

Academic Research. The Ohio State University.Accessed May 24, 2020.
https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/choosingsources/chapter/why-cite/.

JustBuyEssay.com. “Recommendations on Informative Essay Writing.” Tips on How

to Write an A-grade Informative Essay – JustBuyEssay.com.Accessed May 22,
2020. https://justbuyessay.com/blog/informative-essay.

Duddu, Praveen, and Praveen. “Verdict Media Limited.” Pharmaceutical

Technology, March 31, 2020. https://www.pharmaceutical-
technology.com/features/coronavirus-affected-countries-philippines-
measures-impact-tourism-economy/.

Shmerling, Robert H. “Why Men Often Die Earlier than Women.” Harvard Health
Blog, February 19, 2016. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/why-men-
often-die-earlier-than-women-201602199137.

“Tips for How to Stay Happy in Troubling Times.” BBC Future. BBC, March 19,
2020. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200317-covid-19-how-to-stay-
happy-during-the-coronavirus-outbreak.

Essay Rubric. PDF file. May 21, 2020.

http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/printouts/Essay%20Rubric.
pdf.

16
 Acknowledgements

Writer: Mary Angeline V. Garcia, MT-I, Mariah Jaye L. Delos Santos, T-I
Editor: Marichu J. Hernandez, Head Teacher VI
Reviewer: Vicente M. Victorio, Jr. EPS
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division Superintendent-
Manila, Aida H. Rondilla-Chief Education Supervisor, Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and
Lady Hannah C Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS

Answer Key

Post-Test 2. According to Shmerling (2016), women, on average,

1. Intellectual Property live longer than men with an average life-span of
2. Plagiarism five years longer than men in the US, and about
3. Reference citation seven years longer worldwide.
only
4. Year of Publication Shmerling, R.H. (2016, February 19). Why men often
5. Rephrased dieearlier than women. Harvard Health
6. Informative Essay Publishing.Retrieved fromhttps://www.health.
7. Year of Publication ‘ harvard.edu/blog/why-men-often-die-
8. Author’s Last Name earlier-than-women-201602199137
Article Title
URL 3. “We can improve our mood by focusing on the small
things that bring happiness to us each day.” (Park,
2020)

Park, W. (2020, March 19). Tips for how to stay happy

in troubling times.BBC Future. Retrieved from
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/2020031
7-covid-19-how-to-stay-happy-during-the-
coronavirus-outbreak

17
Activities (B) Pre-Test
Santos, A. (2010). A study of graduate 1,2,4,5,6,8,9,10
students, 18-20.
Selim, M. & Brown, R. (2004) Grammar & Activities A
composition, New York. NY: 1. Lee
McGraw-Hill Publishing. 2. H.
Rivera, A. &Keyk, C. (2008).A view from the fifth. 3. 1982
Manila: Savior Publishing Inc. 4. To Kill A
Mockingbird
Activities (C) 5. New York
1. “Philippines, one of the high-risk countries from 7. Warner Books
the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak recorded the 7. The African Revival
first death outside China.” (Duddu, 2020)

Duddu, P. (2020, March 31). Coronavirus in

Philippines: the COVID-19 risks, impacts
and measures. Pharmaceutical
Technology, Retrieved from

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