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The cells of the human body require a constant stream of oxygen to stay alive. The
respiratory system provides oxygen to the body’s cells while removing carbon
dioxide.
There are 3 major parts of the respiratory system: the airway, the lungs, and the
muscles of respiration. The airway, which includes the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, carries air between the lungs and the body’s exterior.
The lungs act as the functional units of the respiratory system by passing oxygen into the
body and carbon dioxide out of the body. Finally, the muscles of respiration, including the
diaphragm and intercostal muscles, work together to act as a pump, pushing air into and
out of the lungs during breathing.
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17/10/2020 STEM Club: The Respiratory System - Eva Varga
Note: We used ltered water from our refrigerator but the lab instructions
called for distilled. A fun inquiry project would be to test if the color varies
with different types of water.
Bromothymol blue is an acid indicator and will thereby turn blue in a basic or neutral
solution and green or yellow-green in an acidic solution. The water was thereby light blue
in appearance. When carbon dioxide mixes with water, it forms a weak acid called
carbonic acid. This acid turns the bromothymol blue a green or yellow-green color.
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17/10/2020 STEM Club: The Respiratory System - Eva Varga
Materials
2-liter bottle with the bottom cut off
Hammer and nail to poke a hole in the lid
A straw inserted into this hole and secured in place with clay or glue
A balloon taped securely onto the other end of the straw
A swim cap held in place with a rubber band
When you inhale, your diaphragm, a band of muscles at the bottom of your chest cavity,
contracts. When your diaphragm contracts, it attens and pulls downward – just like
when you pull down on the plastic swim cap on the bottom of the model. As it does, the
volume of your chest cavity increases and the pressure inside it decreases. The pressure
of the air outside your body is then greater than the pressure inside the chest cavity, so
air rushes in through your mouth and nose.
When you exhale, your diaphragm relaxes and returns to its original shape, decreasing
the volume and increasing the pressure of air in your chest cavity. This forces air out of
your lungs.
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I then asked for a volunteer to take a big breath and exhale into the open end of the tube.
As he blew, the water inside the jug was forced out and replaced with the air he exhaled
(Carbon Dioxide and other trace gases). We were then able to measure the amount of air
he breathed out using the change in water level.
Bring it Home
Measure your own lung capacity using a calibrated milk jug as I described above. How
does your lung capacity compare to that of your parents or siblings? your friends?
How does your lung capacity change with exercise?
Why do some athletes (distance runners) train at high altitudes?
What is Emphysema, Pneumonia, Bronchitis and Sinusitis?
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