DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING

TUTORIAL SHEET -2

Q. 1. A cold storage plant is required to store 50 tons of fish. The temperature at which fish
was supplied = 35°C Storage temperature of fish = -10°C
Cp of fish above freezing point = 2.94kJ/kg°C
Cp of fish below freezing point = 1.26 kJ/kg°C
Freezing point of fish = -5°C
Latent heat of fish = 250 kJ/kg
If the cooling is achieved within half of a day, find:
a) Capacity of the refrigerating plant, b) Carnot COP
c) If actual COP = Carnot COP/2.5 find the power required to run the plant.

Q 2. A refrigerator working on Bell-Coleman cycle (Reverse brayton cycle) operates between 1

bar and 10 bar. Air is drawn from cold chamber at -10ºC. Air coming out of compressor is
cooled to 50ºC before entering the expansion cylinder. Polytropic law P.V1.3 = constant is
followed during expansion and compression. Find theoretical C.O.P of the origin. Take =1.4
and Cp = 1.00 kJ/kg 0C for air.

Q. 3. An air refrigerator working on the principle of Bell-Coleman cycle. The air into the
compressor is at 1 atm at -10ºC. It is compressed to 10 atm and cooled to 40ºC at the same
pressure. It is then expanded to 1 atm and discharged to take cooling load. The air circulation is
1 kg/s. The isentropic efficiency of the compressor = 80%
The isentropic efficiency of the expander = 90%
Find the following:
a) Refrigeration capacity of the system
b) C.O.P of the system
Take = 1.4, Cp = 1.00 kJ/kg ºC

Q. 4. The cock pit of a jet plane flying at a speed of 1200 km/h is to be cooled by a simple air
cooling system. The cockpit is to be maintained at 25oC and the pressure in the cockpit is 1 bar.
The ambient air pressure and temperature are 0.85 and 30oC. The other data available is as
follows:
Cock-pit cooling load=10 TR; Main compressor pressure ratio= 4; Ram efficiency=90%; Temp
of air leaving the heat exchanger and entering the cooling turbine = 60oC; Pressure drop in the
heat exchanger = 0.5; Pressure loss between the cooler turbine and cock-pit = 0.2.
Assuming the isentropic efficiencies of the main compressor and cooler turbine as 80%, find
the quantity of air passed through the cooling turbine and C.O.P. of the system. Take = 1.4,
Cp = 1.00 kJ/kg ºC

Q 5. A simple evaporative air refrigeration system is used for an aeroplane to take the load of
20 TR. The ambient air conditions are 20 oC and 0.9 bar. The ambient air is rammed
isentropically to 1 bar. The air leaving the main compressor at pressure 3.5 bar is first cooled in
the heat exchanger havinf effectiveness of 0.6 and then in the evaporator where its temp is
reduced by 5 oC. Thwe air from the evaporator is passed through the cooling turbine and then it
is supplied to cabin which is to be maintained at a temp of 25 oC and 1.05 bar. If the isentropic
efficiency of compressor is 80% and that of 75%, determine: 1.Mass of air bled off the main
compressor; 2. Power required for the refrigerating sytem; and 3.C.O.P. of the refrigerating
system.
Q. 6 A boot-strap cooling system of 10 TR capacity is used in an aeroplane. The ambient air
temperature and pressure are 20oC and 0.85 bar respectively. The pressure of air increases
from 0.85bar to 1 bar due to ramming action of air. The pressure of air discharged from the
main compressor is 3 bar. The discharge pressure of air from the auxiliary compressor is 4 bar.
The isentropic efficiency of each of the compressor is 80%, while that of turbine is 85%. 50%
of the enthalpy of air discharged from the main compressor is removed in the first heat
exchanger and 30% of the enthalpy of the air discharged from the auxiliary compressor is
removed in the second heat exchanger using rammed air. Assuming ramming action to be
isentropic, the required cabin pressure of 0.9 bar and temperature of air leaving the cabin not
more than 20oC, find: 1. The power required to operate the system; and 2. The COP of the
system. Draw the schematic and temperature-entropy diagram of the system. Take ƴ= 1.4and
Cp = 1kJ/kgK.

Q. 7 A boot-strap evaporatibve air refrigeration system is employed in an areoplane, moving

with a mach. Number of 1.3, to take 18 tonnes of refrigeration load of the cabin. The cooling
air is taken from the main co,pressore at 4.2 bar and further compressed to 5.2 bat which is run
by cooling turbine.

The following data may be used:

The ambient conditions …0.52 bar, - 120C
Isentropic efficiency of main compressor ..88%
Isentropic effieciency of secondary compressor ..82%
Isentropic effieciency of cooling turbine ..80%
Effectiveness of both heat exchangers ..0.42
Ramming efficiency ..90%
The temperature of air coming out of evaporatary cooler ..1000C
The pressure and temperature maintained in the cabin ..1 bar, ..270C
Determine the following:
(i) Mass taken from the main compressor for cabin cooling
(ii) Power required to run the refrigeration system, and
(iii) C.O.P. of the system
Take for air : cp = 1kJ/kg K and γ = 1.4.

Q.8 A regeenerative air refrigeration system is designed to take 18 tonnes of refrigeration load
of an air-craft cabin. The ambient air at pressure 0.82 bar and temperature 120C is rammed
isentropically till the pressure rises to 1.22 bar. The air bled off the main compressor at 4.4 bar
is cooled by the ram air in the heat exchanger whose effectiveness os 0.62. The air from the
heat exchanger is further cooled to 640C in the regenerative heat exchanger with a portion of
the air bled after expansion in the cooling turbine. The cabin is to maintained at a temperature
of 220C and a pressure of 1 bar. If the isentropic efficiencies of the compressore and turbine are
88 per cent and 82 per cent respectively. Determine the following :
(i) Mass of the air bled from cooling turbine to be used for regenerative cooling.
(ii) Power required for maintaining the cabin at required condition, and
(iii) C.O.P. of the system
Assume that the temperature of air coming out of regenerative heat exchanger is 1000C.
Q.9 The reduced anbient air-refrigeration system used for an aircraft consists of two cooling
turbines with heat exchanger in between. The output of both the turbines is used to run the fan.
The speed if tge airceraft is 1500 km/h. The ambiebt air conditions are 0.24 bar and -380C. The
air passing through the heat exchanger is discharged to the atmosphere with the help of fan.
The compressed air is cooled to 480C in the heat exchanger. The pressure ratio of the main
compressor run by a turbine from which air is bled off for the refrigeration purposes is 4.2.
There us a pressure loss of 0.06 bar at the supply air nozzle to the cabin. The cabin condition is
maintained at 1 bar pressure and 220C. If ramming effieciency = 88 per cent. Isentropic
efficiency of compressore = 82 per cent and isentropic efficiency of each turbine = 80 per cent,
determine the following :
(i) Mass flow rate of air supplied to the cabin if the cooling load in the cabin is 22 tonnes:
(ii) Air flow rare of ram air passed over the heat exchanger, if the maximum rise in temperature
is limited to 120 K;
(iii) Power used to drive the fan; and
(iv) C.O.P. of the system
Take for air: cp = 1 kJ/kg K; γ = 1.4.