Umali, John Carl Angelo G.

July 11, 2018

CE503 – CE51FC1 Engr. Yenco Tandoc
Research Work (Prelim)

1. Evaluation and factors that affect wastewater discharge.

The amount of supplied water that is directly converted into wastewater and the water
source due to infiltration of groundwater in the sewers. Also, the subtraction due to water not
entering sewage system.
Factors affecting quantity of sewage:
a) Types of area serve; Residential, Commercial, and Industrial
b) Population
c) Sewage disposal work
d) Rate of water supply
e) The shape, size, gradient and depth of sewers

2. Working formula for storm drainage time of concentration.

It is the time required by the entire drainage area to contribute to the runoff. Remember
that to compute the time of concentration, we are looking for a point from where it will take the
longest time to travel to the drainage area outlet.
Sheet Flow - it is the flow of water over the plane surface as a more or less uniformly thick
film or sheet of water, an iterative process.
wherein:
0.77
0.02 L
tc = tc = time of concentration (minutes)
S 0.385
L = maximum length of flow (m)

S = slope of the surface (ft/ft or m/m)

Shallow Concentrated Flow - at the end of sheet flow, water starts to accumulates into
small gullies and grass swales.
L
tsc =
V
When Paved (m/s): V =6.196 √ S
When Unpaved (m/s): V =4.197 √ S

Channel Flow - is fluid flow with a free surface open to the atmosphere.
2 1
L 1
tsc = wherein V = R 3 S 2
V n

3. Estimation of quantity of wastewater.

In order for the sewer lines to be designed, the quantity of wastewater should be
estimated for the correct diameter of pipes. If the pipes are too small, it can cause the flow of
wastewater too fast and too big that can cause siltation. Some addition (private water supplies,
infiltration of water) and subtractions (due to leakage of water pipe lines, and water
consumption for drinking, cooking, gardening of lawns, etc.) are done in it to determine
approximately correct quantity of sewage.