CEB 2043

REACTION ENGINEERING I
Chapter 00: Introduction

AQSHA
UNIV. TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS, MALAYSIA
AQSHA@UTP.EDU.MY
SEPTEMBER 2020

Image: Fiverr
SYLLABUS & TIMELINE

WEEK TOPIC ASSESSMENT NOTE

1 Chapter 0: Introduction to reaction engineering
2 Chapter 1: Introduction & mole balances Assignment 1
3 Chapter 2: Conversion and reactor sizing Quiz 1 Pop-Up
4 Chapter 3: Rate laws and stoichiometry Test 1 Will be scheduled
5 Chapter 4: Isothermal Reactor design – Batch & CSTR
6 Chapter 4: Isothermal Reactor design – PFR & PBR Assignment 2
7 Chapter 5: Collection & analysis of rate data Quiz 2 Pop-Up
8 Chapter 6: Multiple reactions - Introduction Test 2 Will be scheduled
9 Chapter 6: Multiple reactions – Series and Parallel
10 Chapter 8: Steady state non-isothermal reactor design Integrated Project Reactor Design
11 Chapter 10: Catalysis & Catalytic Reactor
12 Review – Study Week – Final Exam Prep Project Submission
COURSE DESCRIPTION & LEARNING OUTCOMES

Description
Introduction; Reaction kinetics; evaluation of Reaction kinetics; ideal reactors, choosing the
reactor and sizing for a reaction; Design for multiple reactions; Temperature & Pressure
effects for single reactions; Non-ideal flow reactor; Catalytic reactors

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this course, students should be able to:
1. Explain the fundamentals of different types of reactors and reactor operations
2. Apply the principles of chemical reaction engineering in solving reaction engineering
problems, for homogeneous and heterogeneous systems
3. Interpret and analyze reaction kinetics and reactor systems for optimum reactor
performance
4. Apply reactor design equations for a broad range of conditions including multiple
reactions, catalytic reaction and non-isothermal processes
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Part of the catalytic cracker at Fawley in the south of England.

1. Fractionating column to remove and recover the butanes
2. The catalyst regenerator
3. Fractionating column to remove and recover ethane by kind permission of ExxonMobil and Pail Carter Photography
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

A tubular reactor used in the production of methyl 2-methylpropenoate (PMMA). The reactor is heated by high pressure
steam which has a temperature of 470 K and is fed into the reactor at point 1 and leaves the reactor at point 2. The
reactants flow through the tubes
http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/
TYPES OF REACTOR – BATCH REACTOR
TYPES OF REACTOR - CSTR

CSTR CSTR Continuous

Industrial Lab Gasification Reactor
Scale Scale
TYPES OF REACTOR - PFR

Packing/Static Mixer

Plug Flow Reactor / PBR Laminar flow in an empty tube (top) &
through static mixer (bottom)

PBR/ Continuous Tubular Reactor

REACTION ENGINEERING

Heat Effects
Isothermal Design

Stoichiometry
Rate Laws
Mole Balance

CRE Algorithm
REACTION RATE

The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per
unit volume.

The rate of a reaction (mol/dm3/s) can be expressed as either:

• The rate of Disappearance of reactant : -rA
• The rate of Formation (Generation) of product : rP

Consider the isomerization

A→B
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
-rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume
rB = the rate of formation of species B per unit volume
GENERAL MOLE BALANCES

System
Volume
,V
Fj0 Gj Fj

In − Out + Generation = Accumulation

dN A
FA0 − FA +  r dV
A =
dt
FA0 = Entering molar flow rate of A (mol/time) [mol/s]
FA = Exiting molar flow rate of A (mol/time) [mol/s]
GA = Rate of generation(formation) of A (mol/time) [mol/s]
V = Volume of the system (vol) [m3 or L]
rA = Rate of generation(formation) of A (mol/vol•time) [mol/L.s]
NA = Moles of A inside the system Volume V (mol) [mol]
MOLE BALANCE SUMMARY
CONVERSION

a A+bB⎯ ⎯→ c C + d D
Choose limiting reactant A as basis of calculation

b c d
A+ B⎯
⎯→ C + D
a a a

Define conversion, X
moles A reacted
X =
moles A fed
MOLE BALANCE – CONVERSION – SUMMARY
MOLE BALANCE SUMMARY
LEVENSPIEL PLOTS
REACTOR IN SERIES
RATE LAWS

 
− rA = kC A CB α order in A
β order in B
Overall Reaction Order = α + β

Power Law Model:

▪ A rate law describes the behavior of a reaction.
▪ The rate of a reaction is a function of temperature (through the rate
constant) and concentration.
ARHENIUS EQUATION

k = Ae −E RT

k is the specific reaction rate (constant) and is given by the Arrhenius

Equation. where: 

T → k → A
k T →0 k →0
A  1013
T
FINDING RATE LAW
REACTION COORDINATE – ENERGY STATE
BATCH SYSTEM STOICHIOMETRY TABLE
MULTIPLE REACTION

• Series :A→B→C
• Parallel : A → D,
A→U
• Independent : A → B,
C→D
• Complex : A + B →C + D,
A+C→E
With multiple reactors, either molar flow or number of moles must be used (no conversion!)
SELECTIVITY AND YIELD

Example: A + B ⎯⎯→
k1
D Desired Product: rD = k1C A2CB
A + B ⎯⎯→
k2
U Undesired Product: rU = k2C ACB
Instantaneous Overall
rD ~ F
Selectivity S DU = S DU = D
rU FU
rD ~ FD
Yield YD = YD =
− rA FA0 − FA

rD k1C A2CB k1
SD U = = = CA
rU k 2C ACB k 2

To maximize the selectivity of D with respect to U run at high concentration of A and use PFR.
STEADY-STATE NON-ISOTHERMAL REACTOR
CATALYSIS & CATALYTIC REACTOR
© 2020 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PETRONAS SDN BHD
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