Dawn 15 October, 2020 by M.Usman and Rabia K

ICEP
DAWN EDITORIALS & OPINIONS

ANALYSIS
Dated: 15 October, 2020
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CONTENTS TABLE
Page Title Section/Category
04 South Asia is changing South Asia
05 Need for sectarian harmony National Affairs
07 More progress needed Economic Affairs
08 Preserving wildlife Wildlife
09 Nobel for WFP Nobel Prize winner
10 An Orwellian World Global affairs
11-27 Writing and Vocabulary Practice
28 The Pros And Cons Of Globalization Globalization
32 The sole spokesman Book Analysis
37 My Voice, Our equal future Girl’rights
39 Should juvenile delinquents be punished Crime and
Punishment
41 Denying justice ensuring delay Justice as a theory
44 The future of Israel and Palestine Israel’s and Palestine
47 Muslims in Macron's views Islamophobia
50 We can’t Undo Globalization, but We Can Globalization
Improve it
52 FATF and the politics behind 'terrorism' Political affairs
56 The sociological Imagination Sociology
59 ISI: Pakistan's first line of defence Pak Institution
COLOURS Used:
Red for Difficult Vocab
Green for Important Figures and contents
Others colours used where necessary
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DAWN+ EDITORIALS SECTION
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South Asia is changing | Daily times
Why in news
It is an undeniable fact that South Asia is changing in ways that would

not have been imaginable just a few years ago and Pakistan, along
with China, is the main driver of this change. That is primarily
because Pakistan is China’s main partner at a time when the Middle
Kingdom is using a strategy that has been in play for about five
decades to carve its image across the region. For it is a great testament
to Chinese imagination, planning, development and growth that it is
able to revive an ancient trade route in the 21st century and, what is
more, it has the necessary financing power and more to make this
vision a reality.
China and Pakistan playing a leading role in S.A | Changing Dynamics
The main spoilers in this remarkable makeover are the United States and its only
real satellite in the region, India. Back when President Obama ran the White
House, Washington devised what it considers its own ingenious (resourceful)
Pivot (central point) to Asia policy which, for all the flowery language, was really
meant only to check and contain China’s extraordinary growth and outreach.
Washington realises, of course, that at this rate of growth Beijing will not just
challenge but overtake the US in every way necessary to become the world’s leading
superpower sometime in the middle of this century. And the way the Trump
administration is on a mission to wreck America’s prestige and standing in the
world community, that timeline could even be pushed ahead a little.
Yet while the Americans like to hurt China directly the Indians do both, hit the
Chinese and also discredit their crucial partner Pakistan. That is why Foreign
Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi was spot on the other day that under his
watch Delhi’s narrative about Pakistan sponsoring terrorism all over the world all
the time no longer sells so easily. Even the Americans have shifted from two decades
of officially labelling Pakistan and its intelligence services sponsors of terrorists and
terrorism to appreciating Islamabad’s help in settling the Afghan war.
Way forward
Going forward, all China and Pakistan really need to do is keep their eye on the ball
and make sure nothing interrupts BRI (Belt and Road Initiative) or CPEC
(China Pakistan Economic Corridor) because that is the best way of defeating
any form of propaganda. When other nations see all the benefits enhanced trade in
the modern era brings to everybody in the chain, surely they would also want to hop
on (get on) instead of siding with the Americans and Indians to defeat to whole
project.
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Need for sectarian harmony | Pakistan Observer
Why in news
WHILE condemning the killing of prominent scholar Maulana

Adil Khan in Karachi, Prime Minister Imran Khan has said
that for the last three months, India has been attempting to target
religious scholars from both Sunni and Shia sects to create sectarian
conflict across the country. Maulana Adil Khan, along with his driver,
was gunned down in Shah Faisal Colony. The slain (deceased)
scholar was associated with Jamia Farooqia, a university of Islamic
studies.
Pakistan and Intelligence agencies need to be extra vigilant to deter

plans.
Apart from the Prime Minister, people from all walks of life including politicians,
religious scholars, celebrities and others condemned the killing, terming it an
attempt to disrupt law and order of the city, which has a bloody history of sectarian
conflicts. There is no doubt that the Prime Minister and other senior officials of the
Government have long been warning about the conspiracy being hatched by India to
fan (fuel,stir up) sectarian confrontation in Pakistan but the question arises what
we have done on the intelligence front to foil (prevent) designs of the enemy.
India’s involvement in stirring trouble in Karachi and Balochistan is documented
and Pakistan provided dossiers ( file containing detailed information ) to the
United Nations and influential capitals but there is need to take counter-measures
both on administrative and ideological fronts.
Hate speech is already banned but there is evidence that some unscrupulous
(unprincipled) elements are making the job of the enemy easy by dividing the
society on sectarian lines as they continue to spread venom (hatred) against other
sects. It is also a fact that intelligence agencies and law enforcing agencies can only
succeed if they are fully backed and supported by people in their professional
responsibilities. Unfortunately, instead of focusing on real issues of the country, we
are wasting our energies on political issues as is evident from the extreme level of
tension between the Government and the Opposition.
Way forward
The authorities concerned should contact prominent and influential scholars
belonging to different schools of thought and bring them to one table in all parts and
regions of the country to discuss the situation and build consensus on the need to
promote harmony. Efforts to strengthen sectarian harmony should begin from
grassroots in view of dangerous polarization in the society. Similarly, all sectarian-
related incidents should be thoroughly investigated and foreign hand exposed
before the international community.
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Vocabulary description
grassroots (adjective): of or pertaining to the common people; of a source or origin.
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More progress needed | Dawn Editorial
FATF threat : The sword of domcales hanging over Pakistan
IT has been over two years since Pakistan was placed on the FATF grey list. During
this period, Islamabad has amended numerous laws and taken several actions to
remove the weaknesses in its AML/CFT regime to address FATF concerns over
money laundering and terror financing. But these measures have not impressed the
global body. Since the exact details of the FATF’s demands remain shrouded
(covered) in unnecessary secrecy, it is hard to weigh what the government chooses
to tell the people against what the FATF has divulged so far. Hence, it’s difficult to
evaluate the decision of the APG ( Asia Pacific Group), the FATF’s regional affiliate,
to retain Pakistan in the ‘enhanced follow-up’ list.
Why in news
The APG has acknowledged that the country has made “some
progress” in addressing the deficiencies in its framework to fight
money laundering and terror financing. Its latest report, for example,
concedes that Islamabad has made robust progress on 27 action
points, including legislation in 15 areas, recommended by the FATF,
and that measures had been taken to reduce vulnerability of national
savings, Pakistan Post and real estate dealers to money laundering
and terror financing. Yet it doesn’t find major changes in technical
compliance, noting that the improvement is not “sufficient”. Thus, the
progress on FATF recommendations in large part remains unchanged
from a year ago.
Critical Analysis | It is unclear whether the report will have any impact on
the FATF’s decision to remove from or retain Pakistan on the grey list in its
meeting starting Oct 21. Many are hopeful that Pakistan will be moved out of the
list as the latest review is based on the country’s performance until February this
year. Islamabad has since made substantial progress on the recommendations, even
though issues related to enforcement remain.Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood
Qureshi expects the country to be taken out of the grey list “soon”. How soon? He
didn’t specify. He himself appears unaware of the outcome of the plenary. Pakistan
needs the support of a minimum of 12 member countries of the 39-member FATF to
exit the grey list. Chances are we may not be able to secure the required support in
the forthcoming FATF meeting but will get more time to work on our AML/CFT
regime.
Way forward | Nevertheless, it is time for the world to appreciate Pakistan’s

efforts and the willingness of the country’s leadership to do more to comply with the
FATF’s mandate so that Pakistan can be removed from the grey list. At the same
time, Islamabad must be more transparent and step up its efforts to create a
stronger legal framework, which is at par with global AML/CFT standards and FATF
requirements. By ensuring transparency, it will be able to effectively quash concerns
that some of the recent changes in the laws are meant more to hunt the opposition
leadership rather than meet the FATF’s demands
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Preserving wildlife | Dawn Editorial
Why in news
IN an effort to redress biodiversity loss, the climate change ministry

recently announced that it would create Pakistan’s first ‘National
Red Data Book on Mammals’.
Details
Based on field surveys that will be led by a team of experts, the book aims to be a
rich source of information for policymakers and researchers, identifying the
multilayered threats to wildlife species and documenting the population of
mammals in the country. From intrusions (infringement) into their natural
habitats, to the destruction of their food supplies, the rapid urbanisation,
industrialisation and deforestation of the past few decades have resulted in major
disturbances in the country’s diverse ecosystems.
▪ Pakistan is believed to have the second highest rate of deforestation in

Asia.
▪ And with an annual fertility rate of 3.6 children per couple, the country’s
growing population leads to an unprecedented strain for space and resources.
▪ For instance, the increase in domestic livestock alone is responsible for large
acres of land being lost to grazing. Then there is the other human-made
problem of pollution, and particularly plastic pollution that clogs landfills and
water bodies, posing an existential threat to various land, marine and bird
species.
Critical Analysis | Alarming ecosystem for wildlife specifies
The present century’s rapidly changing weather patterns only add to the threat to
native wildlife species, which is especially worrying given that Pakistan is one of the
countries most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. (However, in some
instances, extreme weather has proven to be a blessing for certain wildlife species,
and there was a noted increase in the Indus dolphin’s population after the
disastrous floods of 2010-11.) Last year, the International Union for
Conservation of Nature warned that thousands of species were at risk of
‘vanishing’ due to climate change, as it updated its Red List of Threatened Species to
include 1,840 new animal and plant life. As we try to find ‘lessons’ amidst the
tragedy of the novel coronavirus pandemic, our extractive relationship with nature
and other forms of life should not be overlooked.
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Nobel for WFP | The Express Tribune
THE Nobel Peace Prize often goes to statesmen and activists who have done
great service to the cause of peace in the world.
Why in news
However, this year the Norwegian committee that decides the prize
went for an unusual winner: the UN’s World Food Programme.
The choice of winner indicates the seriousness hunger poses to world
peace; in the words of the committee chair, “the link between hunger
and armed conflict is a vicious circle”, adding that while conflict leads
to food insecurity, lack of access or availability of food can also stir up
conflict.
WFP achievements |
The WFP helped feed 97m people last year, particularly in Yemen, as well as
other troubled regions such as South Sudan and Congo. Moreover, the Covid-19
pandemic and the global recession it has engendered risks pushing between 83m
and 132m people into hunger. As the WFP’s head warned earlier this year, the world
is facing “multiple famines of biblical proportions”. While poorer states and conflict
zones have been hit hard by hunger due to the pandemic, even richer nations are not
immune. For example, shocking images of serpentine breadlines (twisting lines
of people to get food) in the US — the world’s number one economy — over the last
few months illustrate the depth of the problem.
Critical Analysis | Root causes of hunger must be supplanted |
As for how to address this key issue, there are no easy answers. While the WFP must
be commended for stepping in to feed millions of vulnerable people, the root causes
— conflict, inequality, poverty — that fuel global hunger must be addressed. Ideally,
the destructive cycle of conflict and hunger must be broken. In places like Yemen
this is possible if the powerful actors involved in this brutal war show the resolve to
cease hostilities. Tackling food waste can be another solution, as over a billion
tonnes of food are wasted every year. And considering that the global economy will
be in frail (weak) health for the foreseeable future, social safety nets must be put in
place to ensure that the poorest and the weakest in the world don’t go to sleep
hungry.
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An Orwellian World | Th Nation
Why in news
Undoubtedly, global terrorism is a formidable (frightening)

challenge nowadays. However, this does not mean that the states
should have access to their citizens’ online activities without any
barriers or limitations whatsoever. The “Five Eyes” intelligence
alliance’s demand from the tech companies to insert “backdoors” in
encrypted apps is hugely problematic.
The age of digital surveillance and the need of protection | Critical

Analysis
If tech companies yield (surrender) to the pressure exerted on them from the allied
nations, law enforcement agencies will be able to access an individual’s online
activity at any time, even in hitherto “secure” apps such as . Many of the tech
companies are American, with hundreds of millions of users around the world. The
introduction of “backdoors” in encrypted apps will also violate the right to privacy of
citizens of other states.
Indeed, we are rushing to enter the age of digital surveillance where a user’s online
privacy will no longer be protected. The tech companies must resist the unjust
demand of the intelligence alliance. Chances that the states, while accessing a
person’s internet usage, will abuse the right to privacy and use the “backdoors” as a
new tool of control cannot be ruled out at all. The breach of an individual’s privacy is
just one of the many issues that come with the insertion of roundabout means to
compromise the end-user’s privacy. Another problem, in case the tech companies
kneel before “Five Eyes,” is the vulnerability of the national security of other states.
Many state functionaries use these apps. Unmitigated access will undermine the
national security of any nation by default as these officials’ privacy can be abused at
any time. National security of all states—and not just the US, the UK, New
Zealand, Canada and Australia—is to be protected no matter what.
Challenges to protect privacy |
Additionally, with granting further access to law enforcement agencies, the

possibility of non-state actors to hack sensitive information will increase manifold
(in many ways). This also opens up a Pandora’s Box (series of problems) for both
national and personal security. Can these states really ensure that all of these issues
will be taken into account if access is given? The answer is a resounding no, which is
why technology companies should not even consider this as an option.
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ENGLISH WRITING PRACTICE

Hybrid Warfare. ( Rough Essay not completed )
Outline
CSS Essay Outline on Hybrid Warfare, Fifth Generation Warfare

I. Hybrid warfare, Gray zone warfare, Fifth Generation warfare
II. The USA most powerful military empire
III. The changing character and the taxonomy of conflict. Why more
conflicts are being fought at the lower end of the conflict spectrum. IV.
Inevitable transformation of China and Russia military might V.
Influence of Unrestricted Warfare (1999 PLA)by Qiao and Wang VI.
Why Russia and China evolved their unique strategies ?
VII. Chin’s “informationised” warfare-decades old military strategy
VIII. Fought in five domains
IX. Comprehensive toolset: Methods employed
X. Major theatres
XI. Major players
XII. Russian grey-zone strategy
XIII. Chinese greyzone strategy expanding the turbulent maritime
periphery: Gray Zone conflicts with Chinese characteristics –
String of Pearls policy-What are the pearls at the IOR- Indian
Ocean region?
XIV. BRI’s six arms
XV. Iran
XVI. Israel and the challenges of Hybrid Warfare
XVII. India’s hybrid warfare against Pakistan
XVIII. Iran’s hybrid war against Pakistan
XIX. The Arab countries hybrid war against Pakistan
XX. Prominent complexities, paradoxes, and nuances at the heart ofthe
gray zone idea
XXI. Options for Pakistan: Need of coherent response and
counterstrategies to hybrid warfare
XXII. Conclusion (Dedicated to Shahryar Afridi, Interior Minister, his
most favorite topic)

CSS Essay Outline on Hybrid Warfare, Fifth Generation Warfare
In the modern parlance of military configuration, the much-hyped mantra of the
Hybrid Warfare or the Fifth Generation Warfare is one of the most complexes, vague
and threateningly overlapping component of war. In the post-WW II scenario, the
US has developed world-class military might, sophisticated society, and
exponentially booming economic prowess. This, with the grim progression of events,
paved the way for countering the global US hegemonic status through asymmetric,
unconventional warfare strategies. As a result, the invasive, lethal form of hybrid
warfare gained momentum.
“There are but two types of men who desire war: those who haven’t the slightest
intention of fighting it themselves, and those who haven’t the slightest idea what it
is. … Any man who has seen the face of death knows better than to seek him out a
second time.” Ibraham Lincoln
I. Hybrid warfare, Gray zone warfare, Fifth Generation warfare

A. Literal meaning
1. Combination of two or more distinct elements
B. In the parlance of modern military warfare
1. deliberately designed to remain below the threshold of conventional military

conflict and open interstate war
2. Achieve those gains without escalating to overt warfare
3. Without crossing established red-lines
4. Without exposing the practitioner to the penalties and risks that such escalation
might bring
5. The province of revisionist powers—those actors that seek to modify some aspect of
the existing international environment—and the goal is to reap gains, whether
territorial or otherwise
6. Unlike traditional warfare, grey-zone strategies will not produce decisive results
within defined time frame
7.
II. The USA most powerful military empire

A. The most capable armed forces in the world spending more than the next nine
nations combined
III. The changing character and the taxonomy of conflict. Why more
conflicts are being fought at the lower end of the conflict spectrum.
A. Globalization
B. Mass access to technology and communications
C. Asymmetric reactions to U.S. tactics in Afghanistan and Iraq

IV. Inevitable transformation of China and Russia military might
A. H.R. McMaster, Donald Trump’s national security adviser, once observed:
“There are two ways to fight the United States: asymmetrically and stupid”.
B. The emerging powers do threaten critical U.S. interests through “strategic

disruption”, means the use of asymmetric methods.
V. Influence of Unrestricted Warfare (1999 PLA)by Qiao and

Wang
A. A combination of different warfare and tactics for the achievement of objectives
VI. Why Russia and China evolved their unique strategies ?
A. The use of state of the art weapons by the US equally impressed by the precision-
strike capabilities that America demonstrated in the first Gulf war, sought ways to
reap some of the political and territorial gains of military victory without crossing
the threshold of overt warfare.
VII. Chin’s “informationised” warfare-decades old military

strategy
A. Revolution in military affairs
B. Advances in microprocessors
C. Sensors and communications
VIII. Fought in five domains

A. Physical landscape
B. Cognitive manipulation
C. Information spectrum
D. Economic fabric
E. Social configuration
IX. Comprehensive toolset: Methods employed
A. Disruptive cyber attacks

B. Propaganda and subversion
C. Economic blackmail and sabotage
D. Sponsorship of proxy forces
E. Creeping military expansionism
F. Destabilizing social media influence
G. Anonymous “little green men” instead of recognizable armed forces making overt
violations of international borders
X. Major theatres
A. Russia annexed Crimea
Russia annexed Crimea and is fomenting civil conflict and separatism in eastern
Ukraine; Russia’s aggressive actions in Ukraine, for example, directly challenge
international norms against territorial annexation and put NATO solidarity at risk.
B. The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)

The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) burst into international headlines by
beheading civilians and grabbing land in Iraq and Syria; ISIL controlling parts of
Iraq and Syria threatens global energy markets, decreases regional stability, and
increases the chance of conflict between Sunni and Shia communities.
C.Boko Haram in Nigeria

Boko Haram has been conducting a brutal insurgency in Nigeria; and
D. The Houthi rebellion in Yemen

The Houthi rebellion in Yemen has accelerated and driven the country’s president
out of the capital. The Houthi insurgency increases the risk of a regional clash
between Iraq and Saudi Arabia, which could also spark a broader Sunni-Shia
conflict.
E. The Afghan Taliban in Afghanistan
F. The Kurds in the Middle East and Asia
G.
XI. Major players

The clearest recent cases of grey-zone challenges are Russia’s intervention in
Ukraine, China’s assertive behaviour in the South and East China Seas and Iran’s
use of proxy militias to establish an arc of influence from Iraq through Syria into
Lebanon. All three countries recognise and to some extent fear superior Western
military power. But all of them also see vulnerabilities that they can exploit.
XII. Russian grey-zone strategy
A. To undermine faith in Western institutions

B. Encourage populist movements by meddling in elections
C. Using bots and trolls on social media to fan grievances and prejudice but in Ukraine
Russia provided a near-textbook example of it in its modern form, using a variety
of techniques: sophisticated propaganda that stirred up local grievances and
legitimized military action; cyber attacks on power grids and disruption of gas
supplies; covert or deniable operations, such as sending “little green men” (soldiers
in unmarked green army uniforms) into Crimea and providing weapons and
military support to separatist irregular forces; the threat of “escalating to de-
escalate”, even including limited use of nuclear weapons. Since 2014, Russia has
destabilized and dismembered Ukraine through the use of armed proxies,
“volunteer” forces, and unacknowledged aggression.

XIII. Chinese greyzone strategy expanding the turbulent maritime
periphery: Gray Zone conflicts with Chinese characteristics – String of
Pearls policy-What are the pearls at the IOR- Indian Ocean region?
String of Pearls the network of Chinese intentions in India Ocean Region (IOR). The
network of Chinese military and commercial facilities developed by China in
countries falling on the Indian Ocean between the Chinese mainland and Port
Sudan.
A. Gwadar (in Pakistan) the Port of Gwadar Port of Chhabar in Iran

B. Hambantota (in Sri Lanka) the Port of Hambantota for Chinese use
C. Chittagong (in Bangladesh) the Port of Chittagong which gives it a free access to the
Bay of Bengal, which is strategically very important
D. Sittwe (in Myanmar) Kyaukpyu port. The Bay of Bengal has given China access to
have a commercial Maritime facility which can be used as a military facility at the
time of conflict E. Maroa, Maldives the Male airport(Feydhoo Finolhu) to a Chinese
company for 50 years at the cost of 4 million dollars
XIV. BRI’s six arms

A. New Eurasian Land Bridge
B. China – Mongolia – Russia Corridor
C. China – Central Asia – West Asia Corridor
D. China – Indochina Peninsula Corridor
E. China – Pakistan Corridor
F. Bangladesh – China – India – Myanmar Corridor
Chinese complicity in Russian-style hacker attacks on the West, but officially

sanctioned trolls send out hundreds of millions of social-media posts every year
attacking Western values and pumping up nationalist sentiment. In Asia, China is
using gray zone tactics as part of a campaign of creeping expansionism in the South
China Sea. China’s grey-zone campaign to assert uncontested control over the South
China Sea and jurisdiction over disputed islands in the East China Sea has been
going on for much longer, and has turned a darker shade of grey over time as the
country’s confidence and power has grown. Since 2009, when China submitted a
map to the United Nations showing a “nine-dash line” that supported its claim to
“indisputable sovereignty” over 90% of the South China Sea (see map), it has
applied what James Holmes of the US Naval War College has described as “small-
stick diplomacy” (as opposed to the big stick of conventional naval power), using its
highly capable coastguard and militiamen embedded in its fishing fleet to push
other littoral states out of waters to which it claims ancestral rights.
It has been able to cow most of its neighbours into sulky acquiescence while
avoiding a direct confrontation with American naval ships, which did not want to
risk a major incident over what China portrayed as maritime policing. When in 2013
China took its provocations a step further by sending civil engineers to the Spratly
and Parcel archipelagoes to construct artificial islands, Xi Jinping said China had no
intention of militarizing them. But in 2017, satellite images released by the Centre
for Strategic and International Studies showed shelters for missile batteries and
military radar installations being constructed on the Fiery Cross, Mischief and Subi
Reefs in the Spratly Islands. Fighter jets will be on their way next. Mr Holmes
suggests that such strategic gains cannot now be reversed short of open warfare,
which means they will almost certainly not be. The advent of Mr Trump serves
Chinese aims too. His repudiation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership removed a
challenge to China’s regional economic hegemony, a key objective of its grey-zone
strategy. And the American president’s hostility to free trade and his decision to
withdraw from the Paris climate accord has allowed Xi Jinping to cast himself,
improbably, as a defender of the international order.
XV. Iran
A. Hizbullah
America’s inconsistency and lack of a long-term strategy in the Middle East has
offered boundless opportunities for grey-zone advantage-seeking. In the Middle
East, Iran is using, as it has for many years, subversion and proxy warfare in an
effort to destabilize adversaries and shift the balance of power in the region. These
are leading examples of the gray zone phenomenon today.
XVI. Israel and the challenges of Hybrid Warfare
XVII. India’s hybrid warfare against Pakistan

A. Hydrological warfare
B. Terrorism and separatism in Pakistan
C. Opposition to CPEC
D. The mantra of isolation
E. Media war and propaganda
F. Relations with Afghanistan
G. Construction of Iran’s Chabahar’s port
H. Surgical strikes
I. Transforming military doctrines
XVIII. Iran’s hybrid war against Pakistan

A. Stocking religious tensions
B. Giving space to India
XIX. The Arab countries hybrid war against Pakistan

A. Making Pakistani ports dysfunctional by creating law and order situation in
Karachi and Pakistan
XX. Prominent complexities, paradoxes, and nuances at the heart

of the gray zone idea
A. Gray zone” cannot mean everything if it is to mean anything
B. Gray zone challenges are the wave of the future—and a blast from the past
C. Gray zone conflict reveals both the strengths and weaknesses of the international
order
D. Gray zone strategies are weapons of the weak against the strong—and of the strong
against the weak
E. Confronting gray zone challenges requires both embracing and dispelling
ambiguity
F. Gray zone conflict is aggression, but military tools are only part of the response
G. America is not poorly equipped for the gray zone—but it may not be fully prepared
H. Gray zone challenges can be productive and counterproductive at the same time
XXI. Options for Pakistan: Need of coherent response and

counter strategies to hybrid warfare
A. Strengthening capacities
Pakistan should increase its abilities to understand, adapt, and prevail in these
conflicts so that they do not grow to a level of strategic disruption that threatens
vital Pakistan interests.
B. Best special operations forces and more specialized conventional capabilities

Pakistan must also ensure that some of its conventional capabilities are organized,
trained, and equipped for these ever-expanding conflicts. Traditional military
capabilities remain essential for deterring and defeating threats at the higher end of
the conflict spectrum, but effectively dealing with an era dominated by gray zone
conflicts requires more. The best special operations forces in the world and more
specialized conventional capabilities will both be necessary to fight and win in the
gray zone.
C. The defense complex should design special operations forces (SOF)

1. The conflict spectrum- SOF are deliberately designed, trained, and equipped to
address the part of the conflict spectrum where gray zone conflicts occur.
2. In-depth cultural knowledge- they bring in-depth cultural knowledge to
regional skirmishes around the world, often including language skills and years of
building personal relationships. They can operate with low visibility and moderate
risk, calling little attention to their actions. They can also provide highly capable
headquarters elements to help oversee these complex challenges — organizations and
leaders steeped in interagency and regional expertise, with deep cultural and
unconventional warfare knowledge and experience.
D. Bolstering potent economic and financial tools

E. Developing arsenal of cyber weapons, expert special forces
F. Establishing a network of alliances
G. Capitalizing on unmatched soft power
H. Making media professional and autonomous
I. Bringing political and constitutional reforms
J. Putting an end to extra-territorial involvement in military and political affairs
K. Disbanding terror outfits
L. Improving mechanism against money laundering and terror financing

VOCABULARY SECTION

Idioms With “F & G”
Face the Music: Dealing with consequences of one’s actions
Face the Music: To accept judgment or punishment
Fall for Something: Hook, Line, and Sinker To be completely deceived
Fall in Love with Somebody: Start feeling love towards somebody
Fall Off the Wagon: To begin using alcohol (or another problem
substance) after quitting
Fall on One’s Sword: To accept blame; to sacrifice oneself
Fall Prey to: Be victimized by; be harmed by; be vulnerable to
Fancy Someone (British English): To find someone very attractive
Farther (On) Down the Road: Later, at some unspecified time
Farther (On) Down the Road: Later, at some unspecified time
Fashion-Forward: Tending to adopt new styles quickly
Fat Cat: A highly placed, well-paid executive
Father Figure: A mentor, a person who offers guidance
Feast Your Eyes On: To take great pleasure in looking at someone or

something
Feather in One’s Cap: An achievement for which one is recognized; a

noteworthy achievement
Feather One’s (Own) Nest: Use one’s influence or power improperly

for financial gain
Feather One’s Nest: To take advantage of one’s position to benefit

oneself
Fed Up With: Refusing to tolerate something any further; out of

patience
Feel Like a Million Dollars: To feel great, to feel well and healthy.
Feel On Top of The World: To feel very healthy
Fell off a Truck: Probably stolen or illicitly obtained; said of

something offered for sale to avoid discussing its origins

Fell off the Back of a Lorry: Probably stolen or illicitly obtained; said
of something offered for sale to avoid discussing its origins
Fifteen Minutes of Fame: Temporary renown
Fifth Wheel: A superfluous person
Fight Fire with Fire: Use the same measures that are being used
against you, even if they’re stronger than you would usually use
Fight Like Cat and Dog: Continually arguing with each other
Find One’s Voice: Become more confident in expressing oneself
Find Your Feet: To adjust to a new place or situation
Finger-Pointing: Blame; a situation within a group where each member

attempts to blame others
Fire in the Belly: strong ambition
First In, Best Dressed: The first people to do something will have an
advantage
Fish for Compliments: Try to manipulate people into praising you
Fish or Cut Bait (usually an exclamation): Make a decision or give

someone else a chance
Fish Out of Water: A person who is in unfamiliar, confusing

surroundings
Five-Finger Discount: Shoplifting
Flash in the Pan: A one-time occurrence, not a permanent phenomenon
Flat Broke: Having no money at all
Flat Out Like a Lizard: Drinking Very busy
Flesh and Blood: Blood relatives, close relatives
Flew the Coop: Left, escaped
Flip-Flop (v. or n.): To vacillate between two choices, to be indecisive
Fly by the Seat of One’s Pants: To improvise, to make decisions

without planning or preparation
Fly High: Be very successful, especially temporarily

Fly Off The Handle: Lose one’s temper suddenly and unexpectedly
Fly off the Handle: To become suddenly enraged
Follow In Someone’s Footsteps (Tracks): Follow the example laid

down by someone else; supplant
Follow Your Heart: Rely on one’s deeper feelings and instincts when
making a decision
Food for Thought: Something that makes you think carefully
For a Song: At very low cost
For Crying Out Loud (excl.): An expression of extreme annoyance
For Xyz Reasons: For multiple reasons, not worth specifying

individually
Foul Play: Crime, typically murder
Fourth Estate: The media and newspapers
Fox in the Henhouse (Chickenhouse): Someone who causes trouble
Freak Out: A wildly irrational reaction or spell of behavior
French Leave: Absence without permission
Freudian Slip: Accidental use of an incorrect word; a revealing slip of

the tongue
From Pillar to Post: From one place to another, in a forced, random

way
From Scratch: From individual ingredients, not using a prepared mix
From Soup to Nuts: Everything; from beginning to end
From the Bottom of One’s Heart: Sincerely and with deep feeling
FUBAR: Hopelessly ruined, not working, messed up.
Fu** (Or Screw) The Dog (Pooch): To make an embarrassing error
Full Fathom Five: Lost deep in the sea
Full of the Joys of Spring: Very happy, enthusiastic and full of energy

Game of Chicken: A conflict situation in which neither side will back
down for fear of seeming cowardly (chicken)
Get A Charley Horse: To develop a cramp in the arm or the leg
Get A Word In Edgewise: Be able to say something while someone

else is talking a lot
Get Along (with Someone): To have a satisfactory relationship
Get Bent Out of Shape: Become angry, upset
Get Carried Away: Become overly enthusiastic
Get In on the Ground Floor: Invest in or join something while it is still

small
Get in Shape: Undertake a program of physical conditioning; exercise

regularly
Get Off Scot Free: Be accused of wrongdoing but pay no penalty at all
Get One’s Ducks in a Row: Have everything organized; get oneself

organized
Get One’s Hands Dirty: To do the unpleasant parts of a job
Get Someone’s Goat: To irritate someone deeply
Get To Grips With: To begin to understand and deal with something
Get the Ball Rolling: Do something to begin a process
Get the Picture: Understand what’s happening
Get the Runaround: Be given an unclear or evasive answer to a

question
Get the Sack, Be Sacked: To be fired
Get the Third Degree: To be questioned in great detail about

something
Get Wind of: Hear about
Get With the Program: Figure out what everyone else already knows.
Often used sarcastically, as a command
Go Along (With): Agree to something, often provisionally
Go Ape: Express wild excitement or anger

Go Ballistic: Fly into a rage
Go Bananas: To become irrational or crazy
Go Belly Up: To go bankrupt
Go Berserk: To go crazy
Go Bonkers: To be or become wild, restless, irrational, or crazy; to act

in such a way
Go Cold Turkey: Stop using an addictive substance suddenly, without

tapering off
Go Down in Flames: Fail in a spectacular way
Go Mental: To suddenly become extremely angry
Go Nuclear: Use an extreme measure; because extremely angry
Go Nuts: To become crazy
Go Off Half-Cocked: To say or something prematurely, with a

negative effect
Go Off the Deep End: To unexpectedly become very angry, especially

without a good reason
Go Off The Rails: To go wrong, to begin acting strangely or badly
Go Out on a Limb: Assert something that may not be true; put oneself
in a vulnerable position
Go Pear-Shaped: To fail; to go wrong
Go See a Man About a Dog: Go to the bathroom (said as a

euphemism)
Go to the Dogs: To become disordered, to decay
Go to the Mattresses: To go to into battle
Go the Extra Mile: Put forth greater-than-expected effort
Go Under the Knife: Undergo surgery
Go Viral: Begin To spread rapidly on the Internet
Go with the Flow: To accept the way things naturally seem to be going
Grab (Take) the Bull by the Horns: To begin forthrightly to deal with a
problem

Grasp (Grab) at Straws: To take desperate actions with little hope of
success
Grease Monkey: A mechanic, especially an auto mechanic
Grease the Wheels: Do something to make an operation run smoothly
Greasy Spoon: An inexpensive restaurant that fries foods on a grill
Green Around the Gills: To look sick
Green as Grass: Lacking training, naive; often said of young people in

new jobs
Grind One’s Teeth: Be very annoyed or angry about something

without being able to say anything about it.
Guilty Pleasure: Enjoying something which is not generally held in

high regard, while at the same time feeling a bit guilty about it, is
called a guilty pleasure.
Guinea Pig: A test subject, a person who is used as a test to see if

something will work
Give and Take: Negotiations, the process of compromise
Give ’em Hell (often excl.): Express something passionately to a group
Give Lip Service to: Talk about supporting something without taking
any concrete action
Give Lip Service: to Talk about supporting something without taking

any concrete action
Give One’s Two Cents (That’s My Two Cents): Offer an opinion,

suggest something
Give Someone a Holler: Contact someone
Give Someone a Piece of Your Mind: Angrily tell someone what you
think
Give Someone a Run for Their Money: Compete effectively with the
leader in a particular field
Give Someone an Earful: angrily express an opinion to someone
Give Someone the Cold Shoulder: act hostile toward someone; to

ignore, snub

Give Someone The Old Heave-Ho: Fire someone, remove someone
from a group or team
Give Something a Whirl: Attempt something without being totally

familiar with it
Give the Green Light: Approve something; allow something to

proceed

DAWN+ OPINIONS SECTION

The Pros And Cons Of Globalization | Forbes
Mike Collins
Introduction | What globalization is supposed to do |

A story in the Washington Post said “20 years ago
globalization was pitched (considered) as a strategy that
would raise all boats in poor and rich countries alike. In
the U.S. and Europe consumers would have their pick of
inexpensive items made by people thousands of miles
away whose pay was much lower than theirs. And in time
trade barriers would drop to support even more
multinationals expansion and economic gains while geo
political cooperation would flourish.”
There is no question that globalization has been a good thing for many developing
countries who now have access to our markets and can export cheap goods.
Globalization has also been good for Multi-national corporations and Wall Street.
But globalization has not been good for working people (blue or white collar) and
has led to the continuing deindustrialization of America.
Globalization is a complicated issue. It is necessary to evaluate the pros and cons

before drawing any conclusions.
Pros | (for, in favour)

Supporters of globalization argue that it has the potential to make this world a better
place to live in and solve some of the deep-seated problems like unemployment and
poverty.
1. Free trade is supposed to reduce barriers such as tariffs, value added taxes,
subsidies, and other barriers between nations. This is not true. There are still
many barriers to free trade. The Washington Post story says “the problem
is that the big G20 countries added more than 1,200 restrictive export and
import measures since 2008
2. The proponents say globalization represents free trade which promotes global
economic growth; creates jobs, makes companies more competitive, and lowers
prices for consumers.
3. Competition between countries is supposed to drive prices down. In many cases

this is not working because countries manipulate their currency to get a
price advantage.
4. It also provides poor countries, through infusions of foreign capital and

technology, with the chance to develop economically and by spreading prosperity,
creates the conditions in which democracy and respect for human rights may
flourish. This is an ethereal (heavenly) lgoal which hasn’t been achieved in
most countries
5. According to supporters globalization and democracy should go hand in hand. It

should be pure business with no colonialist designs.

6. There is now a worldwide market for companies and consumers who have access
to products of different countries. True
7. Gradually there is a world power that is being created instead of

compartmentalized power sectors. Politics is merging and decisions that are being
taken are actually beneficial for people all over the world. This is simply a
romanticized view of what is actually happening. True
8. There is more influx of information between two countries, which do not have
anything in common between them. True
9. There is cultural intermingling (intermixing) and each country is learning

more about other cultures. True
10. Since we share financial interests, corporations and governments are trying to
sort out ecological problems for each other. – True, they are talking more than
trying.
11. Socially we have become more open and tolerant towards each other and people
who live in the other part of the world are not considered aliens. True in many
cases.
12. Most people see speedy travel, mass communications and quick dissemination
of information through the Internet as benefits of globalization. True
13. Labor can move from country to country to market their skills. True, but this
can cause problems with the existing labor and downward pressure on
wages.
14. Sharing technology with developing nations will help them progress. True for
small countries but stealing our technologies and IP have become a big
problem with our larger competitors like China.
15. Transnational companies investing in installing plants in other countries

provide employment for the people in those countries often getting them out of
poverty. True
16. Globalization has given countries the ability to agree to free trade agreements
like NAFTA, South Korea Korus, and The TPP. True but these agreements
have cost the U.S. many jobs and always increase our trade deficit.
Cons | (to counter, anti, against)

• The general complaint about globalization is that it has made the rich richer while
making the non-rich poorer. “It is wonderful for managers, owners and investors,
but hell on workers and nature.”
• Globalization is supposed to be about free trade where all barriers are eliminated
but there are still many barriers. For instance161 countries have value added taxes
(VATs) on imports which are as high as 21.6% in Europe. The U.S. does not have
VAT.
• The biggest problem for developed countries is that jobs are lost and transferred to
lower cost countries.” According to conservative estimates by Robert Scott
of the Economic Policy Institute, granting China most favored nation status
drained away 3.2 million jobs, including 2.4 million manufacturing jobs. He pegs
the net losses due to our trade deficit with Japan ($78.3 billion in 2013) at 896,000
jobs, as well as an additional 682,900 jobs from the Mexico –U.S. trade-deficit run-
up from 1994 through 2010.”
• Workers in developed countries like the US face pay-cut demands from employers
who threaten to export jobs. This has created a culture of fear for many middle class
workers who have little leverage in this global game
• Large multi-national corporations have the ability to exploit tax havens in other
countries to avoid paying taxes.
• Multinational corporations are accused of social injustice, unfair working

conditions (including slave labor wages, living and working conditions), as well as
lack of concern for environment, mismanagement of natural resources, and
ecological damage.
• Multinational corporations, which were previously restricted to commercial

activities, are increasingly influencing political decisions. Many think there is a
threat of corporations ruling the world because they are gaining power, due to
globalization.
• Building products overseas in countries like China puts our technologies at risk of
being copied or stolen, which is in fact happening rapidly
• The anti-globalists also claim that globalization is not working for the majority of
the world. “During the most recent period of rapid growth in global trade and
investment, 1960 to 1998, inequality worsened both internationally and within
countries. The UN Development Program reports that the richest 20 percent of the
world's population consume 86 percent of the world's resources while the poorest
80 percent consume just 14 percent. “
• Some experts think that globalization is also leading to the incursion (invasion)
of communicable diseases. Deadly diseases like HIV/AIDS are being spread by
travelers to the remotest corners of the globe.
• Globalization has led to exploitation of labor. Prisoners and child workers are used
to work in inhumane conditions. Safety standards are ignored to produce cheap
goods. There is also an increase in human trafficking.
• Social welfare schemes or “safety nets” are under great pressure in developed
countries because of deficits, job losses, and other economic ramifications of
globalization.
Globalization is an economic tsunami that is sweeping the planet. We can’t stop it

but there are many things we can do to slow it down and make it more equitable.
What is missing?
Leadership – We need politicians who are willing to confront the cheaters. One of
our biggest problems is that 7 of our trading partners manipulate their currencies to
gain unfair price advantage which increases their exports and decreases their
imports. This is illegal under WTO rules so there is a sound legal basis to put some
kind of tax on their exports until they quit cheating.
Balanced Trade – Most of our trading partners can balance their trade budgets
and even run a surplus. We have not made any effort to balance our trade budget
and have run a deficit for more than 30 years resulting in an $11 trillion deficit. The
trade deficit is the single biggest job killer in our economy, particularly
manufacturing jobs. We need the government to develop a plan to begin to balance
our trade deficit even though this is not a political priority in either party.
Trade Agreements – Both the NAFTA and the South Korean Korus trade
agreements might have been good for Wall Street and the multi-national
corporations but they eliminated jobs in America and expanded our trade deficit.
The upcoming Trans Pacific Trade Agreement will do the same thing and Congress
should not fast track this bad agreement for a dozen reasons.
Enforcing the rules – China ignores trade rules and WTO laws with reckless
abandon. Besides currency manipulation they subsidize their state owned
companies to target our markets, and provide funding to their state owned
companies that dump their products in America. They also steal our technologies,
sell counterfeit versions of our products, and impose tariffs and other barriers
anytime they want - as we do nothing to stop them. China does not deserve to be on
our most favored nation list and we need to tax their exports to us until they stop
these illegal activities.
Conclusion
What is good for third world countries, like Kenya, or countries with tremendous
growth, like China, has not been good for American workers. Globalization is
deindustrializing America as we continue to outsource both manufacturing blue
collar and white collar jobs. Supporters of globalization have made the case that it is
good because it has brought low priced imported goods, but they have not matched
the decline of wages in the middle class and will not offset the loss of many family
wage jobs
Globalization is like being overwhelmed by a snow avalanche (huge mass of ice)

You can’t stop it – you can only swim in the snow and hope to stay on top. I would
like to make the argument that the US should try a lot harder to swim in the snow
and stay on top. We can’t stop globalization but there are many policies and
strategies we can use to make it more equitable. We can enforce the trade laws, force
the competition to play by the same rules, and stop giving our competitors the tools
(technology and R& D) to ultimately win the global war.

The sole spokesman | Daily times
Zafar Aziz Chudhry
Ayesha Jalal Book's Analysis | Partition history

Much has been written on Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and the
circumstances leading to the partition. But the book titled,
The Quaid, The Muslim League and the Partition
by Dr Ayesha Jalal, stands out far above the rest, other
than the biographies. It was written by the author for her
doctoral dissertation that she submitted in the Cambridge
University. It was, therefore, natural that it had to first
gain acceptance by her English professors, who had their
own outlook on the changing events in the subcontinent
during the transfer of power.
It has to be admitted that the book has its own merits: it is well-researched and
written in a racy narrative that makes it a delightful reading, though she has hardly
touched upon the deeper, personal side of the Quaid that were the hallmarks of the
works of Hector Bolitho and Stanley Wolpert. Her style remains cold and
objective to the end.
The main thesis of Ayesha Jalal is that Jinnah claimed to be the sole spokesman of
all Indian Muslims not only in the provinces where they were in majority but also
where they were in minority. Yet given the political geography of the subcontinent,
it was clear that there would always be as many Muslims outside a specifically
Muslim state as inside it. Jalal adds that Jinnah never wanted a separate Muslim
state; he was using the threat of independence as a political bargaining chip to
strengthen the voice of Muslim minority in the would-be sovereign India. According
to her, what Jinnah had dismissed as a “mutilated (distorted), moth-eaten
(outdated) Pakistan” is what he was actually fighting for.
Jalal raises the question: “What did the Quaid-i-Azam get on August 14,
1947? Was this actually what he was striving for?” One may put to her a counter-
question: “What did the Congress get on August 14, 1947? Was this actually what it
had been striving for until May 1947?” It had been asking for an Indian Union to
keep the minorities in complete subjugation to the brute majority of Hindus,
particularly Muslims who constituted almost a third of the Hindu population? Jalal
herself says that the British followed the policy of Divide and Rule, which was
changed into Divide and Quit in 1947. If the Congress leaders, who were hell-bent
on opposing partitioning of the Indian Union, had failed to realise their political
dreams, then who in that tug of war was the victor if not Jinnah, even with his
“moth-eaten”, “truncated” and “mutilated” Pakistan?
The Quaid looked at the question not from a religious angle (reference his interview
to Beverly Nicholas where he termed the partition as “partly religious, but by no
means exclusively”). He knew that Muslims were scattered all over India but were in
majority in north western and eastern side of India. Since Muslims, in fact,
constituted a separate and distinct nation, both in practice and ideals, freeing the
predominantly Muslim majority areas from the eternal yoke of Hindu domination,
after the end of British Raj, amounted to choosing the lesser evil. Could we blame a

mother who in a violent hurricane rescues two of her children, but cannot rescue the
third child who is swept away?
Jalal’s hypothesis rests on the same logic. It is wrong to say that “the need for a
strategy covering the interest of all Muslims” was not there. She writes, “The
Partition of 1947 was no more than a partial solution to the Muslim minority
problem in the subcontinent.” She further elaborates that “citizens of Pakistan and
Bangladesh can merely look helplessly across the borders at the plight of India’s
Muslim minority under siege.” So, she concedes that at the present time, the
Muslim minority is kept under siege in India. Thanks to Quaid-i-Azam, today
the entire population of Pakistan is not held in siege by Indian Hindus. Does Jalal
mean to say that if the country had not been partitioned, Hindus would not have
kept the Muslim minority under siege? She admits that the partition was a partial
solution to the problem, but she does not say anything about the complete solution
of the problem. Her stand implies that Muslims should have allowed themselves to
suffer the eternal scourge of Hindu domination.
She doesn’t elaborate or provide any answers to herself-raised Critical

points |
An outstanding merit of Jalal’s book is that it also gives an unorthodox view of the
circumstances leading to the partition by showing “how did a Pakistan come about
which fitted the interests of most Muslims so poorly.” But the story unfolded by her
does not tell where Jinnah had erred, or where he was presented two choices but
chose the wrong course. She only disputes his idea of giving a geographical
boundary to the largely scattered Muslims who could not be bundled together
geographically. Now this is a matter of perception on which more than one views are
possible.
During the British Raj, the author explains, the central authority in the Union of
India vested with the British, who held full sway over all religious and ethnic
communities. But after their departure, the central authority had to be given to the
major players, which were Hindus and Muslims. The Congress tried to arrogate
(capture unjustly) to itself the central authority as the sole champions, which Jinnah
disagreed with. The British could not resist Jinnah’s stand. If in the course of the
settlement Muslims had to be appeased in the Play sucks and drakes (idiom)
shape of a separate homeland whose creation
would not have been possible without Jinnah, To treat one poorly, dishonestly, or
why should the author grudge (hates) it? If with flippant disregard.
the author considers this development to be
unfair, what should have been the solution They started playing ducks and
according to her? By implication, it can be drakes with their opponents toward
said that she would have been happy if the the end of the game.
central authority had been given to the
Congress to play ducks and drakes with I thought that there were the
the minorities, and instead of a segment of makings of a serious relationship,
Muslim population, the whole lot of Muslims should have but been
latelythrown
it's felt like he'smercy
at the just
of Hindus. One shudders at such a possibility. playing ducks and drakes with me.
See also:
A strain of bias in favour of the Congress and His Majesty’s and,
government runs
through the entire book. Jalal has tried to downplay the Congress maneuvers
(strategies) and their volte-face on critical developments but, quite grudgingly, has
not spared the Muslim League or Jinnah even from their innocent overtures
(friendly proposals ) to offset the Congress machinations. Lord Wavell’s
declaration that “the ability of Congress to twist words and phrases and to take
advantage of any slip in wording is what Mr Jinnah has all along feared” is a case in
point.
Jinnah’s pre-eminent gift to his nation was the

freedom he won for them. Admittedly, the
Pakistan that was thus born was not the one
conceived by him
On Pages 186 and 187, Jalal claims that “Jinnah’s Pakistan did not intend to
throw the advantages of undivided Punjab and Bengal to the winds, nor did it plan
to leave the Muslims in Hindustan un-protected.” The division of these provinces
was against their natural and economic homogeneity, which was looked with
contempt both by the British and Jinnah, and had Lord Mountbatten not been
partial towards the Congress, that crass (serious) blunder could have been averted.
Quaid-i-Azam position was that if the two provinces with clear Muslim majority but
with a few districts populated by minority were given to Pakistan, it would balance
the fears of Muslim minority living in Hindu-dominated areas that had to fall in
India. If the position had been accepted HMG, Jalal might not have this book to
write.
The chapter The end game: Mountbatten and Pakistan describes the
insurmountable (unconquerable) difficulties in the way of the Quaid to achieve
his aim of a truly viable Pakistan. It recounts how Mountbatten took a fancy to
Jawaharlal Nehru, and how a game was planned to frustrate the aims of the Quaid.
Jalal writes, “Nehru described his rival (Mr Jinnah) as one of the most
extraordinary men in history, the key to whose success was his ability to avoid
taking any positive action that might split his followers. But Nehru believed that it
might be possible to frighten Jinnah into cooperation on the basis of the short time
available. This was ‘grist to Mountbatten’s mill’.” Thus was hatched a conspiracy to
frustrate Jinnah, and to coerce him to agree to the Partition Plan, which
Mountbatten had prepared in his secret meetings with Nehru about which the
Quaid was kept in the dark.
Jalal later elaborates, “Mountbatten abandoned all pretence of dealing evenly

between the Congress and the League. While one side represented by Nehru was
invited to join, the other party i.e. Jinnah was not even given the slightest hint of the
new scheme.” She writes, “Negotiations with only one of the two contending sides
was the novel concept that Mountbatten introduced into Indian political life.” She
further says, “Mountbatten failed to observe the pretence of impartiality. It had
been agreed to show the Plan simultaneously to all main political leaders, but he
[Mountbatten], in an act of friendship with Nehru, showed him the Plan, but kept it
away from Jinnah.”
The original partition plan had envisaged “separation first and reunion afterwards”.
Mountbatten recommended that it to be recast in material detail. According to Jalal,
the revised Plan was “essentially an alternative Congress Plan”. Later, she writes
that the Congress proposal for a United India was rejected by the HMG on Jinnah’s
persuasions. Due to the short time-table of transfer of power by Mountbatten (being

in league with Congress), and the threat that any delay would defeat the creation of
Pakistan, “Jinnah had to settle for whatever he could get, while the British remained
in India”. Jalal forgets to mention that the helplessness of the Quaid was
accentuated by the fact that he had been suffering from a fatal illness
(about which only he knew) while the time was running out for him. That
fact was of paramount importance.
Another dangerous game was about to start. Jalal writes, “Menon’s proposal, sent to
London, for handing over power to the interim govt (headed by Congress), was the
most serious and immediate threat, and Jinnah would have no truck with them. In
his anxiety to ward off ( prevent, drive away) his disaster, he was prepared to
negotiate a grudging assent to the draft declaration.” According to Jalal, all that was
done by Jinnah “to get the Viceroy to drop the idea of transferring power to the
interim government (which meant a ‘Congress government’). The author could not
resist admiring Jinnah saying that for him “it was better to have a few acres of the
Sindh desert provided it was his own, rather than have a united India with a
majority rule.”
Evaluating the entire game plan, Jalal writes, “Congress’ demand for a re-
constitution of the interim govt without the League was seen by Jinnah as a grave
threat to Pakistan’s future. Mountbatten was tempted to bow down to Congress
pressures but had to admit finally that Jinnah was correct by the ‘letter of the law’.”
Why Quaid-i-Azam chose to be the Governor general of Pakistan |

Objection
Some people raise the objection as to why Quaid-i-Azam chose to be the governor
general of Pakistan and, in that course, to lose much more; on that Dr Jalal has this
to say: “To share a common governor general with Hindustan would have given
Congress an excuse to use this joint office to make terms separately with the Muslim
areas in the event that the Pakistan Constituent Assembly fell to pieces. It was to
avoid this disaster that Jinnah had to exercise the powers of a governor general
himself, and in the process, consolidate the League’s authority over the Muslim
areas.” Finally, Jalal thoroughly condemns the entire policy of Mountbatten
handling the partition of India, and calls it an “ignominious (disgraceful)
scuttle” ( to fail a plan) enabling the British to extricate themselves from the
awkward responsibility of presiding over India’s communal madness.”
It appears to me, therefore, that Ayesha Jalal has merely interpreted the events of
the partition from the standpoint of the Congress. Nevertheless, the truth filters out
in details of the circumstances leading to the partition. The reader becomes aware of
the insurmountable difficulties placed by the overwhelmingly powerful forces
against the one man whose will and courage outwitted them all. If in the course of
this excruciating struggle some snags remained un-filled, which, as the history
shows, were beyond human control, then nothing can lessen his greatness. Jinnah’s
pre-eminent gift to his nation was the freedom he won for them. The Pakistan that
was thus born was not the one conceived by him (due to the division of Punjab and
Bengal), whatever area was secured for Muslims to live in freedom and honour as a
sovereign state has remained one of the most outstanding achievements in history.
It is quite another thing if the posterity has not lived up to his ideals.
It has become fashionable in intellectual circles lately to indulge in self-accusation.

This is symptomatic of a deeper malaise (discomfort) where we even spurn
(reject) our past with a vengeance (retaliation) that is a sign of a severe psychosis.
We hate our values, our past, however glorious it had been, and even our heroes,
because we are not happy with our environment or ourselves. I do not count myself
an exception to this sorry trend, but I do realise that it has to be overcome.
Would we be Happy had we live in United India today ? | Critical Answer
One school of thought even opposes the partition of the country on the ground that
Muslims would have been more prosperous had they lived in India alongside
Hindus. There is no way to ascertain as to what would have been our fate had we co-
existed with Hindus except to know the truth from the present plight of Muslims
living in India. In 2006, then prime minister of India, Manmohan Singh,
constituted a high level committee, headed by Justice Rajinder Sachar, to report
on the plight of Muslims in India. The horrible results were as follows:
– in rural areas: 94.9 per cent of Muslims were living below poverty line.
– only 3.2 per cent of Muslims got subsidized loans.
– only 2.1 per cent of Muslim farmers had tractors; just 1 per cent owned hand
pumps.
– 54.6 per cent of Muslims in villages and 60 per cent in urban areas had never been
to schools. In rural areas, only 0.8 per cent of Muslims were graduates, while in
urban areas despite 40 per cent of Muslims receiving modern education only 3.1 per
cent are graduates. Only 1.2 per cent of Muslims are post-graduates in urban areas.
The percentage of Muslim prisoners in jails far exceeds that of Hindus, within the
context of their population ratios, which according to the committee is an indicator
of their being a victim of discrimination and suspicion. The report of the Rajinder
Sacher Commission truly reflects the contemporary status of Muslims in India.
Conclusion
This should serve as an eye-opener to the harsh reality about the status of Muslims
in India. We are grateful to Quaid-i-Azam for his immense gift of an independent
and a free homeland to mould our lives according to our own values and ideals. If,
unfortunately, we have failed to live up to his expectations, we are to be blamed for
that and not the Quaid. In our present circumstances when we in our sheer
desperation cast aspersions (false rumor) on the Quaid for our own failings and
misdeeds, it is surely an act of our own madness.
About the writer
The writer is a freelancer

My Voice, Our equal future | The Express Tribune
Aida Girma
The writer is the UNICEF Representative in Pakistan
Every year on October 11, as the world celebrates the

International Day of the Girl, the United
Nations International Children’s Emergency
Fund (Unicef) and partners reiterate their resolve to
help girls around the world amplify their voices and
stand up for their rights. They work with girls to design
and launch advocacy campaigns related to their lived
gender inequities and demands for equal
opportunities.
Opening statement
This year, while we face the global Covid-19 crisis, we must seize the opportunity to
reimagine a better world inspired by adolescent girls — sharing their voices, their
solutions — under the theme, ‘My voice, our equal future’.This year’s
International Day of the Girl has added significance as a key activation moment of
the global Generation Equality movement — a multi-partner advocacy and action
platform for bold new gender equality impact.
Globally, more than 1.1 billion girls younger than 18 years of age are poised to
take on the future. Investing in them — including their health, education and safety
— allows them to build better lives and to create a more peaceful and prosperous
world for us all.
▪ Twenty-five years ago, some 30,000 women and men from nearly 200
countries arrived in Beijing, China, for the Fourth World Conference
on Women, determined to recognise women’s rights as human rights. The
conference culminated in the adoption of the Beijing Declaration and Platform
for Action: the most comprehensive policy agenda for gender equality.
In the years following, women pressed this agenda forward, leading global
movements on issues ranging from sexual and reproductive health rights to equal
pay. Today, these movements have expanded. They are being organised by and for
adolescent girls — girls from all walks of life who are boldly demanding action
against discrimination, violence and poor learning opportunities.
▪ In 2019, Unicef-supported programmes reached 5.7 million adolescent girls in

45 countries with prevention and care services related to ending child
marriage. Eight and a half million people also participated in education,
communication and awareness-raising activities.
In Pakistan, of the total population, 64% is below the age of 30 while

29% is between the ages of 15 and 29 years. This youth bulge is a major
advantage for the country and girls are a sizeable part of it. They are talented and
skillful but face multiple issues including discrimination in education, gender
biases, sexual harassment, child labour, early marriage, social pressures, and rape
and honour killings.Unicef has been working with the Government of Pakistan for
over 71 years to promote child rights in the country with a special focus on girls. We
have come a long way as girls are getting more recognition as a potential force in the
process of national development. However, we are far from creating enough
opportunities for girls to develop and get their due share in the socio-economic
development of the country.Girls and women in Pakistan need role models
projecting a positive portrayal of their strength and ability across all disciplines,
occupations and intersections including gender, race and disability.
Last year, we celebrated the 30th anniversary of the United Nations

Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the most rapidly and widely
ratified international human rights treaty in history. This year is the
30th anniversary of Pakistan’s ratification of the CRC. The country was amongst the
first to make a strong commitment towards ensuring the fundamental rights of the
child. The International Day of the Girl Child is a strong reminder to that
commitment and to review how far we have delivered for our children, especially
girls, what was promised to them three decades ago.
Remarkable progress has been made as today, girl-led movements are

tackling issues like climate change, child marriage, racial injustice, access
to reproductive and sexual health education, skills and learning inequality,
and mental health. Girls in Pakistan are definitely better placed than the
past, however, a lot more needs to be done.In the education sector, which
receives less than 3% of the total GDP, Pakistan has the world’s second-
highest number — 22.8 million — of out-of-school children at the primary
level. Girls are particularly affected.Disparities based on gender, socio-economic
status and geography are holding them back. In Balochistan, 75% of girls are out of
school. Many of these are forced into child labour or early marriage.
Way forward
▪ While responding to the unprecedented circumstances created by the Covid-19

pandemic which has posed a challenge to children’s learning, we need to
rebuild school systems better by addressing violence against girls in
and around classrooms and on digital learning platforms. Girls are
more likely to experience verbal and sexual harassment and abuse, while boys are
most often subject to physical violence.
▪ Unicef continues to emphasise that to advance girls’ rights in Pakistan, it is
imperative to: promote and protect the rights of girls and increase awareness of
their needs and potential; eliminate violence against girls; eliminate all forms of
discrimination against girls in provision of services including health, nutrition,
education, skills development, training and job opportunities; eliminate negative
cultural attitudes and practices against girls; eliminate the economic exploitation
of child labour and protect young girls at work; promote girls’ awareness of and
participation in social, economic and political life; strengthen the role of the
family in improving the status of girls.
▪ In a world challenged by the Covid-19 pandemic where Pakistan is no exception,
we must create opportunities for development by investing more in girls — a
potent force that could contribute immensely to national development and take
Pakistan forward.

Should juvenile delinquents be punished | The
Express Tribune
Muhammad Rafe Azhar

The writer is a debater with interests in philosophy, politics and
economics
In contemporary times, much to the alarm of

governments and states, there has been an
exponential increase in crime rates all over the world.
Where in the past the occurrence of a crime in
residential areas was quite an occasional event, today
it is a common thing for even the average five-year-
old. A significant contribution towards this is made by juvenile
delinquents – underage criminals. With this arises the question:
“Should these youngsters be punished?”
Juvenile delinquents
Crime and Punishment | Critical Juvenile delinquency is the act of
Analysis committing a crime at a very young age. A
juvenile delinquent is a young person,
Possibly the greatest argument against such particularly a teenager under the age of
punishment is that these youngsters, being eighteen, who breaks a state or federal law
below the legal age, are still children. As a by committing a crime.
result, they are the responsibility of their
parents or guardians. Indeed, a child is not
allowed to vote, or to drive before the legal age, being considered
Teens are still not sufficiently
immatures and do not think
rational for these activities. Since a child is not rational enough, surely he or
like adults, therefore they areshe
prone to
does not deserve any punishment. making mistakes or committing crimes that
are not fully in their control. Teens can
break laws for various reasons, and there are
Equally important is the universal belief that no individual is born a criminal.
a number of factors that can lead them to
Rather, that individual is transformed into one by the circumstances
juvenile delinquency.society shapes
for him. Punishing this delinquent, therefore, does not cater to the real problem –
that of these societal pressures and circumstances. All it does is ruin the remainder
of the criminal’s life at such a young age. These teenagers go through an
emotional upheaval in life, experience such trauma that it leads to them
doing something wrong. What they really need, surely, is therapy and
rehabilitation. Such a policy is being pursued in the Scandinavian
countries and as a result, they have some of the most peaceful societies
in the world, with the lowest rates of juvenile crimes.
Going to jail, on the other hand, only goes on to introduce these young people to
hardened criminals, eventually leading them to join prison gangs and at oft-times
desire revenge from society. This leads to a vicious cycle of crime – something
detrimental to peace and stability. Also, poor children who steal, for example, out of
necessity should be cared for, not sent to jail.

Conversely, however, it is also true to say that these young people are not just small
children who knew no better. At sixteen or seventeen years of age, they are
sensible and rational enough to make mature choices, such as where to
go for college studies. They have also been taught at both home and
school about laws and the need to adhere to them. Disregarding all these
things, however, they still made an active choice to commit such a
crime, and then carried it out. Both the intent and act exist despite their
being fully aware of the consequences.
Similarly, many of these crimes are serious offences such as kidnapping, rape,
murder, or especially in the US, mass shootings. Surely, the families of these victims
do deserve to see some kind of retribution for the harms inflicted upon them. In
fact, retribution is one of the most important pillars of the criminal justice system.
Also, by punishing or sending these youngsters to prison, another important pillar
of the justice system – deterrence – is also actively upheld. Indeed, it is the duty of
the legal system to live up to these principles.
On the whole, whilst it is true that these youngsters are criminals and need to be
punished, there should be varying levels of punishment. Fines and warnings will
suffice for minor crimes, but prison is necessary for serious offences.

Denying justice ensuring delay | Pakistan Today
Akhtar Aly Kureshy
Introduction | The concept of Justice
There is no secret that the beautiful word of justice is very attractive and fascinating
giving a good hope of welfare and peace for human beings. However, justice
concerns itself with the proper ordering of things and persons within a society or
state. As a concept it has been subject to philosophical, legal, and theological
reflection and to a healthy debate throughout the world. A number of important
questions surrounding the system of justice, have been fiercely debated in society.
What is justice? What does it demand from individuals and societies?

What is the proper distribution of wealth and resources in society:
equality, meritocracies, according to status, or some other arrangement?
There are numberless possible answers to these questions from divergent
perspectives on the political and philosophical spectrum.
The theories of Justice | Explanation
In one sense, all theories of justice claim that everyone should get what he deserves.
Some theories disagree on the basis of the uncivilized attitude of human beings. The
main distinction is between theories that argue and are liable to say that all are
equal, therefore derive equal accounts of distributive justice, for instance, hard work
and merits by which some should have more than others.
According to most theories of justice, it is overwhelmingly important, for

instance these theories claim that justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as
truth is of a system of thought. Justice can be thought of as distinct from and more
fundamental than benevolence, charity, mercy, generosity and compassion. Justice
has traditionally been associated with concepts of fate, reincarnation or heavenly
fate, that is, with a life in accordance with the cosmic plan. The association of justice
with fairness has thus been historically and culturally rare and is perhaps chiefly a
modern innovation.
This situation may be unintentional on the part of its stakeholders,

but is bothersome to all who are seeking justice and who have failed
due to the penetration of corruption in our justice system, as the
whole social system we are suffering is without any justification.
Apparently, in the given circumstances the instant judicial system is
not enforceable in the Lahore High Court until the new appointments
of judges emerge on the judicial surface to wash away the
inconvenience caused to the general public, by creating a good image
of an independent judiciary which has te potential to provide easy and
instant justice to the citizens of Pakistan who have been disappointed
by our leaders since long

Justice system is human-created not any divine entity |
In contrast to the understandings canvassed so far, justice may be understood as a

human creation, rather than a discovery of harmony, divine command, or natural
law. This claim can be understood in a number of ways, with a fundamental division
between those who argue that justice is a creation of some humans, and those who
argue that it is the creation of all humans.
In a world where people are interconnected but they disagree, institutions are
required to cultivate ideals of justice. These institutions may be justified by their
approximate instantiation of justice, or they may be deeply unjust when compared
with ideal standards. Justice is an ideal which the world fails to live up to,
sometimes despite good intentions, sometimes disastrously. The question of
institutive justice raises issues of legitimacy, procedure, codification and
interpretation, which are considered by legal experts and philosophy of law.
Another definition of justice is that it is an independent investigation of

truth. In a courtroom, lawyers and judges are supposed to be independently
investigating the truth of an alleged crime by arguing the matter and considering the
available evidence. This situation is more logical and near to the truth that
everybody is in search of justice and seeking the solution of his or her problems. The
state has the responsibility to deliver justice and create an atmosphere of equality
and equity for all citizens. In the modern world, only the society which can survive
or which can be declared as a good civilized society or a welfare state by
international organizations, is one which has the fair system of justice for its
citizens.
How justice can be prevailed | Recommendations
1. This can only be explored by creating the supremacy of law and a high respect
for humanity, having the full moral support of the general public and its
departments which are constitutionally liable to collect evidence through a
well disciplined and trained staff. Whereas in Pakistan; the word justice is
intact in its symbolic state of definition without following the pragmatic
sequence, even with the unjustified absence of the main ingredient of social
justice. The people desire to get all comforts and facilities, but they are
reluctant to discharge their lawful and moral duty.
2. A similar situation has been dominating in our courts as our judicial system is
about to collapse and it would become a great source of exhaustion for the
citizens. Nobody is willing to appear as an independent witness before the
court as the impression of a sluggish and fatiguing system is the main
hindrance to reach the point of justice. All the stakeholders of the judicial
system never bothered for this plight of justice. There is a need to have a new
comprehensive judicial policy to follow all courts, particularly the subordinate
judiciary, which is bound to deliver justice in an expeditious manner. It will
take some time to produce good results as presently, we are facing an extreme
shortage of judges at all levels, whether it be in the civil courts, the district
courts and more inconveniently in the Lahore High Court, which is 20 judges
are less than its sanctioned strength.
3. The High Court being the highest court of the province, has to shoulder a
greater burden to decide appellants’ cases of the whole province as well as to
decide the constitutional and corporate matters having more significance and
urgency. But these days only 40 judges are working who, of course, are not
able to complete the work of 60 judges; thus the backlog of cases is being
increased heavily and people are frustrated by the scarcity of judges. Although,
the honorable judges and lawyers have sacrificed much to work till sundown,
even then the majority of cases were left over or adjourned, and people had no
choice except to return to their homes without obtaining justice.
Conclusion
This situation may be unintentional on the part of its stakeholders, but is

bothersome to all who are seeking justice and who have failed due to the penetration
of corruption in our justice system, as the whole social system we are suffering is
without any justification. Apparently, in the given circumstances the instant judicial
system is not enforceable in the Lahore High Court until the new appointments
of judges emerge on the judicial surface to wash away the inconvenience caused to
the general public, by creating a good image of an independent judiciary which has
the potential to provide easy and instant justice to the citizens of Pakistan who have
been disappointed by our leaders since long.
About the writer
The writer is an Advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, Law Professor,

Member of International Bar Association and former Assistant Attorney General
for Pakistan.

The future of Israel and Palestine | The Nation
Dr James J. Zogby
In the weeks following the signing of agreements between Israel, the UAE and
Bahrain, I was struck by some of the commentary by Israeli and Palestinian writers
and analysts. While the views expressed by each side were polar opposites and
equally hyperbolic, they were both wildly wrong.
Israel and Palestine's Psychological, strategic response at the mutual

conflict |
Israel’s response Palestine’s response
For their part, the Israelis were busy trying Meanwhile, Palestinian
to convince themselves that this marked commentators, using similar
the “beginning of the end of the Israeli- exaggerated language, were
Arab conflict” or the start of “a wave of lamenting ‘the obliteration of the
Arab support that will bury the Palestinian Palestinian issue’ or ‘the burying of
issue, once and for all,” thus securing Palestine.’
Israel’s role in the Middle East.
It may be true that Israelis can find reason Palestinians, on the other hand, have
to feel upbeat about the fact that two Arab every right to be deeply troubled by
states that have never been at war with the fact that the historical injustices
them, will now work to develop open they suffered, continue to endure,
relationships. are apparently being ignored by two
fraternal Arab nations. Nevertheless,
while these feelings may be
justifiable, a dose of reality is in
order. There is no wave, nor has the
Palestinian cause been obliterated.
The Writer’s Analysis of the Israel-Palestine issue | The Plight of

Palestinians | Historical development of the issue etc
In the first place, as I have noted before, the issue of Palestine will remain very
much alive as long as the majority of the people living between the Jordan River and
Mediterranean Sea are Palestinian Arabs; they are living either as second-class
citizens in a so-called ‘Jewish State’ or under Apartheid (racial segregation)
conditions in the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem. Additionally, millions of
Palestinians are living in exile, having been denied their legitimate right to their
ancestral homes and properties. These unsettling realities can’t be ignored forever
and they present a challenge that can’t be erased.
When the earliest Zionist settlers were finally forced to acknowledge the existence of
Arabs on the land, they spoke of them as ‘savages’ or called them ‘Red Indians’ who
would need to be subdued or removed from the frontier to make way for more

worthy people who had a divine right to the land. This mindset has continued up
until the present day—with tragic consequences.
Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians have been expelled from their homes and
their valuable properties confiscated. Those who remained citizens of the new State
of Israel were subjected to discriminatory laws that also took much of their land and
denied them equal opportunity—treating them as ‘strangers’ at home. They now
number two million souls. Furthermore, in the six decades since Israel seized the
rest of Palestine, almost five million people, living under a humiliating and
oppressive occupation or strangled by military rule, have been reduced to a
dependency on outside aid. Their survival rests on the whims of the occupier.
In the West Bank, Israel put in place the same practices they used to control their
own Palestinian citizens. They seized control of land around Arab populated areas.
Some areas were reserved as ‘Green spaces’ or as ‘Military Zones’ only to be turned
over to settlers in an effort to Judaize the territories. This has severely impacted the
ability of the Palestinians to develop their economy, forcing them to live in
increasingly congested and impoverished villages, and vulnerable to arbitrary
military decrees or harassment by official or settler violence.
Today, Israel has full control of over 60% of the West Bank land and there
are over six hundred and fifty thousand settlers living in colonies in the
territories connected by secure roads to one another and pre-1967 Israel.
The Israelis have shown no interest in surrendering this control. They may
feign interest in a two-state solution, but their rhetoric and behavior say
otherwise.
Despite pronouncements to the contrary, the Israeli leadership never accepted the
Palestinians’ right to establish a truly independent sovereign state. Even during the
Oslo period, the settlement population in the West Bank doubled, as did land
seizures. When the Israelis spoke of a Palestinian state, it was always a less than
sovereign entity –lacking control over resources and without unimpeded access and
egress. It was, as the Israelis envisioned it, ‘a state, minus.’
Still, Palestinians remain ‘a bone in their throat’ and they will not disappear.
Despite the continued calls for ‘two states’, reality points in a different direction.
Israel has dug a hole so deep that neither they nor the Palestinians can extricate
themselves from it. We are living in a one state reality. It’s an Apartheid state with a
majority Palestinian population. Israel can make peace with four or fourteen Arab
states, but it cannot change this fact. Actually, the more Israel becomes integrated
into the region, the greater the pressure mounts on them to address the Palestinian
reality. Peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan didn’t change this stubborn fact of life.
Neither will peace with the UAE and Bahrain.
Conclusion
One final observation is in order; while much of the world’s leadership, the UAE and
Bahrain agreements still speak of supporting the two-state solution, the day for that
outcome is long gone. Instead, we are now on the long and painful road to a one-
state solution. Israel may not formally annex, but they are too deeply invested in the
occupied lands to extricate themselves. And while the Palestinian Authority has
become a dependency, Israel too has become dependent on Palestinian labour and
on the cooperation of the PA in security and administrative matters. Israel can push,
but only so far. The day will come when the demographics, inequality, and
continued oppression force a reckoning. Palestinians, as a majority, will demand
equal rights and justice. It may come as a slow and steady process or after an
eruption of mass protest but it will come.
After the Oslo and Arab Peace Initiative, Israel may have had a chance to
negotiate a just two-state solution. Instead, in their ideological blindness to
Palestinian humanity, they chose to engulf the Palestinian nation—thus turning
their back on separation. Now they will live with the reality they created until it
devours and transforms them.

Muslims in Macron's views | The News
Amanat Ali Chudhry
The writer, a Chevening scholar, studied International Journalism at the University of
Sussex.
Macron’s unsolicited two cents on Islam | Detailed Analysis

What was on French President Emmanuel Macron’s mind when he delivered
a long-awaited speech on October 2 to announce that his government would
introduce a bill in parliament in December to strengthen the 1905 law under which
France separated church from the state and officially became a secular country?
In a bold speech that focused on French Muslims and the role of Islam in their lives,
Macron minced no words (speak candidly and directly) when he categorically
stated, “Islam is a religion that is in crisis all over the world today.”
Throughout the speech, he presented himself as a staunch defender of secularism

who considered ‘Islamic radicalism’ and ‘Islamist separatism’ as posing threats to
the integrity and secular foundations of French society. “Secularism is the cement of
a united France”, he went on to add, though cautioning against stigmatizing all
Muslims in the same breath.
In a typical show of what is popularly known as the ‘white man’s burden’, Macron
vowed to ‘liberate’ Islam from foreign influence by investing in a new generation of
imams through local certifications.
The French government believes that foreign influence has led to the growth of the
radicalism that is at the heart of terror incidents in the country. The president’s
project of reimagining the role of Islam appears loaded with ideological undertones:
his administration is looking to forge a version of ‘enlightened Islam’ that is
“compatible with the values of the Republic.”
Considered a centrist and a strong supporter of the market economy whose electoral
victory in 2017 dashed the hopes of far-rightist Martine Le Pen, President
Macron’s increasing tilt towards political conservatism reflects the formidable
challenge posed by La Pen’s party.
Macron’s clear position is also an acknowledgment of changing demographics and

the factors that will shape the voting behaviour of the electorate. Hence, an all-out
effort on his part to win over a major chunk of voters, even if it requires publicly
rebuking a whole religious community that now constitutes nine percent of the
French population.
Macron’s categorical position on Muslims and Islam ahead of elections

that are set in 2022 is in line with the key political themes and trends
espoused by the far-right parties that are putting up a strong challenge
to democratic institutions and values in the West.
The binary of ‘us versus them’ employed by President Bush to grant the moral
legitimacy to his administration’s military expeditions against Afghanistan and Iraq
is now fast finding its way into political discourses in the West. Now there is less talk
on ideological divide and more on the sameness of visions offered by those
contending for powers. This augurs ill for the future of the world as well as the
nature of interfaith relations.
Using post-truth tactics to appeal the anti-Muslim’s sentiments in West|

Critical Analysis
Another global trend conspicuous by its presence is the emergence of political

appeal to the electorate, not on the basis of performance, electoral manifesto and
the vision for the socio-economic challenges but on the back of emotions, divisive
rhetoric, and a promise of a return to a ‘glorious’ past.
Finding an imaginary enemy (preferably a religious and ethnic community) as a

scapegoat is a common feature in this movement’s march toward the far-right and
exclusivist model of politics.
The rising trend of popular but narrow nationalism is not limited to Europe or
America. It has been on full display in our neighborhood, reshaping Indian society
by replacing the foundational Gandhian ideals with RSS-inspired Hindutva
ideology. At a time when the corona pandemic has been wreaking havoc in France,
and post-corona revival requires solid policies to offset the losses to the economy,
Macron has the gall to indulge in anti-Muslim rhetoric to attract voters. His speech
has set the tone of electioneering 18 months ahead of polling day. This
means that, with the introduction of the legislative bill in December, the
mainstream political conversation will centre on the role of Muslims in
France, which will automatically expose them to the much stricter scrutiny
of their educational and cultural institutions, and their places of worship.
At a broader level, President Macron’s views reflect the West’s struggle to

understand the nature of its relationship with Muslims, particularly after 9/11.
There is no dearth of literature that discusses Muslims’ perceived inability to
integrate with Western societies; and in doing so, they do not hesitate from using
terrorist and culturalist frames to suggest incompatibility of Muslims with the core
values of their adopted societies.
The Western media has emerged as a key player in framing the perceptions of the
host communities and articulating the implicit as well as explicit contradictions by
conveniently settling on the use of a religious label when it comes to describing
Muslims.
This is evidenced by the rise of a neo-Oriental outlook to frame issues involving

Muslims. Neo-Orientalists have been at pains to propagate what they describe as
Muslims’ inability to accept modernity and embrace the foundational values of
democracy, inclusiveness, pluralism, and gender equality citing their religious
teachings to be a major hurdle in the transformation. While some of Muslim men
and women have invoked the name of the religion and been involved in terrorist
incidents, painting the whole community with the same brush by the Western
political elite has been unprecedented.
When top politicians carelessly indulge in rhetoric against a religious community

without weighing the pros and cons of their words, the way Macron has done, it
essentially legitimises divisive rhetoric and commentary. As has been witnessed in
such cases, media readily picks up such themes and echoes them without subjecting

the utterances to critical discourse analysis. This fosters the process of ‘othering’
those who have a different religious, social, and racial identity.
The treatment that the media has meted out to Muslim asylum seekers and
immigrants is a case in point. Media, public opinion, and political discourses have
an interactive relationship and feed off each other by setting an agenda, particularly
in the lead-up to elections.
Muslim Ummah Response to the Speech |
President Macron’s speech elicited a critical response. Turkish President

Erdogan criticized his French counterpart by stating that his plan was an “open
provocation beyond disrespect.” In a televised address, he asked, “Who are you to
talk about the structuring of Islam.”
The scholars of Al-Azhar University, one of the oldest seats of learning in the
Islamic world, were quick to denounce his remarks as “racist” and “hate speech”. Al-
Azhar’s Islamic Research Academy stated, “Such racist statements will inflame the
feelings of two billion Muslim followers” and block the path to constructive
engagement. The university’s grand Imam Ahmed al-Tayeb also expressed his
“anger” in a tweet at the use of the term “Islamist terrorism” and warned against its
use by others. Social media also heated up following Macron’s speech.
Given the precarious nature of interfaith relations, the contents of the speech are
likely to inject further volatility. World leaders need to display an empathic
approach, send out messages of inclusion and hope, and create opportunities for
productive engagement between religions and nations.

We can’t Undo Globalization, but We Can
Improve it | Hbr.Organization
Leer espanol
The costs of globalization and trade | We need to discard the exploitive
trends in trade and globalization
You can’t go forward by going backward. Take the current debate about trade and
globalization, for instance. While the impulse /desire to erect (set up) trade
barriers is understandable given the pain experienced by workers in a range of
industries and communities in recent years, it is not the way to create lasting growth
and shared prosperity.
That doesn’t mean we should keep doing the same old things. Ignoring the very real
costs of trade and globalization is not only counterproductive but indefensible.
Instead, the United States needs to move forward based on a new economic agenda,
one that promotes inclusion and helps workers and communities caught in
transition.
Positive side of Globalization |
Over the past three decades, global flows of trade and investment have accelerated
dramatically, creating enormous economic value. Between 1980 and 2007, cross-
border trade and financial flows grew tenfold in nominal terms. During the past
decade, the United States was the world’s largest recipient of foreign direct
investment, with nearly $2 trillion invested in a range of sectors, companies, and
workers across the country. What’s more, hundreds of millions of American
consumers benefit from access to wide variety and lower price of goods, ranging
from home appliances to cars, increasing their purchasing power noticeably.
Problems with Globalization |
However, trade and globalization have also brought wrenching job losses. These
have been aggravated by declining worker mobility; people are less likely to move to
a new state or county, or to switch employers or industries, than they used to be.
The financial crisis, recession, and weak recovery have made matters worse, helping
to intensify and galvanize the backlash against trade and globalization. The data is
striking: Between 2005 and 2014, wages and other income stagnated or declined for
more than 80% of U.S. households.
Part of the problem is that the benefits of trade and investment go largely
unrecognized, while the job losses are often overstated. According to our analysis,
trade accounted for only 20% of net manufacturing job losses in the United States
between 2000 and 2010. But the impact of these losses is localized, painful, and
persistent — unlike the more diffuse benefits of foreign investment and a wider
variety of lower-price consumer goods being available.
Problems in US with respect to the impact of globalization | not relevant

for us I think.
Another significant problem is that participation in trade and investment is limited

to a relatively small set of firms in the U.S. For example, less than 1% of the nearly
30 million registered U.S. companies sell abroad — a far lower share than in any
other advanced economy. To put this in context of other large economies, the export
intensity of the U.S., its ratio of exports to GDP, has been rising slowly for decades
but remains significantly lower than in the European Union, China, and India. Large
firms account for more than three-quarters of total exports. The vast majority of
small and medium-size businesses in the United States do not export, and those that
do export tend to sell their products or services to a single country.
This means U.S. firms have a significant opportunity to boost their

growth and productivity through wider participation in trade and
investment. Firms that export have higher productivity growth, according to
research. Perhaps that’s because the most productive firms benefit from export
growth, or it could be because domestic firms become more productive by
competing in export markets. Regardless of the reason, our research shows that
firms that participate in the global economy see stronger earnings and productivity
growth and that their workers experience higher wages.
The U.S. is in a strong position to take advantage of the changing nature

of globalization.
In the past decade, globalization has become more digital, with data flows
increasing by a factor of 45, contributing as much as $450 billion to global growth
annually. As the world’s largest producer of digital content, platforms, and
companies, the U.S. has a unique opportunity. The U.S. runs a large surplus in
digital services trade with the European Union.
Digitization makes it easier for smaller firms and startups to participate

in the global economy. By joining e-commerce marketplaces, individuals and
small companies can reach a critical mass of global customers. Sellers on eBay, for
example, can sign up to be featured on eBay sites in other countries, join a global
shipping program, and clear transactions with PayPal. Today there are some 50
million small and medium-size enterprises worldwide on Facebook, a number that
has doubled from two years ago. We’re also witnessing a new breed of startup that
may help lead the way. A joint McKinsey Global Institute/1776 survey of
startups worldwide found that 86% engaged in some form of foreign business
activity from inception. These tech-savvy, globally minded entrepreneurs think
nothing of seeking out venture capital from Europe, hiring talent from South Asia,
and selling into markets around the world right out of the gate.
Conclusion
Above all, it’s important to recognize that our economic transition to a global and
digital economy is here to stay, and that there’s a need to foster a climate of courage
and creativity to help all Americans start and continue adapting. Only by
broadening participation in the global economy, rather than by trying to turn back
the clock, will America discover answers to today’s most vexing economic problems
and create a cycle of growth and shared prosperity for decades to come.

FATF and the politics behind 'terrorism' |
Global Village
Amjaed Javvad
Wriggle out (phrase)
Pakistan is struggling hard to If you say that someone has wriggled out of doing
something, you disapprove of the fact that they have
wriggle out of the Financial Action managed to avoid doing it, although they should have
Task Force grey-list. Pakistan done it.
needs 15 out of 39 votes to get
rid of the listing. But it may remain The Government has tried to wriggle out of any
on the grey list if it gets only three responsibility for providing childcare for working
parents.
votes.
The whole listing procedure looks

biased as it does not accommodate Pakistan’s perception. The main allegation is
that Pakistan harbors UN-designated terrorists. But, the yardstick with which the
US measures its allegation is lopsided (lacking proportion). The UN views ongoing
freedom movement in the Jammu and Kashmir State, a disputed territory under UN
resolutions, `terrorism’, aided by Pakistan.
Evolution of the term “terrorism” over time

In the historical context, the term meant different things to different individuals and
communities. The oldest ‘terrorists’ were holy warriors who killed civilians. Recent
examples of religious terrorists are Aum Shinrikyo (Japanese), Rabbi Meir Kahane
and Baruch Goldstein and Yigal Amir (Jews). The Jewish-controlled media
describes Hezbollah and Hamas as ‘religious terrorists’.
In the first century A.D Palestine, the Jews publicly slit the Romans’ throats, in the
seventh century India, the thugs strangulated gullible passersby to please the
Hindu Devi Kali, and the 19th century adherents of Narodnaya Volya
(People’s Will) mercilessly killed their pro-Tsar rivals.
`Terrorist’ and `freedom fighter’ had been interchangeable labels subject to

expediency. Not long ago, the US treated the Taliban as freedom fighters. Ronald
Reagan accorded red-carpeted welcomes to Jalluddin Haqqani. Cuban terrorists
were decorated in the US gallery as freedom fighters.
The term ‘terrorism’ received international publicity during the French reign of
terror in 1793-94. It is now common to dub one’s adversary a ‘terrorist’. Doing so
forecloses possibility of political negotiation and gives the powerful definer the right
to eliminate the ‘terrorist’, an individual or a country. FATF is employed as a Sword
of Damocles in the case of Pakistan.
The Doval doctrine: Inspired by the East Pakistan secession

In line with India’s security Czar Ajit Doval’s Doctrine, RAW aims at fomenting
insurgency in Pakistan’s sensitive provinces. Doval is inspired by India’s nefarious
efforts which resulted in the secession of East Pakistan. Naila Baloch’s `Free
Balochistan’ office has been working in New Delhi since 23 June 2018. BJP MLAs
and RAW officers attended its inauguration.
The spy initially worked for Naval Intelligence, but
later moved on to the Intelligence Bureau. He got
associated with RAW in 2010
B Raman in his books admitted that not only India’s then Prime Minister Indra
Gandhi but also the heads of RAW and IB created and trained Mukti Bahini. Doval
publicly claims that he acted as a spy under a pseudonym in Pakistan for 11 years.
Free Balochistan
It sponsored offensive posters on taxi cabs and buses in Switzerland and Britain.
The USA has recently outlawed Balochistan Liberation Army. However, earlier, in
2012, a handful of Republican had moved a pro-separatist bill in US Congress. It
demanded `the right to self-determination’.
Aid to Afghan insurgents

India’s ambassador Bharath Raj Muthu Kumar, with the consent of then foreign
minister Jaswant Singh, `coordinated military and medical assistance that India
was secretly giving to Massoud and his forces’… `helicopters, uniforms, ordnance,
mortars, small armaments, refurbished Kalashnikovs seized in Kashmir, combat
and winter clothes, packaged food, medicines, and funds through his brother in
London, Wali Massoud, delivered circuitously with the help of other countries who
helped this outreach’. When New Delhi queried about the benefit of costly support
to Northern Alliance chief Massoud, Kumar explained, “He is battling someone we
should be battling. When Massoud fights the Taliban, he fights Pakistan.”
Pushtun Tahafuz Movement

Pashtun Tahafuz Movement is apparently being backed by India. In their over-
ebullient speeches, PTM’s leaders openly scold Pakistan’s national security
institutions. For instance, Manzoor Pashteen, in an interview, berates Pak army
operations and extols drone strikes. He says, ‘The army did not eliminate even a
single Taliban leader. All the 87 Taliban commanders killed in the last 18 years were
eliminated in drone strikes.’ At a PTM meeting in Britain, even Malala Yusafzai’s
father (Ziauddin), echoed anti-Army sentiments. He said, “Pakistan army and
intelligence agencies knew that Fazalullah was a terrorist who continued to operate
a radio station in Swat.”
RAW officers Raman and RK Yadav’s self-incriminating

disclosures
In a published letter, Yadav made a startling revelation that India’s prime minister
Indira Gandhi, Parliament, RAW and armed forces acted in tandem to dismember
Pakistan. The confessions in his letter are corroborated by B. Raman’s book ‘The
Kaoboys of R&AW’. He reminds: ‘Indian parliament passed a resolution on March
31, 1971 to support insurgency.’
Indira Gandhi had then confided with Kao in case Mujib was prevented, from ruling
Pakistan, she would liberate East Pakistan from the clutches of the military junta.
Kao, through one RAW agent, got hijacked, a Fokker Friendship, the Ganga, of
Indian Airlines hijacked from Srinagar to Lahore.

Kulbushan Jadhav unmasked
Jadhav was an Indian Navy officer attached to RAW. His mission was to covertly
carry out espionage and terrorism in Pakistan. Pakistan also alleged there were
Indian markings on arms deliveries to Baloch rebels pushed by Jadhav. To India’s
chagrin, India’s investigative journalists confirmed from Gazettes of India that he
was commissioned in the Indian Navy in 1987 with the service ID of 41558Z
Kulbhushan Sudhir.
For one thing, India should close the `Free

Balochistan’ office on its soil and stop resuscitating
propaganda skeletons of pre-Bangladesh days
A later edition of the Gazette showed his promotion to the rank of commander after
13 years of service in 2000. His passport, E6934766, indicated he traveled to Iran
from Pune as Hussein Mubarak Patel in December 2003. Another of his Passports,
No. L9630722 (issued from Thane in 2014), inadvertently exposed his correct
address: Jasdanwala Complex, old Mumbai-Pune Road, cutting through Navi
Mumbai.
The municipal records confirmed that the flat he lived in was owned by his mother,
Avanti Jadhav. Furthermore, in his testimony before a Karachi magistrate, Karachi
underworld figure Uzair Baloch confessed he had links with Jadhav. India’s
prestigious frontline surmised that Jadhav still served with the Indian Navy.
Gazette of India files bore no record of Jadhav’s retirement. India told the
International Court of Justice (ICJ) that Jadhav was a retired naval officer. But it
refrained from stating exactly when he retired. The spy initially worked for Naval
Intelligence, but later moved on to the Intelligence Bureau. He got associated with
RAW in 2010.
India’s unexplained contradiction

It is not understood why freedom movement in Kashmir is terrorism, while India-
sponsored insurgency, followed by armed intervention, in erstwhile East Pakistan
isn’t. B. Raman, in his book The Kaoboys of R&AW: Down Memory Lane makes no
bones about India’s involvement up to the level of Prime Minister in Bangladesh’s
insurgency. One is shocked to read accounts of former diplomats and RAW officers
executing insurgencies in some other neighboring countries also.
India portrays the freedom movement in Kashmir as `terrorism’. What about

India’s terrorism in neighboring countries? Will the world take notice of the
confessions by India’s former intelligence officers and diplomats? Pakistani outfits
sympathizing with Kashmiri freedom fighters are dubbed as terrorists. But Indians
abetting terrorism in Sri Lanka or supplying IED components to ISIS go scot free.
B Raman‘s book and RK Yadav’s letter of 14 August 2015 published in Indian and
Nepalese media confirms India’s involvement in terrorism against Pakistan.
Kalbushan Jhadav wanted to replay the Mukti Bahini experience in Balochistan and
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

The conduct of Indian diplomats amounts to state-sponsored terrorism. For one
thing, India should close the ‘Free Balochistan’ office on its soil and stop
resuscitating propaganda skeletons of pre-Bangladesh days.
About the writer
Mr. Amjed Javed has been writing freelance for over five decades

The sociological Imagination | Daily times
Iftikhar Ahmad
Introduction | Economic stability must be top priority
More Importantly, representatives of the Afghan peace committee need to look

ahead and work out what comes after a deal has been struck. For any peace in the
near future, Economic stability must be a top priority for the Afghan government
moving forward. And the best way to guarantee that is through regional
cooperation. This is where Pakistan can assist the western neighbor and
has done so in the past as well; Pakistan just recently opened up transit
trade even though India at the receiving end is leaving no stone
unturned to foment instability in the region. Pakistan has stood for peace
before negotiations began, and has offered unconditional support to the Afghan
government. Exact nature of support and cooperation could be determined after a
ceasefire has been agreed to. Even at this early juncture, chairman Abdullah can use
his visit to Pakistan to make initial inroads related to economic partnership in times
to come.
Tax Culture
For economic stability, sound governance and accountability Pakistan itself needs
improvements in tax culture. The tax culture in Pakistan cannot be promoted unless
our parliamentarians contribute to tax collection honestly from all available income
sources and assets. An essential aspect to promote tax culture is to spend the
taxpayer’s money on socio-economic prosperity and welfare of the masses. This is
how developed and progressing countries are raising and scaling up their tax to GDP
ratio up to 50 percent According to a report 1 percent of GDP is spent on charity by
98 percent of Pakistanis.
Looming cases of rape are a matter of shame and an attack on the soft
image of Pakistan.
The rape cases have become rampant in Pakistan. Lately, the case like brutal gang
rape child abuse, and killing of transgender people have been reported but our
leaders seen to be in deep slumber. The delinquent police is getting more and more
out of control. No practical and effective action has been taken against the criminals
the monsters. Incriminating the harassed women instead of the culprits is a sadly
sad ill-mentality of our society. Now it seems impossible of a woman even to step
out of her house. Prime minister Imran Khan had vowed to turn Pakistan
into “Riyasat-e-Madina” will that dream ever become a reality. Is the
Prime Minister helpless before the real culprits, is he pulling back of his
promise why should the rulers not act against those who are a nuisance for
our country, who can dash our prosperity and peace into dire. We need to
fortify our strengths to minimize our weaknesses to confront all internal and
external challenges. Only a selfless and sincere leadership can make it possible who
holistic and well thought of plans and action will deliver. Patchwork is not the
solution. Cooperation and positivity is the key to way forward and success.
Government witch hoot is a ‘futile think’ that newer can help improve things.

Any country that adopts democracy as a system of
governance requires its politicians to be law abiding
citizens in order to inspire faith in their ability to
create, discuss and implement law and policies
Economic halt and its reasons |

The biggest problem Pakistan faces in not corruption but instead the
inability to take or make decisions no decision leads to no work done,
hence zero growth intent to deliver is often missing. Projects suffer from
delayed approvals and the fights for clearance of already approved funds is still the
way it has been for centuries. Don’t blame the bureaucracy, it is a system and set of
rules only that we fail to understand and follow for effectiveness and correctness as
per desired objectives and goals. In the last two decades our country has borne the
brunt of the global war on terrorism. Corona-virus related pandemic and other crisis
situations have often prompted bureaucracy to deliver meaningfully and effectively.
It is important to understand and follow government policy with all its pros and
cons. There should be no doubts in our people’s minds relating to the state’s policies
and institutions. The critical role played by our armed forces in all crisis and
unusual situations has to be clearly understood and appreciated we take pride and
view such scenarios that bring hopefulness and brighter and secure future, leaving
behind all fears and desperation.
Any country that adopts democracy as a system of governance requires its

politicians to be law abiding citizens in order to inspire faith in their ability to
create, discuss and implement law and policies. As such it is imperative for
prominent members of the government, specially Presidents and prime Ministers,
to disclose information regarding their personal financial/economic status assets
and liabilities etc. As soon as powerful individuals make dubious statements 02
refuse to prove their abidance of the law, the entire system threatens to crumble.
Selfish interests and underhanded works explain all that.
Challenges of Pakistan | Solutions
1. Pakistan does not face threats from any external rival but it has great menace
from her internal political influence. The youth needs a true, faithful and
honest leader who could bring merit, political stability and democracy. The
government of Pakistan and the judiciary should look after the country’s
prevailing huge social problems. Pakistan needs meritocracy in all its
institutions and organizations so that the country could achieve progress and
prosperity. Our justice system has the obligation to bring an end to the
brutalities across the country. Criminality of all sorts must be effectively dealt
with for the positive image of the country to return for our security and peace.
2. We need a quality of mind that will help to use information and to develop
reason in order to achieve lucid summations of what is going on in the world
and what may be happening within us or the people we interact with. It is this
quality, C. Wright Hills contend, that journalists and scholars, artist, and
publics, scientists and editors are coming to expect of what may be called the
“sociological imagination”.

3. The sociological imagination enables its possessor to understand the larger
historical scene in terms of its meaning for the inner life and external career of
a variety of individuals.
The Merits of sociological imagination |
The first fruit of the sociological imagination and the first lesson of the social science
that embodies it is the idea that the individual can understand his own experience
and gauge his own fate only be locating himself within his period, that he can know
his own chances in life only by becoming aware of those of individuals in his
circumstances. In many ways it is a terrible lesson; in many ways a magnificent one.
We do not know the limit of man’s capacities for supreme effort. Every individual
lives, from one generation to the next in some society. By the fact of his living he
contributes to the shaping of this society and to the course of its history. The
sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and relation
between the two within society.
About the writer
The writer is former Director National Institute of Public Administration (NIPA)

Government of Pakistan, a political analyst, a public policy expert, and a published
author. His book post 9/11 Pakistan was published in the United States. His book
Existential Question for Pakistan was recently launched and highly recommended as
a must read for everyone.

ISI: Pakistan's first line of defence | Pakistan
Observer
Dr. Muhammad Khan
Pakistan's premium intelligence agency | Introduction

WHEREAS the defence forces of Pakistan act as a strong combat force to defeat and
destroy the enemies of Pakistan in physical terms, its premium intelligence agency,
the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) act as eyes and ears for the state, its
national interests and its masses. Ever since its establishment, this premium
organization has acted as the first line of defence for Pakistan. It provides timely
information and early warnings about the global and regional happenings with
particular reference to their impact on Pakistan. Moreover, ISI through its efficient
organizational structure and dedicated work force timely inform the leadership
about the emerging threats and approaches to counter those threats with needed
counter measures. Owing to its most efficient recital (narrate) and farsightedness,
it is globally ranked as number one spying network of the world, leaving behind the
CIA and MI-6. Ranking this premium organization as world’s top network is a
matter of great pride for the people of Pakistan. The more this organization gain in
terms of professionalism and farsighted planning, Pakistan will be more secure and
protected from the conspiracies of global spying networks and the rival forces which
otherwise look for an opportunity to harm Pakistan and its national interests.
Indeed, safeguarding the national interests of Pakistan is the primary objective of
this premium Pakistani organization.
In the last two decades, ISI has very successfully unearthed and destroyed the
network of terrorism, which the enemies of Pakistan have established to destabilize
and weaken the state and society of Pakistan. It has successfully unearthed the
abettors (one who motivates others), sponsors, supporters, financers and
sympathizers of terrorism, extremism and radicalization both within Pakistan and
across the Pakistani frontiers. The rival international and regional spying networks
have been operating from the neighbourhood of Pakistan with the aim of internal
destabilization of Pakistan. These forces have been operating from the soil of
neighbouring states much before the incident of 9/11. Indeed, the international
forces predicted that war on terror would devastate Pakistan with chaos among the
masses and onset of civil war in Pakistan. Alongside the defence forces of
Pakistan; ISI played a decisive role to counter and finally waning these
regional and internal strategies against Pakistan. It is worth mentioning
that the premium spying network of Pakistan has thwarted the anti-
Pakistan activities of regional and international spying networks. It has
successfully countered and debauched these hostile spying networks
and their huge infrastructure. Otherwise, it was very difficult to deal with
highly sophisticated and well-knitted international and regional spying networks.
Unlike the cruel spying networks like RAW, NDS and Mossad, ISI has maintained a
clean conduct ever since its establishment. ISI has neither established inhuman
camps like Guantanamo Bay nor colonised its neighbours. On behalf of the
Government, it has sincerely and wholeheartedly supported the peace process in
Afghanistan. Today, Pakistan is the biggest supporter of peace and stability in its
neighbourhood especially in Afghanistan.

Indeed, this premium intelligence agency helps all other government institutions
within Pakistan with a view to timely reacting against any eventuality they are likely
to face. Its well established information system has greatly helped during all military
operations against terrorism. Operation Rad-ul-Fassad is totally intelligence-based
operation which has destroyed the sleeper cells of terrorists and financial basis of
extremism, terrorism and radicalization. Apart from supporting the security
apparatus of Pakistan on the issue of security and strategy, this premium
organization looks after over-all national interest of Pakistan. It plays a greater role
in finding the economic opportunities for Pakistan at international level. It also
facilitates advancing the trade and commerce for the business community of
Pakistan at international level. The organization has greater role in creating
a positive image of Pakistan which the rival powers have tarnished over
the years. Owing to its marvellous achievements, the regional and global
spying networks are hell-bent to harm this brilliant organization by all
means. Since the direct attacks over this organization have failed, the rival agencies
have lobbied to defame the organization through internal and external defaming
campaigns. In a way, the masses particularly the literate class in the society are
slowly and gradually festering to defame the organization alongside defaming the
organization of military.
Some forces wants to destabilize the ISI | Critical Analysis

In this regard, some of the political parties and religio-political groups are being
asked to defame the organization through their political statements and political
workers. Through an indirect approach the rival spying networks are creating an
environment in Pakistan to mobilize the political forces, the social and religious
groups and media houses against this national institution of Pakistan. These
indirect strategies are part of hybrid warfare, the enemies of Pakistan have already
unleashed against Pakistan.
Way forward
Let’s not be driven by the agendas, narratives and interests of rival powers. After all,
the hybrid warfare is all about the game of building perceptions. As a nation we need
to well understand that ISI is Pakistan’s first line of defence which could not be
sapped despites decades of conspiracies against it by adversaries. Let’s comprehend,
endorse and be determined that Pakistani nationals should never indulge
themselves in the unholy task of defamation campaigns and intrigues against this
world number one organization. ISI is a premium national institution which must
be respected and believed to be the guarantor of our national security and solidarity.
— The writer is Professor of Politics and IR at International Islamic University,

Islamabad.


Dawn 15 October, 2020 by M.Usman and Rabia K

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ICEP

DAWN EDITORIALS & OPINIONS

1 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

Red for Difficult Vocab

Green for Important Figures and contents

Others colours used where necessary

2 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

3 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

It is an undeniable fact that South Asia is changing in ways that would

China and Pakistan playing a leading role in S.A | Changing Dynamics

4 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

WHILE condemning the killing of prominent scholar Maulana

Pakistan and Intelligence agencies need to be extra vigilant to deter

5 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

grassroots (adjective): of or pertaining to the common people; of a source or origin.

6 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

Way forward | Nevertheless, it is time for the world to appreciate Pakistan’s

7 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

IN an effort to redress biodiversity loss, the climate change ministry

▪ Pakistan is believed to have the second highest rate of deforestation in

Critical Analysis | Alarming ecosystem for wildlife specifies

8 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

Critical Analysis | Root causes of hunger must be supplanted |

9 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

Undoubtedly, global terrorism is a formidable (frightening)

The age of digital surveillance and the need of protection | Critical

Challenges to protect privacy |

Additionally, with granting further access to law enforcement agencies, the

10 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

11 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

CSS Essay Outline on Hybrid Warfare, Fifth Generation Warfare

12 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

I. Hybrid warfare, Gray zone warfare, Fifth Generation warfare

1. Combination of two or more distinct elements

B. In the parlance of modern military warfare

1. deliberately designed to remain below the threshold of conventional military

II. The USA most powerful military empire

13 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

B. The emerging powers do threaten critical U.S. interests through “strategic

V. Influence of Unrestricted Warfare (1999 PLA)by Qiao and

VI. Why Russia and China evolved their unique strategies ?

VII. Chin’s “informationised” warfare-decades old military

VIII. Fought in five domains

IX. Comprehensive toolset: Methods employed

A. Disruptive cyber attacks

B. The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)

C.Boko Haram in Nigeria

D. The Houthi rebellion in Yemen

XI. Major players

XII. Russian grey-zone strategy

A. To undermine faith in Western institutions

15 ICEP CSS-PMS Dawn

A. Gwadar (in Pakistan) the Port of Gwadar Port of Chhabar in Iran

XIV. BRI’s six arms

Chinese complicity in Russian-style hacker attacks on the West, but officially

XVI. Israel and the challenges of Hybrid Warfare

XVII. India’s hybrid warfare against Pakistan

XVIII. Iran’s hybrid war against Pakistan

XIX. The Arab countries hybrid war against Pakistan

XX. Prominent complexities, paradoxes, and nuances at the heart

XXI. Options for Pakistan: Need of coherent response and

B. Best special operations forces and more specialized conventional capabilities

C. The defense complex should design special operations forces (SOF)