B.

Relations/Functions:

Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. To understand the definition of a real function
2. To determine whether a relation is a function.

A relation is any set of ordered pairs or the rule that associates the elements of one set
to the elements of another set. The set of first members, the x values of the ordered pairs, is
called the domain of the relation. The set of second members, the y values of the ordered pairs,
is called the range of the relation.

A function is a relation in which each element of the domain is paired with exactly one
element in the range.

Determine whether a given set of ordered pairs and an arrow diagram is a function or a mere
relation:
1) {(10, 180), (11, 198), (12, 216)}
2) {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5)}
3) {(5, ¼), (10, ½), (15, ¾), (20, 1)}
4) {(3.5, 4), (3.6, 4), (3.7, 4), (3.8, 4), (3.9, 4)}
5) {(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}

Determine whether the relation from A to B is a function, the relation from B to A is a function, or
both are functions.
A B A→B B→A
1. MAKABAYAN subjects Number of units
2. Name of Classmates Birthday
3. Integers Corresponding additive inverse
4. Age of a teacher Subject Teacher
5. Subject First Grading grades

Determine whether each graph represents a function or a mere relation.

Use the vertical line test to determine whether a given graph represents a function or a mere
relation. (Identify to which type of function each graph belongs.)

Identify to which type of function each graph belongs.

1. 2. 3.
y y


y 

 



  


 


x 
 x
        
x                  

          


 

 

 









Activity :
1. This family tree shows how 16 persons are related to one another. Make an arrow diagram
depicting “is the father of”, is married to”, and “is/are children of (name of mother)” from the
family tree. Which arrow diagrams show a relation? A function?

2. Determine whether a given set of ordered pairs and an arrow diagram is a function or a
mere relation:
a. X –1 –2 –3 –7 –8
Y 3 5 6 4 4
b.
X 0 1 1.5 2 5/2 3
Y 0 1 1.5 2 5/2 3
c.
X 2 3 3 4 5 –1
Y 5 7 9 11 –1 –3

3. Determine whether a given equation in two variables represent a function or a mere relation.
a. 7 + y = 2
b. x2 + y2 = 3
c. y2 = x2 – 1
d. x2 + y = 4
e. y = 3x