CT 106 ASSIGNMENTS FEB-JUNE 2019

Assignment 1

1)  Describe, with the aid of a diagram, an experiment to determine the Young Modulus
of steel in the form of a wire. Clearly explain how to use your readings to obtain the
Young modulus. [9]

2) A tensile test specimen has a cross sectional area of 123 mm 2. The force measure at
the yield point was 43 kN and the maximum force was 57 kN. The force at the limit
of proportionality was 41 kN and the extension was 0.095 mm over a gauge length of
50 mm. Calculate
(i) The yield stress
(ii) The tensile strength
(iii) The modulus of elasticity [7]
3) Ferromagnetic materials are classified as either hard or soft.
Draw the hysteresis loops for the hard and soft ferromagnetic materials and hence
show their differences in
(i) properties.
(ii) uses, between these. [5]
a) Explain how the Frank-Read source of dislocation is able to multiply dislocations [4]

Assignment 2
(a) (i) Define a slip system. [1]
(ii) Explain how grain boundaries impede dislocation motion and why a metal having
small grains is stronger than one having large grains. [4]
(b) With the aid of a diagram, show for the body-centered cubic crystal structure that the
unit cell edge length a and the atomic radius R,are related through a = 4R/√3.
(c) Copper has a face centred cubic structure, an atomic radius of 0.1278nm. the atomic
mass of copper is 63.5 g/mol and Avogadro’s number is 6.02 x 1023 . Calculate
(i) the ionic packing factor of copper [3]
(ii) the density of copper from this data [5]
(d) Explain why the fibre optic cable is rapidly replacing copper for communications.
(e) The following data were collected from a tensile test of a steel. The test piece had a
diameter of 10 mm and a gauge length of 50 mm.
Load/kN 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 32.5 35.8
Ext./mm 0 0.016 0.033 0.049 0.065 0.081 0.097 0.106 0.250
 (i) Plot the stress-strain graph [8]
(ii) determine the tensile strength [2]
(iii) the modulus of elasticity [2]

Assignment 3
a) With the aid of well labelled diagrams, derive the relationships between unit cell edge
length a, and atomic radius for simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centered
cubic crystal structures. [11]
b) Some hypothetical metal has the simple cubic crystal structure. If its atomic weight is
70.4 g/mol and the atomic radius is 0.126 nm, compute its density. [2]
c) Explain the factors that affect the formation of substitutional solid solutions. [12]

Assignment 4
a) Determine the number of vacancies per unit cubic meter occurring in copper at just below its
melting temperature of 1093oC if 71kJ/mol are required to produce a vacancy. Copper has a
face centered lattice parameter of 0.3619 nm. Avogadro’s number is 6.02 x1023/mol and the
Boltzman’s constant is 1.38 x10-23JK-1 [4]
c) Calculate the radius of an iridium atom given that Ir has an FCC crystal structure, a
density of 22.4 g/cm3, and an atomic weight of 192.2 g/mol. [5]
d) Figure 2 shows a lead – tin equilibrium phase diagram

Figure 2: Lead-tin equilibrium phase diagram

A lead–tin alloy of composition 30 wt% Sn–70 wt% Pb is slowly heated from a
temperature of 100oC to 225 oC
(i) At what temperature does the first liquid phase form? [2]
(ii) Determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 225 oC [6]
e) Estimate the voltage necessary to induce a 13.23 mA current with the following
dimensions,17 cm long and 13 cm diameter. The resistivity of copper is 1,666 x10-8
Ωm [3]