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• Learn how to
• Model physical system,
• Find transfer function,
• Make Analogies with other Systems
Mechanical System : The basic elements are Spring, Damper and Mass.
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“Together Towards A Green Environment” 3
Mechanical Systems
Ex. write differential equation then TF for the circuit shown in Figure.
Solution:
Step1: draw the Free body diagram.
Step2: write net force equation
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Mechanical Systems
Summary
The relation between Force (F) and displacement (x) is given by:
𝑑2 𝑦
Mass F= 𝑚 2 F(s) = 𝑚𝑠 2 𝑋(𝑠)
𝑑𝑡
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Electrical System
Electrical System
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Electrical System
Ex1. write differential equation then TF for the Low pass filter shown in Figure.
Solution
𝑉𝑖 = 𝑉𝑅 + 𝑉𝑜
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Electrical System
Ex2. write differential equation then TF for the circuit shown in Figure.
Solution
Using Kirchhoff’s voltage law
𝑣𝑖 = 𝑣𝑙 + 𝑣𝑐 + 𝑣𝑜
Applying Ohm’s law for inductor, capacitor
𝑑𝑖 1
𝑣𝑖 = 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶 𝑡𝑑𝑖 + 𝑣𝑜 ------(1)
For the resistor, we have
𝑣𝑜
𝑖= ------(2)
𝑅
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Electrical System
Check your learning
1. Obtain differential equation then give TF for the shown circuit
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Electric Circuit Analogs of Mechanical Systems
Force to Voltage
C
C
Conclusion
Force (in mechanical) equivalent to Voltage (in Electrical)
Velocity (in mechanical) equivalent to Current (in Electrical) 10
Mechanical Systems
Summary
The relation between voltage (v) and current (i) is given by:
1 1
Capacitor v = idt V(s) = 𝐼(𝑠)
𝐶 𝐶𝑠
➢ Whenever its possible, we put the input (vi) on a side and the output (vo) on
the other side (see Ex1 & Ex2).
Force Voltage
Mass Inductor
Damper Resistor
Spring 1/Capacitor
Velocity current 11