14-2 F E M E C H A N I C A L P R A C T I C E P R O B L E M S

9. 7 kg of neon is stored in a rigid tank at three times SOLUTIONS

. . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 70
C. 30 kJ
of heat is added to the neon. What is most nearly the 1. The generators are driven by hydraulic turbines.
final temperature of the neon? Since the process is adiabatic, and since velocity and
(A) 70
C elevation changes are insignificant, all of the terms in
the steady flow energy equation drop out except work
(B) 73
C and enthalpy. The turbine work per unit mass is
(C) 74
C
(D) 77
C w turbine ¼ hi  he

In the absence of compressed water tables (giving

10. A device expends 130 kJ of energy while pressuriz- enthalpies of subcooled and compressed water), the tur-
ing 10 kg of water initially at 17
C. The isentropic bine work must be calculated from more basic princi-
efficiency of the device is 50%. Inefficiencies are repre- ples. Enthalpy is defined as h = p
+ u, so the turbine
sented by a heat loss from the device casing. What is work per unit mass is
most nearly the final temperature of the water?
(A) 18
C w pump ¼ h i  h e ¼ pi
i  pe
e


(B) 19 C
Since the water is incompressible, the specific volume is
(C) 20
C unchanged. The turbine work per unit mass is
(D) 21
C
w pump ¼
i ðpi  pe Þ
Thermodynamics

11. An adiabatic pump receives 1.5 kg/s of 15 kPa

water and discharges it at 15 MPa. The specific volume The power generated by turbines is
of the entering water is 0.001055 m3/kg. Consider the
water to be incompressible. The isentropic efficiency of W _ i ðpi  pe Þ
_ ¼ m

the pump is 0.82. Velocity and elevation changes are   
Mg m3
insignificant. The water does not increase in tempera- ¼ 900 0:001 ð900 kPa  200 kPaÞ
ture significantly. Most nearly, what is the minimum s kg
electrical power required to drive the pump? ¼ 630 MW
(A) 13 kW The answer is (B).
(B) 20 kW
2. The first law is
(C) 23 kW
(D) 30 kW Q  W ¼ DU

Q is the heat transfer into the system across the system

12. An engine operates at a constant temperature of

boundary. W is the energy transferred across the system
90 C. Through a reversible process, the engine’s work boundary to the surroundings in the form of work. DU is
output is 5.3 kJ, and the heat loss is 4.7 kJ. What is the change in energy stored within the system in the
most nearly the change in entropy during the process? form of internal energy. This expression shows that the
(A) 0.013 kJ/K energy transferred across the system boundary comes
from a change in stored energy.
(B) 0.014 kJ/K
The answer is (B).
(C) 0.015 kJ/K
(D) 0.016 kJ/K 3. The energy equation is based on the first law of
thermodynamics.
13. In a heat treating process, a 2 kg metal part (spe- The answer is (C).
cific heat = 0.5 kJ/kgK) initially at 800
C is quenched
in a tank containing 200 kg of water initially at 20
C.
What is most nearly the total entropy change of the
process immediately after quenching?
(A) 2.3 kJ/K (decrease)
(B) 0.65 kJ/K (decrease)
(C) 0.90 kJ/K (increase)
1.6
(D) 1.4 kJ/K (increase)

P P I * w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
 L A W S O F T H E R M O D Y N A M I C S 14-5

12. The change in entropy is So, considering a system consisting of the metal part
and the water in the quenching tank,
Qout
DS out ¼ T2
T reservoir DS metal ¼ mc ln
T1
4:7 kJ  
¼

90 C þ 273
kJ 21
C þ 273

¼ ð2 kgÞ 0:5 ln
¼ 0:013 kJ=K kgK 800
C þ 273

¼ 1:295 kJ=K
The answer is (A).
T2
DS water ¼ mc ln
13. Calculate the final temperature, Tf. T1
 
kJ 21
C þ 273

ðmcDT Þmetal þ ðmcDT Þwater ¼ 0 ¼ ð200 kgÞ 4:18 ln

2.848 kgK 20 C þ 273

 
kJ ¼ 2:655 kJ=K
ð2 kgÞ 0:5 ð800
C  T f Þ
kgK DS total ¼ DS metal þ DS water 2.84
  kJ kJ 8
kJ ¼ 1:295 þ 2:655 1.6
þ ð200 kgÞ 4:18 ð20
C  T f Þ 1.55 K K
kgK
¼ 1:36 kJ=K ð1:4 kJ=KÞ
¼0
The answer is (D).
T f ¼ 20:93
C ð21
CÞ

Thermodynamics
For a solid or liquid, the total entropy is

T2
DS ¼ mc ln
T1

P P I * w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
46 Manufacturability,
Quality, and Reliability
. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .

PRACTICE PROBLEMS 4. A hollow aluminum cylinder is pressed over a hollow

. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .
brass cylinder as shown. Both cylinders are 5 cm long.
1. A shaft with an interference fit has a maximum The interference is 0.010 cm. The average coefficient of
diameter of 3 cm and a nominal diameter of 2.990 cm. friction during assembly is 0.25. The pressure on the
The upper and lower deviations of the shaft are cylinders is 37 MPa.
0.005 cm and 0.003 cm, respectively. What is most
nearly the minimum shaft diameter? aluminum alloy, E = 70 kN/mm2, ν = 0.33

Design/Analysis
Mechanical
(A) 2.990 cm brass, E = 100 kN/mm2, ν = 0.36

(B) 2.992 cm
(C) 2.993 cm
(D) 2.995 cm
2.5 cm 5 cm 7.5 cm
2. A shaft with a clearance fit has a nominal diameter of
12 mm. The lower deviation and upper deviation are
0.036 mm and 0.028 mm, respectively. What is most
nearly the maximum nominal size of the shaft?
(A) 12.028 mm
What is most nearly the initial axial disassembly force
(B) 12.032 mm required to separate the two cylinders?
(C) 12.036 mm (A) 57 kN
(D) 12.064 mm (B) 61 kN
(C) 65 kN
3. A shaft has a nominal diameter of 15 mm. The shaft
(D) 73 kN
diameter is specified with a tolerance range of 14.950 mm
to 15.027 mm. What is most nearly the tolerance of the
shaft?
(A) 0.015 mm
(B) 0.023 mm
(C) 0.050 mm 0.077
(D) 0.073 mm

P P I * w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
 46-2 F E M E C H A N I C A L P R A C T I C E P R O B L E M S

SOLUTIONS
. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .
4. The initial force necessary to disassemble the two
cylinders is the same as the maximum assembly force.
1. The fundamental deviation,
F, is the smaller of the
F max ¼ 2pr shaft pl interface
upper and lower deviations, which is 0.003 cm.  
Pa
d min ¼ d þ
F ¼ 2:990 cm þ 0:003 cm 2pð2:5 cmÞð0:25Þð37 MPaÞð5 cmÞ 1000
¼ MPa
 
¼ 2:993 cm cm 2
100
m
The answer is (C). ¼ 72:65 kN ð73 kNÞ
2. For a clearance fit, the fundamental deviation,
F, is The answer is (D).
the upper deviation,
u, which is 0.028 mm.
The maximum nominal size of the shaft is
d max ¼ d þ
F ¼ 12 mm þ 0:028 mm
Design/Analysis

¼ 12:028 mm
Mechanical

The answer is (A).

3. The upper deviation is

u ¼ 15:027 mm  15 mm ¼ 0:027 mm
The lower deviation is

l ¼ 15 mm  14:950 mm ¼ 0:050 mm
+
The shaft tolerance is
+
Dd ¼ j
u 
l j
¼ j0:027 mm  0:050 mmj
¼ 0:023 mm
The answer is (B). D

P P I * w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m