10/2/2020 Pour Point Depressants

Crudes are called either Opportunity Crudes or Challenging Crudes if they combine some properties, which require a special
handling attention from the refineries. Those crudes often show a high Pour Point, high wax content, are mainly sweet and in
most cases bought and sold on the spot market. Their lower costs in a refining process makes them a better economic option
to improve refinery's profitability. Before refining, Opportunity Crudes have to be treated to bring the Pour Points within
pipeline and storage specifications. Our PPDs have been tested to successfully lower Pour Points of various crude oil qualities
to improve handling and storage.

API* WAT PP untreated PP treated

Name Region typical [ 0 ] approx. [ ° C] approx. [ ° C] approx. [ ° C]

Escravos Nigeria 35,6 24 -3 -12

Okwori Nigeria 36,3 20 12 -12

Skarv Blend North Sea 37,2 30 -12 -27

Okono Nigeria 40,8 21 15 -12

Yoho Nigeria 39,9 26 15 -15

Qualboe Nigeria 35,7 21 12 -27

Brent North Sea 37,8 0 -24

Amenam Nigeria 38,7 23 15 -30

Nome Norway 31,0 39 21 6

Triton UK 37,9 -3 -18

* According to American Petroleum lnstitute's Scale for denoting the lightness or heaviness of crude oils, typical order of
magnitude.

To avoid a significant rise in fuel prices and meet the new sulfur emissions restrictions, refineries are promoting or
developing new fuel blends combining heavy and light streams. Ship owners who do not want or are not able to install
expensive exhaust treatment equipment are starting to recognize the value of these hybrid fuels. These new marine diesel
types have to be brought to Pour Point specification with PPDs. Clariant Refinery Services has followed this global emission
reduction trend early on and developed a number of tailored additives for new types of marine diesel. Our experts and global
laboratories help refiners combine their production streams ensure the final products are stable and marketable meeting the
new regulations. We provide innovative products to reduce the pour point without reversion in our customer's marine fuels.

Today, 20 percent of all produced crudes have high pour points and high wax levels. Most of them have to be transported by
pipeline from bore hole to process plant, port storage or refinery. To overcome transportation problems different
technologies are used. For pipeline transport, our pour point depressants are far more economical than other technologies.
We offer several successful products to meet this challenge. Our experts work with you to ensure your crude transportation
project gets the support it needs.
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