Complex Engineering Problem

Subject: EE-341 Electrical Machines

Semester: Spring 2020
Total Marks: 20
Instructor: Engr. Hatif bin Abdul Majeed, Engr. Salman Tariq

Objective:
The objective of this complex engineering problem is to carry out analysis, design, investigation,
and implementation of a real-world complex engineering project that has the following
attributes (as defined by Pakistan Engineering Council):

1. Depth of Analysis: The problem requires abstract thinking, originality in analysis to

formulate a suitable software model; [Attribute 3]
2. Depth of Knowledge: The problem requires a research-based knowledge and allows
a fundamentals-based, first principle analytical approach; [Attribute 4]
3. Range of Conflicting Requirements: The problem involves wide-ranging or
conflicting technical, engineering, and other issues. [Attribute 2]
4. Extent of applicable codes: The problem is encompassed by standards and codes of
practice for professional engineering; [Attribute 6]
5. Interdependence: It’s a high-level problem which contains subparts or sub-
problems. [Attribute 9]

Complex Engineering Problem Outcomes (CEPO):

The outcome of this activity is that the students may be able to partially attain some or all of
the following graduate attributes:

1. GA1: Engineering Knowledge

2. GA2: Problem Analysis
3. GA3: Design/Development of Solutions
4. GA8: Professional Ethics
5. GA9: Individual and Teamwork
6. GA11: Project Management
7. GA12: Lifelong Learning

This problem is mapped on CLO-3 and your performance in this project will play an important
role in their attainment.

Examine construction, working principles, characteristics, and

CLO-3 PLO-3 C3
equivalent circuits of Electrical machines.
Problem Statement

Generating station located in Hyderabad is powering four types of load in the

Nawabshah region through the transmission line (line impedance 0.161+j0.109 Ω/km) with the
pair of single-phase transformers (230/11000 V & 11000/230 V) at either end. The series
resistance of the transformer is 0.01 pu and Series reactance is 0.08 pu.
The first load is a flour milling company, which absorbs an average active power of 250
kW and the company has maintained the power factor to 0.8 Lagging. The time of operation for
this company is 08-00 am to 4-00 pm. The second load is a small textile mill, working from 10-
00 am to 06-00 pm while maintaining the power factor of 0.87 lagging and consuming 200 kVAs.
On the other hand, the third load consists of the group of laundry shops (where clothes irons
are used for pressing clothes on large scale), absorbing real power of 20 kW and are operational
from 12-00 pm to 08-00 pm. Similarly, the last load is a toy manufacturing unit, consuming the
apparent power of 300 kVA while maintaining a power factor of 0.85 lagging for a time duration
of 8 hours per day, from 02-00 pm to 10-00 pm. The electrical frequency of all the loads is fixed
to be 50 Hertz.
You are hired as a design engineer to propose the VA ratings of the transformers along
with the type of transformer that you are going to use. Justify the type of transformer that you
are selecting for the said scenario, it may be an autotransformer or an ordinary transformer
keeping in view the financial perspectives of your selection along with technical ones. While
designing the transformer, also take the following factors into account.

 Total demand for the load

 Overall weather of the region
 Height relative to sea level

Note: National Electric Code or NFPA 70 standards, transformer kilovolt-ampere should be de-
rated by 8% for each 10°C above 40°C (when air-cooled for a dry-type transformer) and by
0.3% for every 330 feet over 3,300 feet altitude).

Tasks
1) To propose adequate power ratings for all the transformers used in the system.
2) To calculate the voltage regulation of the transformers at different points of time in a day.
3) To calculate the line losses of the transmission system at different points of time in a day.
4) To calculate the Real, Reactive, and Apparent Power supplied by the generator at different
points of time in a day.
5) Minimum Fault current level of the system if the %age impedance of the transformers is
bound to be less than X% (where X = average of last non-zero digits of registration numbers
of group members).
6) What should be the peak time interval for billing and why?

Explicitly Mention and Justify your assumptions where deemed necessary.

Policy on Professional Ethics & Plagiarism

You are free to consult any book and online resources during the design and analysis phase, but you
cannot copy from them. Your design and implementation must be your original effort and the same
applies to simulations. Remember that if anyone is found to copy from the Internet or other group
members, the group shall face a severe penalty. You are not allowed to copy any material directly from
the web or elsewhere. Note that if you are found to violate this policy or it becomes obvious that the
work you have submitted is not your own or has been taken from some other source you shall be facing
severe consequences.

The Formula that will be generously applied in all cases is:

Final Score = Raw Score – 2*CF*Total

Where CF is the Copying Factor. This means that even if you are found to copy only in 50% of the activity
deliverables, and you end up scoring 100% raw score, but your final score will be 0. Please follow the
principle that “Honesty is the Best Policy”.

Deliverables
 The solution to this CEP in the form of a report should be submitted online (through the
link provided in GCR) by each group of 3 students.
 Viva-voce will be conducted against each submission.
 Due Time & Date: 11:59 PM, 28th June 2020