COURSE CODE GE 3

COURSE TITLE THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

COURSE CREDIT 3 UNITS
MODULE NO 1
TOPIC WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
LEARNING OUTCOMES AT THE END OF THE DISCUSSIONS, THE STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED
TO:
1. agree on working definition of globalization
2. differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization
3. narrate personal experience of globalization
TIME ALLOTMENT 1 WEEK
INSTRUCTOR ZERHAN S. LAARIN
Contact number 09753072789
Gmail account and FB account zerhanlaarinsiddik@gmail.com
ZERHAN SIDDIK LAARIN

MOTIVATION
Read the story of Gio ,Latif and the Laksa .After reading make your analysis on how globalization works in
the story.
Note : You can also watch the story in this link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AS65cI0pJA&t=30s
1. How did globalization reunite Gio and Latif ?
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What is Globalization?
Origin
The historical origins of globalization are the subject of ongoing debate. Though many scholars situate the
origins of globalization in the modern era, others regard it as a phenomenon with a long history. Some
authors have argued that stretching the beginning of globalization far back in time renders the concept
wholly inoperative and useless for political analysis.

GLOBALIZATION: A WORKING DEFINITION

The best scholarly description of globalization is provided by Manfred Steger who described the process as
“the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world
space”. Expansion refers to the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing
connection that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural and geographic boundaries. These
various connections occur at different levels. Social media, for example, establish new global connections
between people, while international groups of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are networks that
connect a more specific group –social workers and activists –from different corners of globe.

MANFRED STEGER
Manfred B. Steger (born 1961) is Professor at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He
was also Professor of Global Studies and Director of the Globalism Research Centre
at RMIT University in Australia until 2013.

Intensification refers to the expansion, stretching, and acceleration of these networks. Not only are global
connection multiplying, but they are also becoming more closely-knit and expanding their reach. For
example, there has always been a strong financial market connecting London and New York. With the
advent of electronic trading, however, the volume of trade increases exponentially, can traders can now
trade at more high speed.
The final attribute of this definition relates to the way people perceive time and space. Steger notes that
“globalization processes do not occur merely at an objective, material level but they also involve the
subjective plane of human consciousness. In other words, people begin to feel that the world has become
smaller place and distance has collapsed from thousands of miles to just a mouse-click away.
Steger posits that his definition of globalization must be diffentiated with an ideology of globalism. If
globalization represents the many processes that allow for the expansion and intensification of global
connections, globalism is a widespread belief among powerful people that the global integration of
economic markets is beneficial for everyone, since its spread freedom and democracy across the world.

Globalization VS. Globalism

Globalization qualities Globalism qualities Similarities

Economic Political and Cultural Creation of Global market
Voluntary Forced Possible due to development in
transportation and communication

Reduction to barriers
preventing international trade
Boosts economy
Loss of national sovereignty
,worst form: one world
government
Destroy cultures
Short terms cons of job instability
Long term pros of economic
development
 Cultures getting along from a
distance
Opposed by ignorant
Republicans who think it
means globalism
Multiculturalism
Supported by ignorant
libertarians who think it means
globalization

CONCLUSION: GLOBALIZATION FROM THE GROUND UP

All this talk of large, intersecting processes may be confusing. Indeed it may be hard to assess
globalization or comment on it because it is so diffuse and almost fleeting. Some scholars have, therefore,
found it simpler to avoid talking globalization as whole. Instead they want to discuss “Multiple
globalizations” instead of one just process.

Arjun Appadurai
(born 1949) is an Indian-American anthropologist recognized as a major theorist in globalization
studies. In his anthropological work, he discusses the importance of the modernity of nation states
and globalization.

For Anthropologist Arjun Appadurai, different kinds of globalization occur on multiple

and intersecting dimensions of integration that he calls “scapes”

DIFFERENT KINDS OF GLOBALIZATION

1. Ethnoscapes refers to people, specifically those who move from one place to another. Examples of
such individuals include tourists, exiles, refugees, immigrants, students studying abroad, temporary
workers abroad, and so on.
As people move around for any reason, so do ideas and information. This can have any number of
consequence, including the development of a melting pot of cultures. This can be, for instance,
seen in fusion foods. Or, on the flipside, something like refugees can bring about fear and
contempt, leading to internal political changes that results in populist and nationalist movements.
2. Mediascapes, in short, refers to the possible means by which information and ideas can be spread
and the information they spread. In other words, it's the images, ideas, stories, and so forth that
newspapers, YouTube, cable, and Netflix spread around.
The concept of mediascapes involves a lot more however. Consider the forces behind the
mediascapes controlling the narratives. Or what about the access an individual has to one
mediascape versus another? All of these can significantly affect not only the spread of information
but also the type of ideas that are being spread to whom, by whom, why, and when.

3. Technoscapes is the concept of various types of hard and virtual forms of technology moving about
throughout the world. Furthermore, it is the impact this technology has and the connections it has
to bigger stories, like who controls this technology, to what end, and how it affects the people who
rely on these technologies.
As an example of this, think of the internet and its technological backbone of wires built by
corporations and governments which, in turn, allows citizens or other entities to potentially make a
living or have a sway over a segment of a population via the videos they post on YouTube.
4. Financescapes refer to the global movement of money, including currency, trade and commodity.
Countries nowadays are allowed to freely exchange good. However, it leads to the intensification of
competition amongst corporations
5. Ideoscapes is one of the more difficult concepts to describe and understand with respect to global
cultural flow. In very short order, we can define ideoscapes as combinations of audio, text, images,
and the resultant ideas expressed therein.
 Moreover, this term is most often used with respect to the politically-based ideologies, and key
terms thereof, used by governments or counter-government groups and movements seeking to
claim power.
Common examples of ideoscapes include the terms of, as well as notions and images behind,
democracy, welfare, human rights, and so forth.

GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. How have you experienced globalization?
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2. Why it is crucial to emphasize that globalization is uneven?

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3. What is the difference between globalization and globalism?

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LEARNING ACTIVITY:
HOW GLOBALIZED IS YOUR HOME?
Instructions: Go to your room and do an inventory of everything you have in your possession. You
will find out the most essential among the things in your room are footwear, clothes, computers (if
any), cell phones, television (if possible), and maybe a radio.
Organize your inventory into two types: first, “things” that are made in the Philippines and second,
those that are of foreign brands. List the countries of origin of your foreign-brand items.
Do the same thing for the kitchen and the living room. These should include appliances.
Record a video (2-3 minutes)of yourself while discussing which countries make the most
household and personal needs you and your families have. In the process. Discuss why certain
products are made in the Philippines while others are produced abroad.

REFERENCES:
Claudio,L.and Abinales,P.(2018) The Contemporary World
https://ray2401.wordpress.com/2017/08/09/the-5-scapes-of-global-cultural-flow/
https://prezi.com/p/huhcv68u--x9/012513/