Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

SELF-LEARNING KIT IN

MATHEMATICS

LESSON TITLE:

NATURE OF ROOTS &

SUM AND PRODUCTS OF ROOTS
OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Developed by
Writer: Sherly L. Lacasandile
Reviewers: Romelinda S. De Guzman, MT I
Alicia R. Halabaso, MT I
Leonida T. Ubarre, MT I
Alegria F. Molina, PSDS
Nestor G. Villalfor, EPS - Mathematics
Illustrator: Sherly L. Lacasandile
Administrators: Jorge M. Reinante, SDS
Nestor C. Heraña, ASDS
Maria Salome R. Abero, CID Chief
Nestor G. Villaflor, EPS - Math

C
 QUARTER # 1
SELF- LEARNING KIT # 2

FOREWORD
This Self Learning Kit (SLK) is designed as one of the main tools in learning
Mathematics 9 and is based on the Most Essential Learning Competencies ( MELC )
in Mathematics. This is an initiative of the Schools Division of Ilocos Sur to achieve the
goals of the Department of Education for Learning Continuity in Basic Education
Curriculum amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
It is expected that each learner will study carefully and diligently each of the
lessons included in each SLK. However, any supplementary tools or other forms of
learning modalities like video lessons, TV- assisted instructions, online learning or
online coaching by teachers can also be undertaken to ensure quality education on
blended learning approaches.
Each of the given activities and assessments are to be answered by the learner
himself and answers should be written in separate answer sheets to be submitted to
the teachers concerned within a specified period of time.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. Characterize the roots of a quadratic equation using the
discriminant. (M9AL-Ic-1)
2. Describe the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a
quadratic equation. (M9AL-Ic-2)
1.

2
Lesson 1
Nature of Roots of Quadratic Equations

PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON

Can every quadratic equation be solved? Does a quadratic equations

always have more than one solution? Are there any equations that don’t have
any real solution? The value of the variable for which the equation gets satisfied
is called the solution or the root of the equation. The nature of roots of a quadratic
equation is very interesting. Let us find out how!

To determine the nature of roots of quadratic equations, you should apply the different
mathematical concepts previously studied and your skills in performing basic operations.
These knowledge and skills will help you understand the nature of roots of quadratic
equations.
−𝑏± √𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
In the quadratic formula x = , the expression 𝑏 2 – 4ac inside the radical is
2𝑎
called the discriminant.
You can use the discriminant to determine the nature of the roots of quadratic equations.
Positive
Discriminant Negative Zero Perfect Square Not a perfect
square
Nature of the Real, rational Real, rational Real, irrational
Roots Imaginary and equal and unequal and unequal

Illustrative Examples

1. Describe the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equations using the
discriminant. Note: D means discriminant.
a. 4x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 c. 3x2 + 10x -8 = 0
a = 4 b = -4 c = 1 a = 3 b = 10 c = -8
D = b2 – 4ac D = b2 – 4ac
= (-4)2 – 4( 4)(1) = (10)2 – 4(3)(-8)
= 16 -16 = 100 + 96
= 0 = 196
D is zero. The roots are real, D is positive and a perfect square.
rational and equal. The roots are real, rational and unequal.
b. 2x2 – 3x + 5 d. x2 -5x + 1 = 0
a = 2 b = -3 c = 5 a = 1 b = -5 c=1
D = b2 - 4ac D = b2 – 4ac
= (-3)2 – 4(2)(5) = (-5)2 – 4(1)(1)
= 9 – 40 = 25 – 4
D = -31 D = 21
D is negative. The roots are imaginary. D is positive and not perfect square.
The roots are real, irrational and unequal

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2. Find the value/s of k so that x 2 + 3kx + 4 = 0 has equal roots.
Solution: The roots are equal if the discriminant is equal to zero. Hence, equating
D = 0 we get,
Let a = 1 b = 3k c=4

(3k)2 – 4(1)(4) =0
9k2 – 16 = 0
9k2 = 16
16
k2 = , Take the square root
9
4
k= +
3

3. Determine the integral value/s of k so that (2k – 1)x2 – 8x + 1 = 0 has imaginary

roots.

b2 - 4ac < 0; let a= 2k – 1 ; b= – 8 ; c=1

(-8) – 4(2k-1)(1) < 0
2

64 – 8k + 4 < 0
-8k < -68
k > 8.5 Since k > 8.5, the possible integral values are 9, 10, 11 and so on.

Were you able to understand finding the nature of the roots of

the quadratic equations? You will be given tasks which will
demonstrate your understanding of the nature of the roots of the
quadratic equations.

Activity 1

I. Describe the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation having the given value of
the discriminant.
No. Discriminant Nature of Roots
1. 36
2. 124
3. -625
4. 0
5. -24
6. 15
7. 10
8. 225
9. -4
10. 1

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 II. Find the value of the discriminant and determine the nature of the roots of each
equation.
No. Equation Discriminant Nature of Roots
1. x2 + 6x + 9 = 0
2. x2 + 9x + 20 = 0
3. 2x2 – 10x + 8 = 0
4. x2 + 5x + 10 = 0
5. x2 + 6x + 3 = 0
6. 2x2 + 6x + 4 = 0
7. 3x2 – 5x = -4
8. 9x2 + 6x = -9
9. x2 – 10x = -25
10. 3x2 – 2x - 5 = 0

III. Determine the value of k with the specified condition.

1. x2 + 4x + k = 0
2. kx2 – 5x – 2 =0
2
3. kx + 4x + 6 = 0
4. x2 + 5x – k = 0
5. kx2 + 3kx + 2k + 1 = 0
the roots are equal
the roots are equal
the roots are imaginary
real double roots
two equal real roots

If the discriminant is negative, the nature of its roots are imaginary. If D is zero, the
nature of its roots are real, rational and equal, and if D is positive determine whether it is perfect
square or not a perfect square. If the discriminant is perfect square then its roots are real,
rational and unequal but if it is not a perfect square, then its roots are real, irrational and
unequal.

Lesson 2
Sum and Products of Roots of Quadratic Equations

PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON

Start this topic by assessing your knowledge of the different mathematics

concepts and principles previously studied and your skills in performing
mathematical operations. These knowledge and skills will help you
understand the sum and product of the roots of quadratic equations.

A. Perform the indicated operation:

1. 7 + 15 =
2. -9 + 14 =
3. 8( 9) =
4. (-6 )(-9) =
3
5. 10(- ) =
5
Were you able to perform each indicated operation correctly?

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B. Find the roots of each of the following quadratic equations using any method.
1. x2 + 3x + 2 = 0
2. r2 + 2r -8 = 0
3. s2 -5s + 6 = 0
4. 15h2 – 7h – 2 = 0
5. 2w2 – 3w – 20 = 0
Were you able to find the roots of each quadratic equation?

The sum and the product of the roots of the quadratic equation
2
ax + bx + c = 0 can be determined using the coefficients a, b, and c.
Note: Roots are denoted by r1 and r2
𝑏 𝑐
r1 + r2 = - (r1)(r2) =
𝑎 𝑎
To find a quadratic equation whose roots have the given sum and product,
use the form:
x2 – (r1 + r2)x + ( r1)(r2) = 0 , where r1 and r2 are roots of
quadratic equation.

Illustrative Examples

1. Find the sum and the product of the roots of 2x2 + 6x – 7.

The values of a, b, and c in the equation are 2, 6, and -7, respectively.
To get the sum and product of the roots you just substitute the corresponding value
of a, b and c in the given formula. You have
𝑏 𝑐
Sum of the roots = - Product of the roots =
𝑐 𝑎
6 7
=- =-
2 2
=-3
2. Find a quadratic equation whose sum and product of roots are 12 and 20,
respectively.
Remember that the sum of roots is r1 + r2 and the product of roots is (r1)(r2) ,
therefore you have r1 + r2 = 12 and (r1) (r2)= 20
Substituting in the given formula, we have
x2 – (r1 + r2)x + (r1)(r2) = 0 → x2 – 12x + 20 = 0
3. Find a quadratic equation with roots 5 and -6.
Solution: Sum of roots: (5) + (-6) = -1
Product of roots: (5)(-6) = -30
Equation: x2 – (-1)(x) + (-30) = 0 → x2 + x – 30 = 0

1 2
4. Find a quadratic equation with integral coefficients whose roots are - and - .
2 3
1 2 7
Solution: Get the sum of the roots: (- ) + (- ) = - (r1)
2 3 6
1 2 1
Get the product of the roots: (- )(- ) = (r2)
2 3 3
7 1
Substituting in the formula: x – (- )(x)
2
+ =0
6 3
To get the LCD, get the LCM of 3 and 6, the LCM is 6, therefore the LCD is 6
7 1
Multiply both sides of the equation by 6 → [x2 + x + = 0]6
6 3
→ 6x2 + 7x + 2 = 0

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 5. Find a quadratic equation whose roots are 2 - √5 and 2 + √5
Solution: Get the sum of the roots: (2 - √5) + (2 + √5) = 4 (r1)
Get the product of the roots: (2 - √5)(2 + √5) = 4 – 5 = -1 (r2)
Substituting in the formula, you have : x2 - 4x - 1 = 0

Was it easy for you to determine the sum and product of roots
of quadratic equations? Were you able to find the importance of the
sum and product of roots in finding the quadratic equations? I know
you did! Perform the next activity.

Activity 2

I. Find the sum and the product of the roots of each equation.

No. Equation Sum of the Roots Product of the Roots

1 x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
2 x2 – 14x + 20 = 0
3 x2 + 10 = 3x
4 2r2 - 12r + 10 = 0
5 2x2 - 3x - 20 = 0

II. Find a quadratic equation with integral coefficients whose sum and product of the roots
are given:

No. Sum Product Equation

1 -4 -5
2 3 -10
3 0 7
4 23 15
−
4 4
5 3 2
−
5 3

III. Give the quadratic equation whose roots are given.

No. Roots Equation

1 3 and -4
2 -2 and -5
3 1
− and 4
2
4 ±2
5 ±3 √5

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 A) To find the sum and product of the roots of the quadratic equation you
can use the formula:
𝑏 𝑐
r1 + r2 = - and ( r1)(r2) =
𝑎 𝑎
B) To find a quadratic equation whose roots have the given sum and
product, use the form:
x2 – (r1 + r2)x + (r1)(r2) = 0

Activity 3

Direction:
I. Find the value of the discriminant and determine the nature of the roots of each quadratic
equation. Number 1 is done for you.

Across Down

1. 4a2 - 5a - 7 = 0 1. 2b2 + 3b - 3 = 0
Solution: a = 4; b= -5; c = -7 Solution: a = 2; b = 3; c = -3
D = (-5)2 – 4(4)(-7) D = (3)2 - 4(2)(-3)
D = 137→real, irrational & unequal D = 33→real, irrational & unequal
2. c2 + 6c + 5 = 0 2. 3c2 – 6c + 2 = 0
3. e2 - 6e + 1 = 0 3. 5d2 – 2d + 7 =0
4. 3f2 + 6f – 5 = 0 4. e2 + 7e + 3 = 0
5. g2 – 3g – 10 = 0 5. 2g2 - 4g - 3 = 0
6. 3j2 – 5j - 3 = 0 6. h2 + 8h + 12 = 0
7. k2 – 3k – 4 = 0 7. 6i2 + 13i = -6
8. L2 + 4L +12 = 0

II. Fill up your answer on the cross number puzzle by following the given letter or variable of
each part of the equations. Number 1 (across and down) is done for you.

a b c d
1 3 7
e
3
f

g h

i j

k L

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 Activity 4

Directions: Find the sum and product of each of the quadratic equations then shade the
boxes that contain the answers. The remaining boxes will spell out your condition today.
Please copy or reproduce the activity below and show your complete solutions at the back
page of your paper.
1. x2 - 6x + 8 = 0 7. 3x2 + 6x + 3 = 0
2. b2 + 2b – 3 = 0 8. 2x2 + 4x = 48
3. x2 – 10x + 22 = -2 9. 2x2 +2x – 12= 0
4. a2 + 3a – 12 = 6 10. 5x2 + 9x + 4 = 0
5. n2 + 8n = -15 11. 2x2 – 36 = x
6. 6n2 – 18n – 18 = 6 12. x2− 4 x + 4 = 0

F B D I G

-6, 3 -3, -18 -1, -6 2, 2 10, 24

C N E J L

-2, -24 0, 3 1, -5 4, 4 -8, 15

T M P H A

3, 0 9 4 6, 8 5, -4 -1, -1
- ,
5 5
Q N R K Y

-2, 1 2, 7 1 1, 8 2, 0
, -18
2

O S W U

6, 1 -2,-3 3, -4 5, 9

___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Multiple Choice: Read each item carefully, solve if needed, then write the LETTER
that corresponds to the correct answer in your answer sheet.

____1. What is the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation if the value of its
discriminant is zero?
A. The roots are not real.
B. The roots are rational and equal.
C. The roots are rational and not equal.
D. The roots are irrational and not equal.
____2. What is the sum of the roots of the roots of x 2 + 5x – 14 = 0
A. – 5 B. – 4 C. – 3 D. – 2

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____3. What is the sum of the roots of 2x2 – 3x – 5 = 0?
5 3 3 5
A. 2 B. 2 C. − 2 D. − 2
____4. What is the value of the discriminant of x2 + 2x + 5 = 0
A. – 20 B. – 16 C. 2 D. 5
____5. Which quadratic equation has sum and product of roots equals 7 and 10
respectively?
A. x2 – 2x + 5 = 0 C. x2 – 7x + 10 = 0
2
B. x + 2x + 5 = 0 D. x2 + 7x + 10 = 0
____6. Which quadratic equation has the roots 3 and – 2 ?
A. x2 + x – 2 = 0 C. x2 + x – 6 = 0
B. x – 3x + 2= 0
2 D. x 2 – x – 6 = 0
____7. What is the product of the roots of – y2 – 6y = 5?
A. – 5 B. – 1 C. 1 D. 5
____8. Which best describe the nature of roots of a quadratic equation if the
value of its discriminant is 225?
A. imaginary C. real, rational and unequal
B. real, rational and equal D. real, irrational and unequal
____9. Which best describe the nature of roots of x2 + 5x – 2 = 0?
A. imaginary C. real, rational and unequal
B. real, rational and equal D. real, irrational and unequal
____10. How many real roots does x2 + 5x + 7= 0 have?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
____11. What is the other root of 2x – 13x + 20 = 0 if one of the roots is 4?
2
5 2 2 5
A. 2 B. 5 C. − 5 D. − 2
____12. Which quadratic equation has the roots 5 – √2 and 5 + √2?
A. x2 + 10x + 23 = 0 C. x 2 - 10x – 23 = 0
B. x2 + 10x - 23 = 0 D. x2 – 10x + 23 = 0
____13. What is the value of k in kx – 5x – 2 = 0 so that the roots are equal?
2
25 8 8 25
A. 8 B. 25 C. − 25 D. − 8
____14. What is the value of k so that x2 – kx + 5 = 0 has imaginary roots?
A. k < √5 B. k < 2 C. k < 2√5 D. k < 4√5
____15. What must be the value of k such that one of the roots of the equation
x2 – 6x + k = 0 is 4?
A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. – 10

Bryant, Merden L, Bulalayao, Leonides E., Callanta, Melvin M., Cruz, Jerry D., De
Vera, Richard F., Garcia, Hilda T., Javier, Sonia E., Lazaro, Roselle A. Mesterio, Bernadeth
J., Saladino, Rommel Hero A., 2014, Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material, First Edition,
Philippines, Vibal Group, Inc. pp. 56-63 & 66-75

Natividad Jr., Eldefonso B., Pastor, Mark Joseph D., Andres, Sherwin R., 2017, Math Made
Easy for Grade 9, Copyright 2017, Philippines, Salinlahi Publishing House Inc. pp. 12-17

Jose-Dilao, Soleded, Ed.D, Bernabe, Julieta G., 2009, Intermediate Algebra, Textbook for
Second Year,Revised Edition, Philippines, SD Publication, Inc. pp. 52-57

10
Activity 1:

I. No Nature of Roots II. No D Nature of Roots III.

1 real, rational and unequal 1 0 real, rational and equal 1. k= 4
25
2 real, irrational and unequal 2 1 real, rational and unequal 2. k= −
8
imaginary and unequal real, rational and unequal 16
3 3 36 3. k >
24
4 real, rational and equal 4 -15 imaginary and unequal 2
or
5 imaginary and unequal 5 24 real, irrational and unequal 3

6 real, irrational and unequal 6 4 real, rational and unequal

−25
7 real, irrational and unequal 7 -23 imaginary and unequal 4. k=
4
8 real, rational and unequal 8 -288 imaginary and unequal 5. k= 4
9 imaginary and unequal 9 0 real, rational and equal
10 real, rational and unequal 10 64 real, rational and unequal

Activity 2:
I. II. III.
No Sum of Product No Equation No Equation
Roots of Roots
1 -7 12 1 x2 + 4x -5 = 0 1 x2 + x -12 = 0
2 14 20 2 x2 – 3x -10 = 0 2 x2 + 7x + 10 = 0
3 3 10 3 x2 -7 = 0 3 2x2 – 7x – 4 = 0
4 6 5 4 4x2 +23x +15= 0 4 x2 – 4 = 0
5 3 10 5 15x2+9x+10 =0 5 x2 – 45 = 0
2

Activity 3:

a b c d
1 3 7 1 6 -1
e
3 3 2 3
f
7 9 6
g H
4 9 1
i j
0 2 6 1
k L
2 5 -3 2

Activity 4: Answer: FINE THANK YOU.

Assessment:
1. B 6. D 11. A
2. A 7. D 12. D
3. B 8. C 13. D
4. B 9. D 14. C
5. C 10. A 15. B

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