Bjarke Ingels

Bjarke Bundgaard Ingels (Danish pronunciation: [ˈpjɑːkə ˈpɔnkɒ

ˈe̝ ŋˀl̩s]; born 2 October 1974) is a Danish architect, founder and
Bjarke Ingels
creative partner of Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG).

In Denmark, Ingels became well known after designing two housing

complexes in Ørestad: VM Houses and Mountain Dwellings. In 2006
he founded Bjarke Ingels Group, which grew to a staff of 400 by
2015, with noted projects including the 8 House housing complex,
VIA 57 West in Manhattan, the Google North Bayshore headquarters
(co-designed with Thomas Heatherwick), the Superkilen park, and
the Amager Resource Center (ARC) waste-to-energy plant – the latter
which incorporates both a ski slope and climbing wall on the building
exterior.

Since 2009, Ingels has won numerous architectural competitions. He

moved to New York City in 2012, where in addition to the VIA 57
West, BIG won a design contest after Hurricane Sandy for improving
Manhattan's flood resistance, and are now designing the new Two 2015 in Frankfurt am Main
World Trade Center building. Ingels and his company are the subject Born 2 October 1974
of the 2017 documentary BIG Time. Copenhagen,
Denmark
In 2011, The Wall Street Journal named Ingels Innovator of the Year
for architecture.[1] and in 2016 Time Magazine named him one of the Alma mater Royal Danish
100 Most Influential People.[2] Academy of Fine
Arts, School of
Architecture

Contents Occupation Architect

Early life and background Practice Bjarke Ingels Group

Career
1998–2005
2006–2008
2009–present: international scope
Other projects
Film
Design philosophy
Personal life
Notable projects
Exhibitions
Awards
Bibliography
References
External links

Early life and background

Born in Copenhagen in 1974, Ingels' father is an engineer and his mother is a dentist.[3] Hoping to become a
cartoonist, he began studying architecture in 1993 at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, thinking it
would help him improve his drawing skills. After several years, he began an earnest interest in architecture.[4]
He continued his studies at the Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura in Barcelona, and returned to
Copenhagen to receive his diploma in 1999.[5] As a third-year student in Barcelona, he set up his first practice
and won his first competition.[6]

Alongside his architectural practice, Ingels has been a visiting professor at the Rice University School of
Architecture, the Harvard Graduate School of Design,[7] the Columbia University Graduate School of
Architecture, Planning and Preservation,[8] and most recently, the Yale School of Architecture.[9]

Career

1998–2005

From 1998 to 2001, Ingels worked for Rem Koolhaas at the

Office for Metropolitan Architecture in Rotterdam.[10] In 2001,
he returned to Copenhagen to set up the architectural practice
PLOT together with Belgian OMA colleague Julien de Smedt.
The company received national and international attention for
their inventive designs.[11] They were awarded a Golden Lion at
the Venice Biennale of Architecture in 2004 for a proposal for a
new music house for Stavanger, Norway.[12]

PLOT completed a 2,500 m2 (27,000 sq ft) series of five open-

air swimming pools, Islands Brygge Harbour Bath, on the
Copenhagen Harbour front with special facilities for children in
2003.[13] They also completed Maritime Youth House, a sailing
club and a youth house at Sundby Harbour, Copenhagen.[14]

The first major achievement for PLOT was the award-winning VM Houses in Ørestad, Denmark
VM Houses in Ørestad, Copenhagen, in 2005. Inspired by Le
Corbusier's Unité d'Habitation concept, they designed two
residential blocks, in the shape of the letters V and M (as seen from the sky); the M House with 95 units, was
completed in 2004, and the V House, with 114 units, in 2005.[15] The design places strong emphasis on
daylight, privacy and views.[16] Rather than looking over the neighboring building, all of the apartments have
diagonal views of the surrounding fields. Corridors are short and bright, rather like open bullet holes through
the building. There are some 80 different types of apartment in the complex, adaptable to individual needs.[17]
The building garnered Ingels and Smedt the Forum AID Award for the best building in Scandinavia in
2006.[18] Ingels lived in the complex until 2008 when he moved into the adjacent Mountain Dwellings.[16]

In 2005, Ingels also completed the Helsingør Psychiatric Hospital in Helsingør, a hospital which is shaped like
a snowflake.[19][19] Each room of the hospital was specially designed to have a view, with two groups of
rooms facing the lake, and one group facing the surrounding hills.[19]
2006–2008

After PLOT was disbanded at the end of 2005, in January 2006

Ingels made Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) its own company.[3] It grew
to 400 employees by 2016.[11]

BIG began working on the 25-metre-high (82 ft) Mountain Dwellings

on the VM houses site in the Ørestad district of Copenhagen,
combining 10,000 m2 (110,000 sq ft) of housing with 20,000 m2
(220,000 sq ft) of parking and parking space, with a mountain theme
throughout the building.[20] The apartments scale the diagonally
sloping roof of the parking garage, from street level to 11th floor,
creating an artificial, south facing 'mountainside' where each
Mountain Dwellings
apartment has a terrace measuring around 93 m2 (1,000 sq ft).[16] The
parking garage contains spots for 480 cars.[21] The space has up to
16-metre-high (52 ft) ceilings, and the underside of each level of
apartments is covered in aluminium painted in a distinctive colour scheme of psychedelic hues which, as a
tribute to Danish 1960s and '70s furniture designer Verner Panton, are all exact matches of the colours he used
in his designs.[22] The colours move, symbolically, from green for the earth over yellow, orange, dark orange,
hot pink, purple to bright blue for the sky.[22] The northern and western facades of the parking garage depict a
3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft) photorealistic mural of Himalayan peaks.[21] The parking garage is protected from
wind and rain by huge shiny aluminium plates, perforated to let in light and allow for natural ventilation. By
controlling the size of the holes, the sheeting was transformed into the giant rasterized image of Mount
Everest.[20] Completed in October 2008, it received the World Architecture Festival Housing Award (2008),
Forum AID Award (2009) and the MIPIM Residential Development Award at Cannes (2009).[12] Dwell
magazine has stated that the Mountain Dwellings "stand as a beacon for architectural possibility and stylish
multifamily living in a dense, design-savvy city."[16]

Their third housing project, 8 House, commissioned by Store

Frederikslund Holding, Høpfner A/S and Danish Oil Company A/S
in 2006 and completed in October 2010, was the largest private
development ever undertaken in Denmark and in Scandinavia,
combining retail with commercial row houses and apartments.[23][24]
It is also Ingels' third housing development in Ørestad, following VM
Houses and Mountain Dwellings.[25] The sloping, bow-shaped 10-
storey building consists of 61,000 m2 (660,000 sq ft) of three different
types of residential housing and 10,000 m2 (110,000 sq ft) of retail
premises and offices, providing views over the fields and marches of 8 House
Kalvebod Faelled to the south. The 476-unit apartment building forms
a figure 8 around two courtyards.[3] Noted for its green roof which
won it the 2010 Scandinavian Green Roof Award, Ingels explained, "The parts of the green roof that remain
were seen by the client as integral to the building as they are visible from the ground. These not only provide
the environmental benefits that we all know come from green roofs, but also add to the visual drama and
appeal of the sloping roofs and rooftop terrace in between."[26] The building also won the Best Residential
Building at the 2011 World Architecture Festival,[27] and the Huffington Post included 8 House as one of the
"10 Best Architecture Moments of 2001–2010."[28]

In 2007, Ingels exhibited at the Storefront for Art and Architecture in New York City and was commissioned
to design the Danish Maritime Museum in Helsingør. The current museum is located on the UNESCO World
Heritage Site of nearby Kronborg Castle.[29] The concept of the building is 'invisible' space, a subterranean
museum which is still able to incorporate dramatic use of daylight.[30] In launching the $40 million project,
 BIG had to reinforce an abandoned concrete dry dock on the site, 150
metres (490 ft) long, 25 metres (82 ft) wide and 9 metres (30 ft) deep,
building the museum on the periphery of the reinforced dry dock
walls which will form the facade of the new museum.[30] [31] The dry
dock will also host exhibitions and cultural events throughout the
year.[30] The museum's interior is designed to simulate the ambiance
of a ship's deck, with a slightly downward slope. The 7,600 m2
(82,000 sq ft) exhibition gallery is to house an extensive collection of
paintings, model ships, and historical equipment and memorabilia
from the Danish Navy.[30] Ingels is collaborating with consulting
engineer Rambøll, Alectia for project management, and E. Pihl & Søn
and Kossmann.dejong for construction and interior design.[29] Some
Construction work at the Danish 11 different foundations are funding the project. Construction began
Maritime Museum on the museum in September 2010 and it is scheduled for completion
by the summer of 2013.[30] In September 2012, the Kronborg and
Zig-Zag Bridge components to the building were shipped in from
China.[30]

2009–present: international scope

Ingels designed a pavilion in the shape of a loop for the Danish World
Expo 2010 pavilion in Shanghai. The open-air 3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft)
steel pavilion has a spiral bicycle path, accommodating up to 300 cyclists
who experience Danish culture and ideas for sustainable urban
development.[32] In the centre, amid a pool of 1 million litres (264,172
gallons) of water, is the Copenhagen statue of The Little Mermaid,
paying homage to Danish author Hans Christian Andersen.[32] Exterior of Denmark's Pavilion at
the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai
In 2009, Ingels designed the new National Library of Kazakhstan in
Astana located to the south of the State Auditorium, said to resemble a
"giant metallic doughnut".[33] BIG and MAD designed the Tilting Building in the Huaxi district of Guiyang,
China, an innovative leaning tower with six facades.[16] Other projects included the city hall in Tallinn,
Estonia, and the Faroe Islands Education Centre in Torshavn, Faroe Islands.[11] Accommodating some 1,200
students and 300 teachers, the facility has a central open rotunda for meetings between staff and pupils.[34]

In 2010, Fast Company magazine included Ingels in its list of the 100 most creative people in business,
mentioning his design of the Danish pavilion.[35] BIG projects became increasingly international, including
hotels in Norway, a museum overlooking Mexico City, and converting an oil industry wasteland into a zero-
emission resort on Zira Island off the coast of Baku, Azerbaijan.[36] The 1,000,000 m2 (11,000,000 sq ft)
resort started construction in 2010, and represented the seven mountains of Azerbaijan. It was cited as "one of
the world's largest eco-developments."[37] The "mountains" were covered with solar panels and provide for
residential and commercial space. According to BIG, "The mountains are conceived not only as metaphors,
but engineered as entire ecosystems, a model for future sustainable urban development".[37]

In 2011, BIG won a competition to design the roof of the Amagerforbrænding industrial building, with
31,000 m2 (330,000 sq ft) of ski slopes of varying skill levels.[38] The roof is put forward as another example
of "hedonistic sustainability": designed from recycled synthetics, aiming to increase energy efficiency by up to
20 percent.[39] In October 2011, The Wall Street Journal named Ingels the Innovator of the Year for
architecture,[40] later saying he was "becoming one of the design world's rising stars" in light of his
portfolio.[41]
In 2012, Ingels moved to New York to supervise work on a pyramid-like apartment building on West 57th
Street,[3] a collaboration with real estate developer Durst Fetner Residential.[42] BIG opened a permanent New
York office, and became committed to further work in New York. By mid-2012 that office had a staff of 50,
which they used to launch other projects in North America.[41][43][44][45][46] In 2014 Ingels's design for an
integrated flood protection system, the DryLine, was a winner of the Rebuild By Design competition created
by the Department of Housing and Urban Development in the wake of Hurricane Sandy.[47] The DryLine
will stretch Manhattan's shoreline on the Lower East Side, with a landscaped flood barrier in East River Park,
enhanced pedestrian bridges over the FDR drive, and permanent and deployable floodwalls north of East 14th
Street.[48]

BIG designed the Lego House that began construction in 2014 in Billund, Denmark. Ingels said of it, "We felt
that if BIG had been created with the single purpose of building only one building, it would be to design the
house for Lego."[49] Designed as a village of interlocking and overlapping buildings and spaces, the house is
conceived with identical proportions to the toy bricks, and can be constructed one-for-one in miniature. They
also designed the Danish Maritime Museum in Elsinore, Denmark, and a master plan for the new Smithsonian
Institution south campus in Washington, D.C. This is part of a 20-year project that will begin in 2016.[50][51]

Ingels also designed two extensions for his former High School in Hellerup, Denmark — a handball court, and
a larger arts and sports extension. The handball court, in homage to the architect's former math teacher, sports a
roof with curvature that traces the trajectory of a thrown handball.[52]

In 2015, Ingels began working on a new headquarters for Google in Mountain View, California with Thomas
Heatherwick, the British designer. Bloomberg Businessweek hailed the design as "The most ambitious project
unveiled by Google this year ..." in a feature article on the design and its architects.[53] Later that year, BIG
was chosen to take up the design of Two World Trade Center, one of the towers replacing the Twin Towers.
The work had initially been entrusted to the British firm Foster and Partners, but was revoked and given back
to Foster in 2019. [54][55][56]

Ingels was considered for the Hudsons Yard project.[57] In late 2016, the project became official.[58]

Other projects
In 2009, Ingels became a co-founder of the KiBiSi design group,
together with Jens Martin Skibsted and Lars Larsen. With its focus on
urban mobility, architectural illumination and personal electronics, the
company designs bicycles, furniture, household objects and aircraft,
becoming one of Scandinavia's most influential design groups.[59]
KiBiSi designed the furniture for Ingels' Danish Pavilion at EXPO
2010.[60]

Ingels's first book, Yes Is More: An Archicomic on Architectural

Evolution,[61] catalogued 30 projects from his practice. Designed in
the form of a comic book, which he believed was the best way to tell
stories about architecture, he later said that the medium contributed to
the perception that some of his projects are cartoonish.[4][62] A sequel,
Hot to Cold: An Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation, explored 60
case studies through a climatic lens, to examine where and how
people live on the planet, working from the warmest regions to the
Model for West 57, New York
coldest. The book was designed by Grammy Award-winning
designer Stefan Sagmeister, and accompanied by an exhibition of the
same name at the National Building Museum in Washington D.C. The book featured well known projects
such as VIA (West 57th), Amager Bakke, 8 House, Gammel Hellerup High School, Superkilen, The Lego
House and the Danish Maritime Museum, amongst others.[63]

In 2009, Ingels spoke at a TED event in Oxford, UK.[64] He presented the case study "Hedonistic
sustainability" in a workshop on managing complexity at the 3rd International Holcim Forum 2010 in Mexico
City, and was a member of the Holcim Awards regional jury for Europe in 2011.[65]

In 2015, a division of the Kohler Company, Kallista, released a new line of bath and kitchen products
designed by Ingels. Named "taper", the fixtures featured minimalist and mid-century Danish design.[66]

In 2016, he was a keynote speaker at the leadership conference Aarhus Symposium, in which he addressed the
role of creativity and empowerment in leadership.[67]

Film

Ingels was cast in My Playground, a documentary film by Kaspar Astrup Schröder that explores parkour and
freerunning, with much of the action taking place on and around BIG projects.[68]

He was also part of the documentary film Genre de Vie, about bicycles, cities and personal awareness. It looks
at desired space and our own impact to the process of it. The film documents urban life empowered by the
simplicity of the bicycle.

Ingels was profiled in the first season of the Netflix docu-series Abstract: The Art of Design.[69]

Design philosophy
In 2009, The Architectural Review said that Ingels Architecture seems to be entrenched in two equally
and BIG "has abandoned 20th-century Danish unfertile fronts: either naively utopian or petrifyingly
modernism to explore the more fertile world of pragmatic. We believe that there is a third way... A
bigness and baroque eccentricity... BIG's world is pragmatic utopian architecture.
also an optimistic vision of the future where art,
architecture, urbanism and nature magically find a —Bjarke Ingels.[70]
new kind of balance. Yet while the rhetoric is loud,
the underlying messages are serious ones about
global warming, community life, post-petroleum-
age architecture and the youth of the city."[71] The Netherlands Architecture Institute described him as "a
member of a new generation of architects that combine shrewd analysis, playful experimentation, social
responsibility and humour."[72]

In an interview in 2010, Ingels provided a number of insights on his design philosophy. He defines
architecture as "the art of translating all the immaterial structures of society – social, cultural, economical and
political – into physical structures." Architecture should "arise from the world" benefiting from the growing
concern for our future triggered by discussion of climate change. In connection with his BIG practice, he
explains: "Buildings should respond to the local environment and climate in a sort of conversation to make it
habitable for human life" drawing, in particular, on the resources of the local climate which could provide "a
way of massively enriching the vocabulary of architecture."[4]

Luke Butcher noted that Ingels taps into metamodern sensibility, adopting a metamodern attitude; but he
"seems to oscillate between modern positions and postmodern ones, a certain out-of-this-worldness and a
definite down-to-earthness, naivety and knowingness, idealism and the practical."[70] Sustainable development
and renewable energy are important to Ingels, which he refers to as "hedonistic sustainability". He has said
that "It's not about what we give up to be sustainable, it's about what we get. And that is a very attractive and
marketable concept." [73] He has also been outspoken against "suburban biopsy" in Holmen, Copenhagen,
caused by wealthy older people (the grey-gold generation) living in the suburbs and wanting to move into the
town to visit the Royal Theatre and the opera.[74]

In 2014, Ingels released a video entitled 'Worldcraft' (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyNGDWnmX0U)

as part of the Future of StoryTelling summit, which introduced his concept of creating architecture that focuses
on turning "surreal dreams into inhabitable space".[75] Citing the power of alternate reality programs and video
games, like Minecraft,[76] Ingels's 'worldcraft' is an extension of 'hedonistic sustainability' and further develops
ideas established in his first book, Yes Is More. In the video (and essay by the same name in his second book,
Hot to Cold: An Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation) Ingels notes: "These fictional worlds empower people
with the tools to transform their own environments. This is what architecture ought to be ..." "Architecture
must become Worldcraft, the craft of making our world, where our knowledge and technology doesn't limit us
but rather enables us to turn surreal dreams into inhabitable space. To turn fiction into fact."[77]

Personal life
In 2015, Ingels bought an apartment in New York's Dumbo neighborhood. In 2016, Ingels met his girlfriend,
Spanish architect Ruth Otero, at Burning Man.[62]

Notable projects
For a full list of projects, see Bjarke Ingels Group#Completed projects

Islands Brygge Harbour Bath, Copenhagen (completed 2003)

VM Houses, Ørestad, Copenhagen (completed 2005)
Mountain Dwellings, Ørestad, Copenhagen (completed 2008)
Danish Maritime Museum, Helsingør, Denmark (u/c, completion mid-2013)
8 House, Ørestad, Copenhagen (completed 2010)
Superkilen, a public park in Copenhagen (completed 2011).[78]
Amager Bakke, incinerator power plant and ski hill (2017 completion)
Europa City, Paris
Two World Trade Center New York City, office building (On hold, Larry Silverstein is in talks
with News Corporation and 21st Century Fox to create a joint headquarters.)

Exhibitions
2007 BIG City, Storefront for Art and Architecture, New
York[79]
2009 Yes is More, Danish Architecture Centre,
Copenhagen[80][81]
2010 Yes is More, CAPC, Bordeaux and
WECHSELRAUM, Stuttgart
"Yes Is More", Copenhagen, 2009
2015 Hot to Cold: An Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation,
National Building Museum
2019-2020 BIG presents FORMGIVING (https://dac.dk/en/exhibitions/formgiving-big/), Danish
Architecture Centre, Copenhagen
Awards
For a more detailed list of awards, see Bjarke Ingels Group#Awards

2001 and 2003 Henning Larsen Prize[82]

2002 Nykredit Architecture Prize
2004 ar+d award for the Maritime Youth House[83]
2004 Golden Lion for best concert hall design, Venice Biennale of Architecture (for Stavanger
Concert Hall proposal)
2006 Forum AID Award, Best Building in Scandinavia in 2006 (for VM Houses)
2007 Mies van der Rohe Award Traveling Exhibition – VM Houses
2008 Forum AID Award for Best Building in Scandinavia in 2008 (for Mountain Dwellings)
2009 ULI Award for Excellence (for Mountain Dwellings)[84]
2010 European Prize for Architecture[85]
2011 Dreyer Honorary Award
2011 Danish Crown Prince Couple's Culture Prize[86]
2011 French Academy of Architecture, Prix Delarue Award
2011 The Wall Street Journal Architectural Innovator of the Year Award
2012 American Institute of Architects Honor Award for 8 House, deemed to elevate the quality
of architectural practice.[87]
2013 Den Danske Lyspris (for Gammel Hellerup Gymnasium)
2013 International Olympic Committee Award, Gold Medal (for Superkilen)
2013 American Institute of Architects Honor Award, Regional and Urban Design (for
Superkilen)
2014 European Prize of Architecture Philippe Rotthier (for the Danish Maritime Museum)
2014 Urban Land Institute, 40 Under 40 Award
2015 Global Holcim Awards for Sustainable Construction, Bronze (for The DryLine resiliency
project)[88]
2017 C.F. Hansen Medal[89]

Bibliography
Bjarke Ingels, Yes is More: An Archicomic on Architectural Evolution (exhibition catalogue),
Copenhagen, 2009, ISBN 9788799298808[81]
BIG, Bjarke Ingels Group Projects 2001–2010, Design Media Publishing Ltd, 2011, 232 pages.
ISBN 9789881973863.
BIG, BIG – Bjarke Ingels Group, Archilife, Seoul, 2010, 356 pages. ISBN 9788996450818
BIG, BIG: Recent Project, GA Edita, Tokyo, 2012. ISBN 9784871406789
BIG, Abitare, Being BIG, Abitare, Milan, 2012.
BIG, Arquitectura Viva, AV Monograph BIG, Arquitectura Viva, Madrid, 2013.
ISBN 9788461655922
BIG, Topotek & Superflex, Barbara Steiner, Superkilen, Arvinius + Orfeus, Stockholm, 2013,
224 Pages. ISBN 9789187543029
BIG, Bruce Peter, Museum in the Dock, Arvinius + Orfeus, Stockholm, 2014, 208 pages.
ISBN 9789198075649
 Bjarke Ingels, Hot to Cold: An Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation (exhibition catalogue),
Taschen, New York and Köln, 2015, 712 pages. ISBN 9783836557399[63]

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External links
Bjarke Ingels (https://www.ted.com/speakers/bjarke_ingels) at TED
"3 warp-speed architecture tales" (TEDGlobal 2009) (http://www.ted.com/talks/bjarke_ingel
s_3_warp_speed_architecture_tales)
Bjarke Ingels design consultancy (https://web.archive.org/web/20101102115436/http://www.kib
isi.com/about) KiBiSi.com
'Yes is More' Talk at the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), London 2010 (https://archiv
e.today/20130418224557/http://www.gleeds.tv/index.cfm?video=739) (video)
 Bjarke interviewed for Studio Banana (http://studiobanana.tv/2010/12/27/studio-banana-tv-inter
views-bjarke-ingels/)
Interview with Bjarke Ingels (http://www.archi-ninja.com/interview-with-bjarke-ingels/) Archi-
Ninja.com
Google Campus (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2015-05-07/google-s-new-campus
-architects-ingels-heatherwick-s-moon-shot)

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