Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Basketball
Brief History..........................................................1
Basic Skills............................................................2-3
Simplified Rules.....................................................4
Ultimate Frisbee
Brief History...........................................................5
Basic Skills.............................................................6-10
Simplified Rules......................................................10
Dodge Ball
Brief History............................................................11
Basic Skills..............................................................13-14
Simplified Rules.......................................................14
Parlor Games....................................................................15
References.........................................................................16
Brief History
1891, Basketball was first invented by James Naismith and was played using
a soccer ball. Basketball's origin was in Springfield Massachusetts.
January 1892, the first 13 rules of basketball were created and women were
also allowed to play. Women's basketball was first played at Smith College.
1895, field goal and free throw points changed.
1896, first professional basketball league, also the first college basketball. The
first game was played at YMCA in Brooklyn.
1913, Rules of basketball changed and become more professional. Double
dribbling and traveling were called. Before the update players were not
allowed to shoot the ball after dribbling however there was more freedom with
new rules after a protest.
June 1932, The FIBA was created. Basketball was becoming an international
sport. Teams from all around the globe were competing such as Italy,
Argentina, and Greece.
1936, basketball was introduced to the Olympics. USA was easily the most
dominate team.
1945, the three point line was invented by Howard Hobson. He was a
basketball sensation in the Mid-West.
1979, the NBA was created at this point of time.
1996, women began to take over the sport. A year later there was also the
first women referee.
2002, Yao Ming was the first ever player to be drafted.
Basic Skills
1. Dribbling – the process of bringing or moving the ball place to place around
the court using the finger pads to tap the ball.
3. Passing– an alternative way to move the ball around the court that is not
comprised of the act of dribbling.
2
a) Chest pass – the ball is thrown from your chest to your teammate’s
chest with no bounce or arc.
b) Bounce pass-
The ball is
thrown from
your
chest
and is
bounced once before entering your teammate’s hands near their chest
area. This pass is the most difficult pass to defend.
c) Overhead pass – The ball is passed from over your head into your
teammate’s chest.
Simplified Rules
a. Players: Five players per team on the floor at a time with unlimited 3
substitutions.
b. Offense: Team or individual patterns of play that are used to get the ball into
scoring position. There are two basic types of offensive attacks: the slow
deliberate attack and the fast break attack.
c. Defense: Players may choose to play either a man to man defense (person to
person) or zone. In man to man each player is assigned a specific person to
guard/play defense on. In a zone defense, players are assigned a specified
area to guard.
d. Scoring: Field Goals = 2 or 3 points. Free Throws = 1 point.
e. Timeouts: Timeouts are one minute or 30 seconds in length and can be
requested during a dead ball or anytime by the team in possession of the ball.
Each team gets a total of five timeouts for the entire game.
f. Timing:
High school varsity games play 8 minute quarters.
Time stops each time an official blows the whistle indicating a dead
ball.
There is one minute between quarters and 10 minutes at the half.
A player has 10 seconds to shoot a free throw.
A player has 5 seconds to inbound the ball.
Running time is used in physical education and intramural situations.
The clock does not stop on dead balls.
4
Ultimate Frisbee a team sport in which players seek to score points by
passing a Frisbee to a teammate over the opposing team's goal line.
Brief History
1948 – Fred Morrison researched how to make a flat object fly straighter and
further, and thus the first patent for a flying disc toy was born.
1951 – The first mass-produced disc toy, called the Pluto Platter, was sold.
1969 – The first team had been formed. They practiced on the high schools
parking lot.
1970 – Joel Silver, Buzzy Hellring, and Jon Hines created the 1st edition
rules. The first interscholastic game took place between Columbia High
and Millburn High. Columbia won 43 – 10
1975 – First organized tournament took place. Eight teams attended at Yale
University. Rutgers won yet again.
1979 – Ultimate Players Association (UPA) was founded, now called USA
Ultimate.
1984 – The World Flying Disc Federation was founded, the international
governing body for all disc sports.
1989 – Ultimate was shown as an exhibition sport during the world games in
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Akita, Japan.
Basic Skills
There are many ways to throw a flying disc. So let’s start with basic Frisbee skill
number 1, the Backhand:
Grip the disc like this… …and like this for more power:
Step 2
Begin by throwing the disc using only the wrist. Don’t use your arm yet, just make the
disc spin as fast as you can by flicking your wrist…
Step 3
Step 4
The throw:
The release:
When your arm is pointing at your target, let go of the disc by flicking the wrist
with power.
Step 6
Step 7
Watch it fly:
7
Did the disc fly how you wanted?
THE FOREHAND
Now you’ve got the backhand sorted, let’s have a go at basic Frisbee skill number 2,
the forehand (a.k.a. flick or ‘sidearm’). There are two main ways to grip, depending
on the type of disc you are using. The Aerobic Super disc is really easy to throw a
forehand, so we’ll look at this first.
Step 1
Take the disc back from the elbow and bend the wrist back
Step 3
Watch it fly!
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Step 4
Make adjustments!
If it turns to the left, try letting the disc hang more loosely during the throw –
just allow the spin to straighten the disc up as it flies.
Once you can throw a Super disc straight every time, try curving it to the left
and right.
And now for basic Frisbee skill number 3, curving the flight! You can make the disc
curve from the right to the left or from the left to the right. The main thing do is to
release the disc on an angle.
Right to Left
By throwing the disc like this it will curve from the right to the left. This is called
adding ‘skip curve’.
Left to Right
By throwing the disc like this it will curve from the left
to the right. This is called adding ‘roll curve’, and most
people find this a little more difficult to master.
AIR BOUNCE
CATCHING
Simplified Rules
10
1. The Field: A rectangular shape with end zones at each end. A
regulation field is 70 yards long by 40 yards wide, with end zones 20
yards deep.
2. Starting Play: Each point begins with both teams lining up on the front
of opposite end zone lines. The defense throws ("pulls") the disc to the
offense. A regulation game has seven players per team.
3. Scoring: Each time the offense catches a pass in the defense's end
zone, the offense scores a point. The teams switch direction after every
goal, and the next point begins with a new pull by the team that just
scored.
4. Movement of the Disc: The disc may be advanced in any direction by
completing a pass to a teammate. Players may not run with the disc.
The person with the disc ("thrower") has ten seconds to throw the disc.
The defender guarding the thrower ("marker") counts out the stall
count.
5. Change of Possession: When a pass is not completed (e.g. out of
bounds, drop, and block, interception, stalled), the defense immediately
takes possession of the disc and becomes the offense.
6. Substitutions: Players not in the game may replace players in the game
after a score and during an injury timeout.
7. Non-contact: Players must attempt to avoid physical contact during
play. Picks and screens are also prohibited.
8. Fouls: When a player initiates contact that affects the play, a foul
occurs. When a foul causes a player to lose possession, the play
resumes as if the possession was retained. If the player that the foul
was called against disagrees with the foul call, the play is redone.
9. Self-Officiating: Players are responsible for their own foul and line calls.
Players resolve their own disputes.
10. Spirit of the Game: The foundation of the rules in ultimate is Spirit of
the Game, which places the responsibility for fair play on the player.
Competitive play is encouraged, but never at the expense of respect
between players, adherence to the rules, and the basic joy of play.
Dodge ball game requires a large, soft rubber ball, the size of a volley ball or
beach ball, and several players. Ten or more makes a good game. 11
Brief History
There’s a lot of evidence that the first known game of dodge ball dates back to
Africa 200 years ago, but it was more deadly than how it’s played today.
Rather than using soft balls, players instead threw rocks at their opponents in
an attempt to injure them or finish them off.
Tribes used this game to work out and it taught them about the values of
teamwork.
A missionary, James H. Carlisle, was a spectator of many games and sought
out a plan to make the game play safer for everyone. However, the pupils
from his local England didn’t have the natural accuracy or agility to either
throw or dodge, and he couldn’t encourage anybody no matter how much he
talked about the sport.
Carlisle later turned the original concept of dodge ball into a much safer
game. Leather balls would now be thrown instead of rocks, and it would be
set on an open field. Players were called “out” if they were ever bit with a ball.
In 1884, Phillip Ferguson watched a couple of games being played at St.
Mary’s College between students from Yale University. He liked the concept
of the game but thought up an idea for it to be quicker.
Ferguson changed the rules so that two teams were on either side of the
playing field, and brought the rules over to America, which were made official
in 1905.
Still, at St. Mary’s College, the campus hosts dodge ball matches for Yale
students with the original rules in play every four years to commemorate the
founding fathers of the sport and its African origins.
There are many different ball types used around the world, including 8.5-inch
rubber, "no-sting" rubber, foam and cloth. USA Dodge ball uses all ball types
across multiple tournaments held by them and their member organizations.
The World Dodge ball Federation uses primarily foam for their World
Championships with plans to include cloth in the coming years, as those are
the two balls used most widely across the world.
Dodge ball can be played on any surface that has clearly marked boundaries
and a center line, such as a basketball or volleyball court or fenced area. Elite
Dodge ball specifies a court 50 feet (15 m) by 25 feet (7.6 m), where a zone
10 feet (3.0 m) wide at the junction of the areas is a neutral zone.
Informal matches of dodge ball are typically played until all players on one
side are out. In WDBF guidelines, matches last a total of 40 minutes. These
are split into two 20-minute halves, during which as many sets as possible are
played. A set lasts until all players on one side are out. One point is awarded
for every set won. Teams switch sides at halftime.
Basic Skills
Power Arm: Pretty self explanatory. This skill is tremendous to have, as it’ll
allow a player to effectively throw at his/her target and get someone out. The
better power arm players can throw alone, which normally is something that is
bad, but they can make it work.
Accuracy: There’s no point in having strength if you can’t control it. Granted,
there’s no point in putting a ball where you want it at 49 mph (as I am often
reminded), but accuracy is just as important as power.
Awareness: This comes in two stages- firstly, court awareness. Knowing
where you are on the court at all time, knowing where your opponents are,
knowing where the balls are coming from, all these are extremely important in
dodge ball.
Catching: Another extremely important skill, and one that can make up for the
lack of a good throw.
Dodging: This can be a very helpful trait if partnered with another trait. Even
the best catcher needs to dodge every once in a while, and if you can’t catch, it’s
crucial that you can either dodge or block.
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Blocking: Similar to dodging, this is great if you can add this to another skill
you’re good-great in, but if you are a pure blocker, you can still be very helpful.
Look at a team like Kent State, who in the past has had a few blockers like Billy
Cameron and Jason Hallman.
Leadership: This can come not just from captains, but from everyone.
Simplified Rules
10. 10. Referee can pause the game at any point by saying, "Stop." At that point,
all events after and during is void.
A parlor or parlor game is a group game played indoors. They were often 14
played in a parlor. These games were extremely popular among the upper and
middle classes in Great Britain and in the United States during the Victorian era. The
Victorian age is sometimes considered the "Golden Age" of the parlor game.
Example
The sack race is a classic party game that has been around forever. The fact that
kids are learning amazing development skills will be disguised in the fun and
sometimes hilarity of the game. Covering a broad range of ages and stages, this cool
party game will be a huge success!
Start with 10 people per team (or an even number); 5 people on each side of
the field (or applicable number if starting with less than 10 per team).
Start the race on one end and have each person tag the next in the other line.
Continue until the team finishes.
The first team to the finish line wins.
You remember. You stuck your right leg in a burlap sack and your uncle stuck his left
leg in the same sack—together you feverishly hopped toward the glory of the finish
line at the family reunion. Well the sack race is back!
There are numerous variations to sack racing rules. Here are just a few suggestions
for you—but half of the fun of these games is putting your own spin on the rules! So
get out there and be creative!
Bibliography 15
Iacovella, M. (2014). An Abbreviated History of Ultimate. World Flying Disc
Federation. wfdf.org/history-stats/history-of-ultimate/167-an-abbreviated-
history-of- ultimate-compiled-by-michael-e-iacovella.
https://recreation.uni.edu/sites/default/files/documents/Official_Dodgeball_Rules_and
_Regulations_2017.pdf
https://www.gamedayboise.com/document/550/download/Dodgeball-Rules.pdf
https://prezi.com/lhblgvzowgqc/history-of-basketballtimeline/
https://www.kidspot.com.au/things-to-do/activity-articles/sack-races/news-
story/9ef931bdcb41c449da072656a534046b
.
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