Kuliah- 4

T.Ilyas

SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
SETTLEMENT

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 Bahan referensi
 Braja M Das, Shallow Foundations Bearing Capacity
and settlements, CRC Press, 1999
 Muni Budu, Soil Mechanics and Foundations, 2nd
edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2007, USA
 Bouwles, Foundation Analysis and design, 5th edition,
Mc Graw-Hill, 1997
 R.F. Craig, Soil Mechanics, (English & terjemahan
Prof.Dr.Ir Budi S Supandji)
 Cernica, J.N., Soil Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons,
1995

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Settlement

 Divided into 3 basic types

 Rigid block or uniform settlement
 Tilt or distortion
 Non uniform settlement

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Load settlement curve

St = Se + Sc + Ss

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Settlement

Divided into 3 segments

 Immediate (elastic) setlement (time period of
about 7 days)
 Primary consolidation settlement (3-10 years)
 Secondary consolidation settlement

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Contact pressures and settlements for a flexible
foundation: (a) elastic material; (b) granular soil.
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Contact pressures and settlements for a rigid
foundation: (a) elastic material;(b) granular soil.

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Immediate (elastic) settlement..(1)

Theory elasticity is used to determined the

immediate/elastic settlement

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Immediate (elastic) settlement..(2)

 Gazetas et,al 1985 proposed :

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Schmertmann et al.

D’Appolonia et al.

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Immediate (elastic) settlement..(3)
 Gazetas et,al 1985 for recangular area of actual width Br and
the thickness of the soil layer should be at least 2 B proposed
:

where

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Immediate (elastic) settlement..(4)

Example : determine the immediate settlement of a rectangular footing 4m x 6m

embedded in a deep deposit of a homogenous clay as shown below

Solution :
1. Determine geometric parameter
2. Calculate the shape &
embedment factors
3. Calculate the immediate
settlement

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Immediate (elastic) settlement..(5)
Skempton& Bjerrum (1957) the total settlement of footing in clay

Schmertmann :
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(sand)
Schmertmann et al. from SPT

D’Appolonia et al. for clay

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Immediate(elastic)settlement..(6)
Janbu, Bjerrum and Kjaernsli (1966) for clay proposed

for μ = 1

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Correlation of Duncan and Buchignani for the modulus of
elasticity of clay in an undrained state. 1976

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Primary consolidation settlement

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Primary consolidation settlement

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Secondary consolidation
settlement

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Determination of B.C and Settlement
SPT

where cN = correction factor ; σ’ 20 = effective overburden pressure

Settlement from Burland and Burbrige 1985

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Determination of B.C and Settlement
SPT
Settlement from Burland and Burbrige 1985

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 Determination of B.C and Settlement
CPT
 Shmertmann et all 1978 proposed

where

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