Bacterial genotypes
Results in high frequency lysogenization by λ
BACTERIAL GENOTYPES
dam
Endogenous adenine methylation at GATC
sequence abolished. Dam strains have high
recombination frequency, express DNA repair
function constitutively, and are poorly transformed
by Dam modified plasmids. Used for making DNA
susceptible to cleavage by some restriction enzyme
dcm
endogenous cytosine methylation at CCWGG
sequences abolished. Used for making DNA
making susceptible to cleavage by some restriction
enzyme (AvaII)
dnaJ
one of the several chaperonins is inactive. This
defect has been shown to stabilize certain mutant
protein expression in E.coli
dut
dUTPase activity abolished. In combination with
ung allows incorporation of uracil in to DNA.
Some procedure of oligonucleotide
synthesis use this
endA
Activity of non specific
endonuclease I abolished. DNA
preparations are thought to be of
higher quality when prepared from
endA strain.
e14
An excisable prophage like element
present in k-12. e14 carries the gene mcrA
F
low copy number, self transmissible plasmid. F'
factor carries a portion of E.coli chromosome most
notably lac operon
fhuA
Has mutant iron uptake receptor which confers
resistance to phage T1 (ferric Hydroxamate
uptake) former name is tonA
gal
lacs the ability to metabolize galactose
gyrA
point mutation in the DNA gyrase subunit A. This
mutation confers the resistance to the nalidixic
acid
hflA
hsdR, hsdS
DNA that does not contain methylation of certain
sequences is recognized as foreign by EcoKI or
EcoBI and restricted. These enzymes recognizes
different sequences and encoded by different
alleles of hsdRMS. hsdR mutation abolishes
restriction but not protective methylation while
hsdS mutation abolishes both.
lacq
Over produces the lac repressor, turning off
expression from Plac more completely.
LacZ
B-galactosidase activity abolished.
LacZ::T7gene 1
Has the phage T7 RNA polymerase (=gene 1)
inserted in to lacZ gene
lacY
Lactose permease activity abolished
Δ(lac)= deletion , Δ(lacZ)M15- Expresses a
fragment that complements the lac α-fragment
encoded by many vectors. These vectors will
yield blue color on X-gal only if the host
catties ΔM15, ΔU169, ΔX111, ΔX74
delete the entire lac operon from the
chromosome in addition to varying
amount of flanking DNA. ΔX111
deletes proAB as well, so that cell
requires proline for the growth on
the minimal medium.
lon
activity of protease responsible for
degrading aberrant protein abolished.
Some eukaryotic proteins are stabilized in
Lon strains.
lysY
encodes the mutant type of lysozyme from T7
bacteriophage. The mutation K128Y eliminates
lysozyme activity but mutant protein still binds to
and inhibits T7 RNA polymerase
malB
malB region encompasses the gene malEFG and
malK lamB malM. Δ(malB) deletes most or all
of this region and eliminates expression of maltose
binding protein (MalE)
mcrA,mcrBC
These affect methyl cytosine specific restriction
system. DNA containing methyl cytosine in some
sequences is restricted by Mcr+. Dcm modified
DNA is not restricted by Mcr+. Δ(mcrC-mrr)
 Bacterial genotypes

deletes six genes mcrC-mcrB-hsdS-hsdM-hsdR- sbcC

mrr usually found in recB recC sbcB. However strains
carrying sbcB alone are recombination proficient
mrr
and stably propagate inverted repeats both in λ and
A restriction system requires cytosine or adenine
in plasmid
methylation abolished. However, dam-, dcm- or
EcoKI modified DNA not restricted by Mrr+ sulA
Mutation in this gene inhibits cell division.
ompT
Allowing cells to recover from DNA damage in
activity of outer membrane protease is abolished
lon mutant background (suppressor of Lon)
phoA
supC(ts)
activity of alkaline phosphatase abolished
Strains carry a thermo sensitive tyrosine inserting
recA ochre (UAA) and amber (UAG)suppressor. Non
homologous recombination abolished sense mutation in the same strain are suppressed
recB, recB only at low temperature. now called as tyrT
exonuclease and recombination activity of traD
exonuclease V abolished severely reduce the self transmissibility of the F
recD factor
Exonuclease activity of Exo V abolished but tsp
recombination activity elevated deletion eliminates a periplasmic protease that may
recF degrade secreted or cytoplasmically over
Plasmid by plasmid homologous recombination expressed protein after lysis (now called as prc)
abolished tsx
recJ confers resistance to bacteriophage T6
Plasmid by plasmid homologous tyrT
recombination abolished supC and supF
relA1 supE
lacs ppGpp synthesis during the Strain carry a glutamine- inserting
stringent response to aa starvation; amber suppressor tRNA (now called
activity of ATP:GTP3'- glnV)
pyrophosphotransferase is abolished
ung
rfbD uracil N-glycosilase activity abolished.
lacks functional TDP rhamnose Uracil incorporated in to DNA is removed
synthetase and thus does not synthesis by Ung+ leaving baseless site
the cell surface O-antigen
P1
rpoH cell carries P1 prophage. Such strains express P1
Lack of this heat shock transcription factor restriction system
abolishes expression of some stress-induced
P2
protease activities in addition to lon. Some cloned
cell carries P2 prophage. This allows the selection
proteins are more stable in rpoHamsupCts strains
against Red+ Gam+λ (Spi- selection
at high temperature. This is also known as htpR
φ80
sbcB
The cell carries the lamboid prophage φ80
Exo I activity is abolished. Strains carrying recB
recC and sbcB are usually also abcC. These Mu
quadruple mutant strains are recombination Mu prophage; mud means the phage is defective
proficient and propagate inverted repeats in λ, but
plasmid replication is aberrant