PRACTICAL SKILL ASSESSMENT ATTAINMEN WEIGHT SCORE

T (70%)
Assemble HAWT model system
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Install electrical wiring correctly and safely
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Measure wind speed, voltage and power
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Procedure execution thoroughly and carefully
⑤ ④③ ②① ⓪
LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT ATTAINMEN WEIGHT SCORE
T (30%)
RESULT
⑤ ④③ ②① ⓪
DISCUSSION
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CONCLUSION
⑤ ④③ ②① ⓪

TOTAL CA MARKS (100%)

Department of electrical engineering
DEG30013- FUNDAMENTAL OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
PROGRAMME : DEE
PRACTICAL WORK NO :3
TITLE : WIND
DATE :
LECTURER’S NAME : 1)

GENERIC SKILL ASSESSMENT :

SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY - PLO 3 (5%)TOTAL
Model

REG. NO GROUP MEMBERS

Introduction:

Power has been extracted from the wind over hundreds of years with historic designs, known as
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windmills, constructed from wood, cloth and stone for the purpose of pumping water or grinding corn.
Historic designs, typically large, heavy and inefficient, were replaced in the 19th century by fossil fuel
engines and the implementation of a nationally distributed power network. A greater understanding of
aerodynamics and advances in materials, particularly polymers, has led to the return of wind energy
extraction in the latter half of the 20th century. Wind power devices are now used to produce electricity,
and commonly termed wind turbines.

The device which converts the wind power into electricity is called wind turbine. This
machine converts wind’s kinetic energy into mechanical energy which is then converted into electrical
energy. In fact, the blades of the horizontal axis wind turbines are rotated through the wind. The
conversion process uses the basic aerodynamic lift force to produce a net torque on the rotor shaft. The
torque leads to a rotation of the shaft. The mechanical power produced on the shaft is finally converted
into electrical energy through a generator.

The orientation of the shaft and rotational axis determines the first classification of the wind
turbine. A turbine with a shaft mounted horizontally parallel to the ground is known as a horizontal axis
wind turbine or (HAWT). A vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) has its shaft normal to the ground
(Figure 1).

Figure 1. Alternative configurations for shaft and rotor orientation

A focus is now being made on the HAWT due to its dominance in the wind turbine
industry. HAWT are very sensitive to changes in blade profile and design.

1. The purpose of this activity is to investigate the basic working fundamentals of a Horizontal
Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT).
2. This activity includes an optional extra investigation related to designs of wind blades.

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Learning outcome:

Upon completion of this practical activity, student should be able to:

1. Demonstrate the understanding of the operational details of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
(HAWT)
2. Investigate the effect of speed and blade design to the output.
3. Investigate the configurations and the effect they have on turbine voltage output.

Materials:

1. DC Motor (1X)
2. Electrical lead with alligator clips (X4)
3. Multimeter
4. Resistor 0.5 ohm (X2)
5. Standing Fan
6. Graph paper

Procedure:

1. Set your multi-meter to measure 200-0 m volts. Connect leads from the multi-meter to the
terminals on your mini turbine. The multi-meter should display a voltage output when the
turbine rotor is turned (Figure 2). Note: Without a load, the readings on your multi-meter many
not be stable. See how to test your turbine with a load.

Figure 2: Test Turbine voltage

2. The proper way to test your turbine is to measure voltage across a load. Use a load if your meter
measurements jump around while you are trying to read them. The load can be a bulb, 2.7ohm
resistor, small dc motor, or even a pencil with both ends sharpened (Figure 3)

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 Figure 3: Load test

1. Paste your wind turbine model picture in the space below provided.

Questions

1. Define RPM. .

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 How many times can you spin your tubine rotor around in 30 seconds?
Revolutions in 30 seconds: RPM:

2. If your turbine blades rotate 400 times in two minutes, what is the RPM of the blades?

3. Voltage and RPM: Is there a correlation between RPM and Voltage? Spin your wind turbine with
a finger and record your findings:
Voltage at a low RPM (spinning slow):
Voltage at a medium RPM:
Voltage at a high RPM (spinning fast):

4. Voltage and RPM: Is there a correlation between RPM and Voltage? Spin your wind turbine with
a finger and record your findings: Voltage at a low RPM (spinning slow):
Voltage at a medium RPM: Voltage at a high
RPM (spinning fast):

5. Describe the correlation between RPM and voltage:

6. Measure and graph the peak voltage output of your turbine at the distances from the fan shown
below.

Turbine Distance from Fan

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Discussion

Your experiment should test a single variable, such as:

 diameter of blades
 number of blades
 shape of blades
 mass of blades
 effect of load on voltage output

Conclusion:

Write a conclusion about the practical activities in one single paragraph with no more than 100 words.
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