Week 11 Chapter 17 - Momentum Methods PDF

Eleventh Edition
CHAPTER VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:
17 DYNAMICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Phillip J. Cornwell Plane Motion of Rigid
Brian P. Self Bodies:
Momentum Methods
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Edition
Eleventh
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the topic/chapter the students would be able to:
• Solve the plane motion of rigid bodies and of systems of rigid
bodies using the method of impulse and momentum (CO2-PO2)
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 2

Edition
Eleventh
Contents
Introduction
Principle of Impulse and Momentum
Systems of Rigid Bodies
Conservation of Angular Momentum
Sample Problem 17.6
Sample Problem 17.7
Sample Problem 17.8
Eccentric Impact
Sample Problem 17.9
Sample Problem 17.10
Sample Problem 17.11

Edition
Eleventh
Introduction
To determine the forces acting on the stopper pin when the

catapult reaches its final position, angular impulse momentum
equations are used.

Edition
Eleventh
Introduction
Approaches to Rigid Body Kinetics Problems
Forces and Velocities and Velocities and

Accelerations Displacements Time
Newton’s Second Work-Energy Impulse-

Law (last chapter) Momentum
å F = ma mv1 + ò 2 F dt = mv2
t
G t1
T1  U12  T2
åM = H G G
t2
I G1   M G dt  I G2
t1

Edition
Eleventh
Angular Impulse Momentum
When two rigid bodies collide, we typically use principles

of angular impulse momentum. We often also use linear
impulse momentum (like we did for particles).

Edition
Eleventh
Introduction
Approaches to Rigid Body Kinetics Problems
Forces and Velocities and Velocities and

Accelerations Displacements Time
Newton’s Second Work-Energy Impulse-

Law (last chapter) Momentum
mv1 + ò 2 F dt = mv2
t
å F = ma G
T1  U12  T2
t1
åM = H
t2
G G I G1   M G dt  I G2
t1

Edition
Eleventh
• Method of impulse and momentum:
- well suited to the solution of problems involving time and velocity
- the only practicable method for problems involving impulsive
motion and impact.
Sys Momenta1 + Sys Ext Imp1-2 = Sys Momenta2

Edition
Eleventh
• The momenta of the particles of a system may be   
reduced to a vector attached to the mass center L   vi Δmi  mv
equal to their sum,
and a couple equal to the sum of their   

H G   ri  vi Δmi
moments about the mass center,
• For the plane motion of a rigid slab or of a rigid 

body symmetrical with respect to the reference H G  I
plane,

Edition
Eleventh
• For plane motion problems, draw out an impulse-momentum diagram,
(similar to a free-body diagram)
• This leads to three equations of motion:

- summing and equating momenta and impulses in the x and y
directions
- summing and equating the moments of the momenta and impulses
with respect to any given point (often choose G)

Edition
Eleventh
Impulse Momentum Diagrams
A sphere S hits a stationary bar

AB and sticks to it. Draw the
impulse-momentum diagram for
the ball and bar separately;
time 1 is immediately before
the impact and time 2 is
immediately after the impact.

Edition
Eleventh
Impulse Momentum Diagrams
Momentum of the Impulse on Momentum of the
ball before impact ball ball after impact
FimpDt
Momentum of the Impulse on Momentum of the

bar before impact bar bar after impact
FimpDt
Edition
Eleventh
• Fixed axis rotation:

- The angular momentum about O
I O  I   mv r
 I   mr  r

 I  mr 2  
- Equating the moments of the momenta and
impulses about O,
t2
I O1    M O dt  I O 2
t1
The pin forces at point O now contribute no moment to the equation

Edition
Eleventh
Systems of Rigid Bodies
• Motion of several rigid bodies can be analyzed by applying
the principle of impulse and momentum to each body
separately.
• For problems involving no more than three unknowns, it may

be convenient to apply the principle of impulse and
momentum to the system as a whole.
• For each moving part of the system, the diagrams of momenta

should include a momentum vector and/or a momentum couple.
• Internal forces occur in equal and opposite pairs of vectors and

generate impulses that cancel out.

Edition
Eleventh
Practice
From the previous problem, notice that the impulse acting on the
sphere is equal and opposite to the impulse acting on the bar. We can
take advantage of this by drawing the impulse-momentum diagram of
the entire system, as shown on the next slide.
FimpDt
FimpDt
Edition
Eleventh
Practice – Diagram for combined system
FimpDt
FimpDt

Edition
Eleventh
The moments acting through the skater’s center of gravity are
negligible, so his angular momentum remains constant. He can
adjust his spin rate by changing his moment of inertia.
t2
IG1    M G dt  I G2
t1
IG1  IG2
Edition
Eleventh
• When no external force acts on a rigid body or a system of rigid
bodies, the system of momenta at t1 is equipollent to the system
at t2. The total linear momentum and angular momentum about
any point are conserved,
 
L1  L2 H 0 1  H 0 2
• When the sum of the angular impulses pass through O, the

linear momentum may not be conserved, yet the angular
momentum about O is conserved,
H 0 1  H 0 2
• Two additional equations may be written by summing x and

y components of momenta and may be used to determine
two unknown linear impulses, such as the impulses of the
reaction components at a fixed point.

Edition
Eleventh
Concept Question
For the problem we looked at previously, is the

angular momentum about G conserved? YES NO
angular momentum about point A conserved?
YES NO
linear momentum of the system conserved?
YES NO
Edition
Eleventh
Sample Problem 17.6
SOLUTION:
• Considering each gear separately, apply
the method of impulse and momentum.
• Solve the angular momentum equations

for the two gears simultaneously for the
unknown time and tangential force.
mA  10 kg k A  200 mm
mB  3 kg k B  80 mm
The system is at rest when a moment

of M  6 N  m is applied to gear B.
Neglecting friction, a) determine the
time required for gear B to reach an
angular velocity of 600 rpm, and b) the
tangential force exerted by gear B on
gear A.
Edition
Eleventh
Sample Problem 17.6
SOLUTION:
• Considering each gear separately, apply the method of impulse
and momentum.
moments about A:
0  FtrA   I A  A 2
Ft 0.250 m   0.400 kg  m 25.1rad s 
Ft  40.2 N  s
moments about B:
0  Mt  FtrB  I B  B 2
6 N  m t  Ft 0.100 m 
 0.0192 kg  m 2 62.8 rad s 
• Solve the angular momentum equations for the two gears simultaneously
for the unknown time and tangential force.
t  0.871 s F  46.2 N

Edition
Eleventh
Sample Problem 17.7
SOLUTION:
• Apply principle of impulse and momentum
to find variation of linear and angular
velocities with time.
• Relate the linear and angular velocities
when the sphere stops sliding by noting
Uniform sphere of mass m and that the velocity of the point of contact is
radius r is projected along a rough zero at that instant.
horizontal surface with a linear
• Substitute for the linear and angular
velocity v1 and no angular velocity.
velocities and solve for the time at which
The coefficient of kinetic friction is
k . sliding stops.
• Evaluate the linear and angular velocities
Determine a) the time t2 at which at that instant.
the sphere will start rolling without
sliding and b) the linear and angular
velocities of the sphere at time t2.
Edition
Eleventh
Sample Problem 17.7
SOLUTION:
• Apply principle of impulse and momentum
to find variation of linear and angular
velocities with time.
• Relate linear and angular velocities when
sphere stops sliding by noting that velocity
Sys Momenta1 + Sys Ext Imp1-2 = Sys Momenta2 of point of contact is zero at that instant.
y components: • Substitute for the linear and angular
velocities and solve for the time at which
Nt Wt  0 N  W  mg
sliding stops.
x components:
v2  r 2
mv1  Ft  mv2
 5 k g 
mv1   k mgt  mv2 v2  v1  k gt v1   k gt  r  t
 2 r 
moments about G: 2 v1
t
Ftr  I  2 7 k g
 k mg tr  52 mr 2  2 2 
5 k g
t
2 r
Edition
Eleventh
Sample Problem 17.7
• Evaluate the linear and angular velocities
at that instant.
 2 v1 
v2  v1   k g  
 7  k 
g
5
v2  v1
7
Sys Momenta1 + Sys Ext Imp1-2 = Sys Momenta2
N  W  mg 5  k g  2 v1 
y components: 2   
2 r  7  k g 
x components: v2  v1  k gt
5 v1
2 
5 k g 7r
moments about G: 2  t
2 r
v2  r 2
 5 k g  t
2 v1
v1   k gt  r  t
 2 r  7 k g

Week 11 Chapter 17 - Momentum Methods PDF

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Week 11 Chapter 17 - Momentum Methods PDF

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Eleventh Edition

CHAPTER VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 2

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 3

To determine the forces acting on the stopper pin when the

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 4

Forces and Velocities and Velocities and

Newton’s Second Work-Energy Impulse-

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 5

When two rigid bodies collide, we typically use principles

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 6

Forces and Velocities and Velocities and

Newton’s Second Work-Energy Impulse-

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 7

Sys Momenta1 + Sys Ext Imp1-2 = Sys Momenta2

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 8

and a couple equal to the sum of their   

• For the plane motion of a rigid slab or of a rigid 

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 9

• This leads to three equations of motion:

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 10

A sphere S hits a stationary bar

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 11

Momentum of the Impulse on Momentum of the

• Fixed axis rotation:

The pin forces at point O now contribute no moment to the equation

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 13

• For problems involving no more than three unknowns, it may

• For each moving part of the system, the diagrams of momenta

• Internal forces occur in equal and opposite pairs of vectors and

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 14

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 16

• When the sum of the angular impulses pass through O, the

• Two additional equations may be written by summing x and

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 18

For the problem we looked at previously, is the

• Solve the angular momentum equations

The system is at rest when a moment

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 21

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 17 - 24

S-ar putea să vă placă și