Motivation and Emotion: Chapters 11 & 13

OBJECTIVES 
• Identify and apply basic motivational concepts to understand the behavior of humans and other animals (e.g.,
instincts, incentives, intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation).
• Discuss the biological underpinnings of motivation, including needs, drives, and homeostasis.
• Compare and contrast motivational theories (e.g., drive reduction theory, arousal theory, general adaptation theory),
including the strengths and weaknesses of each.
• Describe classic research findings in specific motivation systems (e.g., eating, sex, social)
• Discuss theories of stress and the effects of stress on psychological and physical well-being.
• Compare and contrast major theories of emotion (e.g., James–Lange, Cannon–Bard, Schachter two-factor theory).
● Describe how cultural influences shape emotional expression, including variations in body language.
● Identify key contributors in the psychology of motivation and emotion (e.g., William James, Alfred Kinsey, Abraham
Maslow, Stanley Schachter, Hans Selye).
KEY TERMS
Chapter 11 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Chapter 13
Motivation Self-actualization Health Psychology
Motive Emotions Stress
Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation Brain Regions associated with Stressor
Instinct doctrine Emotion Stress reaction
Instinctive behaviors Fight-or-flight reaction General Adaptation Syndrome
Homeostasis James-Lange Theory Diseases of adaptation
Drive reduction theory Lie Detection Burnout
Needs Cannon-Bard Theory Posttraumatic stress disorder
Drive: Primary v Secondary Cognitive Theory (Two Factor Stress Mediators
Physiological arousal Theory/Schachter–Singer theory) Coping/ Methods of Coping
Arousal theory Excitation transfer theory Social support
Yerkes-Dodson Law Innate expressions Psychoneuroimmunology
Incentive theory Social referencing Immune system
Satiation Health promotion
Satiety Conflict
Obesity Approach-approach Key People (Ch 13)
Set Point (weight) Win-win situation Hans Selye
Anorexia nervosa Avoidance- avoidance
Bulimia Lose-lose situation
Sexual arousal Approach-avoidance
Sexual response cycle
Sex hormones Key People (Ch 11)
Estrogen William James (James-Lang)
Progestational hormones Alfred Kinsey
Androgens Abraham Maslow
Sexual orientation Stanley Schachter
Heterosexuality Masters and Johnson
Homosexuality Richard Lazarus
Bisexuality
Achievement motivation
Well-being
Practice FRQ

Remember to use the ​IDEA​ (​I​dentify and ​D​efine each term then ​E​xplain the term by ​A​pplying) in order to receive full
credit! You should “bullet” your responses as separate sections but ​YOU MUST​ answer in complete sentences!

1. While stress may have useful functions, prolonged amounts of stress can be physiologically, psychologically, and
emotionally damaging. Discuss and explain the significance of the following terms related to the
psychophysiology of stress.
● Health Psychology
● General Adaptation Syndrome (G.A.S.)
● Immune System
● Coronary Heart Disease
● Autoimmune Disease
● Psychoneuroimmunology
● Social support
● Stress Mediators

2. Ben trains for months to compete in the upcoming marathon. Explain to what degree the following factors
contributed to Ben’s experience training and/or competing in the marathon:
● Drive reduction theory of motivation
● Incentive theory of motivation
● Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
● Internal Locus of Control
● Epinephrine
● Cortisol
● Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome
● Approach-avoidance conflict (one he might encounter)