Scribd Logo
Încărcați

Bine ați venit la Scribd!

  • Servlet 1

    Încărcat de

    Sankar Mondal
    7 vizualizări20 pagini
    Servlets are a java class that is designed to respond with dynamic content to client requests over a network. Servlets extend request / response-oriented servers. Servlets are installed in web containers (servlet container) as part of web applications. The Servlet Life Cycle n Executed once when the servlet is first loaded called in a new thread by server for each request Handles GET, POST, etc. Requests Same servlet instance in different threads!

    Descriere originală:

    Titlu original

    Servlet1

    Drepturi de autor

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Formate disponibile

    PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd

    Vi se pare util acest document?

    Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

    Raportați acest document
    Servlets are a java class that is designed to respond with dynamic content to client requests over a network. Servlets extend request / response-oriented servers. Servlets are installed in web containers (servlet container) as part of web applications. The Servlet Life Cycle n Executed once when the servlet is first loaded called in a new thread by server for each request Handles GET, POST, etc. Requests Same servlet instance in different threads!

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    7 vizualizări20 pagini

    Servlet 1

    Încărcat de

    Sankar Mondal
    Servlets are a java class that is designed to respond with dynamic content to client requests over a network. Servlets extend request / response-oriented servers. Servlets are installed in web containers (servlet container) as part of web applications. The Servlet Life Cycle n Executed once when the servlet is first loaded called in a new thread by server for each request Handles GET, POST, etc. Requests Same servlet instance in different threads!

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 20

    Datenbank-Praktikum

    Universität zu Lübeck
    Sommersemester 2006
    Lecture: Servlet/JSP

    Ho Ngoc Duc 1
    Learning objectives

    n Overview of Servlet technology


    n Servlet life cycle
    n Handling the client request

    n Reference
    q Sun Microsystems, J2EE Tutorial
    q Marty Hall, Core Servlets and JSP

    Ho Ngoc Duc 2
    Overview of Servlet technology

    n A servlet is a Java class that is designed to respond


    with dynamic content to client requests over a
    network
    n Servlets extend request/response-oriented servers
    q Most widely used within HTTP servers
    q Java technology that can replace CGI programs
    n Efficient: threads instead of OS processes,
    n Convenient: lots of high-level utilities
    n Portable: virtually all operating systems and servers
    n Secure: no shell escapes, no buffer overflows

    Ho Ngoc Duc 3
    Architecture

    n Servlets are installed in web containers


    (servlet container) as part of web applications
    q A web container can be an add-on component to
    an HTTP server, or a standalone server
    n When server recognizes that the service of a
    servlet is requested: pass request to it
    n What a servlet does:
    q Read data sent by client
    q Generate the results
    q Send data back to client

    Ho Ngoc Duc 4
    Writing Servlets

    n All servlets implement the


    javax.servlet.Servlet interface
    n Typically: write servlets that extend
    javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
    q Abstract implementation of Servlet interface,
    specially designed to handle HTTP requests
    n Override doGet() or doPost() method to
    handle GET or POST requests

    Ho Ngoc Duc 5
    The Servlet Life Cycle

    n init()
    q Executed once when the servlet is first loaded
    n service()
    q Called in a new thread by server for each request
    q Dispatches to doGet, doPost, etc.
    n doGet(), doPost(), doXxx()
    q Handles GET, POST, etc. requests
    q Override these methods to provide desired behavior
    q Same servlet instance in different threads!
    n destroy()
    q Called when server deletes servlet instance

    Ho Ngoc Duc 6
    HelloWorld Servlet
    import java.io.*;
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.http.*;
    public class HelloPlain extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    throws ServletException, IOException {
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    out.println("Hello World");
    }
    }

    • Not really dynamic page, but easy to add dynamic content


    • When doGet() or doPost() called, the servlet container creates
    HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse objects and passes them in as
    parameters to these request handler methods
    • The response object has getOutputStream() and getWriter()

    Ho Ngoc Duc 7
    Compiling the HelloWorld servlet

    n Make sure you have the Servlet API classes


    (javax.servlet, javax.servlet.http) in your
    CLASSPATH
    q $TOMCAT5_HOME/common/lib/servlet-api.jar
    q $TOMCAT4_HOME/common/lib/servlet.jar
    n Either set the CLASSPATH environment
    variable, or run javac with –classpath
    q javac -classpath .../servlet.jar HelloWorld.java
    n Using Eclipse: add servlet.jar to project build
    path
    Ho Ngoc Duc 8
    Deploying HelloWorld servlet

    n In Jakarta Tomcat: web applications located under


    $TOMCAT_HOME/webapps/
    q Each web application usually a subdirectory
    n Each web applications consist of static HTML files,
    multimedia resources, servlets...
    q Code for the servlets: WEB-INF/classes (class files) or
    WEB-INF/lib (jar archives)
    q To deploy in sample web app: copy HelloWorld.class to
    $TOMCAT4_HOME/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/
    q Then access it via
    http://localhost:8080/examples/servlet/HelloWorld

    Ho Ngoc Duc 9
    Servlet that generates HTML

    • Tell the server we are sending HTML: response.setContentType("text/html");


    • Generates valid HTML code to be printed

    import java.io.*;
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.http.*;
    public class HelloHTML extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    throws ServletException, IOException {
    response.setContentType("text/html");
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    out.println("<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Hello</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>");
    out.println("<H1>Hello World</H1>");
    out.println("</BODY></HTML>");
    }
    }

    Ho Ngoc Duc 10
    Deploying Servlets

    n Copy servlet class file (and any necessary


    classes) to WEB-INF/classes
    n Alternatively: package the servlet class file in
    a JAR file, copy it to WEB-INF/lib
    n If use package: create subdirectories that
    match package structure
    q Access to servlet using fully qualified class name:
    http://localhost:8080/examples/servlet/myPackage.MyServlet

    Ho Ngoc Duc 11
    Deploying Servlets

    n How does the container know a certain request is


    intended for a servlet?
    q /MyApp/servlet/MyServlet could be path to a file (or even
    directory) MyServlet in directory servlet
    n Some containers use a naming convention:
    requests to /MyApp/servlet/* are served by servlets
    n Other containers: no such standard names. You use
    a deployment descriptor to configure your web
    application
    q File .../WEB-INF/web.xml

    Ho Ngoc Duc 12
    Use your own web application
    • Create directory structure under $TOMCAT_HOME/webapps/
    DBP06/
    index.html
    WEB-INF/
    web.xml
    classes/
    lib/
    (other files and directories if needed)

    • Copy your classes into WEB-INF/classes/ (subdirectories for packages),


    or package them in a jar file and copy to WEB-INF/lib/
    • Tell the container when to invoke a servlet: add to WEB-INF/web.xml
    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>invoker</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    Ho Ngoc Duc 13
    Initializing Servlets

    n Common in real-life servlets


    q E.g., initializing database connection(s)
    n Where to get paratemeters?
    q Call getServletConfig() to obtain the ServletConfig object
    q Then: getInitParameter() read initialization parameters
    n Set init parameters in web.xml
    n Even when no init parameters: use init() for data that
    must be initialized once
    q Information from disk, etc.

    Ho Ngoc Duc 14
    Servlet with init parameters
    import java.io.*;
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.http.*;
    public class HelloParameter extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    throws ServletException, IOException {
    response.setContentType("text/html");
    String message = getServletConfig().getInitParameter("message");
    int repeats = Integer.parseInt(getServletConfig().getInitParameter("repeats"));
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    out.println("<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Hello</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>");
    for (int i = 0; i < repeats; i++) {
    out.println("<H1>"+message+"</H1>");
    }
    out.println("</BODY></HTML>");
    }
    }

    Ho Ngoc Duc 15
    Setting init parameters
    Modify .../WEB-INF/web.xml

    <web-app>
    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>HelloParameter</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>duc.lect24.HelloParameter</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
    <param-name>message</param-name>
    <param-value>Gruss aus Luebeck</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
    <param-name>repeats</param-name>
    <param-value>5</param-value>
    </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <!– other things ... -->
    </web-app>

    Ho Ngoc Duc 16
    Servlet mapping
    We can map a servlet to any URL (within web app):

    <web-app>
    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>HelloParameter</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>duc.lect24.HelloParameter</servlet-class>
    <!– parameters as before -->
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>HelloParameter</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/ParameterServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    </web-app>

    Then applet can be accessed in different ways:


    http://localhost:8080/DBP06/ParameterServlet
    http://localhost:8080/DBP06/servlet/HelloParameter

    Ho Ngoc Duc 17
    Reading query data
    String getParameter("name"): return (first) parameter value as user
    entered it (URL-decoded) or null if no such parameter
    String[] getParameterValues("name"): return array of all values of a
    repeated parameter
    Enumeration getParameterNames(): enumerate names of all parameters

    double number = 0;
    try {
    number = Double.parseDouble(request.getParameter("number"));
    } catch (Exception e) {}
    double res = Math.sqrt(number);
    out.println("Square root of "+number+" is "+res);
    String uri = request.getRequestURI();
    out.println("<p><form method=POST action="+uri+">");
    out.println("<input name=number value=\""+number+"\"></form>");

    Ho Ngoc Duc 18
    In-class exercise

    n Download DBP06.zip
    n Extract it to $TOMCAT_HOME/webapps
    n Visit http://host:port/DBP06/
    n Write a servlet that display a month's
    calendar. The month should be given as
    request parameter. If no valid parameters
    given, use current month
    q As plain text
    q As HTML table
    Ho Ngoc Duc 19
    Datenbank-Praktikum

    Universität zu Lübeck
    Sommersemester 2006
    Lecture: Servlet/JSP

    Ho Ngoc Duc 20

    S-ar putea să vă placă și