​ ​Cavite State University- Main Campus

Home Economics, Vocational and Technical

Education Department

BSHM 50- MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF

TOURISM & HOSPITALITY

Module 1: Introduction to Tourism and​ Hospitality

Compiled by:

Cherrie B. Mangilog
​Instructor
 
 
 

Preface

This module intends to orient and introduce the students to the tourism and
hospitality industry. It aims to define terminologies in order to explain the relationship
between tourism and hospitality concepts, discuss the different components of the
industry as well as their respective characteristics and importance. Other topics
include the nature of a tour, the tourist product and tourist destination, and the tourist
services.

This module was created to provide foundational knowledge and background

information for the students with regards to the basic know-hows of the tourism and
hospitality industry. This is also a great opportunity to straighten out facts and
debunk myths about the nature of the field/course that they intend to partake in the
future.

 
 
 Table of Contents

Learning Objectives ……………………………………………………..…………………i

Instructions to the learner …………………………………………………………………ii

Pre-Test ……………………………………………………………………………….……ii

Learning Topics: ​Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality

A. The Relationship of Tourism and Hospitality ……………………………….1

B. Components of Tourism and Hospitality ……………………………………1

1. Food and Beverage ……………………………………………………2

2. Lodging and Accommodation ………………………………………...2

3. Recreation, Leisure and Entertainment ……………………………..3

4. Transportation ………………………………………………………….3

5. Travel and Tourism ……………………………………………………3

C. What is Tourism and Hospitality? Who is a Tourist?………………………4

D. Elements of Travel ……………………………………………………………6

E. Nature of a Tour ………………………………………………………………7

 F. The Tourist Product …………………………………………………………..7

G. The Tourist Destination ……………………………………………………...8

H. Tourist Services ………………………………………………………………9

I. Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality Industry ……………………….9

J. Importance of Tourism and Hospitality Industry ………………………….10

Post-Test ………………………………………………………………………………...11

Key to Correction………………………………………………………………………..12

References ………………………………………………………………………………13
After the completion of this module, the student will be able to:

1. explain the relationship of tourism and hospitality;

2. discuss the components of the tourism and hospitality industry;
3. differentiate tourists from excursionists;
4. understand the various elements of travel used as criteria for defining travelers
and/or tourists;
5. describe the characteristics of a tourist product and tourist destination;
6. compare and contrast tourism and hospitality with other industries; and
7. appreciate the importance of tourism and hospitality industry

• Answer the pre-test questions before reading the learning topics covered in this
module.

• The pre-test will serve as a diagnostic exam which will gauge the level of your
knowledge regarding the topics.

• Make sure to read the lecture notes thoroughly and jot down unfamiliar terms and
take time to research its definitions by any means possible.

• Several learning activities and supplementary readings are required for some
topics which will further enhance your comprehension and understanding about the
subject matter so make sure to accomplish them.

• You may also be asked to watch video clips related to certain topics so please be
mindful of footnotes regarding the links to such learning materials.

• Do not forget to answer the post-test after completing this module since it is one of
the tools in assessing what you have learned from the included topics.

• Should there be any clarification or queries, feel free to communicate your

concerns with your instructor through any means possible and within the specified
consultation hour/period.

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Identification. I​ dentify what is being asked in each item.

_Tourism and Hospitality_1. It is considered as one of the largest and fastest

growing industry in the world.
_Network______2. A term used to refer to a complicated interconnection of parts
and components.
​ odging​_____​_3. The component which includes hotels, motels, inns, and other
_L
establishments offering visitors a place to spend the night in.
​ ransportation Segment​__​4. Its main purpose is to ensure the fast and safe
_T
movement of people into different destinations/places.
​ ospitare​______​5. The Latin word where the term ​hospitality ​was derived which
_H
literally means “to receive as a guest”.
_Tourist_____________6. Temporary visitors which stay at a place for at least 24
hours.
__International_Tourism_7. It involves the movement of people across international
boundaries.
_Tourist_Destination___8. A geographical unit where the tourist visits and stay.
_Package_Tour_____9. It is sometimes called as inclusive tour, which is an
arrangement in which transport and accommodation is bought by the tourist at an
all-inclusive price.
__Tourism______10. The sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the
travel and stay of nonresidents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence
and are not connected to any earning activity.

*** If you are done. Check your answer by referring to the answer key in the last
page of this module.

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Tourism and Hospitality has been one of the largest and fastest-growing
industries in the world. It contributes greatly to global economic development.
Countries that are leading in tourism and hospitality revenues are United States,
France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Mexico and Japan.

The Relationship of Tourism and Hospitality

The tourism and hospitality industries strongly affect one another. Several
associations, and industry leaders consider the combined industries of tourism and
hospitality as one large industry- the tourism and hospitality industry.
The components of this large industry include: food and beverage services;
lodging services; recreation services and travel-related (tourism) services. These
components constitute the tourism and hospitality “Network” means a complicated
interconnection of parts or components.

Food and Beverage Component

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The Food & Beverage Service Components

• The public looks for food and beverage services everywhere- in hotels, motels,
airlines, airports, cruise ships, trains and shopping malls.
• There must be food service available to them for breakfast, lunch, dinner and
snacks.
• There are commercial restaurants that provide food and beverage services such
as fast service restaurants, ethnic restaurants and specialty restaurants.
• Aside from restaurants, taverns, bars, kiosks, vending machines, supermarkets,
food stalls, food carts and food trucks now offer food and beverage services.
• Food service establishments are found in theme parks, in schools and colleges, in
hospitals and homes for senior citizens, in prison and halfway houses and in
shelters for the homeless.

The Lodging Component

• It involves providing overnight or even long-term services to guests.

• It is a place to sleep.
• Lodging facilities not only provide beds but also entertainment and recreational
facilities.
• Lodging industry has begun to accommodate several customer preferences-from
budget motels to luxury hotels and expensive resorts.
• Lodging facilities such as inns, motor hotels, lodges or motor inns are hotels and
motels that use different names. There are some that uses different terms like bed
and breakfast, resort hotel, resort condominium and time sharing.
• There are lodging establishment that offers special facilities such as ski lodges in
Colorado and casino hotels in Las Vegas and Atlantic City.
• Campgrounds, transient trailer parks, school and college dormitories, summer
camps and health spas also attend to the lodging needs of those who are away
from home.
• In other countries, there are lodging establishment such as the parador (old
Spanish monastery or castle that was converted to a hotel); pension or Pensione
(a French or Italian home in which guest are provided with a room and board);
chateau (a French castle or elegant country home used as a hotel); ryokan (a

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Japanese inn in which traditional customs are observed) and hostel (a lodging
facility in which inexpensive accommodations are provided to students and guests
on a nonprofit basis.

Recreation and Entertainment Component

• Entertainment originated from the traditional duties of a host to entertain his or her
guests, whether they are neighbors or travelers from other places.
• Many centuries ago, innkeepers, tavern-keepers and their descendants have
attended to their guests’ needs for entertainment by talking to their guest. Others
told stories while some provided games.
• The concept of entertaining guests nowadays is broader. Guests are offered
different kinds of entertainment and recreational activities such as golf, tennis,
hiking, boating, swimming, casino gambling and concerts.

Transportation

The main purpose is to make it possible to go from one place to another.

There are many ways to do this, from the primitive and simple to the modern and
complex. The common means of transportation are automobiles, recreational
vehicles (RV’s), buses. Trains, ships and airplanes.

Travel and Tourism

• Travel and tourism are used together as an umbrella term to refer to those
businesses that provide primary services to travelers.
• These include not only food and beverage services, lodging services, recreation
and entertainment services but also transportation services and the services of
travel agencies and tour operators.
• Travel agencies and tour operators are modern additions to the travel and tourism
world. Both have become important in the survival of many businesses in the
tourism and hospitality industry.
• A travel agent is one who sells travel services in a travel agency. He or she sells
travel services that are assembled by others into “packages”. In the travel

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business, a package is a bundle of related travel services offered to a buyer at a

single price.
• Tour operators are wholesalers who make the necessary contacts with hotels,
airlines, and other providers of travel services and devise packages which will
appeal to retail buyers. They are volume purchasers who are able to negotiate
lower prices because of their high-volume purchases. They are able to sell tour
packages at a cheaper price that the individual consumer.

WHAT IS TOURISM?

• “Sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of
nonresidents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not
connected to any earning activity” - Professors Hunziker and Krapf of Berne
University in Switzerland.
• This definition distinguishes tourism from mitigation, which involves taking up
permanent residence.
• Since it necessarily includes both travel and stay, it excludes day tours.
• Tourism is the temporary short-term movement of people to destinations outside
the places where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay at
these destination”- Tourism Society in Britain
• “Tourism may be defined in terms of particular activities selected by choice and
undertaken outside the home environment” - Tourism Society in Cardiff

5 characteristics of tourism according to Burkart and Medlik (1997):

1. Because of its complexity, tourism is a combination of phenomena and

relationships;
2. It has two essential elements, the dynamic element or the journey and the static
element or the stay;
3. The journey and stay are to-and-for destinations outside the place of residence
and work;
4. The movement to destinations is temporary and short-term, with the intention to
return within a few days, weeks or months; and
5. Destinations are visited for purposes not connected with paid work, that is not to
be employed and not for business or vocational reasons.

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WHAT IS HOSPITALITY?

• Derived from the Latin word ​hospitare​ which means “to receive as a guest”
• This phrase implies that a host is prepared to meet a guest’s basic requirements
while the guest is away from home. The requirements of a guest in these
circumstances are food, beverages, lodging or shelter.
• Several related words come from the same Latin root, including hospital, hospice
and hostel.
• In each of these words, the principal meaning is a host who receives, welcomes
and caters to the needs of people who are temporarily away from their homes.

WHO IS A TOURIST?

• In 1937, the League of Nations defined tourist as: “Tourist is a person who visits a
country other than that in which he or she usually resides for a period of at least 24
hours”. This was held to include persons traveling for pleasure, domestic reasons
or health, persons traveling to meetings or on business, and persons visiting a
country on a cruise vessel even if for less than 24 hours.
• 1963, a United Nations Conference on International Travel and Tourism
recommended a new definition of a “visitor as any person visiting a country other
than that of earning money”. This definition covers 2 classes of visitors:
• Tourist. Temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours, whose purpose could be
classified as:
a. Leisure such as recreation, holiday, health, study, religion or sport
b. Business
c. Family
d. Mission and
e. Meeting
• Excursionists. Temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination
visited and not making an overnight stay, including cruise travelers, but excluding
travelers in transit.

ELEMENTS OF TRAVEL

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A. Distance
• What must be considered under distance is the difference between local travel or
traveling within a person’s home community and nonlocal travel or traveling away
from home. It excludes commuting to and from work and change in residence.
• A measure that has been used to distinguish travel away from home is the
distance traveled on a trip.
• A trip is defined as “each time a person goes to a place at least 100 miles away
from home and returns”.
• Travelers, on this basis, are individuals who travel at least 100 miles in one
direction from home.

B. Length of Stay at the Destination

• The second basic element of travel used as a criteria for defining travelers is the
length of stay at a destination.
• Tourist are temporary visitors who make at least one overnight stay.
• Excursionists are temporary visitors who do not stay overnight in the country that
they visit.

C. Residence of the Traveler

• The residence or origin of the traveler is the third basic element of travel.
• For business and research purposes, it is important to know where people live.

D. Purpose of Travel
The fourth basic element is the purpose of travel. It can be divided as:
1. Visiting friends and relatives
2. Convention, seminars and meetings
3. Business
4. Outdoor recreation- hunting, fishing, boating and camping
5. Entertainment
6. Personal- family, medical, funeral, wedding

NATURE OF A TOUR

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• Domestic Tourism​- refers to travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries
of the traveler’s country.
• International Tourism​- involves the movement of people across international
boundaries.
• Package Tour​- sometimes called inclusive tour, is an arrangement in which
transport and accommodation is bought by the tourist at an all-inclusive price and
the price of individual elements cannot be determined by the tourist.
• Independent Tour​- an arrangement in which the tourist buys the facilities
separately, either making reservations in advance through a travel agent or en
route during his or her tour.
• Independent Inclusive Tour (IIT)​- is one in which the tourist travels to his
destination individually.
• Group Inclusive Tour (GIT)​- he or she travels in the company of other tourists.

THE TOURIST PRODUCT

• It is consists of what the tourist buys.

• The tourist product is a combination of what the tourist does at the destination and
the services he or she uses during his or her stay.
• The first characteristic of a tourist product is it that it is a service. It is an intangible
item. It cannot be inspected by a prospective purchasers before they buy as they
can with a washing machine, or other consumer goods.
• The second characteristic is that the tourist product is largely psychological in its
attraction. It is more than a collection of services such an aircraft seat and a hotel
room. It is the temporary use of a strange environment plus the culture and
heritage of the region and other intangible benefits such as atmosphere and
hospitality.
• Next characteristic is that the product tends to vary in standard and quality over
time unlike the production of television set. A package tour cannot be consistently
of equal standard. A bumpy flight can change an enjoyable experience into a
nightmare; a good room in a hotel may be spoiled by poor food and a holiday at
the seaside can be destroyed by a prolonged rainy spell.

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• Another characteristic is that the supply of the product is fixed. The number of hotel
rooms available at a particular resort cannot be changed to meet the changing
demands of tourist during a particular season. The unsold room cannot be stored
for another sale, thus great effort are made to fill hotel rooms and aircrafts by
discounting the prices of these products at the last minute.

THE TOURIST DESTINATION

• A geographical unit where the tourist visits and stay.

• It may be a village, a town, a city, a district, a region, an island, a country or a
continent.
• The success of a tourist destination depends upon the interrelationship of three
basic factors:
1. ​Attraction​ - May be site or event attractions.
● Site attraction is one in which destination itself has appeal.
● Event attraction is one in which tourists are drawn to the destination solely
because of what is taking place there.
● Attraction may also be natural or man-made.
● Natural attraction include mountains, beaches and climatic features.
● Man-made attraction includes buildings of historical or architectural
interest.
2. ​Amenities and Facilities ​- Includes accommodation, food, local transport,
communications, and entertainment at the site. Amenities will differ according to
the attraction of the site.
3. ​Accessibility ​- It means having a regular and convenience of transport in
terms
of time/ distance to the destination from the originating country / place at a
reasonable price.
● If private transport is to be the means of access, tourism flow will depend
upon the adequate roads, gasoline stations and the like.
● Good railways and coach services, airports and seaports are designed to
facilitate accessibility.

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TOURIST SERVICES

• The travel and stay of tourist give rise to a wide range of services in the course of a
holiday. The principal tourist services is the passenger transport, which provide the
means to reach the destination.
• Accommodation, food and beverage and entertainment constitute the second
group of tourist services.
• The third group consists of travel agent and tour operators.
• Other tourist services includes currency, documentation, information, sightseeing,
and shopping.

CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

1. In tourism and hospitality, the product is not brought to the consumer, rather the
consumer has to travel and go to the product to purchase it.
2. The product of tourism and hospitality are not used up, thus they do not exhaust
the country’s natural resources.
3. Tourism and hospitality is a labor intensive industry.
4. Tourism and hospitality is people-oriented industry.
5. It is a multidimensional phenomenon. It is dependent on many varied activities
which are separate but interdependent.
6. The tourism and hospitality industry is seasonal.
7. The industry is dynamic. It is characterized by the changing ideas and attitudes of
customers.

IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

1. Contribution to the balance of payments

2. Dispersion of development
3. Effect on general economic development
4. Employment opportunities
5. Social benefits (social exchange)

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6. Cultural enrichment (sharing and appreciation of culture and preservation of

cultural heritage)
7. Educational significance
8. A vital force for peace (it can bridge differences in culture, race, colors, religions,
etc.)

I. Identify what is being asked.

__Tourism___1. The temporary, short-term movement of people to

destinations outside the places where they normally live and work and
their activities during their stay at those destinations.
_International_Tourism_2. Movement of people across international
boundaries.
_Tourist_Destination__3. A geographical unit where he tourist visits and
stays.
_Excursionist___4. Temporary visitor staying at least 24 hours in the
destination visited and not making an overnight stay.
_Tourist_Product__5. It consists of what the tourist buys.
_Independent_Inclusive_Tour__6. A tour in which a tourist travels to his or
her destination individually.
_Inclusive Tour___7. Another term for package tour.
_Site_Attraction___8. An attraction in which an attraction itself has appeal.
__Man_Made_Attraction__9. Facilities such as accommodation, food,
transportation,communication, and entertainment at the destination.
_Tourist__10. The manufacturer or the tourist product.

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II. Enumerate the following.

11-14. The element of travel:

● Distance
● Length of Stay at the Destination
● Residence of the Traveler
● Purpose of Travel
15-18. The basic components of the tourism and hospitality industry
● Food and Beverage Component
● Lodging Component
● Recreation an Entertainment Component
● Travel and Tourism Component
19-20. Kind of visitors
● Tourist
● Excursionist

*** If you are done. Check your answer by referring to the answer key in the last
page of this module.

Post-Test

1. Tourism and Hospitality Industry

2. Network

3. Lodging and Accommodation

4. Transportation Segment

5. Hospitare

6. Tourists

7. International Tourism

8. Tourist destination

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9. Package tour

10.Tourism

Pre-Test

I. Identification

1. Tourism

2. International tourism

3. Tourist destination

4. Excursionists

5. Tourist product

6. Independent inclusive tour

7. Inclusive tour

8. Site attraction

9. Man-made attractions

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10. Tourist

Lansangan-Cruz, Z., (2018). Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality.

Manila: Rex Book Store Inc.
Walker, J., (2011). It’s tourism concepts and practices. USA: Pearson
Education Inc.
Vibal, V., (2010). Principles of tourism 1. Anvil Publishing.
Cooper C., Et. Al. (2008). Tourism principles and practices. 4th Edition
England: Pearson Education Limited.
Santos, B., and Manzano, R., (2009). Principles of tourism 1. Quezon City: C
and E Publishing, Inc.

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