Course Code Course Title L T P J C

ECE4098 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 0 0 0 0 2

Prerequisite: Minimum of 6th Semester Courses

Course Objectives:
 Designed to test the students on the electronics and communication engineering concepts, and
tools, and the process of identifying and solving engineering problems.

Expected Course Outcome:

The students will be able to
1. Apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering
2. Design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints
such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health care and safety,
manufacturability, and sustainability.

Student Learning Outcomes (SLO): 1, 9

Module:1 Networks, Signals and Systems: CO: 1

Network solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis; Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin
and Norton’s, maximum power transfer; Wye‐Delta transformation; Steady state sinusoidal
analysis using phasors; Time domain analysis of simple linear circuits; Solution of network
equations using Laplace transform; Frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits; Linear 2‐port
network parameters: driving point and transfer functions; State equations for networks and
Network Synthesis (RL,RC,LC and RLC Synthesis): Positive real functions, hurwitz polynomial,
foster and cauer forms.
Continuous-time signals: LTI System & Properties,Fourier series and Fourier transform
representations, sampling and aliasing concepts and applications; Discrete-time signals: discrete-
time Fourier transform (DTFT), DFT, FFT, Z-transform. Interconnection of systems; Filter design
concepts, phase and group delay concepts

Module:2 Electronic Devices and Analog Circuits: CO: 2

Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic silicon; Carrier transport: diffusion current, drift current,
mobility and resistivity; Generation and recombination of carriers; Poisson and continuity
equations; P-N junction, Zener diode, BJT, LED, photo diode and solar cell; MOS Transistor
Theory: nMOS, pMOS Enhancement Transistor, ideal I-V characteristics, MOS capacitor, C-V
characteristics, DC transfer Characteristics of CMOS inverter.
Small signal equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs and MOSFETs; Simple diode circuits: clipping,
clamping and rectifiers; Special diodes, Single-stage BJT and MOSFET amplifiers: biasing, bias
stability, mid-frequency small signal analysis and frequency response; BJT and MOSFET
amplifiers: multi-stage, differential, feedback, tuned amplifiers, power and operational; Simple op-
amp circuits; Active filters; Sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation, single-transistor and
op-amp configurations; Function generators, 555 timers, open and closed loop applications of
Comparators, Voltage Regulators, regulator protection methods, noise analysis of electronic
circuits, PLLs and Data converters.

Module:3 Digital Circuits: CO: 2

Number systems; Combinatorial circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of functions using
Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates and their static CMOS implementations,
arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders and PLAs; Sequential circuits: latches
and flip-flops, counters, shift‐registers and finite state machines; Data converters: sample and hold
circuits, ADCs and DACs; Semiconductor memories: ROM, SRAM, DRAM; 8-bit
microcontroller (8051): architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing.

Module:4 Electromagnetics: CO: 2

Electrostatics; Maxwell’s equations: differential and integral forms and their interpretation,
boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector; Plane waves and properties: reflection and
refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth;
Transmission lines: equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching, S-parameters,
Smith chart; Waveguides: modes, boundary conditions, cut-off frequencies, Rader range
equvation,Friss formula; Antennas: antenna types, radiation pattern, gain and directivity, return
loss, antenna arrays; Wave Propagation, Antenna design considerations -
Microstrip and Horn antennas. Basics of radar; Properties and characteristics of light sources
(Laser and LED) and detectors; Light propagation in optical fibers.

Module:5 Control Systems: CO: 1

Basic control system components; Feedback principle; Transfer function; Block diagram
representation; Signal flow graph; Transient and steady-state analysis of LTI systems; Frequency
response; Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist stability criteria; Bode and root-locus plots; Closed loop
control system design by Nichols plot , PID controller design, Lag, lead and lag-lead
compensation, States space models, states space equations and solutions, states space methods for
controller designs and non-linear control systems and its applications.

Module:6 Communications: CO: 2

Random processes: autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, filtering
of random signals through LTI systems; Analog communications: amplitude modulation and
demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and FM, superheterodyne
receivers, circuits for analog communications; Information theory: entropy, mutual information
and channel capacity theorem. Digital communications: PCM, DPCM, digital modulation
schemes, amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying (ASK, PSK, FSK), QAM, MAP and ML
decoding, matched filter receiver, calculation of bandwidth, SNR and BER for digital modulation;
Fundamentals of error correction, Hamming codes; inter-symbol interference and its mitigation;
Wireless Communication: Structure of a Wireless Communication Link, Modulation Techniques:
QPSK, MSK, GMSK. Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA.

Mode of Evaluation:
Computerized Multiple Choice Questions FAT Examination – 100%