Sunteți pe pagina 1din 10

MACHINE SHOP

Definition:
A machine shop is a room, building, or company where machining is done. In a machine
shop, machinists use machine tools and cutting tools to make parts, usually
of metal or plastic (but sometimes of other materials such as glass or wood). A machine
shop can be a small business (such as a job shop) or a portion of a factory.

Machine:
A machine uses power to apply forces and control movement to perform an intended
action. Machines can be driven by animals and people, by natural forces such as wind
and water, and by chemical, thermal, or electrical power, and include a system
of mechanisms that shape the actuator input to achieve a specific application of output
forces and movement.
Machining Process:
Machining is any of various processes in which a piece of raw material is cut into a
desired final shape and size by a controlled material-removal process. Machining is a
part of the manufacture of many metal products, but it can also be used on materials
such as wood, plastic, ceramic, and composites.

Machining Tools:
A machine tool is a machine for shaping or machining metal or other rigid materials,
usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation. Machine
tools employ some sort of tool that does the cutting or shaping. All machine tools have
some means of constraining the workpiece and provide a guided movement of the parts
of the machine. A metal lathe is an example of a machine tool.
Milling Machine:
The milling machines are also known as the multi-tasking machines (MTMs) which are
multi-purpose machines capable of milling and turning the materials as well. The milling
machine has got the cutter installed up on it which helps in removing the material from
the surface of the work piece. When the material gets cooled down then it is removed
from the milling machine.

Working Principle:
The workpiece is holding on the worktable of the machine. The table movement controls
the feed of workpiece against the rotating cutter. The cutter is mounted on a spindle or
arbor and revolves at high speed. Except for rotation the cutter has no other motion. As
the workpiece advances, the cutter teeth remove the metal from the surface of
workpiece and the desired shape is produced.

Uses:
Milling machines are very versatile. They are usually used to machine flat surfaces, but
can also produce irregular surfaces. They can also be used to drill, bore, cut gears, and
produce slots.
Types of Milling Machine:

1. Horizontal Milling Machine:

In horizontal milling machine the axis of rotation of the spindle is horizontal to the table.
And due the axis of spindle horizontal, it is called as horizontal milling machine.

2. Vertical Milling Machine:

The milling machine in which the spindle axis is perpendicular to the table is called
vertical milling machine.
3. Knee-Type Milling Machine:

The milling machine which has a knee like projection at the middle is called knee-type
milling machine. It is characterized by a vertical adjustable work table resting on a
saddle supported by a knee.

4. Ram-Type Milling Machine:

A milling machine which has a ram on the top of the column is called ram type milling
machine. Generally ram is used in vertical milling machine. It can be moved on the
column in transverse direction (i.e. in and out when operated from the knee side.
Milling Machine Operation:

1. Face Milling:

This operation makes flat surfaces at the face of workpiece. This machining operation is
done on the surfaces which are perpendicular to the axis of the cutter. The operation is
performed by the face milling cutter mounted on stub arbor of the machine.

2. Form Milling:

It is the process of machining special contour (outline) composed of curves, straight


lines, or entirely of curves, at a single cut. Formed milling cutters shaped to the contour
to be cut are used to perform this operation. This operation is accomplish by using
convex, concave and corner rounding milling cutters.
3. Plain Milling:

It is a Process of milling flat surfaces keeping the axis of the cutter parallel to the
surface being milled. It is also called surface milling or slab milling. A plain milling cutter
is used for the plain milling.

4. Straddle Milling:

it is a process in which two side milling cutter are used to machined two opposite sides
of a workpiece simultaneously. The straddle milling operation is shown in the figure
given below.
5. Angular Milling:

It is a process of milling flat surfaces which are neither Parallel nor perpendicular to the
axis of the milling cutter. It is also called as angle milling. A single angle milling cutter is
used to perform this operation.

6. Gang Milling:

It is the machining process in which two or more milling cutters are used together to
perform different milling operation simultaneously. In gang milling the cutters are
mounted on the arbor.
Parts of Milling Machine:
1. Base:
It gives support and rigidity to the machine and also acts as a reservoir for the cutting
fluids.

2. Column:
The column is the main supporting frame mounted vertically on the base. The column
is box shaped, heavily ribbed inside and houses all the driving mechanisms for the
spindle and table feed.

3. Knee:
The knee is a rigid casting mounted on the front face of the column. The knee moves
vertically along the guide ways and this movement enables to adjust the distance
between the cutter and the job mounted on the table. The adjustment is obtained
manually or automatically by operating the elevating screw provided below the knee.

4. Saddle:
The saddle rests on the knee and constitutes the intermediate part between the knee
and the table. The saddle moves transversely, i.e., crosswise (in or out) on guide ways
provided on the knee.

5. Table:
The table rests on guide ways in the saddle and provides support to the work. The
table is made of cast iron, its top surface is accurately machined and carriers T-slots
which accommodate the clamping bolt for fixing the work. The worktable and hence the
job fitted on it is given motions in three directions:

a). Vertical (up and down) movement provided by raising or lowering the knee.

b). Cross (in or out) or transverse motion provided by moving the saddle in relation to
knee.

c). Longitudinal (back and forth) motion provided by hand wheel fitted on the side of
feed screw.

In addition to the above motions, the table of a universal milling machine can be
swiveled 45° to either side of the centre line and thus fed at an angle to the spindle.

6. Overarm:
The Overarm is mounted at the top of the column and is guided in perfect alignment by
the machined surfaces. The Overarm is the support for the arbor.

7. Arbor support:
The arbor support is fitted to the Overarm and can be clamped at any location on the
Overarm. Its function is to align and support various arbors. The arbor is a machined
shaft that holds and drives the cutters.

8. Elevating screw:
The upward and downward movement to the knee and the table is given by the
elevating screw that is operated by hand or an automatic feed.

S-ar putea să vă placă și