Weak Acid- Strong Base Titrations

Practice Problems Page 539 #101 - 110

101. Determine the pH at a point in the titration when 20.00 mL of 0.2000 mol/L acetic acid, CH3COOH(aq), has
been added to 17.00 mL of 0.1500 mol/L potassium hydroxide, KOH(aq).
i. Determine the amount of acid or base that has been neutralized (in moles)

(moles) CH3COOH (K+)OH-(aq) (K+)CH3COO- (aq) H2O(l)

Initial 0.004 0.00255 0 0

Change -x -x +x +x
Final 0.00145 0 0.00255 0.00255

ii. Determine which ion will affect the pH and calculate its concentration

CH3COOH(aq) - Ka = 1.8 x 10-5

OH-(aq)
CH3CH2COO- (aq) - Kb = 9.551 x 10-10 (Kb = Kw/Ka = 1.0 x 10-14/1.8 x 10-5)
H2O(l) – Kw = 1.00 x 10-14

iii. Determine the equilibrium concentrations of either H3O+ or OH-

CH3COOH (aq) H2O(l) CH3COO-(aq) H3O+(aq)

Initial 0.039189 --- 0.068919 0
Change -x --- +x +x
Equilibrium 0.039189 - x --- 0.068919 + x x
0.0392/1.8 x 10-5 = 2177 Therefore x will be small and we can use the approximation method
[CH3CH2COO-]
Ka= [ H3O+]

[CH3CH2COOH]

(0.0689)(x)
1.8 x 10-5 =
(0.00392)

x = 1.02x 10-5

iv. Determine the pH

pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log(1.02x 10-5)
pH = 4.99
102. When hydrogen cyanide, HCN(g), is dissolved in water, it forms a very weak acid, Ka = 6.2 x10-10 If a
50.00 mL sample of 0.1000 mol/L hydrocyanic acid, HCN(aq), is titrated with 0.1000 mol/L potassium
hydroxide, KOH(aq), what is the pH of the solution after the base has been added?
Not enough information provided – we need to know the volume of base in order to do this question

103. What is the pH of the titration in question 102 at the equivalence point.
i. Determine the amount of acid or base that has been neutralized (in moles)

(moles) HCN (K+)OH-(aq) (K+)CN- (aq) H2O(l)

Initial 0.005 0.005 0 0

Change -x -x +x +x
Final 0 0 0.005 0.005

ii. Determine which ion will affect the pH and calculate its concentration

HCN(aq)
OH-(aq)
CN- (aq) - Kb = 1.613 x 10-5 (Kb = Kw/Ka = 1.0 x 10-14/6.2 x 10-10)
H2O(l) – Kw = 1.00 x 10-14

iii. Determine the equilibrium concentrations of either H3O+ or OH-

CN- (aq) H2O(l) HCN(aq) OH-(aq)

Initial 0.05 --- 0 0
Change -x --- +x +x
Equilibrium 0.05 - x --- x x
-5
0.05/1.513 x 10 = 3304 Therefore x will be small and we can use the approximation method
[HCN][ OH-]
Kb=
[CN-]

(x)(x)
-5
1.613 x 10 =
(0.05)

x2 = 8.06 x 10-7
x= 8.98 x 10-4

iv. Determine the pH

pOH = -log[OH-] pH = 14 - pOH
pOH = -log(8.98 x 10-4) pH = 14 – 3.04
pOH = 3.04 pH = 10.95
104. A chemist titrated 35.00 mL of a 0.150 mol/L solution of hydrobromous acid, HBrO(aq), Ka = 2.8 x 10-9 .
Calculate the resulting pH after the addition of 15.00 mL of 0.1000 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution,
NaOH(aq).
i. Determine the amount of acid or base that has been neutralized (in moles)

(moles) HBrO (Na+)OH-(aq) (Na+)BrO- (aq) H2O(l)

Initial 0.00525 0.0015 0 0

Change -x -x +x +x
Final 0.00375 0 0.0015 0.0015

ii. Determine which ion will affect the pH and calculate its concentration

HBrO(aq) - Ka = 2.8 x 10-9

OH-(aq)
BrO- (aq) - Kb = 3.57 x 10-6 (Kb = Kw/Ka = 1.0 x 10-14/2.8 x 10-9)
H2O(l) – Kw = 1.00 x 10-14

iii. Determine the equilibrium concentrations of either H3O+ or OH-

BrO- (aq) H2O(l) HBrO(aq) OH-(aq)

Initial 0.0375 --- 0.09375 0
Change -x --- +x +x
Equilibrium 0.0375 - x --- 0.09375 + x x
0.0375/3.57 x 10-5 = 1050 Therefore x will be small and we can use the approximation method
[HBrO][ OH-]
Kb=
[BrO-]

(0.09375)(x)
3.57 x 10-6 =
(0.00375)

x = 1.42x 10-6

iv. Determine the pH

pOH = -log[OH-] pH = 14 - pOH
pOH = -log(1.42x 10-6) pH = 14 – 5.85
pOH = 5.85 pH = 8.15

Alternate solution
ii. Determine the equilibrium concentrations of either H3O+ or OH-

HBrO(aq) H2O(l) BrO- (aq) H3O+(aq)

Initial 0.09375 --- 0.0375 0
Change -x --- +x +x
Equilibrium 0.09375 - x --- 0.0375 + x x
0.09375/2.8 x 10-9 = 33482142 Therefore x will be small and we can use the approximation method
 [BrO-][ H3O+] pH = -log[H3O+]
Ka=
[HBrO] pH = -log(7.00 x 10-9)
pH = 8.15

(0.09375)(x)
2.8 x 10-9 =
(0.0375)

x = 7.00x 10-9

105. A solution of 50.00 mL of a 0.120 mol/L nitrous acid, HNO2(aq), is titrated with 0.1000 mol/L of potassium
hydroxide, KOH(aq). Determine the resulting pH of the solution after 11.25 mL of the base has been added.
For the acid, Ka = 5.6 x 10-4
i. Determine the amount of acid or base that has been neutralized (in moles)

(moles) HNO2 (aq) (K+)OH-(aq) (K+)NO2- (aq) H2O(l)

Initial 0.006 0.001125 0 0

Change -x -x +x +x
Final 0.004875 0 0.001125 0.001125

ii. Determine which ion will affect the pH and calculate its concentration

HNO2(aq) - Ka = 5.6 x 10-4

OH-(aq)
NO2- (aq) - Kb = 1.79 x 10-11 (Kb = Kw/Ka = 1.0 x 10-14/5.6 x 10-4)
H2O(l) – Kw = 1.00 x 10-14

iii. Determine the equilibrium concentrations of either H3O+ or OH-

HNO2 (aq) H2O(l) NO2- (aq) H3O+(aq)

Initial 0.07959 --- 0.01837 0
Change -x --- +x +x
Equilibrium 0.07959 - x --- 0.01837 + x x
0.07959/5.6 x 10-4 = 142
should use quadratic formula, but textbook used approximation method, see solution with quadratic formula
below
[NO2- ][H3O+]
Ka=
[HNO2]

5.6 x 10-4 = (0.01837)(x)

 (0.07959)

x = 2.43x 10-3

iv. Determine the pH

pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log(2.43x 10-3)
pH = 2.61

*If using quadratic

x2 + 0.01893x - 4.457 x 10-5 = 0

x = 0.002118 or -0.02105

pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log(2.118x 10-3)
pH = 2.67
106. If 100.00 mL of a 0.400 mol/L hydrofluoric acid solution, HF(aq), is titrated with a 0.2000 mol/L sodium
hydroxide solution, NaOH(aq), determine the pH that results when 20.00 mL of the base is added. For the
hydrofluoric acid solution, 6.3 x 10 4.
Determine the amount of acid or base that has been neutralized (in moles)

(moles) HF (aq) (Na+)OH-(aq) (Na+)F- (aq) H2O(l)

Initial 0.04 0.004 0 0

Change -x -x +x +x
Final 0.036 0 0.004 0.004

ii. Determine which ion will affect the pH and calculate its concentration

HF(aq) - Ka = 6.3 x 10-4

OH-(aq)
F- (aq) - Kb = 1.59 x 10-19 (Kb = Kw/Ka = 1.0 x 10-14/6.3 x 10-4)
H2O(l) – Kw = 1.00 x 10-14

iii. Determine the equilibrium concentrations of either H3O+ or OH-

HF (aq) H2O(l) F- (aq) H3O+(aq)

Initial 0.3 --- 0.03333 0
Change -x --- +x +x
Equilibrium 0.3 - x --- 0.03333 + x x
0.3/6.3 x 10-4 = 476
should use quadratic formula, but textbook used approximation method, see solution with quadratic formula
below
[F- ][H3O+]
Ka=
[HF]

(0.03333 + x)
6.3 x 10-4 = (x)

(0.3 - x)

x = 5.67 x 10-3

iv. Determine the pH

pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log(5.67 x 10-3)
pH = 2.25

*If using quadratic

x2 + 0.03393x - 1.89 x 10-4 = 0
x = 0.004867 or -0.03883

pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log(0.004867)
pH = 2.31
107. A chemist titrates 50.00 mL of a 0.350 mol/L solution of hypochlorous acid, HOCl(aq), with Ka = 4.0 X
10-8, with 0.150 mol/L of potassium hydroxide, KOH(aq). Calculate the pH after the addition of 5.00 mL
of the base.
i. Determine the amount of acid or base that has been neutralized (in moles)

(moles) HOCl (aq) (K+)OH-(aq) (K+)OCl- (aq) H2O(l)

Initial 0.0175 0.00075 0 0

Change -x -x +x +x
Final 0.01675 0 0.00075 0.00075

ii. Determine which ion will affect the pH and calculate its concentration

HNO2(aq) - Ka = 4.0x 10-8

OH-(aq)
NO2- (aq) - Kb = 2.5 x 10-7 (Kb = Kw/Ka = 1.0 x 10-14/4.0 x 10-8)
H2O(l) – Kw = 1.00 x 10-14

iii. Determine the equilibrium concentrations of either H3O+ or OH-

HOCl (aq) H2O(l) OCl- (aq) H3O+(aq)

Initial 0.3045 --- 0.01363 0
Change -x --- +x +x
Equilibrium 0.3045 - x --- 0.01363 + x x
0.0136/4.0 x 10-8 = 340000 – can use approximation method
[OCl-][H3O+]
Ka=
[HOCl]

(0.01363)(x)
6.3 x 10-4 =
(0.345)

x = 8.93 x 10-7

iv. Determine the pH

pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log(8.93 x 10-7)
pH = 6.05
108. Determine the pH of 25.00 mL of a solution of 0.100 mol/L hypobromous acid, HBrO(aq), at the
equivalence point, when titrated with a 0.100 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH(aq).
i. Determine the amount of acid or base that has been neutralized (in moles)

(moles) HBrO (Na+)OH-(aq) (Na+)BrO- (aq) H2O(l)

Initial 0.0025 0.0025 0 0

Change -x -x +x +x
Final 0 0 0.0025 0.0025

ii. Determine which ion will affect the pH and calculate its concentration

HBrO(aq)
OH-(aq)
BrO- (aq) - Kb = 4.46 x 10-6 (Kb = Kw/Ka = 1.0 x 10-14/2.24 x 10-9 ) – I googled the Ka value
H2O(l) – Kw = 1.00 x 10-14

iii. Determine the equilibrium concentrations of either H3O+ or OH-

BrO- (aq) H2O(l) HBrO OH-(aq)

Initial 0.05 --- 0 0
Change -x --- +x +x
Equilibrium 0.05 - x --- x x
-5
0.05/1.513 x 10 = 3304 Therefore x will be small and we can use the approximation method
[HBrO][ OH-]
Kb=
[BrO-]

(x)(x)
4.46 x 10-6 =
(0.05)

x2 = 2.23 x 10-7
x= 4.73 x 10-4

iv. Determine the pH

pOH = -log[OH-] pH = 14 - pOH
pOH = -log(4.73 x 10-4) pH = 14 – 3.33
pOH = 3.33 pH = 10.67
109. A chemist titrated 50.00 mL of a 0.150 mol/L acetic acid solution, CH3COOH(aq), with 0.300 mol/L
sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH(aq). Determine the pH of the resulting solution when 25.00 mL of the
base has been added.
i. Determine the amount of acid or base that has been neutralized (in moles)

(moles) CH3COOH (Na+)OH-(aq) (Na+) CH3COO - (aq) H2O(l)

Initial 0.0075 0.0075 0 0

Change -x -x +x +x
Final 0 0 0.0075 0.0075

ii. Determine which ion will affect the pH and calculate its concentration

CH3COOH (aq)
OH-(aq)
CH3COO - (aq) - Kb = 5.56 x 10-10 (Kb = Kw/Ka =1.00 x 10-14/1.8 x 10-5 )
H2O(l) – Kw = 1.00 x 10-14

iii. Determine the equilibrium concentrations of either H3O+ or OH-

CH3COO- (aq) H2O(l) CH3COOH OH-(aq)

Initial 0.1 --- 0 0
Change -x --- +x +x
Equilibrium 0.1 - x --- x x
0.1/5.56 x 10-10 = 1.79 x 108 Therefore x will be small and we can use the approximation method
[CH3COOH][ OH-]
Kb=
[CH3COO-]

5.56 x 10-10 (x)(x)

= (0.1)

x2 = 5.56 x 10-11
x= 7.45 x 10-6

iv. Determine the pH

pOH = -log[OH-] pH = 14 - pOH
pOH = -log(7.45 x 10-6) pH = 14 – 5.13
pOH = 5.12 pH = 8.87
110. If 50.00 mL of a 0.100 mol/L nitrous acid solution, HNO2(aq), with Ka = 5.6 x 10-4, is titrated with 0.100
mol/L potassium hydroxide solution, KOH(aq), determine the resulting pH of the solution at the
equivalence point in the titration.
j. Determine the amount of acid or base that has been neutralized (in moles)

(moles) HNO2 (Na+)OH-(aq) (Na+) NO2- (aq) H2O(l)

Initial 0.005 0.005 0 0

Change -x -x +x +x
Final 0 0 0.005 0.005

v. Determine which ion will affect the pH and calculate its concentration

HNO2 (aq)
OH-(aq)
NO2- (aq) - Kb = 1.79 x 10-11 (Kb = Kw/Ka = 1.00 x 10-14/5.6 x 10-4)
H2O(l) – Kw = 1.00 x 10-14

vi. Determine the equilibrium concentrations of either H3O+ or OH-

NO2- (aq) H2O(l) HNO2 OH-(aq)

Initial 0.05 --- 0 0
Change -x --- +x +x
Equilibrium 0.05 - x --- x x
0.05/1.79 x 10-11 = 2.8 x 109 Therefore x will be small and we can use the approximation method
[HNO2][ OH-]
Kb=
[NO2-]

(x)(x)
1.79 x 10-11 =
(0.05)

x2 = 8.93x 10-13
x= 9.45 x 10-7

vii. Determine the pH

pOH = -log[OH-] pH = 14 - pOH
pOH = -log(9.45 x 10-7) pH = 14 – 6.02
pOH = 6.02 pH = 7.98