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⎡ dx1 ⎤
⎢ dt ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎡0 1 0⎤ ⎡ x1 ⎤ ⎡0⎤
⎢ dx 2 ⎥ = ⎢0 0 1 ⎥⎥ ⎢ x ⎥ + ⎢0⎥ u(t)
⎢ dt ⎥ ⎢ ⎢ 2⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢⎣− 6 − 11 − 6⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ x3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣1 ⎥⎦
⎢ dx3 ⎥
⎣⎢ dt ⎦⎥
⎡ x1 ⎤
y = [4 5 1] ⎢⎢ x 2 ⎥⎥
⎢⎣ x3 ⎥⎦
5. Using bilinear transformation explain the design procedure of lag and lead
Compensators. [12]
6. Explain the root locus rules of a digital system in detail with an example. [12]
7. a) Determine the possible discrete state variable representation for the pulse transfer
function as shown below:
y(z) 1 + 6z -1 + 8z -2
=
u(z) 1 + 4z -1 + 8z -2
b) Write the merits of PID controllers [12]